Class 9

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.1

प्रश्न 1.
संलग्न चित्र में रेखाएँ AB और CD बिन्दु 0 पर प्रतिच्छेद करती हैं। यदि ∠AOC + LBOE = 70° है और ∠BOD = 40° है, तो ∠BOE और प्रतिवर्ती ∠COE ज्ञातकीजिए।

हल:
∴∠AOC = ∠BOD = 40° ….(1) .. [शीर्षाभिमुख कोण हैं तथा ∠BOD = 40° (दिया है)]
∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° …(2) (दिया है)
⇒ 40° + ∠BOE = 70° [समीकरण (1) एवं (2) से]
⇒ ∠BOE = 70° – 40° = 30° ….(3)
अतः अभीष्ट कोण ∠BOE = 30°
∴ ∠AOC + ∠COE + ∠BOE = 180° [ रेखा AB के बिन्दु 0 पर बने एक ओर के कोण हैं] …(4)
⇒ 40° + ∠COE + 30° = 180° [समीकरण (1), (3) एवं (4) से]
⇒ ∠COE = 180° – 40° – 30° = 180° – 70° = 110° …(5)
⇒ प्रतिवर्ती ∠COE = 360° – ∠COE (परिभाषा से) …(6)
⇒ प्रतिवर्ती ∠COE = 360° – 110° = 250° [समीकरण (5) एवं (6) से]
अतः अभीष्ट प्रतिवर्ती ∠COE = 250°.

प्रश्न 2.
संलग्न चित्र में रेखाएँ XY और MN बिन्दु 0 पर प्रतिच्छेद करती हैं। यदि ∠POY= 90° और a : b = 2 : 3 है, तो c ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
∵ a/b = 2/3 (दिया है)
⇒ a = \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)b ….(1)
∵ a + b + ∠POY = 180° [∵ XY के बिन्दु 0 पर एक ओर बने कोण हैं।]
⇒ a + b + 90° = 180° [∵ ∠POY = 90° (दिया है)]
⇒ a + b = 180° – 90° = 90° …(2)
⇒ \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\)b + b = 90° [समीकरण (1) और (2) से]
⇒ 90° = b = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 }\) x 90° = 3 x 18° = 54°
∵ b + c = 180° [∵ MN के बिन्दु 0 पर एक ओर बने कोण हैं।]
⇒ 54° + c = 180°
⇒ c = 180° – 54° = 126° [∵ b = 54° समीकरण (3) से]
अतः अभीष्ट कोण c = 126°.

प्रश्न 3.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि ∠PQR = ∠PRQ तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि : ∠PQS = ∠PRT है। (2019)

हल:
∵ ∠PQS + ∠PQR = 180° (∵ रेखा ST के बिन्दु Q पर बने एक ओर के कोण है) …(1)
∵ ∠PRQ + ∠PRT = 180° (∵ रेखा ST के बिन्दु R पर बने एक ओर के कोण है) …(2)
⇒ ∠PQS + ∠PQR = ∠PRQ + ∠PRT, [समीकरण (1) एवं (2) से] …(3)
∵ ∠PQR = ∠PRQ (दिया है) …(4)
अतः ∠PQS = ∠PRT. [समीकरण (3) – समीकरण (4) से]

प्रश्न 4.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि x + y = w + x है तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि AOB एक रेखा है।

हल:
चूँकि एक बिन्दु पर बने सभी कोणों का योग = 360°
⇒ x + y + z + w = 360° …(1)
∵ x + y = w + z …(2)
⇒ (x + y) + (x + y) = 360° [समीकरण (1) एवं (2) से]
⇒ 2 (x + y) = 360°
⇒ x + y = \(\frac { { 360 }^{ ° } }{ 2 }\) = 180°
अत: AOB एक रेखा है। (रैखिक युग्म अभिगृहीत से)

प्रश्न 5.
संलग्न चित्र में POQ एक रेखा है। किरण OR रेखा PQ पर लम्ब है। किरणों OP और OR के बीच OS एक अन्य किरण है।
सिद्ध कीजिए: ∠ROS = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) (∠QOS – ∠POS). (2018)

हल:
∵ ∠QOS = ∠ROS + ∠ROQ (चित्रानुसार) …(1)
∵ ∠POS = ∠POR – ∠ROS (चित्रानुसार) …(2)
∠POR = ∠ROQ = 90° (∵ RO ⊥ PQ) …(3)
∠POS = ∠ROQ – ∠ROS [समीकरण (2) एवं (3) से] …(4)
⇒ ∠QOS – ∠POS = 2 ∠ROS [समीकरण (1) – समीकरण (4) से]
अतः ∠ROS = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)(∠QOS – ∠POS). इति सिद्धम्

प्रश्न 6.
यह दिया है कि ∠XYZ = 64° और XY को बिन्दु P तक बढ़ाया गया है। दी हुई सूचना से एक आकृति खींचिए। यदि किरण YQ, ∠ZYP को समद्विभाजित करती है, तो ∠XYQ और प्रतिवर्ती ∠QYP के मान ज्ञात कीजिए।


हल:
दी हुई सूचना के आधार पर खींची गई आकृति चित्र 6.15 में है।
प्रश्नानुसार,
∠XYZ = 64° …(1)
⇒ ∠ZYP = 180° – ∠XYZ = 180° – 64° = 116° …(2)
चूँकि किरण YQ, ∠ZYP की समद्विभाजक है। (दिया है)
⇒ ZYQ = ∠OYP = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) ∠ZYP ….(3)
⇒ ∠ZYQ = ∠QYP = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) x 116° = 58° [समीकरण (2) एवं (3) से] …(4)
∠XYQ = ∠XYZ + ∠ZYQ = 64° + 58° = 122° [समी. (1) एवं (4) से]
एवं प्रतिवर्ती ∠QYP = 360° – ∠QYP
प्रतिवर्ती ∠OYP = 360° – 58° ∵ ∠QYP = 58°, समी. (4) से]
= 302°
अतः अभीष्ट ∠XYQ = 122° एवं अभीष्ट प्रतिवर्ती ∠QYP = 302°.

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.2

प्रश्न 1.
संलग्न चित्र में x और y के मान ज्ञात कीजिए और फिर दर्शाइए कि AB || CD है। (2018, 19)

हल:
चित्रानुसार,
∵ x° + 50° = 180° (कोणों का रैखिक युग्म है)
⇒ x = 180° – 50° = 130°
∵ y = 130° (शीर्षाभिमुख कोण हैं) …(2)
⇒ x = y = 130° [समीकरण (1) एवं (2) से]
लेकिन ये एकान्तर अन्तः कोण हैं।
अतः AB || CD. इति सिद्धम्

प्रश्न 2.
संलग्न चित्र में AB || CD, CD || EF और y : z = 3 : 7 हैं, तो x का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
माना AB || CD एवं CD || EF को तिर्यक रेखा बिन्दु P, Q, R पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है। जहाँ,
∠APQ = x, ∠PQC = y Td ∠QRF = z (दिया है)
∵ ∠DQR = ∠PQC = y (शीर्षाभिमुख कोण हैं) …(1)
∵ ∠DQR + ∠QRF = 180° [एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म है]

∴ x + y = 180° (एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म है)
⇒ x + 54° = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 54° = 126° [∵ y = 54° समीकरण (3) से]
अतः x का अभीष्ट मान = 126°.

प्रश्न 3.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD और ∠GED = 126° है, तो ∠AGE, ∠GEF और ∠FGE ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
∵ AB || CD एवं GE तिर्यक रेखा है,
⇒ ∠AGE = ∠GED (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
⇒ ∠AGE = 126° [क्योंकि ∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
∵ ∠GEF + FED = ∠GED = 126° [∵ ∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠GEF + 90° = 126° [∵ EF ⊥ CD (दिया है) ⇒ ∠FED = 90°]
⇒ ∠GEF = 126° – 90° = 36°
∵ ∠FGE + ∠GED = 180° एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म]
⇒ ∠FGE + 126° = 180° [∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
∠FGE = 180° – 126° = 54°
अतः अभीष्ट ∠AGE = 126°, ∠GEF = 36° एवं ∠FGE = 54°.

प्रश्न 4.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110° और ∠RST = 130°, तो ∠ORS ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
दिया है : PQ || ST, ∠RST = 130°, ∠PQR = 110°
ज्ञात करना है : ∠ORS का मान। रचना : बिन्दु R से होकर किरण RX || ST खींचिए।

उपपत्ति: ∵ PQ || ST (दिया है)
∵ RX || ST (रचना से)
⇒ PQ || ST || RX
∵ ST || RX एवं SR तिर्यक रेखा है ∠SRX + ∠RST = 180° [एक ही ओर के अन्त:कोणों का युग्म है]
⇒ ∠SRX + 130° = 180° [∠RST = 130° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠SRX = 180° – 130° = 50°
∵ PQ || RX एवं QR तिर्यक रेखा है
⇒ ∠QRX = ∠PQR = 110° [एकान्तर कोण हैं एवं ∠PQR = 110° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠QRS + ∠SRX = 110° [∵ ∠QRX= ∠QRS + ∠SRX]
⇒ ∠QRS + 50° = 110° [∵ ∠SRX = 50° ज्ञात कर चुके हैं।
⇒ ∠QRS = 110° – 50° = 60°
अतः अभीष्ट कोण ∠QRS = 60°.

प्रश्न 5.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि AB || CD, ∠APQ = 50°, और ∠PRD = 127° है, तो x और y ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
∵ AB || CD को तिर्यक रेखा PQ प्रतिच्छेद करती है
⇒ ∠PQR = ∠APQ (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
⇒ x = 50° [∵ ∠PQR = x एवं ∠APQ = 50° (दिया है)]
∵ APQR की भुजा QR बिन्दु D तक बढ़ी है
⇒ ∠PQR + ∠QPR = ∠PRD [∵ किसी त्रिभुज का बहिष्कोण सम्मुख अन्त:कोणों के योग के बराबर होता है]
⇒ 50° + y = 127° [∵ ∠PQR = x = 50 ज्ञात कर चुके हैं ∠QPR = y एवं ∠PRD = 127° (दिए हैं)]
⇒ y = 127° – 50° = 77°
अतः x एवं y के अभीष्ट मान क्रमश: 50° एवं 77° हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
संलग्न चित्र में PQ और RS दो दर्पण हैं जो एक-दूसरे के समान्तर रखे गए हैं। एक आपतन किरण (Incident Ray) AB दर्पण PQ से B पर टकराती है और परावर्तित किरण (Reflected Ray) पथ BC पर चलकर दर्पण RS +-T से C पर टकराती है तथा पुनः CD के अनुदिश परावर्तित हो जाती है। सिद्ध कीजिए कि AB || CD है।


हल:
∵ दर्पण PQ के बिन्दु B पर आपतित किरण AB एवं परावर्तित किरण BC है।
⇒ ∠PBA = ∠QBC …(1) (परावर्तन के नियम से)
∵ दर्पण RS के बिन्दु C पर आपतित किरण BC एवं परावर्तित किरण CD है।
⇒ ∠BCR = ∠DCS …(2) (परावर्तन के नियम से)
∵ PQ || RS को तिर्यक रेखा BC बिन्दुओं B एवं C पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है।
⇒ ∠QBC = ∠BCR …(3) (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
∵ ∠PBA + ∠ABC + ∠QBC = ∠BCR + ∠BCD + ∠DCS = 180° …(4)
(∵ रेखा के एक बिन्दु पर एक ही ओर के कोणों का योग = 180°)
∵ ∠PBA = ∠QBC = ∠BCR = ∠DCS [समीकरण (1), (2) एवं (3) से]
⇒ ∠PBA + ∠QBC = ∠BCR + ∠DCS …(5)
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BCD [समीकरण (4) – समीकरण (5) से]
लेकिन ये एकान्तर कोण है
अतः AB || CD. इति सिद्धम्

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Map: Reading and Numbering

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Which element is related in proportion to distance in a map?
(a) Scale
(b) Use of color
(c) Grid of Latitudes and Longitudes
(d) Use of conventional signs
Answer:
(a) Scale

Question 2.
Which is not a type of map?
(a) Physical map of Kerala
(b) Political map
(c) Sketch map of India
(d) Distribution map
Answer:
(c) Sketch map of India

Question 3.
Which scale is a Representative Fraction (R.F.)?
(a) One inch is equal to ten miles
(b) 1 cm = 1 km
(c) One cm for ten km.
(d) 1:10,000
Answer:
(b) 1 cm = 1 km

Question 4.
Conventional signs are certified by
(a) Central Information Department
(b) Indian Constitution
(c) Survey Department
(d) Parliament of India.
Answer:
(c) Survey Department

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (d) Industries and trade
2. (c) Administrative boundaries
3. (a) Land Features
4. (b) Town & Country planning

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a map?
Answer:
A map is a representation of selected features of the whole earth or a part of it on a plane surface, with conventional signs, drawn to a scale and projection so that each and every point corresponds to the actual terrestrial position.

Question 2.
Write the important elements of a map.
Answer:
The important elements of a map are:

• Direction
• Title and sub-title
• Conventional signs.

Question 3.
Name different types of scale.
Answer:

• Statement scale
• Linear scale.

Question 4.
What is represented by a physical map?
Answer:
A physical map shows the physical features of the region, for example, hills, mountains, rivers, plain, plateaus etc.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between a sketch map and a map.
Answer:
There are certain points which are necessary in a geographical map called elements of a map. Without these elements (direction, title and sub – title and conventional signs) a map is incomplete and we call it a Sketch map. A map possesses all these elements.

Question 2.
What is the importance of scale in a map?
Answer:
map cannot be drawn without a scale. It is not possible to. draw a map of the whole earth surface on a paper because finding a huge paper is difficult. To draw a suitable map we use scale, according to which some topographic features are drawn on a plane paper in a map. There is a ratio between the distance of two points on a map and the distance between the corresponding points on the actual ground. This ratio is known as scale.

Question 3.
What is Representative Fraction?
Answer:
Scale of a map may also be indicated by a fraction called the Representative Fraction (R,F.) in which numerator is 1. The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator indicates the actual distances on the ground.

For example, the R.F. of a map indicates as 1/1,000,000 or 1 : 100,000. This means one unit of distance on the map is equal to 1,00,000 units on the ground. The unit may be measure of length. Thus the R.F. is independent of any particular unit of measurement. If the R.F. of map is 1:100,000 it means that the scale of a map is 1 cm to 100,000 cm or 1 km.

Question 4.
Explain statement scale.
Answer:
Scale presented in the form of a statement like 1 cm to 10 km. is called statement scale. This scale shows that 1 cm represents a distance of 10 km. on the ground.

Question 5.
What is the utility of interpretation of a map?
Answer:
We can collect sufficient information of an area from its map by interpretation. We can know about the physical features present in the area depicted in the map. For example, water bodies, hills etc. We can also know about the means of transport – like rail routes, air-routes, roads etc. that join the given area with other places.

Question 6.
What are contour lines?
Answer:
1. Contour Lines. They are imaginary lines drawn on a map. They join places having the same elevation or height above the sea level. These lines are best suited to depict the relief feature – the delineation of hills and plains and distinguishing of high grounds and low grounds.

If so many contour lines are drawn, say showing areas with heights of 400, 600, 800, 1000 feet above sea level, then it is possible to know the shape of the land. But the contour lines have some defects also. They give the height above the sea-level but not the actual height. Moreover, they do not help us in determining certain other features of the geographical data. In this regard their scope is limited.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types of maps are there on the basis of utility?
Answer:
Maps drawn on the basis of utility may be classified into four parts:
1. Physical Map:
On these maps relief features like mountains, plateau, plains, valleys etc. are shown by different colors as brown, yellow and green according to contour lines. As mountainous regions are shown with dark brown color in the given map of Madhya Pradesh.

2. Political Map:
These maps show different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc. Physical and cultural features are also sometimes seen in the background. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Administration) given in the right side you can see the location of different districts of Madhya Pradesh, their headquarters and the neighboring states of M.P.

3. Distribution Map:
These maps display the distribution of elements found on the Earth, Continent, Country or on any part of the country. Distribution of rainfall, temperature, pressure, crop production, minerals, flora, fauna, industries, trade, means of transport, population and tourist places etc. are shown on these maps. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Tourist Places) you can locate the tourist places of Madhya Pradesh.

4. Special Maps:
These maps are drawn for some special purpose and are used for specific information. This includes many types of maps as – Relief Map, Geological Map, City Planning Map, Weather Map, Ocean Route and Air Route Map, Military Map, etc.

Question 2.
What are maps? Write the importance of maps.
Answer:
A map is a representation of selected features of the whole earth or a part of it on a plane surface, with conventional signs, drawn to a scale and projection so that each and every point corresponds to the actual terrestrial position.

Importance of Maps:
Importance of maps is increasing in recent times because of the following reasons:

• Any part of the earth surface can be studied with the help of a map.
• It is a technique of representing a fact in an interesting manner and in brief.
• Map is a language of social science which can be under¬stood in every country.
• A lot of information is provided by the maps in short period of time.
• Map is an authentic document to solve the boundary dispute between two adjacent countries.
• Topographical maps are used in regional planning.
• Maps help in the economic development of a region by showing the location of the available resources on the map.
• Maps are useful for State Reorganization Commission when the boundary of the new state, district or tensile is marked.
• Topographical maps are most important for military purposes. At the time of war maps are useful for soldiers.
• Maps are very useful in Tourism Industry showing tourist places and routes.
• Maps are also useful in other sciences like Climatology, Oceanography, Botany, Political Science, History, Geology etc.

Question 3.
Explain numbering of maps.
Answer:
The maps of our country are made by National Survey of India. Its head office is in Dehradoon (Uttaranchal). Numbering on map is very essential and useful.

Question 4.
Explain the types of maps on the basis of utility.
Answer:
Maps drawn on the basis of utility may be classified into four parts:
1. Physical Map:
On these maps relief features like mountains, plateau, plains, valleys etc. are shown by different colors as brown, yellow and green according to contour lines. As mountainous regions are shown with dark brown color in the given map of Madhya Pradesh.

2. Political Map:
These maps show different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc. Physical and cultural features are also sometimes seen in the background. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Administration) given in the right side you can see the location of different districts of Madhya Pradesh, their headquarters and the neighboring states of M.P.

3. Distribution Map:
These maps display the distribution of elements found on the Earth, Continent, Country or on any part of the country. Distribution of rainfall, temperature, pressure, crop production, minerals, flora, fauna, industries, trade, means of trans¬port, population and tourist places etc. are shown on these maps. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Tourist Places) you can locate the tourist places of Madhya Pradesh.

4. Special Maps:
These maps are drawn for some special purpose and are used for specif information. This includes many types of maps as – Relief Map, Geological Map, City Planning Map, Weather Map, Ocean Route and Air Route Map, Military Map, etc.

Questions Related To Development Of Skills

Question 1.
If the distance between two places is 5 cm and the actual distance between the same places on the ground is 5 km. Then what would be the scale?
Answer:

Question 2.
Identify and name the relief features in the given contour maps.

Answer:
(a) Conical hills
(b) Plateau
(c) Lake
(d) River Valley

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
(i) Usually low lands are indicated by shades of –
(a) Brown
(b) Yellow
(c) Green
(d) Grey
Answer:
(c) Green

Question 2.
Heights are indicated in –
(a) Meters
(b) Feet
(c) Meters or feet
(d) Inches.
Answer:
(c) Meters or feet

Question 3.
The head office of National Survey of India is in –
(a) Dehradoon
(b) Nainital
(c) Delhi
(d) Gwalior
Answer:
(a) Dehradoon

Question 4.
On the basis of utility maps are classified into –
(a) Five parts
(b) Four parts
(c) Three parts
(d) Nine parts.
Answer:
(b) Four parts

Question 5.
Which one is not a land form?
(a) Mountains
(b) Plateau
(c) Plains
(d) Wall
Answer:
(d) Wall

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (c) Round
2. (d) Projection
3. (a) Knowledge of social science is obtained.
4. (b) Conical mountain.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where can we see maps?
Answer:
We can see maps in the books, atlases and on the walls.

Question 2.
What is map projection?
Answer:
Map projection is a systematic drawing of parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude (graticule) on a plane paper or cloth for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale.

Question 3.
What are conventional signs?
Answer:
There are certain standard signs and symbols to represent the topographical features (mountains, plateau, rivers, etc.) on the map known as conventional signs.

Question 4.
What does a political map show?
Answer:
A political map shows different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc.

Question 5.
What is known as Representation of Relief Features?
Answer:
The three dimensional presentation of various relief features is known as Representation of Relief Features.

Question 6.
What is Datun Plane?
Answer:
The height of the contour lines is measured from the mean sea level. This level is known as Datun Plane.

Question 7.
How are higher elevations represented?
Answer:
Higher elevations are represented by shades of yellow, brown, red and violet.

Question 8.
If contour lines are-closer, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If contour lines are closer it indicates a steep slope.

Question 9.
If contour lines are widely spaced, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If contour lines are widely spaced it indicates gentle slope.

Question 10.
What are known as topographical sheets?
Answer:
The maps in which the relief and other features are represented by conventional signs and symbols are known as topographical sheets.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the importance of a scale’?
Answer:
Scale is the most important item in the study of maps:

• With the help of scale, we can represent large areas in a reduced shape and size.
• Without a scale, a map is simply a diagram or sketch. A , map is meaningless without scale.
• We can measure the distance between two paints on the map without going to the field.
• A map can be reduced or enlarged with the help of a scale.

Question 2.
What do you mean by conventional signs? Show the following by conventional signs.

1. Temple,
2. Metalled road,
3. Post Office
4. Broad guage rail line
5. Settlement

Answer:
The topographical features like mountains, plateau, plains, rivers, and man – made structures like settlements, railway path, roads etc. are shown with the help of pictures in the map. They are called conventional signs.

Question 3.
Write short note on ’Layer co-louring’
Answer:
This is a very common method of showing distribution of relief over a wide area. Atlases and wall maps follow this method almost universally. The color scheme adopted in showing the relief or elevation is almost uniformly followed everywhere. The sea is colored blue. Usually deep blue indicated deep sea and light blue stands for shallow sea. Low lying areas are shown in deep f green and as the land rises in elevation, light green, light brown, dark brown, crimson red and white are used in the ascending order.

Question 4.
What are distribution maps? Name its types. Give examples.
Answer:
Distribution maps show the distribution of an element in the form of value, intensity or density. These are of two types – Qualitative and Quantitative. Vegetation maps and Soils maps are Qualitative maps, whereas population maps are Quantitative maps. Population distribution is shown with the help of dots. Each dot represents a specific number of persons.

Question 5.
Explain clearly the difference between the contour pat-terns of a conical hill, a plateau, a ridge and a valley.
Answer:

• Conical Hill – Contours are concentric circles drawn at uniform interval.
• Plateau – The top of left flat without contours; on the sides, contours are closed.
• Ridge – Contours are elongated circles.
• Valley – Contours are inverted V’ shaped.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In what ways is the scale represented on a map?
Answer:
There are different methods of representing scale on a map.

1. By a Statement:
The scale, in this method is expressed by a statement. This means that the scale is stated in words such as 1 centimeter to 1 kilometer. This scale would be interpreted as one centimeter on the map corresponds to one kilometer on the surface of the earth. The reason is that this indication of scale would be understood by only those who are familiar with particular unit of measurement.

2. By a Representative Fraction (R.F.):
Scale of a map may also be indicated by a fraction called the Representative Fraction – (R.F.) in which numerator is 1. The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator indicated the actual distance on the ground.

For example, the R.F. of a map indicates as 1/1,00,000 or 1 : 100,000. This means one unit of distance on the map is equal to 100,000 units on the ground. Hie unit may be measured of length. Thus the R.F. is independent of any particular unit of measurement. If the R.F. of map is 1 : 100,000 it means that the scale of a map is 1 cm to 100,000 cm or 1 km.

3. By Linear Scale:
The linear scale is a line conveniently divided and sub-divided so that the distance on the map can be directly measured and read out from the map in term of distances on the ground in kilometers. Linear scales are used to measure actual distances between different places on the map.

Question 2.
What are conventional signs? Draw some important conventional signs.
Answer:
Conventional Symbols (Signs) of towns, villages, buildings, railway lines, roads, trees etc. are big features. It is extremely difficult to draw on a map the actual shape and size of these features. Therefore, we use various symbols to show them on the map. All the countries use the same symbol for a particular feature.

These symbols are recognized all the world over and are called Conventional Symbols or Conventional Signs. These symbols are very useful in understanding the features of the lands shown on the map. Roads, towns, buildings, etc. are shown in red color. Black lines show railways. Rivers, canals, tanks, lakes and other water bodies are shown is blue color.

Question 3.
Write in detail on ‘Representation of Relief Features.’
Answer:
The surface of the earth is not same everywhere. It has various land forms like mountains, plateau, plains, rivers, valleys etc. The three – dimensional presentation of various relief features is known as Representation-of Relief Features. The height or a depth of a place is measured from the sea level. The imaginary lines joining places having the same elevation above or below the sea level are called contour lines and measured from the mean sea level.

This level is known as Datum Plane. The height at this plane is considered as zero and with reference to this base line the height of the place is measured. In small scale maps like wall maps and atlas maps, relief features are indicated by a scheme of graded colors. Each latitudinal zone is indicated by a particular color. Usually low lands are indicated by shades of green. Higher elevations are represented by shades of yellow, brown, red and violet.

Snow capped peaks are shown as white or left uncolored. Heights are indicated in meters or feet. Depth of the.sea is shown by varying shades of blue. Darker shades indicate greater depth in the Ocean. Means the highest part (mountains) or the deepest part (Oceans) should be indicated by the darker shades and less deeper parts is represented by lighter shades. In this way relief features like mountains, plateau and plains are represented.

On large scale maps, like topographic maps relief features are shown by contour lines. In the maps places of same height above sea level are shown by contour lines. Contour lines are based on a detailed survey of heights of several places in an area. The heights of each one of these places is marked on a map and contour lines are drawn by interpolation. These lines are drawn at definite intervals such as 20, 50 or 100 meters.

It should always be in numbers ending with zero. Spacing of contours gives an idea of the slope or gradient. If contour lines are closer, it indicates a steep slope and gentle slope is indicated when on tours are widely spaced. Contour diagrams of some of the mator land forms are given in the figure which will help you understanding the slopes. The contour diagrams of slopes, hill, plateau, escarpment, cliff, river valley and lake are different from each other.

Mark the following in the outline map of India
Question 1.

1. Standard Parallel 83°30
2. Satpura Ranges
3. River Ganga
4. Western Ghats
5. Delhi.

Answer:

Question 2.
Show the following areas on the outline map of India –

1. Karakoram range, Satpura (2008, 09, 10), Aravali range . (2008), Nathuia Pass (2012).
2. Shivalik range (2006), Vindhyachal mountain ranges (2010, 12).
3. Highest peak of Himalaya in India (Mount Everest) (2009).
4. Chhotanagpur Plateau, Mahadev Ranges (2010).
5. Ganga (2008, 09), Tapti, Krishna river (208, 09), Brahmaputra, Kaveri, Narmada (2008, 09).
6. Thar desert (208, 09).
7. Godavari river (2007), Mahanadi (2008).
8. Chilka lake (2009).
9. Arabian sea (2008, 09), (x) Himalaya (2012).

Answer:

Question 3.
Show the following areas on the outline map of India:

1. Delhi (2008, 09), Visakhapatnam, Bhilai, Bhopal (2008, 09, 12), Chennai (2009), Mumbai (2008, 09), Ahmedabad, Kochi, Indore, Lucknow and Kolkata.
2. Rice producing area.
3. Area of maximum rainfall (Cherapunji).
4. Bay of Bengal (2008, 09).

Answer:

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

 

MP Board Class 9th Special English Grammar Type III

1. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentence in your answer sh^bt against, the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)
Gopal Bhar asked / so upset / he was / the minister / why Gopal Bhar asked the minister why he was so upset.

(a) The minister told / that the Nawab / had set / Gopal / task / him an impossible
(b) Then Gopal / to ask the Nawab / to give him / this difficult task / and one year / a minion rupees / to complete / told the minister
(c) Gopal promised / after one year / that he would / with the results / the minister / go to the Nawab.
(d) themes / timeless / such / this / because / are / is /
(e) stories / a / all / nave been / animal / favourite / groups / with / age /
(f) young / very / humanised / the / stories / animal / like /
Answer:
(a) The minister told Gopal that the Nawab had set him an impossible task.
(b) Then Gopal told the minister to ask the Nawab to give him a million rupees and one year to complete this difficult task.
(c) Gopal promised the minister that he would go to the Nawab after one year with the results.
(d) This is because such themes are timeless.
(e) Animal stories have been a favorite with all age groups.
(f) The young like very humanised animal stories.

2. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentence in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)

The minister / an impossible task / he was upset / had set him / told Gopal / because the Nawab. The minister told Gopal he was upset because the Nawab had set him an impossible task.

(a) Gopal told / this difficult task / to tell tire Nawab / to complete / one year / the minister / that it would take
(b) He also asked / a lot of work / for a million rupees / as there was / to be done / the minister to ask / for expenses
(c) Gopal promised / after one year / that he would / with the results / the minister / go to the Nawab.
(d) holidays / their / children / this / the / is / refrain / hear / during /
(e) one / since / in / summer / worse / are / things / play / cannot / sun / in / the /
(f) hands / condemned / on / their / the / to / indoors / a lot of time / children / rest / are / with /
Answer:
(a) Gopal told the minister to tell the Nawab that it would take one year to complete this difficult task.
(b) He also asked the minister to ask for a million rupees for expenses as there was a lot of work to be done.
(c) Gopal promised the minister that he would go to the Nawab with the results after one year.
(d) This is the refrain children hear during their holidays.
(e) In summer things are worse since one cannot play in the sun.
(f) The children are condemned to rest indoors with a lot of time on their hands.

3. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)

thought / very good advice / the holy man / Rama’s mother / her / had given. Rama’s mother thought the holy man had given her very good advice.
(a) his last chance / him / it was / after telling / to the temple / Rama’s mother sent / him off
(b) Kali / in her most / before him / took pity / on him and / awe-inspiring form / appeared
(c) burst / at the frightening form / into laughter / took one look / and / Rama
(d) can kill / electric shock / as
(e) in / every year / people / this way / die ;
(f) can kill / even / of current / a small / amount
Answer:
(a) Rama’s mother sent him off to the temple after telling him it was his last chance.
(b) Kali took pity on him and appeared before him in her most awe inspiring form.
(c) Rama took one look at the frightening form and burst into laughter.
(d) As electric shock can kill.
(e) Every year people die in this way.
(f) Even a small amount of current can kill.

4. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentence in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)
Gopal Bhar asked / so upset / he was / the minister / why Gopal Bhar asked the minister why he was so upset.
(a) The minister told / that the Nawab / had let / Gopal / task / him an impossible
(b) Then Gopal / to ask the Nawab / to give him / this difficult task / and one year / a million rupees / to complete / told the minister
(c) Gopal promised / after one year / that he would / with the results / the minister / go to the Nawab.
(d) themes / timeless / such / this / because / are / is /
(e) stories / a / all / have been / animal / favourite / groups / with / age /
(f) young / very / humanised / the / stories / animal / like /
Answer:
(a) The minister told Gopal that the Nawab had set him an impossible task.
(b) Then Gopal told the minister to ask the Nawab to give him a million rupees and one year to complete this difficult task.
(c) Gopal promised the minister that he would go to the Nawab after one year with the results.
(d) This is because such themes are timeless.
(e) Animal stories have beep, a favourite with all age groups.
(f) The young like very humanised animal stories.

5. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sehtences in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)
Rama’s / advice / decided / mother / the Guru’s / to follow / and sent him / to pray / to the temple Rama’s mother decided to follow the Guru’s advice and sent him to the temple to pray.

(a) to obey / Rama decided / his mother / this time / very hard / for a long time, / and prayed
(b) about a week / Kali appeared / after / before him and / many heads / she looked awe-inspiring / with her / and hands
(c) of feeling frightened / saw her / instead / he burst / when Rama / into laughter
(d) became / Anna Sewell / and / an / lived / invalid / life / of / the / same as a child /
(e) “Black Beauty” / of / the / end / written / was / towards / life / her /
(f) to introduce / was / an / horse / of / aim / understanding treatment /
Answer:
(a) Rama decided to obey his mother this time and prayed very hard for a long time.
(b) After about a week Kali appeared before him and she looked aweinspiring with her many heads and hands.
(c) When Rama saw her instead of feeling frightened he burst into laughter.
(d) Anna Sewell became an invalid and lived the life same as a child.
(e) “Black Beauty “ was written towards the end of her life.
(f) Aim was to introduce horse of an understanding treatment.

6. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentence in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)
Rama’s / seriously / to the temple / to pray / spoke to him / mother / and sent him Rama’s mother spoke to him seriously and sent him to the temple to pray.

(a) this time / to heart / mother’s words / made / something / Rama / take his
(b) her glory / sincere prayers / Kali heard / and appeared / in all / Rama’s / before him
(c) unexpectedly, / instead of / laugh uncontrollably. / inspiring awe / made Rama / her form
(d) and see / I’ve made / come / what
(e) Please / a picture / fell me / you’ve made / who it is / oh I see
(f) this man / He lives / recognise / house / in our / can’t ! you \
Answer:
(a) Something made Rama take his mother’s words to heart this time.
(b) Kali heard Rama’s sincere prayers and appeared before him in all her glory.
(c) Unexpectedly, her form instead of inspiring awe made Rama, laugh uncontrollably.
(d) Come and see what I’ve made.
(e) Oh, I see, You’ve made a picture. Please tell me who it is.
(f) Can’t-you recognise this man. He lives in our house.

7. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences to complete the description given. The first one has been done as an example for you. Write the correct sentences in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. (3 marks)

Thomas Nuttall / a / successfully / botanist / studied / pioneer / of / N.W. America / the flora. Thomas Nuttal a pioneer botanist studied the flora of N.W. America successfully.

(a) in the world / he / least / the / successful / perhaps / however / explorer / was
(b) on his / almost / he spent / all / expeditions / his time / lost / permanently
(c) one night / to return / was / a search party / when / sent out / failed / he
(d) as / approached / the party / him / they / were / Indians / Nuttal / assumed
(e) tried / annoyed his / to escape / bush and river / he / over / rescuers
(f) he / wandered / the camp / into / accidentally / three days / finally / after
Answer:
(a) However he was perhaps the least successful explorer in the world.
(b) Permanently, he spe+ t all his time on his lost expeditions.
(c) One night when he failed to return a search party was sent out.
(d) As the party approached him Nuttal assumed they were IndiAnswer:
(e) He tried to escape over bush and river annoyed his rescuers.
(f) Finally after three days he wandered into the camp accidentally.

8. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. Write the correct sentences in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. The first one has been done as an example. (2 Marks)
spent / trying / years / to perfect / Elias Howe / a sewing machine. Elias Howe spent years trying to perfect a sewing machine.

(a) he / that / had been / by / captured / one night / a tribe / dreamed / he
(b) told / would have / he / he / to produce / was / in a day / the sewing machine
(c) speared / could not / if / he / would be / he / by / the tribe
(d) failed / when / the tribesmen / he / surrounded / with raised spears / him / that had / at fhe tips / holes
(e) suddenly / he / Howe / as / woke up / to / the / solution / saw / his / problem
(f) the hole / the tip / at / of / had / to work / the needle / to be / the machine / for
Answer:
(a) One night he dreamed that he had been captured by a tribe.
(b) He was told he would have to produce the sewing machine in a day.
(c) If he could not, he would be speared by the tribe.
(d) When he failed the tribesmen surrounded him with raised spears that had holes at the tips.
(e) As he woke up suddenly Howe saw the solution to his problem.
(f) The hole had to be at the tip of the needle for the machine to work.

9. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentence in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)
Gopal Bhar / was / the matter / the minister / what / asked Gopal Bhar asked the minister what the matter was.
(a) The minister told / the Nawab’s / Gopal about / demands / im-possible
(b) Then Gopal / asked the minister / to give him / this difficult task / and one year / a million rupees / to finish / to request the Nawab
(c) Gopal promised / after one year / to the Nawab / himself / to go / with die results
(d) is heard / is dialled / when / the dial tone / required number / the
(e) at the other end / , / picked / when / into / the / the receiver / a / one rupee coin / is / is / dropped / slit / provided.
(f) go / the / can / on / conversation / three minutes / for
Answer:
(a) The minister told Gopal about the Nawqb’s impossible demands.
(b) Then Gopal asked the minister to request the Nawab to give him a million rupees and one year to finish this difficult task.
(c) Gopal promised to go to the Nawab himself with the results after one year.
(d) When the dial tone is heard the required number is dialled. ,
(e) When the receiver is picked at the other end, a one rupee coin is dropped into the slit provided.
(j) The conversation can go on for three minutes.

10. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example. Write the correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)
are / eating / birds / small / wagtails / insect Wagtails are small insect eating birds.
(a) to / are closely / they / related / pipits.
(b) needle like / bill / is / its / are / the / and / feet / with / developed / well / toes / long ?
(c) eight / of / wagtail / there / about / are / species
(d) shrunk / vast lands / father / explained / her / that / olive trees / family’s / one / the / had / to / to / square kilometre / of /
(e) his / slipped into / the driver / highway / the / blue truck / on / headed / and /
(f) his / swirling / moments / snow / was / within / around / vehicle /
Answer:
(a) They are closely related to pipits.
(b) Its / eef and toes are well developed with the bill long needle like,
(c) T / zere are about eight species of wagtails.
(d) Father explained to her that family’s vast lands of the olive trees had shrunk to one square kilometre.
(e) The driver slipped into his blue truck and headed on the highway,
(f) His vehicle was swirling around snow within moments.

11. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentences in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)

retailer/ice-cream / to tell / the Swad / has a story The Swad ice-cream retailer has a story to tell.
(a) is a / ice-cream / that / tough business / selling / he feels
(b) now-a-days / in the market / there are just / selling / too many brands / ice-creams / of
(cl there were / varieties / just two or three / different / a decade ago / to choose from
(d) try / some people / a new brand / who / come back / again and again / for it
(e) it’s the King cones / hot cakes / sell like / that
(f) some brands / customers / favoured by / there are / which are not / however
Answer:
(a) He feels that selling ice-cream is a tough business.
(b) Now-a-days there are just too many brands of ice-creams selling market.
(c) A decade ago there were just two or three different varieties to choose from.
(d) Some people who try a new brand come back again and again for it.
(e) It’s the King cones that sell like hot cakes.
(f) However there are some brands which are not favored by customers.

12. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the sentence in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. (1/2 x 6 = 3 Marks)

the / oil plight / Tanzanians / would / like / know / the / you / about / to. Would you like to know about the plight of the Tanzanians?
(a) Africa / in / Tanzanians / literacy rate / the / have / highest
(b) read / hardly / have / to A they / anything / but
(c) the / and / are / costs / soaring / paper / the / the / interest rates / reasons / of
(d) have / they / standstill / the / to / a / brought / publishing industry
(e) is heard / is dialled / when / the dial tone / required number / the
(f) at the other end / picked / when / into / the / the receiver / a / bne rupee coin / is / is / dropped / slit / provided.
Answer:
(a) In Africa, Tanzanians have the highest literacy rate.
(b) But they hardly have anything to read.
(c) The reasons are the soaring costs of the paper and the interest rates.
(d) They have brought the publishing industry to a standstill.
(e) When the dial tone is heard the required number is dialed.
(f) When the receiver is picked at the other end, a one rupee coin is dropped into the provided slot.

MP Board Class 9th English Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Special English Grammar Type I

A variety of short questions involving the use of particular structures within a context (i.e. not in isolated sentences) Test type used will include, for example, gap-filling, cloze (gap filling exercise with blanks at regular intervals) sentence completion, sentence-reordering, editing, dialogue. Completion and sentence transformation, Not all elements in the grammar syllabus can be included in the question paper every year.

However, questions will be distributed over the following three broad areas: verb forms, sentence structure and others.

1. The following paragraph has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the s correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (1/2 x 8 = 4 marks)

Lila’s favourite subject in school was maths. She enjoys e.g. enjoy …………… enjoyed
solving problems, and was enthusiastic
for new problems (a)
done in class. But a lot many of her
friends found maths (b)
extremely difficult, and until they
thought it was a (c)
difficult subject they saw no point to work at it. (d)
Maths was the very least popular
subject in class. (e)
Then Lila decided to help three of her friend. She was (f)
patient and good in explaining things.
Her friends realised (g)
that maths is easy if they paid attention. (h)
Answer:
(a) for ………………… about
(b) lot many ………………… lot
(c) until ………………… till
(d) at ………………… on
(e) very least ………………… least
(f) friend ………………… friends
(g) in ………………… at
(f) is ………………… was

2. The following paragraph has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (4 marks)

The Band-Aid was invented in New Jersey. e.g. enjoy ………… invented
Dickson was fretted as his wife
Josephine, cut (a)
herself again and again on
working in the (b)
kitchen. One day while he
was wrapping his (c)
wound once again on a bulky
bandage of gauze (d)
and tape, he was struck by a idea.
He put some (e)
gauze on a strip of the medical
tape and a (f)
Band-Aid was born. Billion of cuts
and scrapes (g)
later the Band-Aid is celebrating
it’s 75th birthday. (h)
Answer:
(a) fretted ………………… fretting
(b) on ………………… while
(c) his ………………… her
(d) on ………………… with
(ie) a ………………… an
(f) a ………………… the
(g) Billion ………………… Billions
(h) it’s ………………… its

3. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have have supplied. (1/2 x 8 = 4 marks)

Longer before Newton. Aristotle and Galileo e.g. Longer ………… Long
have done a lot of research on the subject (a)
of gravity, Aristotle stating that a (b)
heavier object need fall to the Earth (c)
fastest than a lighter one. Legend has (d)
it that Galileo disproved those theories by (e)
throwing down objects with different weights (f)
from a Leaning tower of Pisa and (g)
proved that it took practically the (h)
same time to hit the ground.
Answer:
(a) have ……………….. had
(b) stating ……………….. stated
(c) need ……………….. needn’t
(d) fastest ……………….. fluster
(e) those ……………….. this
(f) with ……………….. Of
(g) a ……………….. the
(h) it ……………….. they

4. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied.

Tests and examination are not
confined to school alone, e.g. examination …………………….. examinations
They are widely used at various (a)
Government and non-Government
level, (b)
Business and industry to is
using tests, (c)
Tests are used of the selection of
candidates (d)
and in some case they are one of
the criteria of (e)
s’ction. The success of a doctor is
tested àt his skill (f)
in diagnosis and cure. If he pass
this test (g)
his patient are extremely happy
aboutit. (h)
Answer:
(a) use …………………….. used
(b) level …………………….. levels
(c) is …………………….. are
(d) of …………………….. for
(e) case …………………….. cases
(f) lat …………………….. by
(g) pass …………………….. passes
(h) patient …………………….. patients

5. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied.

Mahatma Gandhi did not set out as evolve a e.g., as ……….. to
philosophy of life or formulate a system (a)
of beliefs or ideals. He had either the (b)
inclination nor the time for do so. (c)
He had, however, firm faith about truth (d)
and ahimsa and its practical application (e)
to life. They are said to be the (f)
constitute of his (g)
teachings and philosophies, (h)
Answer:
(a) of ………………………… for
(b) either ………………………… neither
(c) for ………………………… to
(d) about ………………………… in
(e) its ………………………… their
(f) They ………………………… These
(g) constitute ………………………… constituents
(h) philosophies ………………………… philosophy

6. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied.

More of the fun and excitement in your life comes e.g, More ………… Much
from use your senses. Senses open up a (a)
world who is full of sights, sounds, smells, (b)
tastes and dungs to touch. The
sharp your senses and the (c)
more you use it, more enjoyable each (d)
of this world’s become for you. (e)
For instant, a painter can see shades (f)
and shapes which little gifted (g)
people could not see. (h)
Answer:
(a) use ……………………… using
(c)the ……………………… that
(e) become ……………………… becomes
(g) little ……………………… less
(b) who ……………………… which
(d) i ……………………… them
(f) instant ……………………… instance
(h) could ……………………… can

7. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the cor¬rection in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word your have supplied.

Ha’nophilia arc one of the several e.g., is ………… are
sex linked genetic disorders which effects (a)
only males. This is because the disorders is (b)
caused with a.defective gene of the
X-chromosome. (c)
As the result, blood does not dot and
there is a (d)
risk for heavy bleeding even from
minor cuts (e)
and ihjuries. The disease is not affect
females, (f)
becatbe, from the two X-chromosomes
if one has (g)
the defective gene, then the other
do produce (h)
enough clotting factor.
Answer:
(a) effects …………………………. affects
(b) disorders …………………………. disorder
(c) with …………………………. by
(d) the …………………………. a
(e) for …………………………. of
(f) is …………………………. does
(g) from …………………………. between
(h) do …………………………. an

8. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied. (½ x 8 = 4 Marks)

Even if Indians have a long history e.g. if ……… though
on them, they have a poor (a)
knowledge in maintaining homes, (b)
toilets, draperies on fridges. (c)
Modern detergents and soaps is (d)
very common in shelves, but (e)
people does not use them regularly, (j)
This cause the increase (g)
in a life of bacteria and viruses, (h)
Answer:
(a) on ……………………… behind
(b) in ……………………… about/of
(c) on ……………………… and
(d) is ……………………… are
(e) in ……………………… on
(f) does ……………………… do
(g) cause ……………………… causes
(h) a ……………………… the

9. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you supplied.

All life on earth can ultimately is e./g.. is ……… be
traced back on the sea. Creatures (a)
‘with limbs or fingers rather than (b)
Fins has evolved from fishes (c)
about 335 million years before, (d)
which remain a mystery. The new (e)
fossil find in a rock formation
near Scotland (j)
provides one of the few clues to
what has been (g)
happening on these 30 million years, (h)
Answer:
(a) on ………………………….. to
(b) or ………………………….. and
(c) has ………………………….. have
(d) before ………………………….. ago
(e) remain ………………………….. remains
(f) find ………………………….. found
(g) clue ………………………….. clues
(h) on ………………………….. over

10. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word your have supplied.

Life was not as it seems to be. e.g., was …….. is
It is full of- up and downs, (a)
The grass always looks greener on the other side. (b)
We have a habit to grumbling, (c)
We are ever satisfied, (d)
We make our lives misery (e)
by expecting too much from everyone, (f)
This is what we face disappointment, (g)
So never expect anything and be happy, (h)
Answer:
(a) up ………………………… ups
(b) look ………………………… looks
(c) to ………………………… of
(d) ever ………………………… never
(e) misery ………………………… miserable
(f) expect ………………………… expecting
(g) what ………………………… why
(h) nothing ………………………… anything

11. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (4 marks)
Ì’hanks to the current interest -for fitness e.g. for …………. in
and health that peoples are taking. (a)
In each locality, we find this da’s (b)
some centres and clubs is springing (c)
up and they are doing well in their (d)
new venture. But fortunately they (e)
are not within easy reach for all. (f)
Their fee are high and the centres (g)
suffer from lack in equipment and
many other essential services (h)
Answer:
(a) peoples ……………………. people
(b) this ……………………. these
(c) is ……………………. are
(d) do ……………………. doing
(e) fortunately ……………………. unfortunately
(f) all ……………………. many
(g) fee ……………………. fees
(h) in ……………………. of

12. That following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (½ x 8 = 4 Marks)

Rama was the boy from Tenali. 1-. e.g. the ……… a
loves to play pranks and didn’t take (a)
nothing seriously. His mother didn’t (b)
know what to do on him. She was sure (c)
he could be unable to do well in life. (d)
She hear that there was a wise man (e)
at the village. She told an holy man (f)
she was fed up with her son. She ask (g)
him to din any sense into Rama. (h)
Ans.
(a) loves …………………… loved
(b) nothing …………………… anything
(c) on …………………… with
(d) could …………………… would
(e) hear had …………………… heard
(f)an …………………… the
(g) ask …………………… asked
(h) any …………………… some

13. The following paragraph has not been edited. There is one mistake in each lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank numbei. Remember to underline the word you have supplied.

Rama lived in a village of Tenali. He loved e.g. a ……….. the
to play pranks and was always jokes. He (a)
refused to study but take anything seriously, (b)
His mother didn’t not know what to do (c)
with him. She feel he never would be (d)
enable to make something of himself. (e)
One day she take him to see a guru. She (f)
told the guru that he had had enough (g)
of her son. She asked him to get the
sense into Rama. (h)
Answer:
(a) jokes …………………….. joking
(b) but …………………….. or
(c) didn’t …………………….. did
(d) feel …………………….. felt
(e) enable …………………….. able
(f) take …………………….. took
(g) he …………………….. she
(h) the …………………….. some

14. The following passage has not been edited: There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (½ x 8 = 4 Marks)

Rama was a naughty boy that lived e.g. that ……… who
in the village of Tenali. Her mother (a)
did not know what to do at him (b)
since he refused to study or did any (c)
work One day she take him to see (d)
a guru. She told an holy man (e)
that she were washing her hands (f)
off her son since he should (g)
make something about him. (h)
Answer:
(a) Her ………………………. his
(b) at ………………………. with
(c) did ………………………. do
(d) take ………………………. took
(e) an ………………………. the
(f) were ………………………. was
(e) since ………………………. and
(h) about ………………………. of

15. The following paragraph has not been edited. Thre is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (4 marks)

One day, the Nawab sent to his e.g. to ………. for
minister and asking him to (a)
measure the length into (b)
breadth of an entire earth (c)
from end to end but side to (d)
side. He also wished that a (e)
minister shoüld count all the (f)
star in the sky. The minister (g)
felt the Nawab was being too unfair to him. (h)
Answer:
(a) asking ……………………. asked
(b) into ……………………. and
(a) an ……………………. the
(d) but ……………………. and
(e) a ……………………. the
(f) should ……………………. could
(g) star ……………………. stars
(h) felt ……………………. feels

16. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you

One moing, the Nawab call e.g. call …….. called
his minister and said to him (a)
that I wanted the length and (b)
breadth from the whole earth (c)
measured. He also to feel the (d)
need to have the stars in whole (e)
sky counted. The minister says (f)
that the task he have been (g)
set being impossible. (h)
Answer:
(a) said ……………………. told
(b) I ……………………. he
(c)from ……………………. of
(d) to ……………………. feel
(e) whole ……………………. the
(f) says ……………………. said
(g) have ……………………. had
(h) being ……………………. was

17. The ìillowing paragraph has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in ýour answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. (½ x 8 = 4 Marks)

When our earth was cover with water,
all creatures had to e.g. cover ……… cyere
swim on it. When the water subsided
and land appeared (a)
the sea creatures crawled out and
learnt to breathe (b)
and walk on land. When there are not
enough plants left to (c)
eat, they learnt to hunt and kill for the
food. Things are still (d)
changing and if one want to survive,
you will have to change (e)
too. Look even Mumbai has changed.
Fifty years past there (f)
were hill, gardens, beautiful villas where
now you see shops, (g)
traffics, crowds and slums, (h)
Answer:
(a) on ……………………. in
(b) breathing ……………………. to breathe
(c) are ……………………. were
(d) the ……………………. their
(e) one ……………………. you
(f) past ……………………. ago
(g) hill ……………………. hills
(h) traffics, crowds ……………………. traffic, crowd

18. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each of the lines. Write the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied. (1/2 x 8 = 4 Marks)

One day, the Nawab sent words e.g. words ……… word
to his minister that I wanted (a)
entire earth measured from (b)
side to side and of end to end. (c)
He would also great appreciate (d)
it, if the minister count the (e)
stars and the sky as well. The (f)
minister say it was impossible, (g)
no one will do such a thing. (h)
Answer:
(a) I …………………….. He
(b) a …………………….. the
(c) of …………………….. from
(d) great …………………….. greatly
(e) of …………………….. from
(f) great …………………….. greatly
(g) of …………………….. from
(h) great …………………….. greatly

MP Board Class 9th English Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Science Solutions Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 204

Question 1.
What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Answer:
We get carbohydrates from cereals and proteins from pulses. Fruits and vegetables give us lots of vitamins and minerals.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 205

Question 1.
How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Answer:
Biotic factors like pests, insects etc. reduce the crop production. Pests harm crops by feeding over them. Weeds also reduce crop productivity by competing with the main crop for nutrients and light. Abiotic factors like wind, rain, temperature etc. impact the overall crop production. For example, droughts and floods almost completely destroy the whole crop of a particular area.

Question 2.
What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements?
Answer:
The desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements are:

1. Tallness and profuse branching in any fodder crop.
2. Dwarf characteristics in cereals.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 206

Question 1.
What are macro – nutrients and why are they called macro – nutrients?
Answer:
Macro – nutrients are those nutrients which are required in large quantities for growth and development of plants. Since they are required in large quantities, they are known as macro – nutrients. The six macro – nutrients required by plants are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur.

Question 2.
How do plants get nutrients?
Answer:
Plants consume nutrients from air, water and soil. Soil is one of the important sources of nutrients. Plants get thirteen nutrients from soil. The remaining three nutrients (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) are obtained from air and water.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 207

Question 1.
Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Answer:
Manures are biodegradable substances which increase soil fertility by enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients as it is prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant wastes.

On the other hand, fertilizers are mostly artificially developed inorganic compounds whose excessive use is harmful to ecosystems components and soil fertility. Hence, fertilizers are considered good only for short term use.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 208

Question 1.
Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits? Why?
(а) Farmers use high – quality seeds, do not adopt irrigation or use fertilizers.
(b) Farmers use ordinary seeds, adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Answer:
(c) Farmers using good quality seeds, adopting irrigation, using fertilizers and using crop protection measures will get most benefits.
Reasons are as follows:

1. Increases the total crop production as good quality seeds, then a majority of the seeds will germinate properly, and will grow into a healthy plants.
2. Proper irrigation will improve the water availability to crops.
3. Fertilizers promote high growth and development in plants by providing the essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.
4. Crop protection measures include various methods to control weeds, pests and infectious agents.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 209

Question 1.
Why should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred for protecting crops?
Answer:
Preventive measures and biological control methods should be preferred for protecting crops because excessive use of chemicals leads to environmental problems. Biological methods harm neither crops nor environment.

Question 2.
What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Answer:
Factors causing loss of grains during storage:

1. Biotic Factors: Insects, rodents, fungi and bacteria etc.
2. Abiotic Factors: moisture content and temperature etc.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 210

Question 1.
Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Answer:
Cross breeding is commonly used for improving cattle breeds. Cross breeding between two good varieties of cattle will produce a new improved variety. For example, the cross between foreign breeds such as Jersey Brown, Swiss and Indian breeds such as Red Sindhi, Sahiwal produces a new variety having qualities of both breeds.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 211

Question 1.
Discuss the implications of the following statement: “It is interesting to note that poultry is India’s most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff (which is unfit for human consumption) into highly nutritious animal protein food.”
Answer:
Poultry in India is the most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff in nutritious animal protein food. In poultry farming, domestic fowls are raised to produce eggs and chicken. For this, the fowls are given animal feeds in the form of roughage, which mainly consists of fibres. Thus, by feeding animals a fibre rich diet, the poultry gives highly nutritious food in the form of eggs and chicken.

Question 2.
What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Answer:
Common management practices in dairy and poultry farming are:

1. Proper shelter facilities and their regular cleaning.
2. Some basic hygienic conditions such as clean water, nutritious food etc.
3. Animals are kept in spacious, airy and ventilated place.
4. Prevention and cure of diseases at the right time is ensured.

Question 3.
What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
Answer:
Layers are meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat. Nutritional, environmental and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers. A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.

Improvement in Food Resources Intext Questions Page No. 213

Question 1.
How are fish obtained?
Answer:
Fish can be obtained by two ways:

1. Capture fishing: It is the process of obtaining fish from natural resources.
2. Culture fishery: It is the practice of farming fishes. Farming can be done in both freshwater ecosystem (which includes river water, pond water) and marine ecosystem.

Question 2.
What are the advantages of composite fish culture?
Answer:
The advantages of composite fish culture are:

1. Fish can be grown in crop fields especially paddy.
2. Intensive fish farming is possible because plenty of water is available during crop seasons.
3. In this system, both local and imported fish species can be cultivated.

Question 3.
What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?
Answer:
Bee varieties having the following desirable characters are suitable for honey production:

1. They should yield high quantity of honey.
2. They should not sting much.
3. They should stay in the beehive for long durations.
4. They should breed very well.

Question 4.
What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Answer:
Pasturage is the availability of flowers from which bees collect nectar and pollen. It is related to the production of honey as it determines the taste and quantity of honey.

Improvement in Food Resources NCERT Textbook Exercises

Question 1.
Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Answer:
Inter – cropping method ensures high yield of crop production. It is a practice of growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field in rows. In inter – cropping, definite row patterns are followed such as one row of main crop is followed by two rows of inter – crop. In inter – cropping, there is a greater utilisation of the inter – spaced area, light, nutrients, water and air. As a result, productivity per unit area is increased.

Question 2.
Why are manures and fertilizers used in fields?
Answer:
Manures and fertilizers are used in fields to enrich the soil with the required nutrients. Manure helps in enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients. This improves the fertility and structure of the soil. On the other hand, fertilizers ensure a healthy growth and development in plants. They are a good source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. To get an optimum yield, it is instructed to use a balanced . combination of manures and fertilizers in the soil.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Answer:
Inter – cropping and crop rotation, both are used to get maximum benefit on limited land. Inter – cropping helps in preventing pests and diseases to spread throughout the field. It also increases soil fertility, whereas crop rotation prevents soil depletion, increases soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. Both of these methods reduce the need for fertilizers. They also helps in controlling weeds and the growth of pathogens and pests in crops.

Question 4.
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Answer:
Genetic manipulation is a process where the gene for a particular character is introduced inside the chromosome of a cell. When the gene for a particular character is introduced in a plant cell, a transgenic plant is produced. These transgenic plants exhibit characters governed by the newly introduced gene.

Genetic manipulation is useful in developing varieties with higher yield, good quality, biotic and abiotic resistance, short maturity period, wider adaptability and desirable agronomic characteristics.

Question 5.
How do storage grain losses occur?
Answer:
There are many biotic and abiotic factors that harm stored grains and result in degradation, poor germinability, discolouration etc. which leads to storage grain losses. Biotic factors like insects or pests cause direct damage by feeding on seeds.

They also deteriorate and contaminate the grain, making it unfit for further consumption.  Abiotic factors such as temperature, light, moisture etc., also affect storage food. They decrease the germinating ability of the seeds and make them unfit for future use by farmers. Unpredictable occurrence of droughts and floods also causes destruction of crops.

Question 6.
How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
Answer:
Cattle farming is one of the methods of animal husbandry that is most beneficial for farmers. Better breeds of draught animals can be produced. Such draught animals are engaged in agricultural fields for labour such as carting, irrigation, tilling, etc.

Question 7.
What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Answer:
Benefits of cattle farming:

1. Good quality and quantity of dairy products can be produced.
2. Draught labour animals can be raised for agricultural work.
3. New breed of animals that are resistant to diseases can be raised by crossing two breeds with the desired traits.

Question 8.
For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee – keeping?
Answer:
Proper management techniques are the common factors for increasing production in poultry, fisheries and bee keeping. Regular cleaning of farms is of importance. Also, maintenance of temperature and prevention and cure of diseases in farming is also required to increase the growth of animals.

Question 9.
How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture?
Answer:

1. Capture fishing is the method to obtain fishes from natural resources like rivers, ponds, waterfalls etc.
2. Mariculture is the culture of marine fishes for commercial use.
3. Aquaculture involves the production of aquatic animals that are of high economic value such as prawns, lobsters, fishes, crabs etc.

Improvement in Food Resources Additional Questions

Improvement in Food Resources Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which one is an oil yielding plant among the following?
(a) Lentil
(b) Sunflower
(c) Cauliflower
(d) Hibiscus.
Answer:
(b) Sunflower

Question 2.
Which one is not a source of carbohydrate?
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Sorghum
(d) Gram.
Answer:
(d) Gram.

Question 3.
Find out the wrong statement from the following:
(a) White revolution is meant for increase in milk production.
(b) Blue revolution is meant for increase in fish production.
(c) Increasing food production without compromising with environmental quality is called as sustainable agriculture.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(d) None of the above.

Question 4.
To solve the food problem of the country, which among the following is necessary?
(a) Increased production and storage of food grains.
(b) Easy access of people to the food grain.
(c) People should have money to purchase the grains.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 5.
Find out the correct sentence.
(i) Hybridisation means crossing between genetically dissimilar plants.
(ii) Cross between two varieties is called as inter specific hybridisation.
(iii) Introducing genes of desired character into a plant gives genetically modified crop.
(iv) Cross between plants of two species is called as inter varietal hybridisation.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv).
Answer:
(a) (i) and (ii)

Question 6.
Weeds affect the crop plants by
(a) killing of plants in field before they grow.
(b) dominating the plants to grow.
(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients.
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(c) competing for various resources of crops (plants) causing low availability of nutrients.

Question 7.
Which one of the following species of honey bee is an Italian species?
(a) Apis dorsata
(b) Apis florae
(c) Apis cerana indica
(d) Apis mellifera.
Answer:
(d) Apis mellifera.

Question 8.
Find out the correct sentence about manure
(ii) Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients.
(ii) It increases the water holding capacity of sandy soil.
(iii) It helps in draining out of excess of water from clayey soil.
(iv) Its excessive use pollutes environment because it is made of animal excretory waste.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv).
Answer:
(b) (i) and (ii)

Question 9.
Cattle husbandry is done for the following purposes:
(i) Milk production
(ii) Agricultural work
(iii) Meat production
(iv) Egg production.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv).
Answer:
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Question 10.
Which of the following are Indian cattle?
(i) Bos indicus
(ii) Bos domestica
(iii) Bos bubalis
(iv) Bos vulgaris.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv).
Answer:
(a) (i) and (iii)

Question 11.
Which of the following are exotic breeds?
(i) Brawn
(ii) Jersey
(iii) Brown Swiss
(iv) Jersey Swiss.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv).
Answer:
(b) (ii) and (iii)

Question 12.
Poultry farming is undertaken to raise the following:
(a) Egg production
(b) Feather production
(c) Chicken meat
(d) Milk production.
Answer:
(a) Egg production

Question 13.
Poultry fowl are susceptible to the following pathogens:
(a) Viruses
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungi
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 14.
Which one of the following fishes is a surface feeder?
(a) Rohus
(b) Mrigals
(c) Common carps
(d) Catlas.
Answer:
(d) Catlas.

Question 15.
Animal husbandry is the scientific management of ___________ .
(i) animal breeding
(ii) culture of animals
(iii) animal livestock
(iv) rearing of animals
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv).
Answer:
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv).

Improvement in Food Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Match the column A with the column B

Answer:
(a) (ii)
(b) (iii)
(c) (i)
(d) (iv).

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.

1. Pigeon pea is a good source of ___________ .
2. Berseem is an important ___________ crop.
3. The crops which are grown in rainy season are called ___________ crops.
4. ___________ are rich in vitamins.
5. ___________ crop grows in winter season.

Answer:

1. protein
2. fodder
3. Kharif
4. vegetables
5. Rabi.

Question 3.
State any one importance of photoperiod in agriculture.
Answer:
Photoperiod is important for growth of plants and flowering.

Question 4.
What are desirable traits for fodder crop?
Answer:

1. Profused branching.
2. Tall Plants.

Question 5.
White revolution in India has made us self – sufficient in a product. Name it.
Answer:
Milk.

Improvement in Food Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a GM crop? Name any one such crop which is grown in India.
Answer:
Crop developed artificially with the help of modern biotechnology to obtain the desired character is called as genetically modified(GM) crop. But, cotton and egg plant are examples of GM crops which are resistant to many harming biological factors.

Question 2.
List out some useful traits in improved crop.
Answer:
Useful traits in improved crops are as follows:

1. better yield.
2. improved quality.
3. resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.
4. better adaptability.
5. better economically.

Question 3.
Why is organic matter important for crop production?
Answer:
Organic matter is important for crops because a fertile and healthy soil is the basis for healthy plant’s growth and soil organic matter works as a foundation for healthy and productive soils.
It helps soil by:

1. improving soil structure.
2. increasing water holding capacity of soil.
3. drainage and in avoiding water logging.
4. giving shelter to number of animals which also improve soil’s nutrients value.

Question 4.
Why is excessive use of fertilizers detrimental for environment?
Answer:
Excessive use of fertilizers is harmful because it is artificial in origin and accumulate in biological cycle and disturb its balance which causes environmental pollution as their residual and unused amounts will become pollutants for air, water and soil.

Question 5.
Give one word for the following:

1. Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is known as ___________ .
2. Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as ___________ .
3. Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as ___________ .
4. Growing different crops on a piece of land in preplanned succession is known as ___________ .
5. Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as ___________ .
6. Causal organism of any disease is called as

Answer:

1. organic farming
2. mixed farming
3. inter – cropping
4. crop rotation
5. weeds
6. pathogens

Question 6.
Match the following A and B:

(A)	(B)
(a) Cattle used for tilling and carting	(i) Milk producing female
(b) Indian breed of chicken	(ii) Broiler
(c) Sahiwal, Red Sindhi	(iii) Draught animals
(d) Milch	(iv) Local breed of cattle
(e) Chicken better fed for obtaining	(v) Aseel

Answer:
(a) (iii)
(b) (v)
(c) (iv)
(d) (i)
(e) (ii).

Question 7.
Define the term hybridization and photoperiod.
Answer:

1. Hybridization: Hybridization is the process in which two genetically different individuals are crossed to result generally into an individual with a desired trait.
2. Photoperiod: Photoperiod in plants is defined as the developmental responses towards the comparative lengths of light and dark periods in its region.

Question 8.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Photoperiod affects the ___________ .
2. Kharif crops are cultivated from ___________ to ___________ .
3. Rabi crops are cultivated from ___________ to ___________ .
4. Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are ___________ crops.
5. Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are ___________ crops.

Answer:

1. flowering
2. June to October
3. November to March,
4. Kharif
5. Rabi

Question 9.
Cultivation practices and crop yield are related to environmental condition. Yes/No? Give reasons.
Answer:
Environmental conditions are the components which influence plant growth and genetic factors. Environmental factors include everything in our surrounding i.e. air, water, temperature, atmospheric pressure, surrounding gases etc. When we cultivate any plant or consider crop growth, we check all the above environmental factors before sowing. Hence yes, cultivation practices and crop yield are related to environmental condition.

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks:

1. A total of ___________ nutrients are essential to plants.
2. ___________ and ___________ are supplied by air to plants.
3. ___________ is supplied by water to plants.
4. Soil supplies ___________ nutrients to plants.
5. nutrients are required in large quantity and called as ___________ .
6. nutrients are needed in small quantity for plants and are called ___________ .

Answer:

1. sixteen
2. Oxygen and carbon
3. Hydrogen
4. thirteen
5. Six, macro – nutrients
6. Seven, micronutrients

Improvement in Food Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define:

1. Vermicompost
2. Green manure
3. Bio fertilizer.

Answer:

1. Vermicompost: Vermicomposting is the process in which worms and micro – organisms are used to turn organic waste into a black, earthy – smelling, nutrient – rich humus.
2. Green manure: When crop or plant that is grown and then intentionally plowed under to improve the underlying soil, it is called green manure.
3. Bio fertilizer: Fertilizer created from biological components as small plants.

Question 2.
Discuss various methods for weed control.
Answer:
Unwanted plants which grow along with crops are called weeds. They compete with the crop plants for light, water, space and minerals, and harm their growth and yield. Some of them produce poisonous substances which can harm the growth of the crop or poison the produce.

Removing weeds from a field is called weeding. It can be done Manually or by using an implement like a trowel, hoe or rake. A third way of getting rid of weeds is by spraying chemicals called weedicides. These chemicals destroy the weeds but not the crop plants.

Improvement in Food Resources Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Question 1.
Why should our food contain cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Answer:

1. Cereals provide carbohydrates for energy requirements.
2. Pulses give proteins.
3. Fruits and vegetables provide various vitamins and minerals.

Question 2.
Why moisture level of food grains should be checked before their storage?
Answer:
Before storage, moisture level of food grains should not be more than 9% otherwise growth of micro – organisms (bacteria and fungi) will take place causing either discolouration or complete spoilage of food grains.

Improvement in Food Resources Value Based Questions

Question 1.
A group of Eco Club students made a compost pit in the school. They collected all bio – degradable waste from the school canteen and used it to prepare the compost

1. Name two waste that can be used for the compost and two wastes obtained from canteen which cannot be used for the compost making.
2. What is the other important compound required for making the compost?
3. State the values of Eco Club students.

Answer:

1. Two waste used for compost are vegetable peels, fruit peels and pulps. Two waste materials that cannot be used as compost are pickels and curd.
2. Bacteria present in soil are used as component for making compost.
3. Eco club students reflect the value of group workers and responsible citizens.

Question 2.
In a poultry farm, large number of birds died. Farm owner was unable to identify the reason and thought someone has done it intentionally. Aryan living nearby his farm noticed that the conditions in the farm were very unhygienic and poor ventilation was there.

1. What do you think can be the reason for these deaths?
2. What measures can be followed to prevent this in future?
3. What values are shown by Aryan?

Answer:

1. The conditions of the farm were unhygienic and ventilation was also poor. These may be the possible reasons.
2. These conditions should be improved. Proper food, hygiene practices and good ventilation should be there to prevent this.
3. The values of awareness and carefullness are shown by Aryan.

MP Board Class 9th Science Solutions