Class 9

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Map: Reading and Numbering

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Which element is related in proportion to distance in a map?
(a) Scale
(b) Use of color
(c) Grid of Latitudes and Longitudes
(d) Use of conventional signs
Answer:
(a) Scale

Question 2.
Which is not a type of map?
(a) Physical map of Kerala
(b) Political map
(c) Sketch map of India
(d) Distribution map
Answer:
(c) Sketch map of India

Question 3.
Which scale is a Representative Fraction (R.F.)?
(a) One inch is equal to ten miles
(b) 1 cm = 1 km
(c) One cm for ten km.
(d) 1:10,000
Answer:
(b) 1 cm = 1 km

Question 4.
Conventional signs are certified by
(a) Central Information Department
(b) Indian Constitution
(c) Survey Department
(d) Parliament of India.
Answer:
(c) Survey Department

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (d) Industries and trade
2. (c) Administrative boundaries
3. (a) Land Features
4. (b) Town & Country planning

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a map?
Answer:
A map is a representation of selected features of the whole earth or a part of it on a plane surface, with conventional signs, drawn to a scale and projection so that each and every point corresponds to the actual terrestrial position.

Question 2.
Write the important elements of a map.
Answer:
The important elements of a map are:

• Direction
• Title and sub-title
• Conventional signs.

Question 3.
Name different types of scale.
Answer:

• Statement scale
• Linear scale.

Question 4.
What is represented by a physical map?
Answer:
A physical map shows the physical features of the region, for example, hills, mountains, rivers, plain, plateaus etc.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between a sketch map and a map.
Answer:
There are certain points which are necessary in a geographical map called elements of a map. Without these elements (direction, title and sub – title and conventional signs) a map is incomplete and we call it a Sketch map. A map possesses all these elements.

Question 2.
What is the importance of scale in a map?
Answer:
map cannot be drawn without a scale. It is not possible to. draw a map of the whole earth surface on a paper because finding a huge paper is difficult. To draw a suitable map we use scale, according to which some topographic features are drawn on a plane paper in a map. There is a ratio between the distance of two points on a map and the distance between the corresponding points on the actual ground. This ratio is known as scale.

Question 3.
What is Representative Fraction?
Answer:
Scale of a map may also be indicated by a fraction called the Representative Fraction (R,F.) in which numerator is 1. The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator indicates the actual distances on the ground.

For example, the R.F. of a map indicates as 1/1,000,000 or 1 : 100,000. This means one unit of distance on the map is equal to 1,00,000 units on the ground. The unit may be measure of length. Thus the R.F. is independent of any particular unit of measurement. If the R.F. of map is 1:100,000 it means that the scale of a map is 1 cm to 100,000 cm or 1 km.

Question 4.
Explain statement scale.
Answer:
Scale presented in the form of a statement like 1 cm to 10 km. is called statement scale. This scale shows that 1 cm represents a distance of 10 km. on the ground.

Question 5.
What is the utility of interpretation of a map?
Answer:
We can collect sufficient information of an area from its map by interpretation. We can know about the physical features present in the area depicted in the map. For example, water bodies, hills etc. We can also know about the means of transport – like rail routes, air-routes, roads etc. that join the given area with other places.

Question 6.
What are contour lines?
Answer:
1. Contour Lines. They are imaginary lines drawn on a map. They join places having the same elevation or height above the sea level. These lines are best suited to depict the relief feature – the delineation of hills and plains and distinguishing of high grounds and low grounds.

If so many contour lines are drawn, say showing areas with heights of 400, 600, 800, 1000 feet above sea level, then it is possible to know the shape of the land. But the contour lines have some defects also. They give the height above the sea-level but not the actual height. Moreover, they do not help us in determining certain other features of the geographical data. In this regard their scope is limited.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types of maps are there on the basis of utility?
Answer:
Maps drawn on the basis of utility may be classified into four parts:
1. Physical Map:
On these maps relief features like mountains, plateau, plains, valleys etc. are shown by different colors as brown, yellow and green according to contour lines. As mountainous regions are shown with dark brown color in the given map of Madhya Pradesh.

2. Political Map:
These maps show different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc. Physical and cultural features are also sometimes seen in the background. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Administration) given in the right side you can see the location of different districts of Madhya Pradesh, their headquarters and the neighboring states of M.P.

3. Distribution Map:
These maps display the distribution of elements found on the Earth, Continent, Country or on any part of the country. Distribution of rainfall, temperature, pressure, crop production, minerals, flora, fauna, industries, trade, means of transport, population and tourist places etc. are shown on these maps. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Tourist Places) you can locate the tourist places of Madhya Pradesh.

4. Special Maps:
These maps are drawn for some special purpose and are used for specific information. This includes many types of maps as – Relief Map, Geological Map, City Planning Map, Weather Map, Ocean Route and Air Route Map, Military Map, etc.

Question 2.
What are maps? Write the importance of maps.
Answer:
A map is a representation of selected features of the whole earth or a part of it on a plane surface, with conventional signs, drawn to a scale and projection so that each and every point corresponds to the actual terrestrial position.

Importance of Maps:
Importance of maps is increasing in recent times because of the following reasons:

• Any part of the earth surface can be studied with the help of a map.
• It is a technique of representing a fact in an interesting manner and in brief.
• Map is a language of social science which can be under¬stood in every country.
• A lot of information is provided by the maps in short period of time.
• Map is an authentic document to solve the boundary dispute between two adjacent countries.
• Topographical maps are used in regional planning.
• Maps help in the economic development of a region by showing the location of the available resources on the map.
• Maps are useful for State Reorganization Commission when the boundary of the new state, district or tensile is marked.
• Topographical maps are most important for military purposes. At the time of war maps are useful for soldiers.
• Maps are very useful in Tourism Industry showing tourist places and routes.
• Maps are also useful in other sciences like Climatology, Oceanography, Botany, Political Science, History, Geology etc.

Question 3.
Explain numbering of maps.
Answer:
The maps of our country are made by National Survey of India. Its head office is in Dehradoon (Uttaranchal). Numbering on map is very essential and useful.

Question 4.
Explain the types of maps on the basis of utility.
Answer:
Maps drawn on the basis of utility may be classified into four parts:
1. Physical Map:
On these maps relief features like mountains, plateau, plains, valleys etc. are shown by different colors as brown, yellow and green according to contour lines. As mountainous regions are shown with dark brown color in the given map of Madhya Pradesh.

2. Political Map:
These maps show different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc. Physical and cultural features are also sometimes seen in the background. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Administration) given in the right side you can see the location of different districts of Madhya Pradesh, their headquarters and the neighboring states of M.P.

3. Distribution Map:
These maps display the distribution of elements found on the Earth, Continent, Country or on any part of the country. Distribution of rainfall, temperature, pressure, crop production, minerals, flora, fauna, industries, trade, means of trans¬port, population and tourist places etc. are shown on these maps. In the map (Madhya Pradesh : Tourist Places) you can locate the tourist places of Madhya Pradesh.

4. Special Maps:
These maps are drawn for some special purpose and are used for specif information. This includes many types of maps as – Relief Map, Geological Map, City Planning Map, Weather Map, Ocean Route and Air Route Map, Military Map, etc.

Questions Related To Development Of Skills

Question 1.
If the distance between two places is 5 cm and the actual distance between the same places on the ground is 5 km. Then what would be the scale?
Answer:

Question 2.
Identify and name the relief features in the given contour maps.

Answer:
(a) Conical hills
(b) Plateau
(c) Lake
(d) River Valley

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
(i) Usually low lands are indicated by shades of –
(a) Brown
(b) Yellow
(c) Green
(d) Grey
Answer:
(c) Green

Question 2.
Heights are indicated in –
(a) Meters
(b) Feet
(c) Meters or feet
(d) Inches.
Answer:
(c) Meters or feet

Question 3.
The head office of National Survey of India is in –
(a) Dehradoon
(b) Nainital
(c) Delhi
(d) Gwalior
Answer:
(a) Dehradoon

Question 4.
On the basis of utility maps are classified into –
(a) Five parts
(b) Four parts
(c) Three parts
(d) Nine parts.
Answer:
(b) Four parts

Question 5.
Which one is not a land form?
(a) Mountains
(b) Plateau
(c) Plains
(d) Wall
Answer:
(d) Wall

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (c) Round
2. (d) Projection
3. (a) Knowledge of social science is obtained.
4. (b) Conical mountain.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where can we see maps?
Answer:
We can see maps in the books, atlases and on the walls.

Question 2.
What is map projection?
Answer:
Map projection is a systematic drawing of parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitude (graticule) on a plane paper or cloth for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale.

Question 3.
What are conventional signs?
Answer:
There are certain standard signs and symbols to represent the topographical features (mountains, plateau, rivers, etc.) on the map known as conventional signs.

Question 4.
What does a political map show?
Answer:
A political map shows different countries, their administrative units, capitals, cities, transportation routes etc.

Question 5.
What is known as Representation of Relief Features?
Answer:
The three dimensional presentation of various relief features is known as Representation of Relief Features.

Question 6.
What is Datun Plane?
Answer:
The height of the contour lines is measured from the mean sea level. This level is known as Datun Plane.

Question 7.
How are higher elevations represented?
Answer:
Higher elevations are represented by shades of yellow, brown, red and violet.

Question 8.
If contour lines are-closer, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If contour lines are closer it indicates a steep slope.

Question 9.
If contour lines are widely spaced, what does it indicate?
Answer:
If contour lines are widely spaced it indicates gentle slope.

Question 10.
What are known as topographical sheets?
Answer:
The maps in which the relief and other features are represented by conventional signs and symbols are known as topographical sheets.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the importance of a scale’?
Answer:
Scale is the most important item in the study of maps:

• With the help of scale, we can represent large areas in a reduced shape and size.
• Without a scale, a map is simply a diagram or sketch. A , map is meaningless without scale.
• We can measure the distance between two paints on the map without going to the field.
• A map can be reduced or enlarged with the help of a scale.

Question 2.
What do you mean by conventional signs? Show the following by conventional signs.

1. Temple,
2. Metalled road,
3. Post Office
4. Broad guage rail line
5. Settlement

Answer:
The topographical features like mountains, plateau, plains, rivers, and man – made structures like settlements, railway path, roads etc. are shown with the help of pictures in the map. They are called conventional signs.

Question 3.
Write short note on ’Layer co-louring’
Answer:
This is a very common method of showing distribution of relief over a wide area. Atlases and wall maps follow this method almost universally. The color scheme adopted in showing the relief or elevation is almost uniformly followed everywhere. The sea is colored blue. Usually deep blue indicated deep sea and light blue stands for shallow sea. Low lying areas are shown in deep f green and as the land rises in elevation, light green, light brown, dark brown, crimson red and white are used in the ascending order.

Question 4.
What are distribution maps? Name its types. Give examples.
Answer:
Distribution maps show the distribution of an element in the form of value, intensity or density. These are of two types – Qualitative and Quantitative. Vegetation maps and Soils maps are Qualitative maps, whereas population maps are Quantitative maps. Population distribution is shown with the help of dots. Each dot represents a specific number of persons.

Question 5.
Explain clearly the difference between the contour pat-terns of a conical hill, a plateau, a ridge and a valley.
Answer:

• Conical Hill – Contours are concentric circles drawn at uniform interval.
• Plateau – The top of left flat without contours; on the sides, contours are closed.
• Ridge – Contours are elongated circles.
• Valley – Contours are inverted V’ shaped.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 8 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In what ways is the scale represented on a map?
Answer:
There are different methods of representing scale on a map.

1. By a Statement:
The scale, in this method is expressed by a statement. This means that the scale is stated in words such as 1 centimeter to 1 kilometer. This scale would be interpreted as one centimeter on the map corresponds to one kilometer on the surface of the earth. The reason is that this indication of scale would be understood by only those who are familiar with particular unit of measurement.

2. By a Representative Fraction (R.F.):
Scale of a map may also be indicated by a fraction called the Representative Fraction – (R.F.) in which numerator is 1. The numerator represents the distance on the map while the denominator indicated the actual distance on the ground.

For example, the R.F. of a map indicates as 1/1,00,000 or 1 : 100,000. This means one unit of distance on the map is equal to 100,000 units on the ground. Hie unit may be measured of length. Thus the R.F. is independent of any particular unit of measurement. If the R.F. of map is 1 : 100,000 it means that the scale of a map is 1 cm to 100,000 cm or 1 km.

3. By Linear Scale:
The linear scale is a line conveniently divided and sub-divided so that the distance on the map can be directly measured and read out from the map in term of distances on the ground in kilometers. Linear scales are used to measure actual distances between different places on the map.

Question 2.
What are conventional signs? Draw some important conventional signs.
Answer:
Conventional Symbols (Signs) of towns, villages, buildings, railway lines, roads, trees etc. are big features. It is extremely difficult to draw on a map the actual shape and size of these features. Therefore, we use various symbols to show them on the map. All the countries use the same symbol for a particular feature.

These symbols are recognized all the world over and are called Conventional Symbols or Conventional Signs. These symbols are very useful in understanding the features of the lands shown on the map. Roads, towns, buildings, etc. are shown in red color. Black lines show railways. Rivers, canals, tanks, lakes and other water bodies are shown is blue color.

Question 3.
Write in detail on ‘Representation of Relief Features.’
Answer:
The surface of the earth is not same everywhere. It has various land forms like mountains, plateau, plains, rivers, valleys etc. The three – dimensional presentation of various relief features is known as Representation-of Relief Features. The height or a depth of a place is measured from the sea level. The imaginary lines joining places having the same elevation above or below the sea level are called contour lines and measured from the mean sea level.

This level is known as Datum Plane. The height at this plane is considered as zero and with reference to this base line the height of the place is measured. In small scale maps like wall maps and atlas maps, relief features are indicated by a scheme of graded colors. Each latitudinal zone is indicated by a particular color. Usually low lands are indicated by shades of green. Higher elevations are represented by shades of yellow, brown, red and violet.

Snow capped peaks are shown as white or left uncolored. Heights are indicated in meters or feet. Depth of the.sea is shown by varying shades of blue. Darker shades indicate greater depth in the Ocean. Means the highest part (mountains) or the deepest part (Oceans) should be indicated by the darker shades and less deeper parts is represented by lighter shades. In this way relief features like mountains, plateau and plains are represented.

On large scale maps, like topographic maps relief features are shown by contour lines. In the maps places of same height above sea level are shown by contour lines. Contour lines are based on a detailed survey of heights of several places in an area. The heights of each one of these places is marked on a map and contour lines are drawn by interpolation. These lines are drawn at definite intervals such as 20, 50 or 100 meters.

It should always be in numbers ending with zero. Spacing of contours gives an idea of the slope or gradient. If contour lines are closer, it indicates a steep slope and gentle slope is indicated when on tours are widely spaced. Contour diagrams of some of the mator land forms are given in the figure which will help you understanding the slopes. The contour diagrams of slopes, hill, plateau, escarpment, cliff, river valley and lake are different from each other.

Mark the following in the outline map of India
Question 1.

1. Standard Parallel 83°30
2. Satpura Ranges
3. River Ganga
4. Western Ghats
5. Delhi.

Answer:

Question 2.
Show the following areas on the outline map of India –

1. Karakoram range, Satpura (2008, 09, 10), Aravali range . (2008), Nathuia Pass (2012).
2. Shivalik range (2006), Vindhyachal mountain ranges (2010, 12).
3. Highest peak of Himalaya in India (Mount Everest) (2009).
4. Chhotanagpur Plateau, Mahadev Ranges (2010).
5. Ganga (2008, 09), Tapti, Krishna river (208, 09), Brahmaputra, Kaveri, Narmada (2008, 09).
6. Thar desert (208, 09).
7. Godavari river (2007), Mahanadi (2008).
8. Chilka lake (2009).
9. Arabian sea (2008, 09), (x) Himalaya (2012).

Answer:

Question 3.
Show the following areas on the outline map of India:

1. Delhi (2008, 09), Visakhapatnam, Bhilai, Bhopal (2008, 09, 12), Chennai (2009), Mumbai (2008, 09), Ahmedabad, Kochi, Indore, Lucknow and Kolkata.
2. Rice producing area.
3. Area of maximum rainfall (Cherapunji).
4. Bay of Bengal (2008, 09).

Answer:

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

 

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.2

प्रश्न 1.
संलग्न चित्र में x और y के मान ज्ञात कीजिए और फिर दर्शाइए कि AB || CD है। (2018, 19)

हल:
चित्रानुसार,
∵ x° + 50° = 180° (कोणों का रैखिक युग्म है)
⇒ x = 180° – 50° = 130°
∵ y = 130° (शीर्षाभिमुख कोण हैं) …(2)
⇒ x = y = 130° [समीकरण (1) एवं (2) से]
लेकिन ये एकान्तर अन्तः कोण हैं।
अतः AB || CD. इति सिद्धम्

प्रश्न 2.
संलग्न चित्र में AB || CD, CD || EF और y : z = 3 : 7 हैं, तो x का मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
माना AB || CD एवं CD || EF को तिर्यक रेखा बिन्दु P, Q, R पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है। जहाँ,
∠APQ = x, ∠PQC = y Td ∠QRF = z (दिया है)
∵ ∠DQR = ∠PQC = y (शीर्षाभिमुख कोण हैं) …(1)
∵ ∠DQR + ∠QRF = 180° [एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म है]

∴ x + y = 180° (एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म है)
⇒ x + 54° = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 54° = 126° [∵ y = 54° समीकरण (3) से]
अतः x का अभीष्ट मान = 126°.

प्रश्न 3.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD और ∠GED = 126° है, तो ∠AGE, ∠GEF और ∠FGE ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
∵ AB || CD एवं GE तिर्यक रेखा है,
⇒ ∠AGE = ∠GED (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
⇒ ∠AGE = 126° [क्योंकि ∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
∵ ∠GEF + FED = ∠GED = 126° [∵ ∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠GEF + 90° = 126° [∵ EF ⊥ CD (दिया है) ⇒ ∠FED = 90°]
⇒ ∠GEF = 126° – 90° = 36°
∵ ∠FGE + ∠GED = 180° एक ही ओर के अन्तः कोणों का युग्म]
⇒ ∠FGE + 126° = 180° [∠GED = 126° (दिया है)]
∠FGE = 180° – 126° = 54°
अतः अभीष्ट ∠AGE = 126°, ∠GEF = 36° एवं ∠FGE = 54°.

प्रश्न 4.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110° और ∠RST = 130°, तो ∠ORS ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
दिया है : PQ || ST, ∠RST = 130°, ∠PQR = 110°
ज्ञात करना है : ∠ORS का मान। रचना : बिन्दु R से होकर किरण RX || ST खींचिए।

उपपत्ति: ∵ PQ || ST (दिया है)
∵ RX || ST (रचना से)
⇒ PQ || ST || RX
∵ ST || RX एवं SR तिर्यक रेखा है ∠SRX + ∠RST = 180° [एक ही ओर के अन्त:कोणों का युग्म है]
⇒ ∠SRX + 130° = 180° [∠RST = 130° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠SRX = 180° – 130° = 50°
∵ PQ || RX एवं QR तिर्यक रेखा है
⇒ ∠QRX = ∠PQR = 110° [एकान्तर कोण हैं एवं ∠PQR = 110° (दिया है)]
⇒ ∠QRS + ∠SRX = 110° [∵ ∠QRX= ∠QRS + ∠SRX]
⇒ ∠QRS + 50° = 110° [∵ ∠SRX = 50° ज्ञात कर चुके हैं।
⇒ ∠QRS = 110° – 50° = 60°
अतः अभीष्ट कोण ∠QRS = 60°.

प्रश्न 5.
संलग्न चित्र में यदि AB || CD, ∠APQ = 50°, और ∠PRD = 127° है, तो x और y ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
∵ AB || CD को तिर्यक रेखा PQ प्रतिच्छेद करती है
⇒ ∠PQR = ∠APQ (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
⇒ x = 50° [∵ ∠PQR = x एवं ∠APQ = 50° (दिया है)]
∵ APQR की भुजा QR बिन्दु D तक बढ़ी है
⇒ ∠PQR + ∠QPR = ∠PRD [∵ किसी त्रिभुज का बहिष्कोण सम्मुख अन्त:कोणों के योग के बराबर होता है]
⇒ 50° + y = 127° [∵ ∠PQR = x = 50 ज्ञात कर चुके हैं ∠QPR = y एवं ∠PRD = 127° (दिए हैं)]
⇒ y = 127° – 50° = 77°
अतः x एवं y के अभीष्ट मान क्रमश: 50° एवं 77° हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
संलग्न चित्र में PQ और RS दो दर्पण हैं जो एक-दूसरे के समान्तर रखे गए हैं। एक आपतन किरण (Incident Ray) AB दर्पण PQ से B पर टकराती है और परावर्तित किरण (Reflected Ray) पथ BC पर चलकर दर्पण RS +-T से C पर टकराती है तथा पुनः CD के अनुदिश परावर्तित हो जाती है। सिद्ध कीजिए कि AB || CD है।


हल:
∵ दर्पण PQ के बिन्दु B पर आपतित किरण AB एवं परावर्तित किरण BC है।
⇒ ∠PBA = ∠QBC …(1) (परावर्तन के नियम से)
∵ दर्पण RS के बिन्दु C पर आपतित किरण BC एवं परावर्तित किरण CD है।
⇒ ∠BCR = ∠DCS …(2) (परावर्तन के नियम से)
∵ PQ || RS को तिर्यक रेखा BC बिन्दुओं B एवं C पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है।
⇒ ∠QBC = ∠BCR …(3) (एकान्तर कोण हैं)
∵ ∠PBA + ∠ABC + ∠QBC = ∠BCR + ∠BCD + ∠DCS = 180° …(4)
(∵ रेखा के एक बिन्दु पर एक ही ओर के कोणों का योग = 180°)
∵ ∠PBA = ∠QBC = ∠BCR = ∠DCS [समीकरण (1), (2) एवं (3) से]
⇒ ∠PBA + ∠QBC = ∠BCR + ∠DCS …(5)
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BCD [समीकरण (4) – समीकरण (5) से]
लेकिन ये एकान्तर कोण है
अतः AB || CD. इति सिद्धम्

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download सामाजिक विज्ञान in both Hindi Medium and English Medium are part of MP Board Class 9th Solutions. Here we have given Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Social Science Book Solutions Samajik Vigyan Pdf.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Book Solutions in Hindi Medium

Social Science Class 9 MP Board Book Solutions Geography भूगोल

• Chapter 1 मानव एवं पर्यावरण
• Chapter 2 पर्यावरण संरक्षण के प्रयास व सफलताएँ
• Chapter 3 भारत : स्थिति एवं भौतिक विभाग
• Chapter 4 भारत : अपवाह तन्त्र
• Chapter 5 भारत : जलवायु
• Chapter 6 भारत : प्राकृतिक वनस्पति एवं वन्य जीव
• Chapter 7 भारत : जनसंख्या
• Chapter 8 मानचित्र : पठन एवं अंकन

Social Science Class 9 MP Board Guide History इतिहास

• Chapter 9 प्राचीन भारत का इतिहास
• Chapter 10 मध्यकालीन भारत
• Chapter 11 प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक प्रवृत्तियाँ

MP Board 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics नागरिकशास्त्र

• Chapter 12 प्रजातन्त्र
• Chapter 13 निर्वाचन
• Chapter 14 नागरिकों के संवैधानिक अधिकार एवं कर्त्तव्य

MP Board Social Science Book Class 9 Economics अर्थशास्त्र

• Chapter 15 ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था का विकास
• Chapter 16 गरीबी, भारत के समक्ष एक आर्थिक चुनौती
• Chapter 17 भारत में उद्योगों की स्थिति
• Chapter 18 भारत में खाद्यान्न सुरक्षा

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Book Solutions in English Medium

MP Board 9th Social Science Book Pdf In English Geography Solutions

• Chapter 1 Man and Environment
• Chapter 2 Efforts and Successes of Environmental Conservation
• Chapter 3 India: Location and Physical Divisions
• Chapter 4 India: Drainage System
• Chapter 5 India: Climate
• Chapter 6 India: Natural Vegetation and Wild Life
• Chapter 7 India: Population
• Chapter 8 Map: Reading and Numbering

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solution History Solutions

• Chapter 9 History of Ancient India
• Chapter 10 Medieval India
• Chapter 11 Major Cultural Trends

Class 9 Social Science MP Board Civics Solutions

• Chapter 12 Democracy
• Chapter 13 Election
• Chapter 14 Constitutional Rights and Duties of Citizens

MP Board 9th Class Social Science Book Economics Solutions

• Chapter 15 Growth of Rural Economy
• Chapter 16 Poverty: An Economic Challenge for India
• Chapter 17 State of Industries in India
• Chapter 18 Food Security in India

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Syllabus

इकाई 1: पर्यावरण (8 Marks)
पर्यावरण की भारतीय अवधारणा, प्राकृतिक एवं सांस्कृतिक पर्यावरण। मानव एवं पर्यावरण का सम्बन्ध तथा प्रभाव। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण के प्रकार, प्रभाव एवं निराकरण के उपाय। भूमि के बदलते उपयोगों के कारण पारिस्थितिक तन्त्र का क्षरण, इसके लिए जिम्मेदार कारण, जैसे—जनसंख्या वृद्धि, औद्योगीकरण एवं शहरीकरण, यातायात, जलीय स्थलों पर अतिक्रमण, पर्यटन हेतु सुविधाएँ, धार्मिक तीर्थ-स्थल, मनोरंजन एवं साहसिक कार्यों हेतु भूमि उपयोग, बड़े बाँधों का निर्माण, खनन एवं युद्ध। प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण के संसाधन, दोहन एवं संरक्षण।
पर्यावरण संरक्षण सम्बन्धी सफलता की कुछ कहानियाँ, जैसे-
सी.एन.जी., चिपको आन्दोलन, साइलेण्ट वैली, वाटर हार्वेस्टिंग। पर्यावरणीय प्रभाव अध्ययन (EIA) की भूमिका।

इकाई 2: भारत-स्थिति, प्राकृतिक विभाग (4 Marks)
भारत की भौगोलिक स्थिति, प्राकृतिक विभाग

इकाई 3: जलवायु एवं अपवाह तंत्र (4 Marks)
जलवायु को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक, मानसून और उसकी विशेषताएँ, वर्षा व तापमान का वितरण। मौसम तथा जलवायु का मानव जीवन पर प्रभाव। मुख्य एवं सहायक नदियाँ, झीलें एवं समुद्र, देश की अर्थव्यवस्था में नदियों की भूमिका। नदी प्रदूषण एवं नियन्त्रण के उपाय।

इकाई 4: प्राकृतिक वनस्पति एवं वन्य जीवन (4 Marks)
वनस्पति के प्रकार, ऊँचाई के अनुसार वानस्पतिक विविधता, प्रमुख वन्य जीव प्रजातियाँ और उनका वितरण, संरक्षण की आवश्यकता और विभिन्न उपाय। मध्य प्रदेश में पाये जाने वाले जीव-जन्तु, राष्ट्रीय उद्यान एवं अभ्यारण्य।

इकाई 5: जनसंख्या (5 Marks)
वितरण, लिंगानुपात, साक्षरता तथा राष्ट्रीय जनसंख्या नीति का परिचय।

इकाई 6: मानचित्र-पठन एवं अंकन (5 Marks)

इकाई 7: प्राचीन भारत (10 Marks)
सरस्वती-सिन्धु सभ्यता, वैदिक सभ्यता, मौर्यकाल, गुप्तकाल, हर्ष एवं पूर्व मध्यकाल का संक्षिप्त राजनीतिक परिचय।

इकाई 8: मध्यकालीन भारत (10 Marks)
अरब, गजनी और गौरी के आक्रमण, दिल्ली सल्तनत एवं मुगलकाल का संक्षिप्त परिचय, विजयनगर एवं बहमनी साम्राज्य, महाराणा प्रताप, रानी दुर्गावती तथा महाराजा शिवाजी का संक्षिप्त इतिहास, मुगलों का पतन।

इकाई 9: प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक प्रवृत्तियाँ (10 Marks)
प्रारम्भिक इतिहास से लेकर मुगलों के पतन तक भारत की प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक प्रवृत्तियाँ-साहित्य, चित्रकला, वास्तुकला, मूर्तिशिल्प, नृत्य, संगीत एवं अन्य ललित कलाएँ।

इकाई 10: प्रजातन्त्र की अवधारणा (6 Marks)
अर्थ एवं परिभाषा, आधारभूत सिद्धान्त, प्रकार एवं महत्व। भारत में प्रजातन्त्र का विकास-प्राचीन भारत में प्रजातन्त्र की अवधारणा, प्रजातन्त्र के लिये संविधान की आवश्यकता एवं महत्व।

इकाई 11: निर्वाचन (7 Marks)
दलीय व्यवस्था- अर्थ एवं महत्व, भारतीय चुनाव प्रक्रिया एवं चुनाव आयोग की भूमिका, मताधिकार- अर्थ एवं परिभाषा, मताधिकार प्राप्त करने की शर्ते।

इकाई 12: नागरिकों के संवैधानिक अधिकार एवं कर्तव्य (7 Marks)
संविधान द्वारा प्रदत्त मौलिक अधिकार, मौलिक कर्त्तव्य, सूचना का अधिकार।

इकाई 13: ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था का विकास (6 Marks)
प्राचीन भारत की ग्राम आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था का परिचय, आदर्श ग्राम की अवधारणा, मध्य प्रदेश के किसी ग्राम का आर्थिक अध्ययन।

इकाई 14: भारत के समक्ष आर्थिक चुनौतियाँ (8 Marks)
गरीबी-अर्थ, कारण, गरीबी निवारण के कुछ प्रमुख कार्यक्रम, विभिन्न प्रकार के ग्रामीण, लघु, मध्यम, भारी एवं आधारभूत उद्योगों की भारत में स्थिति।

इकाई 15: खाद्य सुरक्षा (6 Marks)
अनाज-भारत में अनाजों के प्रकार, खाद्य सुरक्षा क्यों? शासन एवं सहकारिता की भूमिका, लोक वितरण प्रणाली, राशन की दुकान।

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Marking Scheme

इकाई क्र.	इकाई का नाम	कालखण्ड	अंक
1.	पर्यावरण	12	08
2.	भारत: स्थिति, प्राकृतिक विभाग	06	04
3.	जलवायु एवं अपवाह तन्त्र	06	04
4.	प्राकृतिक वनस्पति एवं वन्य जीवन	05	04
5.	जनसंख्या	08	05
6.	मानचित्र-पठन एवं अंकन	05	05
7.	प्राचीन भारत	14	10
8.	मध्यकालीन भारत	14	10
9.	प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक प्रवृत्तियाँ	15	10
10.	प्रजातन्त्र की अवधारणा	10	06
11.	निर्वाचन	12	07
12.	नागरिकों के संवैधानिक अधिकार एवं कर्तव्य	14	07
13.	ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था का विकास	12	06
14.	भारत के समक्ष आर्थिक चुनौतियाँ	15	08
15.	खाद्य सुरक्षा	12	06
	पुनरावृत्ति	20	–
	कुल योग (पूर्णांक)		100

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Syllabus in English Medium

1. Man and Environment: (08 Marks)
Meaning of environment, Elements and Importance, Natural and cultural. Man and environment relationship, types and effect of environmental pollution, corrective measures. Ecological degradation and changing patterns of land use, Factors responsible for this. Population growth, Industrialisation and Urbanisation. Transport, Encroachment on water bodies. Facilities for tourism, pilgrimage, Recreation and adventure, Construction of large dams. Mining and war, Resources of Natural environment, utilization and conservation.
Some success stories of environmental conservation e.g., C.N.G., Chipko Movement, Silent Valley, Water Harvesting. Role of Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA).

2. India: Situation, Physical Division (04 Marks)
Geographical Situation of India, Physical division.

3. Climate & Drainage Pattern (04 Marks)
Factors affecting climate, Monsoon and its Characteristic, Rainfall and Temperature Distribution, Effect of Weather and Climate on Human Life.
Rivers: Major & Minor, Lakes and Seas, Role of Rivers in Economic Development of the Country, River Pollution and measures for control.

4. Natural Vegetation and Wild Life (04 Marks)
Types of Vegetation, Altitudinal Variation Vegetation, Major wildlife species, and their distribution, need & various measures for conservation Wild Animals, National Parks and Sanctuaries of Madhya Pradesh.

5. Population (05 Marks)
Distribution, Sex Ratio, Literacy & Introduction to National Population Policy.

6. Map: Study and Depiction (05 Marks)

7. Ancient India: (10 Marks)
Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Civilization, Mauryan Period, Gupta Period, Brief introduction to the political history of Harsha period.

8. Medieval India (10 Marks)
Invasion of the Arabs, Ghazni and Ghori. Delhi Sultanate and a brief introduction to the Mughal period. Vijayanagar and Bahamani Empires, a brief history of Maharana Pratap. Rani Durgawati and Maharaja Shivaji, fall of the Mughals

9. Major Cultural Trends (10 Marks)
From the early history to the fall of the Mughals. Literature, Painting. Architecture, Sculpture, Dance and Music etc.

10. Concept of Democracy (06 Marks)
Meaning and Definition, Basic Principles, Types and Importance. ,
Evolution of Democracy in India: Concept of Democracy in ancient India. Necessity & Importance of Constitution for democracy.

11. Election (07 Marks)
Party System: Meaning and Importance; Indian Electoral Process and the Role of Election Commission;
Voting rights: Meaning & Definition, Conditions for acquiring voting right.

12. Constitutional Rights and Duties of Citizen (07 Marks)
Fundamental Rights granted by the Constitution; Fundamental duties.

13. Development of Rural Economy (06 Marks)
An introduction to Village-based economy in ancient India. Concept of Ideal Village, A study of Village economy in Madhya Pradesh.

14. Economic Challenges Facing India (08 Marks)
Poverty: Meaning, Causes, Poverty alleviation Programme, Various Types of Heavy Medium, Small and Cottage Industries in India.

15. Food Security (06 Marks)
Varieties of food grains in India, Need of Food Security, Role of Government, Public distribution System and Fair Price Shops.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Marking Scheme in English Medium

Unit	Subject content/Lesson	Marks	Period
1.	Man and Environment	04	06
2.	Conservation of Environment	04	06
3.	India: Location. Physical Division	04	06
4.	Drainage System	02	02
5.	Climate	02	04
6.	Natural Vegetation and Wild Life	04	05
7.	Population	05	08
8.	Map Study and Depiction	05	05
9.	Ancient India	10	14
10.	Medieval India	10	14
11.	Major Cultural Trends	10	15
12.	Democracy	06	10
13.	Election	07	12
14.	Constitutional Rights and Duties of Citizens	07	14
15.	Rural Economy	06	12
16.	Poverty: An Economic challenge for India	04	07
17.	State of Industries in India	04	08
18.	Food Security	06	12
	Revision	–	20
	Total	100	180

We hope the given MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download सामाजिक विज्ञान in both Hindi Medium and English Medium will help you. If you have any query regarding Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Social Science Book Solutions Samajik Vigyan Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

MP Board Class 9th Science Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download विज्ञान in both Hindi Medium and English Medium are part of MP Board Class 9th Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Science Book Solutions Vigyan Pdf.

MP Board Class 9th Science Book Solutions in Hindi Medium

• Chapter 1 हमारे आस-पास के पदार्थ
• Chapter 2 क्या हमारे आस-पास के पदार्थ शुद्ध हैं
• Chapter 3 परमाणु एवं अणु
• Chapter 4 परमाणु की संरचना
• Chapter 5 जीवन की मौलिक इकाई
• Chapter 6 ऊतक
• Chapter 7 जीवों में विविधता
• Chapter 8 गति
• Chapter 9 बल तथा गति के नियम
• Chapter 10 गुरुत्वाकर्षण
• Chapter 11 कार्य तथा ऊर्जा
• Chapter 12 ध्वनि
• Chapter 13 हम बीमार क्यों होते हैं
• Chapter 14 प्राकृतिक सम्पदा
• Chapter 15 खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार

MP Board Class 9th Science Book Solutions in English Medium

• Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings
• Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure
• Chapter 3 Atoms and Molecules
• Chapter 4 Structure of the Atom
• Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life
• Chapter 6 Tissues
• Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms
• Chapter 8 Motion
• Chapter 9 Force and Laws of Motion
• Chapter 10 Gravitation
• Chapter 11 Work and Energy
• Chapter 12 Sound
• Chapter 13 Why do we Fall Ill
• Chapter 14 Natural Resources
• Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources

We hope the given MP Board Class 9th Science Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download विज्ञान in both Hindi Medium and English Medium will help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Science Book Solutions Vigyan Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download गणित in both Hindi Medium and English Medium are part of MP Board Class 9th Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Maths Book Solutions Ganit Pdf.

MP Board Class 9th Maths Book Solutions in Hindi Medium

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति

• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.3
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.4
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.5
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Ex 1.6
• Chapter 1 संख्या पद्धति Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 2 बहुपद

• Chapter 2 बहुपद Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 बहुपद Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 बहुपद Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 बहुपद Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 बहुपद Ex 2.5
• Chapter 2 बहुपद Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 3 निर्देशांक ज्यामिति

• Chapter 3 निर्देशांक ज्यामिति Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 निर्देशांक ज्यामिति Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 निर्देशांक ज्यामिति Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 निर्देशांक ज्यामिति Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण

• Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 दो चरों वाले रैखिक समीकरण Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 5 युक्लिड के ज्यामिति का परिचय

• Chapter 5 युक्लिड के ज्यामिति का परिचय Ex  5.1
• Chapter 5 युक्लिड के ज्यामिति का परिचय Ex  5.2
• Chapter 5 युक्लिड के ज्यामिति का परिचय Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण

• Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 रेखाएँ और कोण Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 7 त्रिभुज

• Chapter 7 त्रिभुज Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 त्रिभुज Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 त्रिभुज Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 त्रिभुज Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 त्रिभुज Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 8 चतुर्भुज

• Chapter 8 चतुर्भुज Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 चतुर्भुज Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 चतुर्भुज Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 9 समान्तर चतुर्भुज और त्रिभुजों के क्षेत्रफल

• Chapter 9 समान्तर चतुर्भुज और त्रिभुजों के क्षेत्रफल Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 समान्तर चतुर्भुज और त्रिभुजों के क्षेत्रफल Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 समान्तर चतुर्भुज और त्रिभुजों के क्षेत्रफल Ex 9.3
• Chapter 9 समान्तर चतुर्भुज और त्रिभुजों के क्षेत्रफल Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 10 वृत्त

• Chapter 10 वृत्त Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 वृत्त Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 वृत्त Ex 10.3
• Chapter 10 वृत्त Ex 10.4
• Chapter 10 वृत्त Ex 10.5
• Chapter 10 वृत्त Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 11 रचनाएँ

• Chapter 11 रचनाएँ Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 रचनाएँ Ex 11.2
• Chapter 11 रचनाएँ Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 12 हीरोन का सूत्र

• Chapter 12 हीरोन का सूत्र Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 हीरोन का सूत्र Ex 12.2
• Chapter 12 हीरोन का सूत्र Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन

• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.3
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.4
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.5
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.6
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.7
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Ex 13.8
• Chapter 13 पृष्ठीय क्षेत्रफल एवं आयतन Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी

• Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Ex 14.4
• Chapter 14 सांख्यिकी Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 15 प्रायिकता

• Chapter 15 प्रायिकता Ex 15.1
• Chapter 15 प्रायिकता Additional Questions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Book Solutions in English Medium

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 1 Number systems

• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.1
• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2
• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.3
• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.4
• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.5
• Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.6

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 2 Polynomials

• Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.1
• Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.2
• Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.3
• Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.4
• Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.5

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 3 Coordinate Geometry

• Chapter 3 Coordinate Geometry Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 Coordinate Geometry Ex 3.2

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 4 Linear Equations in Two Variables

• Chapter 4 Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 Linear Equations in Two Variables Ex 4.4

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 5 Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry

• Chapter 5 Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry Ex  5.1
• Chapter 5 Introduction to Euclid’s Geometry Ex  5.2

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 6 Lines and Angles

• Chapter 6 Lines and Angles Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 Lines and Angles Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 Lines and Angles Ex 6.3

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 7 Triangles

• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.4

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals

• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 Quadrilaterals Ex 8.2

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

• Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.1
• Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.2
• Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.3

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 10 Circles

• Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.1
• Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.2
• Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.3
• Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.4
• Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.5

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 11 Constructions

• Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.1
• Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula

• Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1
• Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.2

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes

• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.1
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.2
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.3
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.4
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.5
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.6
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.7
• Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.8

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 14 Statistics

• Chapter 14 Statistics Ex 14.1
• Chapter 14 Statistics Ex 14.2
• Chapter 14 Statistics Ex 14.3
• Chapter 14 Statistics Ex 14.4

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 15 Probability

• Chapter 15 Probability Ex 15.1

We hope the given MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Guide Pdf Free Download गणित in both Hindi Medium and English Medium will help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Maths Book Solutions Ganit Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

MP Board Class 9th Books Solutions Guide Pdf download all subjects in both Hindi Medium and English Medium are part of MP Board Solutions. Here we have given NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Text Book Solutions Pdf.

MP Board Class 9th Books Solutions

• MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions (गणित)
• MP Board Class 9th Science Solutions (विज्ञान)
• MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions (सामाजिक विज्ञान)
• MP Board Class 9th English Solutions (अंग्रेज़ी)
• MP Board Class 9th Hindi Solutions (हिंदी)
• MP Board Class 9th Sanskrit Solutions (संस्कृत)
• MP Board Class 9th Social Science Important Questions

We hope the given MP Board Class 9th Books Solutions Guide Pdf download all subjects in both Hindi Medium and English Medium will help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Madhya Pradesh Syllabus MP Board Class 9 Text Book Solutions Pdf, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 India: Population

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Questions 1.
in which of the following period did the growth of population increase steadily?
(a) 1901-21
(b) 1921-51
(c) 1951-81
(d) 1981-2001
Answer:
(b) 1921-51

Questions 2.
According to 2001 census which is the most densely populated state?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Bihar
(c) Kerala
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(a) Uttar Pradesh

Questions 3.
Which state has highest percentage of literacy?
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Kerala
(c) Goa
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(b) Kerala

Questions 4.
Which is the most densely populated Union Territory?
(a) Chandigarh
(b) Pondicherry
(c) Delhi
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(c) Delhi

Fill in the blank:

1. Population density is ……………. in India.
2. ………………. has the highest percentage of literacy in India.
3. The president of national population commission is ……………
4. World population day is celebrated on ………………. every year.
5. Population wise India is the country in the world.
6. In India the female population is ………….. ! ………….. then male population.

Answer:

1. 382
2. Kerala
3. Prime Minister
4. 17 July
5. Second
6. Less.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is birth rate?
Answer:
The number of live births for every thousand persons is called birth rate.

Question 2.
What is death rate?
Answer:
The number of deaths per thousand population in a year is called death rate.

Question 3.
What was the density of population in India in 2011?
Answer:
In the year 2011 population density of India was 382 persons per square km.

Question 4.
What was the sex – ratio in India in 2011?
Answer:
According to census 2011 the sex – ratio of the country was 943 (there are 943 females per thousand males) meaning that the number of females is less than number of males.

Question 5.
Population – wise and Area – wise what is the position of India in the world?
Answer:
Population – wise India is the second largest and area – wise the seventh largest country in the world.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about any three problems resulting from population growth.
Answer:
Due to the population growth many problems are coming up in our country. Among many problems, there are given below:

• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Decline of standard of living

Question 2.
Why is the rate of sex – ratio declining in India? Give reasons.
Answer:
The rate of sex – ratio is declining in India due to the following reasons –

• Literacy is low among females.
• High maternal mortality rate.
• Desire of male child in a male dominating society.
• Increasing female foeticide.
• Neglecting girl child and considering girl child as a liability.
• Dowry system in the society causes female foeticide and encourage females towards suicide.

Question 3.
What do you understand by National Population Commission?
Answer:
Following National Population Policy 2000, National Commission on Population has been established. The Prime Minister is the President of this commission. Chief ministers of all States and Union Territories, administrators and ministers, in charge of all related departments and central ministers, renowned demographers and the representatives of public health and professional organizations and non – government organization are its members.

Following the National Population Policy 2000, state level population commissions like the National level population commission have also been formed. The chief ministers of the respective states are their .presidents.

Question 4.
What do you mean by sex – ratio? Explain its distribution in the country.
Answer:
Sex – ratio means number of females per thousand males. According to census 2001 the sex – ratio for the country was 933 (there are 933 females per thousand males) meaning that the number of females is less than number of males. This means that the sex – ratio in India is adverse. When the number of females is more than males the sex – ratio is said to be favorable.

There are wide regional disparities in sex – ratio in India. When we will go through the map of distribution of male-female ratio we find that Kerala records favorable sex – ratio (1058).whereas in Chandigarh it is adverse (773)
The distribution of male – female ratio are as under:

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the main causes of population growth in India and the measures being taken to control it.
Answer:
The main causes of population growth in India are:

1. Birth – rate and death – rate:
During 1911 to 1921 birth – rale and death – rate were 48.1 and 47.2 respectively, meaning that both were quite high. From 1921 to 1951 though birth – rate decreased slowly but, death rate decreased rapidly. Between 1991 and 2001 difference between the two increased to 17.4 resulting in continuous growth of population. The cause of decline in death – rate was increase in health facilities and adequacy of facilities of livelihood.

2. Increase in Life Expectancy:
The difference between birth – rate and death-rate is called natural growth rate. The average age of life is known as life expectancy. In our country, life expectancy (average age) was 50 years in 1921 which increased to 62 years in 1991. Hence due to longevity population kept on increasing.

3. Lack of Education:
In education gives birth to superstition.. Most of the uneducated people believe that children are gift of God. Believing this they keep on begetting children and hence population also increases. Desire for son is also responsible for many children in one family. The lower class hesitate from adopting family welfare programmer.

4. Other Causes:
Poverty, lack of means of entertainment, low standard of living, child marriage and migration etc. are among the other causes of population growth. Due to population growth many problems are coming up in our country, such as poverty, unemployment, decline of standard of living, hunger, increasing crimes, housing problem, transport problems, lack of medical facilities and increasing pollution etc.

5. Measures to Control Population Growth:
If the population growth is not checked immediately, flow of development will be hampered in the future. Following measures are essential to control the growth of population.

• Family welfare programmer should be accepted.
• Spread of education especially women education should be increased.
• Child marriage should be prevented.
• Standard of living should be improved.
• Social security should be rapidly extended.

Question 2.
Explain with examples the factors affecting the density of population in India.
Answer:
The factors affecting the density of population in India are –

1. Physical factors.
2. Socioeconomic and cultural factors.

1. Physical Factors:
Terrain, climate, soil and minerals are main physical factors. Terrain affects distribution of population the most. On one hand, dense population is found in the plains of Ganga – Yamuna and coastal areas, whereas on the other hand in the hilly state of Arunachal Pradesh density of population is the lowest. Climatic condition also influences density and distribution of population.

Suitable climate is helpful to the health and efficiency of man. The dry deserts of western Rajastan and Arunachal Pradesh are sparsely population due to bad climate. Fertile soil is ideal for agricultrue. The agriculture crops are the fundamental bases of livelihood and sustenance.

Therefore, population clusters around the fertile plains of rivers. Availability of minerals and industrial development based on them has attracted population in the mineral areas of Chottanagpur Plateau. Thus population has become very dense in Chottanagpur Plateau region.

2. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors:
Socioeconomic and cultural factors also play important role in the distribution and density of population. The cultural, social, historical and political factors have together raised the size and density of Do population in the Mumbai-Pune industrial area.

Many years from today Mumbai area was non – significant, but after the advent of Europeans its importance kept increasing and gradually it turned into commercial and industrial center, as a result its population increased. Today a large group of people go to stay from one place to another and from one country to another. This is called population migration. Population migration also affects a country’s population growth.

Question 3.
On the basis of population density, in how many parts India can be divided?
Answer:
India can be divided in four parts on the basis of density.
1. High Density Areas:
If we look at the population density map of India, we find that more than 501 persons reside in per square km. area in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Kerala. The fertile land and availability of water provide enough facilities of sustenance. In these areas urbanization and industrialization have provided people with sufficient employment opportunities and services.

2, Medium Density Areas:
These include areas having population density of 251 to 500 persons per sq. km. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Tripura, Dadra and Nagar Haveli fall under this category. Developed agriculture, availability of minerals and industrial development are some of the reasons for high (medium) population density in these areas.

3. Areas of Normal Density:
These include all those states which have population density ranging from 101 to 250 persons per sq. km. The States included in this category are M.P., Rajasthan, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya, Manipur and Nagaland. These are hilly and dissected semi arid, forest covered regions. Here the means of livelihood are quite limited.

4. Low Density Areas:
These include Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Hilly areas, lack of transport facilities, under – development of agriculture and industries are the responsible factors for low density. The means of livelihood are very limited here. In Arunachal Pradesh, density of population is as low as 13 persons per sq. km.

Question 4.
What is National Population Policy 2000?
Answer:
According to the new population policy, qualitative change of life is essential for socioeconomic development. This will ensure use of man as productive capital for the society. The policy has three objectives.

1. Short term objective:
To develop health and basic infra – structure for the extension of contraceptive measures.

2. Mid term objective:
To reduce the total rate of reproduction till 2010 and onward.

3. Long term objective:
To achieve the target of stable population for sustainable economic development till 2045.
In order to meet the above objectives following socio demographic aims were also declared under the new policy.

1. To pay attention to the incomplete needs related to basic reproduction and health services, supplies and basic infrastructure.
2. To impart free and compulsory school education till the age of 14 years. To reduce the number of dropouts among primary and middle standard boy and girl students up to 20%.
3. To bring down the infant mortality rate below 100 per one lakh live births.
4. To implement universal vaccination against diseases which are preventive.
5. To encourage late marriage among girls. To stress the significance of marriage at the age of 20 plus.
6. To ensure presence of trained midwives at all institutions.
7. To find out expensive alternatives of contraception.
8. 100% registration of birth, death, marriage and conception.
9.  To check the spread of AIDS, encourage integration between Aids control organizations with regards Reproductive Track Infection (RTI) and Venereal Diseases (VD).
10. To make, ample efforts for prevention’ and control of infectious diseases!
11. To integrate various types of Indian medicinal systems for providing’ reproductive and child health services at doorstep.
12. To solidly ‘encourage the norm of small family in order to reduce’ fertility rate.
13. To develop family welfare as people – oriented programmer.

Question 5.
What is the status of growth in literacy rate in India? Suggest your views to increase female literacy.
Answer:
After independence we had fast development in ail fields hut in the field of literacy continuous efforts are still needed.

The Status of Growth in Literacy Rate in India:
Literacy rate has increased in last hundred years. It is evident from the table of status.’of literacy’ in India given on the next page that in the. beginning of the century in 1911 the literacy rate was about .6%. After Independence in’ 1951 it’has increased to 18.13%. It has increased . from 52.21% in 1991 to 65.38% in 2001 in female Literacy rate was 1.1% in 1911 which has increased to 54.16% in 2001. It is out come of the policy of Central Government aiming at providing free primary education to all.

Disparities in Literacy Rates:
There are wide regional dis – parities in literacy rate. See the state – wise distribution of literacy in the map. It varies from 47.5% in Bihar to 90.9 in Kerala. Kerala is closely followed by Lakshadweep (87.5 percent) and Mizoram (88.4 per cent). Bihar ranks last in literacy among the states and union territories of India.

Male – female differentials are also wide. Only 54.16 per cent of the females are literate as against 75.85 per cent of males. There is much difference in the literacy rate of rural and urban population. In 2001 the literacy rate in urban areas was 79.9 per cent, whereas in rural areas it was only 58.7 per cent.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
(i) India is the second most popular country of the world after –
(a) Australia
(b) China
(c) Japan
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) China

Question 2.
The population of Sikkim is –
(a) 2.2 crores
(b) 3.4.crores
(c) 5.4 lacs
(d) 6 crores
Answer:
(c) 5.4 lacs

Question 3.
In our country, life expectancy was 62 in the year –
(a) 1981
(b) 1991
(c) 2001
(d) 1987
Answer:
(b) 1991

Question 4.
Which states ranks first in literacy rate?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Kerala
(d) Utter Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Kerala

Question 5.
On the basis of population density India can be divided into –
(a) Four Categories
(b) Three Categories
(c) Two Categories
(d) Six Categories
Answer:
(a) Four Categories

Fill in the blank:

1. The first census of India was held in …………….
2. Population census is released in ……………. year.
3. The 500 croreth child was born in ………………..
4. The state with lowest population density in India is …………….
5. The density of population in 2011 was ……………. in Madhya Pradesh.

Answer:

1. 1872
2. 10
3. Yugoslavia
4. Arunachal Pradesh
5. 236.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where do we find more population – in the plains or in the hilly or desert – areas?
Answer:
We find more population in the plains.

Question 2.
What is the population of Uttar Pradesh?
Answer:
The population of Uttar Pradesh is 19.9 crores.

Question 3.
Define ‘density of population’?
Answer:
The ratio of population of a country or state and its per unit area (square km.) is called its density.

Question 4.
What is the formula used to calculate density of population of a country or state?
Answer:
The formula is:

Question 5.
What was the population density of India in 2001?
Answer:
It was 324 persons per square km.

Question 6.
Divide India into four categories on the basis of population density.
Answer:
The four categories are:

• Areas of high density.
• Areas of medium density.
• Areas of normal density.
• Areas of low density.

Question 7.
Name the areas of high density.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Kerala.

Question 8.
Name the areas of low density?
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Andman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 9.
What is the natural growth rate?
Answer:
The difference between the birth – rate and tire death – rate is called the natural growth rate per year,

Question 10.
Name the state where we find favorable sex – ratio
Answer:
Kerala.

Question 11.
What was the literacy rate in urban areas in 2001?
Answer:
It was 79.9 per cent.

Question 12.
What will happen if the population growth is not checked?
Answer:
If the population growth is not checked flow of development will be hampered in the future.

Question 13.
Give one term for the number of women per thousand of population.
Answer:
Sex – ratio.

Question 14.
What is the life expectancy in India now?
Answer:
67 years.

Question 15.
Which state has the highest sex – ratio in India?
Answer:
Kerala. It is 1058 females to 1000 males.

Question 16.
What is the main cause of rapid population growth in India after independence?
Answer:
There has been – sharp fall in death – rate but very slow fall in birth – rate.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is density of population? How can density of population be calculated?
Answer:
Density of population is the number of people living per square kilometer of area. It represents the land man ratio. It can be calculated by dividing the total population of a region or country or state by its total area. It is expressed as the number of persons per square kilometer as 180 persons per square kilometer.

The distribution of population of India is extremely uneven. The average density for the country as a whole as per the census 1991 in India is 267 persons per sq. km. The density of population in India can be calculated by dividing total population with total area. Thus density of population = Total population s ÷ Total area.

Question 2.
Describe the areas m normal density.
Answer:
These include all the e states which have population density ranging from 101 to 250 persons per sq. km. The states included in this category are M.P. Rajastan, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya, Manipur, and Nagaland.

Question 3.
What measures can be taken to control population growth?
Answer:
Following measures can be taken to control the growth of population:

• Family welfare programmer should be accepted.
• Spread of education especially women education should be increased.
• Child marriage should be prevented.
• Standard of living should be improved.
• Social security should b’e rapidly extended.

Question 4.
‘Literacy’ rate has increased in last hundred years. Justify it.
Answer:
In the beginning of the century in 1911 the literacy rate was about 6%. After independence in 1951 it has increased to 18.3%. It has increased from 52.21% in 1991 to 65.38% in 2001. Female literacy rate was 1.1% in 1911 which has increased to 54.16% in 2001. Thus we can say that literacy rate has increased in last hundred years.

Question 5.
Mention the objectives of the National Population Policy 2000.
Answer:
The National Population Policy 2000 has three objectives –

• Short term objectives – To develop health and basic infrastructure for the extension of the contraceptive measures.
• Mid term objective – To reduce the total rate of reproduction till 2010.
• Long term objective – To achieve the target of stable population for sustainable economic development till 2045.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 7 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define birth and death rate. Explain growth rate. Also make a table to show growth rate in India (1901-2001).
Answer:

1. The birth – rate is calculated in terms of number of live birth per thousand population per year.
2. The death – rate is known as number of deaths per thousand population per year in a given area.
3. The difference between these two is called the natural growth rate per year.

Growth rate in India (1901-2001):

The growth rate of a population may be positive or negative. Positive growth rate means growth in the number of people living in an area, whereas negative growth means the number of people living in that area declines. Find out the population growth rate m India from the table given above and see whenever the growth was negative.

Question 2.
What are the main features of population situation in India?
Answer:
The main features of India’s population can be summarized as below:

1. Size of India’s Population:
India is the second largest populated country in the world, after China. Population of India has been constantly rising since 1921. The following figures indicate the size, of India’s population.
Population of India

It will be seen from the above table that in just 34 years after independence another India was added while the territorial limit of the country remained unchanged. It is estimated that if we grow with this number, we will be more than 100 crore mark at the end of this century.

2. Second Largest Populated Country:
India has 2.4 per cent of the total land area of the world, India caters to the needs of 15% of the total world population. This means every seventh person in the world is an Indian.

3. Population Increasing at a Fast Rate:
It is not the overall absolute size of population which is the cause of concern, equally important is the fact that India’s population has been rising at a relatively very fast rate. It has gone up by a little over 2.0 per cent annum during the period 1951 to 1991 and about 2.1% presently.

4. Density of Population:
The density of population of India in 1961 was 216 persons per.sq. km. It rose to 267 in 1991. Thus the land man has been declining fast which indicates that the land will fall short for the in habitation of mankind of the population grow in this rate.

5. Uneven Distribution of Population:
The population is unevenly distributed. The northern plains, coastal plains and some river valley in lower Himalayas are densely populated while other areas of scanty rainfall or desert plateau and mountainous areas are sparsely populated. Thus there are areas which have great population pressure while other rare less inhabited.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 India: Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
State with the minimum forest area in India is –
(a) Assam
(b) Rajastan
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Haryana.
Answer:
(d) Haryana.

Question 2.
Sundari trees are found in –
(a) Tropical forests
(b) Himalayan forests
(c) Mangrove forests
(d) Tropical deciduous forests
Answer:
(c) Mangrove forests

Question 3.
Natural vegetation of Rajastan is –
(a) Tropical moist evergreen forests
(b) Tropical moist semi-evergreen
(c) Tropical thorny forest
(d) Alpine forests
Answer:
(c) Tropical thorny forest

Question 4.
Natural habitat reserved for Indian Loin is –
(a) Gujarat Gir forest
(b) Kaziranga forest area of Assam
(c) Sundarban of West Bengal
(d) Nilgiri forest area
Answer:
(a) Gujarat Gir forest

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by natural vegetation?
Answer:
Plants, trees, grasses and bushes that grow naturally without man’s interference is called natural vegetation.

Question 2
What is a forest?
Answer:
A large area covered by plants and shrubs is called a forest.

Question 3.
What are mangrove forests?
Answer:
Mangrove is a type of vegetation with submerged roots. It is found on the coastal areas of India where the tides occur.

Question 4.
What is the meaning of Endemic and Exotic vegetation?
Answer:

1. Endemic Vegetation:
The vegetation which is basically Indian is known as Endemic Vegetation.

2. Exotic Vegetation:
Plants which are brought from out of India are called Exotic Plants.

Question 5.
What is a sanctuary?
Answer:
A sanctuary is dedicated to protect, wild life and conserve species. Without permission hunting is restricted in a sanctuary.

Question 6.
Classify the forests on the basis of administration.
Answer:
Forests are classified in three categories from the administrative viewpoint:

• Reserved forests
• Protected forests
• Unclassified forests.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are migratory birds?
Answer:
Birds coming from North Asia to India for a short period of time are called migratory birds.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of forest conservation?
Answer:
Forest is a national wealth. Looking to.the problems originated due to decreasing forest resources, their conservation is very necessary. Human needs are unlimited whereas the natural resources are limited. Hence, efforts for forestation have been encouraged so that forest may be conserved.

Question 3.
Describe the vegetation of Himalayan region of India.
Answer:
Oak and chestnut are found on eastern Himalayas and pine on western Himalayas. At an altitude of 2000 to 3000 meters forests of deodar, silver, fur, and spruce are sparsely attributed. Sal is mainly found at low altitudes. On the slopes of high altitude mountains, where temperatures are low and rain is less than 100 cm dry temperate vegetation is found.

Question 4.
Differentiate between National Park and Sanctuary.
Answer:
A National Park is relatively a large area where different ecosystems exist. Exploitation and acquisition could not change this region. For special scientific, educative and re-creative interests plant and animal species, with their geomorphological sites and habitats are persevered here. Hunting, grazing and human interference are totally banned in national parks.

A Sanctuary is similar to a national park, but is medicated to protect wild-life and conserve species. Without permission hunting is restricted in a Sanctuary but grazing and regular movement of cow and other animals is permitted. Human activities are allowed in a Sanctuary.

Question 5.
Distribution of plants and vegetation depends on which factors in India? Explain.
Answer:
The geographical factors or elements affect the development of vegetation of a particular area. The important elements are rainfall, temperature, humidity, soil, altitude and geological structure.

Question 6.
Differentiate between Evergreen and Deciduous Forest.
Answer:
Differences between Evergreen Forests and Deciduous Forest.

Evergreen Forests:

1. The forests having trees which remain green throughout the year. This means that seasonal shed – ding of leaves does not take place.
2. Shedding of leaves and growth of new leaves is continuous process and it goes side by side throughout the year.
3. Ever green forests are found mainly in equatorial regions where rainfall is very heavy and where there is no dry season.
4. Trees like eucalyptus, oak, wattle, Mahagony, Man – grove and Rosewood are common in these forests.

Deciduous Forests:

1. The forests consisting of trees which loose their leaves at some season of the year are called deciduous forests.
2. Tropical deciduous forests are found in sub – tropical regions with a distinct dry season such as Monsoon regions of Asia, parts of central America, Brazil and North Australia.
3. These forests have fewer than tropical evergreen forests.
4. In case of Monsoon forests, the trees shed their leaves during the. hot season. Teak, Oak, Elm and Beach are important timber products.

Question 7.
Explain the chief characteristics of tropical moist ever green forests.
Answer:
The chief characteristics of tropical moist evergreen forests are:

1. These forests thrive in areas having annual rainfall above 300 cm and dry season is short.
2. These forests are very dense, length of the trees in 60 m or more.
3. Layers of different height can be seen in these forests. Shrubs, climbers and creepers are found under tall trees.
4. Grass is generally not found in this region.
5. The wood of these trees are hard and heavy,
6. These forests do not have a distinct season of shedding of leaves, so these forests appear to be evergreen.
7. The main trees found here are rubber, mahogany, cinchona, bamboo and palm.

Question 8.
Describe how forests are useful to man?
Answer:
Forest is a natural wealth. It has various uses for humans. Forests contribute in the economic development of the country by functioning in two ways production and conservation. we have two types of benefits from the forests – Direct benefit and Indirect benefit.

Direct Benefits:
They give us timber, fuel wood, fodder, raw material for small and cottage industries, valuable minor products (fruits, flower, grass and leaves) and raw material for medicines. It is a main source of livelihood for many people.

Indirect Benefits:

1. Indirect benefits of forests are more important than direct benefits. They are the essential part of our nature and culture. They increase human values, provide spiritual strength and are the habitat of entertainment ancL recreation.
2. Forests affect the temperature of the air control the speed of wind and control the climate by rainfall.
3. Forests control floods and the soil erosion by controlling the flow of rivers.
4. Forests increase the fertility of soil by adding humus formed due to the decomposition of the leaves and branches of the trees.
5. Forests are the natural habitat of birds and animals.
6. Forests are the symbol of natural beauty.
7. Forests are the source of natural balance.

Question 9.
How are the indirect benefits of forests more important as compared to the direct benefits? Explain.
Answer:
Indirect benefits of forests are more important than direct benefits. We know that forests are the essential part of our nature and culture. They increase human values, provide spiritual strength and are the habitat of entertainment and recreation. Forests affect the temperature of the air. They control the speed of wind. They also control the climate by rainfall. Forests control floods and soil erosion by controlling the flow of rivers. They increase the fertility of soil by adding humus.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe various types of vegetation in India.
Answer:
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests:
These are of two types.

(A) Tropical wet evergreen forests:
The forests thrive in areas having annual rainfall above 300 cm. and dry season is short. These forests are very dense, length of the trees is 60 m or more. Layers of different height can be seen in these forests. Shrubs, climbers and creepers are found under tall trees.

Grass is generally not found in this region. The wood of these trees is hard and heavy’. These forests do not have a distinct season of shedding of leaves, so these forests appear to be evergreen. The main trees found here are Rubber, Mahogony, Cinchona, Bamboo and Palm.

(B) Tropical wet semi-evergreen forests:
These forests are restricted to the areas where annual rainfall is between 200 to 300 cm. So these evergreen forests are found in the Central parts of temperate moist deciduous forests. These forests are found in Mehgalaya, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are less dense than wet evergreen forests. The important plants here are Rosewood, Ebony’, Telsur, Champa, Jun, Gurjan, Ice-wood and Laurel.

2. Tropical Deciduous Forests:
This is the largest belt of India, these forests are also known as Monsoon forests. They cover 39% of the total forest area. (See the distribution of these forests in the Vegetation Map) On the basis of availability of water these forests are classified into two parts Moist deciduous forests and Dry deciduous forests.

Moist deciduous forests are found in the area of 100 to 200 cm. rainfall in India, North-east states, foot – hills of Himalayas, Jharkhand, Western Orissa, Chhattisgarh and the eastern slopes of Western Ghats. Teak is the main species of these forests. Other trees are Bamboo, Sal, Shesham, Chandan, Khair, Kusum, Ar-jun and Mulbery.

Trees of these forests shed their leaves during the dry season for 6 to 8 weeks. To fulfill the demand of wood these forests have been exploited and cleared for cultivation. The areas with 70 to 100 cm. rainfall have Dry deciduous forests. The main areas of these forests are Peninsular Plateau, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Main trees are Teak, Sal, Pee-pal, Neem and Mango.

3. Mountainous Forests:
(A) Peninsular mountain forests:

• On the high altitudes of Peninsular Plateau open wavy grasslands are found with the shrubs or undeveloped forests.
• Dense vegetation is found under tall trees in these forests. Heterotrophic plants, mosses and plants with small leaves are found in these areas.
•  Maglonia, Laurel, Elm are the common trees whereas Cinchona and Eucalyptus are brought from foreign countries and planted here.
• There forests are found in Nilgiri, Palni, Annamalai, Western Ghats, Mahabaleshwar and Satpura and Maikal ranges.

(B) Mountainous forests of Himalayan Ranges:
In Himalayan mountainous region due to increasing altitude and decreasing temperature a difference in natural vegetation is seen. In Shivalik ranges, at an altitude of 1000 meters in the foothill region, Bhabar and Tarai tropical deciduous forests are found.

It is then succeeded by temperate moist evergreen forests between 1000 and 20000 meters. These are the dense forests with tall trees. Oak and Chestnut are found on eastern Himalayas and Pine on western Himalayas.

At an altitude of 2000 to 3000 meters forests of Deodar, Silver fur, and Spruce are sparsely distributed. Sal is mainly found at low altitudes. On the slopes of the high altitude mountains, where temperatures are low and rainfall is less than 100 cm dry temperate vegetation similar to that of Mediterranean vegetation, is found. Olive,. Babool and hard Savanna grass is found with Oak and Deodar trees.

Alpine vegetation is found between the altitude of 3000 to 4000 meters. These are less dense forests and the height of the trees decreases towards Snowline. At higher altitudes alpine pastures are found. Silver fur, Juniper, Birch and Pine are the main species of these forests.

4. Mangrove Forests or Tidal Forests:
Mangrove or Tidal vegetation is found on the coastal areas of India where the tides occur. Mangrove is a type of vegetation with submerged roots. This vegetation is found in the delta region of the Ganga, Bhahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers. Sundari is a well – known mangrove tree found in the delta region of Ganga-Bhrahmaputra. Coconut, Palm and Agar trees are also found in this region.

Wild Life of Mangrove Forests:
Royal Bengal Tiger is famous in these forests. Tortoise, Crocodile, Alligators and different types of snake are found here.

5.  Tropical Thorny Forests:
The areas with less than 70 cm annual rainfall have thorny forests and shrubs. This type of vegetation is found in the northwestern parts of the Country. It includes Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and semi-arid regions of Haryana. Date, Palms, Babul, Cactus is the main vegetation here. These plants have long roots spread in a radial pattern in search of water.’ Leaves are small to reduce evaporation.

Question 2.
Why is conservation of forest resources necessary? Give examples of different measures for their conservation.
Answer:
Forest conservation is necessary because our life is dependent on it. Forests provide us food. They help in the maintenance of ecosystem. They give oxygen which is necessary for survival of our life. Forests contribute in the economic development of the country. Different measures for their conservation.

Forest is a national wealth. Looking to the problems originated due to decreasing forest resources, their conservation is very necessary. Human needs are unlimited whereas the natural resources are limited. So, efforts for afforestation has been encouraged by the government.

Following measures have been taken for the conservation of forests:

1. Dangerous tendency of the destruction of forests should be immediately controlled. The main objective of the National Forest Policy is the maintenance of environmental stability and restoration of ecological balance.
2. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 is to prevent the destruction of forests and to prevent use of forest land for other purposes.
3. The main objective of Social Forestry and Agro – forestry is to provide fuel wood and minor wooden resources to the farmers. Farmers are encouraged for plantation.
4. Afforestation and development of waste and degraded land.
5. Reforestation in the existing forest areas.
6. Controlled cutting of forests and by scientific method.
7. Establishment of Watch Towers and surveying to prevent forest fire.
8. Ban on grazing, poaching and cutting trees and shrubs for fuel wood.
9. Controlled and limited trade of timber.
10. Controlled jhuming agriculture.
11. Controlling harmful insects like termites, cockroaches and gubrela.
12. Creating awareness in people regarding Agro – forestry, extensive forestry, development of social forestry and forest conservation, Chipko Movement and Van Mahotsava are all included as the measures of forest conservation.

Question 3.
Write about the different measures taken for wild-life conservation.
Answer:
Out of 5 lakh animal species of the world 75,000 are found in India. Similarly about 12,000 species and 900 sub-species of birds are available in India. Beginning of wild – life conservation was an effort of ecologists movement.

1. In 1972 Wild Life Conservation Act was passed in India. This act gives protection and preservation to endangered species of wild – life and ban the trading of related species.

2. Tiger Development Programmer Project was launched in 1973. Today there are 27 Tiger Reserves in 14 slates of the country.

3. Crocodile Breeding and Management Project was started in 1975 to conserve Crocodiles.

4. To increase the number of elephants, Elephant Project was launched-. Economic and scientific assistance was made available for this project.

5. Project Tiger movement was started to conserve the endangered species of Tiger. 17 Tiger Reserves were established for this purpose. The natural habitat of lion in the country is the Gir forest of Gujarat.

6. For the management and upkeep of zoos Central Zoo Authority is established. Responsibility of 200 zoos established in India is given to this authority.

7. There are 14 Biosphere Reserves set up in different regions of the .country. Out of which Sunderbans (West Bengal), Nanda Devi (Uttaranchal), Gulf of Mannar (Tamilnadu), Nilgiri (Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu) are included in the Biosphere Reserves of the world. Other Biosphere Reserves are Nakrak, Great Nicobar, Manas, Simlipal, Dihang – Dibang, Dibru – Saikhova, Augustmalai, Kanchanjunga, Pachmarhi, Achnakmar – Amarkantak. .

Map Work:
Show the following areas in the outline Map of India.

1. Tropical evergreen forests and tidal forest.
2. Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary and Silent Valley.
3. Kanha Kesli and Corbett National Park.
4. Nanda Devi, Nilgiri and Sundarban Biosphere Reserve.

Project Work
Collect the medicinal herbs from your surroundings and prepare a list and write the uses of medicinal herbs.
Answer:
Do yourself.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Other Important Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer:
(1) What is the percentage of total area of forest in Tripura?
(a) 44%
(b) 55%
(c) 66%
(d) 48%
Answer:
(b) 55%

Question 2.
Highest forest area found in –
(a) North – East India
(b) South – West India
(c) East – West India
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) North – East India

Question 3.
Which one is not medicinal herb?
(a) Tulsi
(b) Neem
(c) Sarpgandha
(d) Teak
Answer:
(d) Teak

Question 4.
Wild life Conservation Act was passed in India in –
(a) 1975
(b) 1972
(c) 1980
(d) 1985
Answer:
(b) 1972

Question 6.
From administrative viewpoint forests are classified in –
(a) Four categories
(b) Three categories
(c) Two categories
(d) None of the above.

Fill in the blank:

1. …………….. % are is under forest in Madhya Pradesh and Chhatitisgarh.
2. In …………….. year Wild-Life Conservation Act was passed in India.
3. A large area covered by plants, shrubs etc. growing naturally is called a …………….
4. Tulsi is used in ……………… and ………………..
5. Out of 5 lakh animal species of the world …………….. are found in India.

Answer:

1. 30
2. 1972
3. Forest
4. cold, cough
5. 75,000.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is water hyacinth called in West Bengal?
Answer:
Water hyacinth in West Bengal is called the terror of Bengal.

Question 2.
In which areas do we find plants with long roots?
Answer:
In desert areas we find plants with long roots.

Question 3.
Which is the most dominant and widespread natural vegetation belt in India?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forest or the monsoon forest provide the most dominant and widespread natural vegetation belt of India.

Question 4.
In what part of the country are the evergreen forests confined?
Answer:
The evergreen forests are confined to altitudes ranging form 500 – 1500 meters along the windward side of the Western Ghats and up to 1100 meters in the north eastern part of the country.

Question 5.
Name two important products of Tropical deciduous forests.
Answer:
Sal and Sagon.

Question 6.
Name the most important species of tree found in the Western Ghat regions.
Answer:
Teak.

Question 7.
Which forests are called the monsoon forests?
Answer:
The tropical deciduous forests are also called the monsoon forests.

Question 8.
Where are the moist deciduous forests found?
Answer:
They are found along the Shivaliks, the Piedmont plains of the Bhabar and Tarai regions in the north, the Chhotanagpur,  the South East Deccan Plateau and along north – south strip on the coast on the east of Western Ghats.

Question 9.
Name the few species of the vegetation in the Himalayan Region.
Answer:
Sal, chir, chil, pine, cedar, silver fir and spruce.

Question 10.
What are two important trees of the thorn forests?
Answer:
Babul and Kikar.

Question 11.
Name the type of forests in which the following trees are grown mahogany, chestnut; shisham, chir, sal, sundari, cam phor, rubber, kikar, teak, lawrel, sandal wood, oak, fur, spurce, palm.
Answer:

Question 12.
Where are the elephants found in India?
Answer:
Elephants in India are found in the Jungles of Assam and those of Kerala and Karnataka.

Question 13.
Name the most endangered species in India?
Answer:
The tiger, the rhino, the bustard and the lion.

Question 14.
Which is the first biological reserve in India?
Answer:
The first biological reserve was set up in the Nilgiries.

Question 15.
Where is the Gulf of Mannar?
Answer:
Tamilnadu.

Question 16.
How many national parks have been established is our country to protect wild – life?
Answer:
Eighty – nine national parks have been established in our country to protect wild – life.

Question 17.
Where is the natural habitat of lion in India?
Answer:
The natural habitat of lion in India is the Gir forest of Gujarat.

Question 18.
Why are national parks and wild-life sanctuaries developed?
Answer:
They are developed to provide safe habitat and to secure species of the wild – life.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is bio-reserve?
Answer:
Efforts are being made to protect and preserve every plant and animal species found in India so that this natural heritage can be transmitted to, the future generation in all its natural vigor and glory. With these objectives in mind the biosphere reserve or bio-reserve has been set up.

First such reserve was set up in the Nilgiries consisting of 5500 sq km at the tri junction of the Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Kerala. Thus protection and conservation of the great biological diversity in its natural form is ‘bio-reserve’. After Nilgiri Bio – reserve, the one at Nanda Devi in U.P., Himalaya was set up in 1988. The other Noktek in Meghalaya was set up in this year itself.

Question 2.
Describe the administrative classification of forests.
Answer:
Forests are classified in three categories from the administrative viewpoint.

1. Reserved Forests:
The forest which are permanently reserved for timber or other forest produce and agriculture and grazing is strictly banned are called Reserved Forests.

2. Protected Forests:
The forests where local inhabitants are allowed to graze their animals and permission of agriculture with normal restrictions is given are called Protected Forests.

3. Unclassified Forests:
The forests, which are neither reserved nor protected, are Unclassified Forests.

Question 3.
Write a short note on medicinal herbs.
Answer:
From the ancient times India is famous for medicinal herbs. 2000 Plants species are described in Ayurveda, out of which at least 500 are in continuous use. Some of important plant species used as medicine are Sarpgandha, Tulsi, Neem, Jamun, Babul, Kachnar, and Arjun, etc.

Sarpgandha is used to control blood pressure, Tulsi is used when we are caught cough and cold, Neem is used as an antibiotic, Jamun is used to improve digestion. It is also useful is diabetes Babul is useful in boils. It is also used to increase physical strength. Kachnar is useful in boils and Asthma and Arjun is used to control blood pressure and ear pain.

Question 4.
Explain the characteristics of tropical deciduous forests.
Answer:
The characteristics of tropical deciduous forests are:

• They shed leaves seasonally.
• They are comparatively open with lesser under growth.
• Teak is the most important species. Others are sandal wood rose wood, shisham and mahua.
• Trees are of economic significance and well exploited.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 6 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a short note on conservation of wild – life
Answer:
The wild-life of a country is a part of its heritage. Every effort should therefore be made to protect – and preserve the wild life. Today there are man – endangered species of wild – life birds and animals. The Indian bustard of Rajasthan and Malwa, number of lions and tigers are some of the endangered species.

In order to conserve this resource, government of India has been taking time-to-time suitable measure, to maintain this great biological diversity of our land. Periodic census undertaken to find out the latest position and trends in this regard. The project tiger has been a great success. Now there are 16 tiger reserves in various parts of the country.

Likewise Rhino Project is being implemented in Assam, The Biosphere Reserves have been set up in the Nilgiries. It consists of 5500 km and is spread at the trijunction of Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Kerala. The other bio – reserves have been set up as Nanda Devi in U.P., Noktek in Meghalaya, Andaman and Great Nicobar etc. The country has 63 national parks, 358 wild life sanctuaries and 35 zoological gardens covering 130000 km² of area.

Question 2.
Describe the factors affecting vegetation.
Answer:
The geographical factors or elements affect the development of vegetation of a particular area. The important elements are rainfall, temperature, humidity, soil, altitude and geological structure.

1. Earth Surface:
It includes relief features and nature of soil.

Land:
Land affects vegetation directly and indirectly. Mountains, Plateaus and Plains do not have same type of vegetation. Plain surface is useful for agriculture. Forests and grasslands are found on rugged and uneven surface, which are the habitat of wild – life.

Soil:
Different type of soil is found on different places which is a base for different type of Vegetation. Mangrove forests are found in delta region of rivers. Whereas conical forests on the slope of high mountains plain areas are favorable for agriculture – and deciduous forests are found on plateau region normally.

2. Climate:
Temperature Favorable temperature is required for the germination, growth and reproduction of the plants. Variety of plants grow in the tropical zone because of high temperatures and humidity. Increase in temperature by 6°C to 9°C results in the stunted of the plants. Temperatures are low on high mountains therefore the growth period of the vegetation is short

Sunlight:
Duration of sunlight at any place depends on latitude altitude from sea level and the season. Plants grow rapidly in summer season because in Summers the duration of day light is more. As the Southern slopes of the Himalaya mountainous regions receives more sunlight as compare to northern slopes, dense vegetation is found here.

Rainfall:
In the areas of heavy rainfall the forests are very dense with tall trees. In the areas of low rainfall dwarf trees, grasses and shrubs are found sparsely. In desert areas plants have long roots. To prevent the loss of moisture due to transpiration some plants have wax-coated and thorny leaves. Vegetation of Thar desert is thorny due to scanty water.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 India: Climate

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Questions 1.
The time of the south – west moons – in India is –
(a) October to November
(b) june to September
(c) March to May
(d) December to February
Answer:
(b) june to September

Questions 2.
Which state does receive the lowest rainfall due to southwest monsoon?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Karnataka
(c) Tamilanadu
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(a) Rajasthan

Questions 3.
Coromandal coast in India receives maximum rainfall in –
(a) January – February
(b) June – September
(c) March – May
(d) October – November
Answer:
(d) October – November

Questions 4.
Maximum variation in the amount of rainfall is found in –
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Assam
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Rajastan
Answer:
(d) Rajastan

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (d) Area of very high rainfall.
2. (c) The region which receives rainfall from retreating monsoon.
3. (b) Area of less then 50 cm. rainfall.
4. (a) Hot winds of the summer season in Northern India.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do yon mean by climate?
Answer:
The average weather conditions, over a long period of time of a’ particular place are known as climate.

Question 2.
Which type of climate region is India called?
Answer:
India called a monsoon type of climate.

Question 3.
What is the meaning of “Monsoon”?
Answer:
Monsoon means the winds bowing on the earths surface’ which change their direction in Summer and Winter season

Question 4.
What are the main branches of Monsoon?
Answer:
There are two main branches of monsoon:

• The Arabian sea branch.
• The Bay of Bengal branch.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the relief features of India affect the climate?
Answer:
The relief features of India influence the temperatures as well as the rainfall. The Himalayas on the northern boundary of the country extending from east to west protect India from cold breeze coming from the North in winter season. They intercept the moisture bearing monsoon winds and help in precipitation.

Question 2.
Why is the climate of northern India uneven?
Answer:
The climate of northern India is of Continental type. Distance from the sea and temperate climate effect its climate. Hence the climate here is uneven.

Question 3.
Why does the Tamilnadu coast receive rainfall in the winter season?
Answer:
Tamilnadu coast receives most of the rainfall by they retreating monsoons. These winds blow in the months of October and November from the land to sea through north – east direction. When they cross over Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and cause rainfall in Tamilnadu.

Question 4.
Which are the high rainfall areas of India?
Answer:
Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu and West Bengal are the highland rainfall areas of India.

Question 5.
Why is Indian agriculture called a gamble of monsoon?
Answer:
In India agriculture depends on monsoon which is most uncertain. Sometimes it arrives on time and it rains in adequate amount. But sometimes it is late and the amount of rainfall is less. It adversely affects the agriculture. That is why Indian agriculture is said to be a gamble of monsoon.

Question 6.
How does climate affect the health?
Answer:
It has been seen that sultry hot weather is followed by widespread rains which give rise to many diseases. Water is stored in the pots and ponds, which becomes the birthplace of mosquitoes and spread diseases. Thus, climate affects our health too.

Question 7.
How do monsoon winds originate?
Answer:
Monsoon winds are related to weather because they blow from land to sea for six months and from sea to land for next six months. There are several concepts of the origin of monsoon but the thermal concept is important. According to this concept, monsoon winds are in fact land and sea breezes on a large scale.

By differential heating of the land and the sea winds blow from sea to land in the daytime and from land to ,sea in the night. Similarly in summer season winds blow’ from high pressure system on sea to low pressure system on lands. During winters, a complete reversal takes place with high pressure on the land and the low pressure over the sea. At this time winds start blowing from land to sea. This is called monsoon.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the factors influencing the Indian Climate.
Answer:
The factors influencing Indian climate are:
1. Latitude:
India is situated in the northern hemisphere in the south of Asia continent. Tropic of cancer passes through the center of the country. Due to this specific location, its southern part has tropical climate and northern part has continental type of climate.

2. Distance from the sea:
The effect of the distance from the sea is very clearly seen on the distribution of temperature of India. That is northern plains have continental type of climate.

3. Relief features:
Relief features of the country influence the temperatures as well as the rainfall. The Himalayas on the northern boundary of the country extending from east to west protects India from cold breeze coming from the north in winter season. They intercept the moisture bearing monsoon winds and help in precipitation.

4. Distribution of water and land:
India is a part of Asia continent. During summers the north – western plains of India gets more heated and center of low pressure is established here. This low – pressure area attracts the winds coming from the Indian Ocean. During winters this area becomes more colder and center of high pressure develops here and wind starts blowing from land to sea. These winds influence the climate of India. Rainfall occurs due to the winds coming from the sea.

5. Jet streams blowing in the upper atmosphere:
A westerly jet stream blows above northern India in winter season but in rainy season it moves northwards above Tibetan plateau. Easterly jet stream develops at about 15°N latitude. Nature of these jet streams is responsible for summer monsoon. Shifting of jet streams towards north and south is the cause of uncertainty and irregularity of south-west monsoon in India.

6. Monsoon winds:
In India monsoon winds blow in summer from sea to landmass and in winter season from landmass to sea. This change in monsoon winds changes the weather and seasons in India.

Question 2.
Explain the main characteristics of the monsoon and describe the different seasons.
Answer:
Main characteristics of monsoon –

1. Monsoon winds are seasonal winds. They blow according to season.
2. Seasonal winds blowing in summer season are called summer monsoon and winds blowing in winter season arc called winter monsoon.
3. Due to the peninsular shape of India summer monsoon winds divide into two parts. The Arabian Sea Monsoon and the Bay of Bengal Monsoon.
4. In summer season these winds blow from south – west to north – east and in winters from north – east to south – west in India.
5. These winds are hot and humid in summer season as they blow from sea to land whereas in winters they are cold and dry because they blow from land to sea.
6. Rainfall in India is due to monsoon winds. Maximum amount of rainfall is received from south – west monsoon winds.
7. Time of monsoon and amount of rainfall vary.

Different Seasons Of India:
Four main seasons are:

1. Cold Weather Season
2. Hot Weather Season
3. Advancing Monsoon Season
4. Retreating Monsoon Season

1. Cold Weather Season:
December to February. The cold weather persists from December to February throughout India. January is the coldest month. Temperature varies from 10°C to 25°C. Temperature is between 10°C to 15°C in the northern plains and 25°C in the southern parts of the country. There is high pressure the northern plains due to the cold climatic conditions. The cold dry winds blow from the high pressure towards the low pressure equatorial regions.

These winds are north – westerly in the Ganga Plains and north- easterly over the Bay of Bengal. Culy two parts of the country receive rain in this season. First is the north – west part of India which receives rainfall from the Mediterranean cyclones. Second is tire Coast of Tamilnadu which gets rainfall in winter because of the north – east winds which blow over the Bay of Bengal. But in other parts of the country, the weather is pleasant with clear skies and bright sun – shine.

2. Hot Weather Season:
March to May. During this period there is a rapid shift of the belt of heat from south to north. In March, April and May the highest day temperatures occur in the Deccan Plateau (38°C), Gujarat (43°C) and North-West of India (48°C) respectively.

In May the rising temperature leads to low pressure in a wider area from the Thar Desert to Chhotanagpur. Because of this low pressure the moisture – laden winds from the Arabian Sea are attracted towards this area and consequently there is (about 158 ems) rainfall in the Rajmahal and Chhotanagpur Hills lying between the Satpuras and the Vindhyas.

Kerala and Western Ghats also experience the pre – monsoons showers. Assam and Bengal also receive some rainfall by means of evening thunderstorms. Bid the north – west areas remains dry, and hot winds, called the too, engulf the whole areas. Sometimes dust storms in Punjab, Haryan and U.P. are followed by light rain and cool breeze.

3. Advancing Monsoon season:
This season runs from June to September. During these mouths Me south – west monsoon winds blow northwards in two branches from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. They make rainfall almost in the whole of northern India.

These winds blow from the oceanic high pressure areas towards the low pressure areas of land and make a heavy rainfall. The Arabian Sea branch causes heavy rainfall exceeding 300 ems along the coastal areas of the Western Ghats but this rainfall decreases as the monsoons go further.

As such Kutch receives less than 40 cm of rainfall. The Bay of Bengal branch causes heavy rainfall in the hills of Assam. Cherrapunji receives more than 1,000 cm of rainfall annually. As the monsoon winds take a turn from east to west because of the Himalayas, the rain goes on decreasing. As such when Kolkata gets, a rainfall of 119 cm Allahabad gets 76 cm due to the uncertainty and uneven distribution of rainfall,, floods and droughts are common during this season.

4. Retreating Monsoon Season:
This seasons is in October and November. In this season the monsoons start to retreat back. Passing over from Bay of Bengal they strike on the coast of Tamilnadu and give sufficient rainfall. This rainfall is not certain and equally distributed.

Question 3.
Show the distribution of rainfall in the Map of India and name the different areas.
Answer:
Areas of Very High Rainfall. Assam, the Ganga Delta, the Western Ghats and the Western Coastal Regions and the north mountainous regions (the Himalayas) receive heavy rainfall of 200 cm and above annually.

Areas of High Rainfall:
Areas which get annual rainfall between 100 cm to 200 cm roughly come under this group. Madhya Pradesh, Onssa, Chhota Nagpur, Western Bengal, Bihar, Eastern U.P., North Eastern Punjab, Eastern parts of Tamilnadu and the eastern slopes of Western Ghats receive moderate rainfall.

Area of Normal Rainfall:
The areas receiving rainfall between 50 cm and 100 cm come under this category. This category consists of Deccan Plateau, Western U.P., South Eastern Punjab, Eastern Rajasthan and parts of Kashmir.

Areas of Low Rainfall:
Western Rajasthan, Kutch, South Eastern parts of Haryana, North-Eastern Kashmir receive annual rainfall of less than 50 cm and hence called areas of scanty rainfall.

Question 4.
Describe the effect of climate on human life.
Answer:
The climate of a country affects its socioeconomic life. The effect of diversities of climatic conditions can be seen in our country also. Monsoon is said to be the center of Indian Economic life.

1. Due to the climates of India agriculture is normally possible throughout the year.
2. Amount of monsoon rainfall is sufficient for agriculture.
3. Different climates create favorable environment for the production of various crops.
4. Maximum rainfall is in the months of June, July and August which is beneficial for early ripening crops like jawar, bazra, and maize.
5. Fodder is also available due to rains which helps in cattle rearing.
6. The country remains dry or there are no rains for long period of the year, during which the grasses dry up resulting in scarcity of fodder. That is why there is no evergreen pastures or grazing land in the country.
7. Sultry hot weather is followed by widespread rains, which give rise to many diseases.
8. The uncertainty of rainfall highly affects the agriculture.
9. Drought and famine are the serious problems of Indian farmers. Heavy rainfall sometimes causes floods.
10. ‘Loo’ in the summer season makes the outdoor life very difficult.
11. Good quality is produced when adequate amount of rain is received in proper time. But if monsoon is late and amount of rainfall is less it adversely affects the agriculture.
12. Climate diversities result in the diversity in the forest resources, animal resources, industries, transport and human life.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Other Important Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Tropic of cancer divides India into –
(a) Two zones
(b) Three zones
(c) Four Zones
(d) Seven zone
Answer:
(a) Two zones

Question 2.
Monsoon winds are related to –
(a) Weather
(b) Climate
(c) Season
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Weather

Question 3.
Retreating, monsoon season ranges from –
(a) March to May
(b) June to September
(c) October to November
(d) May to August
Answer:
(c) October to November

Question 4.
The state which receives sufficient rainfall during retreating monsoon is –
(a) Kerala
(b) Tamilnadu
(c) Bihar
(d) Assam
Answer:
(b) Tamilnadu

Question 5.
Which one is not the area of high rainfall?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Bihar
(d) Orissa
Answer:
(a) Western Ghats

Match the – following:

Answer:
1. (c) Tropical climate
2. (a) Formed from the Arabic word
3. (d) Meghalaya
4. (b) Mango shower

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is weather?
Answer:
Weather is the study of the atmospheric conditions like temperature, pressure, wind, humidity and rainfall over a short period of time or at a specific time at a particular place.

Question 2.
What is climate?
Answer:
The average weather conditions over a long period of time of a particular place is known as climate.

Question 3.
Name the type of climate found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon type of climate.

Question 4.
What are the factors responsible for a great diversity of climatic conditions?
Answer:
There are two factors which are responsible for a great diversity of climatic conditions.

• The typical geographical location
• Vast area of India.

Question 5.
Tropic of Cancer divides India into two zones. Name these zones
Answer:

• Tropical zone
• Sub-tropical zone.

Question 6.
Name the three highest rainfall months.
Answer:
June, July and August.

Question 7.
What are ‘Mango Showers’?
Answer:
Towards the end of the summer season, pre – monsoon showers are a common phenomenon in Kerala and the coastal areas of Karnataka. These showers are locally known as ‘Mango Showers’, since they help in early ripening of mangoes.

Question 8.
What is Kalbaishaki?
Answer:
Kalbaishaki in the local nomenclature means Calamity of the month of Baisakh. The north westerly and northerly winds in Bengal and Assam cause very sharp showers. They are essentially evening thunderstorms.

Question 9.
What are ‘Blossom Showers’?
Answer:
Thunderstorms developed in hot weather season cause some rainfall in Kerala. These rains are known as ‘Blossom Showers’ in Kerala because they are beneficial to the coffee plantation of the state.

Question 10.
Which state in India receives bulk of its rainfall from retreating monsoon?
Answer:
Tamilnadu.

Question 11.
Give one most striking characteristic feature of the monsoons?
Answer:
The most striking characteristic feature of the monsoons is the complete reversal of winds.

Question 12.
What is the average annual rainfall of India?
Answer:
It is 105 cm.

Question 13.
Name the areas of very high rainfall?
Answer:
Western Ghats (Kerala, Goa, Coastal Karnataka and Coastal Maharashtra) Assam, Mehgalaya and Eastern Himalayas.

Question 14.
What are jet streams?
Answer:
Jet streams are fast flowing winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by western disturbances?
Answer:
The shallow cyclonic depressions which originate over the Mediterranean and travel eastwards across Iran and Pakistan. These winds ultimately reaching the north – west part of India cause rainfall and other weather disturbances.

Question 2.
Name the states on the eastern coast which are frequently – struck by tropical cyclones.
Answer:
The states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Tamilnadu are frequently struck by the tropical cyclones.

Question 3.
Name the four seasons of India.
Answer:
On the basis of the monsoon variations the year is divided into four seasons:

• The cold weather season – December to February.
• The hot weather season – March to May.
• The South-west monsoon season – June to September.
• The retreating south – west monsoon season – October to November.

Question 4.
Write a note on retreating monsoons.
Answer:
The months of October and November are known for the retreating monsoons. During this season the pressure in north – west India becomes weaker and shifts southward. In the first week of September they withdraw from Rajasthan. In November it is above Karnataka and Tamilnadu. By mid – December it retires completely from the peninsular plateau. Tamilnadu receives sufficient rainfall during retreating monsoon. But the rest part of India remains dry.

Question 5.
Describe the cold weather season or winter season of India,
Answer:
The Cold Weather Season. Cold weather season lasts from December to February. Temperature varies from 10° to 15°C in Northern plains to 22°C in the southern part of the Peninsula. Due to cold, high pressure is created in the plains. So the winds blow out towards the equatorial low pressure.

These winds are dry and cold. Most parts of India experience fine weather with clear skies and bright sunshine. This season is dry season for India except North – west part of India which receives rainfall from the Mediterranean and the coast of Tamilnadu which gets rainfall from the Bay of Bengal.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Narrate the mechanism of the monsoons.
Answer:
The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which means season. The formation of season is the chief characteristic feature of this climate. The world ‘monsoon denotes a season in which the wind regime is completely reversed. The direction of wind is reversed periodically. The reversal of direction of the monsoon winds is attributed to the difference in annual temperature on the land and on the sea.

Tire variation in temperature on the land and the sea creates high atmospherics pressure on the sea during summer and on the land during winter season which gives rise to the change in direction of the winds with a change in pressure of tire land. Thus, India which basically falls in the Trade winds zone experiences sudden reversal of winds from Indian Ocean to the land area.

This wind picks up moisture from the sea and enters the country through Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Arabian Sea branch of the monsoons – is obstructed by the Western Ghats. The windward side of the Sahyadries receive very heavy rain. These winds then cross over the Western Ghats and cause rainfall in the Deccan Plateau, and Madhya Pradesh.

Thereafter they enter tire Ganga Plains and mingle with the Bay of Bengal branch. An other part of the Arabian Sea passes over the west Rajasthan and along the Aravallis, causing only a scanty rainfall. The Bay of Bengal branch moves towards the north – eastern coast and strikes the Arakan Hill along the Burmese coast.

But a big chunk of these winds is deflected and enters into the Indian sub – continent. This branch also splits into two parts, one part moving towards Ganga Plains and other towards Brahmputra Valley. Thus by July the entire country comes under the influence of monsoons.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 India: Drainage System

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Text Book Questions

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
River in its last stage form –
(a) Waterfall
(b) Flood plains
(c) Delta or Estuary
(d) Ox-Bow lake
Answer:
(d) Ox-Bow lake

Question 2.
Which of the following is not the characteristics of the rivers of Northern India?
(a) Less number of Waterfalls
(b) Used for transportation
(c) Meanders are not formed
(d) Receives water from snow and rainfall.
Answer:
(c) Meanders are not formed

Question 3.
Which of the following separates India and Sri Lanka?
(a) Gulf of Cambay
(b) Rann of Kutch
(c) Bay of Bengal
(d) Gulf of Mannar
Answer:
(a) Gulf of Cambay

Question 4.
Which of the following river is known as Dakshin Ganga?
(a) The Narmada
(b) The Krishna
(c) The Kaveri
(d) The Godavari
Answer:
(d) The Godavari

Question 5.
Which states are drained by river Krishna?
(a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
(b) Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
(d) Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisagarh, Orissa
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh

Fill in the blank:

1. The state of five rives is known as ……………..
2. The river Ganga rises from ………………. glacier.
3. The Narmada rises from the …………….. pleatue in Madhya Pradesh.
4. Hirakund Dam is built on the river ………………
5. Nagarjun Sagar Dam is built on the river ……………….

Answer:

1. Punjab
2. Gangotri
3. Amarkantak
4. The Mahanadi
5. The Krishna

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Drainage System?
Answer:
Drainage System means the river system of a particular area.

Question 2.
What do you mean by river capturing?
Answer:
When one river captures the water of the other river it is called river capturing.

Question 3.
Name four tributaries of river Ganga.
Answer:
Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi.

Question 4.
Name five tributaries of river Indus.
Answer:
Jhelum, Chinab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj.

Question 5.
What are the different names of river Brahmaputra in Bangladesh?
Answer:
Padma and Meghana are the different names of river Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.

Question 6.
Name five major lakes of India.
Answer:
Wular lake, Chilka lake, Koleru lake, Pullicat lake, Lonar lake.

Question 7.
Name two rivers which drain in Arabian sea.
Answer:
The Narmada and the Tapi.

Question 8.
Which place is known as the region of five rivers?
Answer:
Punjab is known as the region of five rivers.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the Indus river system.
Answer:
Indus river system comprises the Indus and its tributaries. The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km. It rises in Tibet near Mansarovar and flows towards west forming a beautiful 500 meters deep gorge in the Laddakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. From here it flows towards Southwest, enters Pakistan and finally joins the Arabian Sea. The five tributaries of Indus are Jhelum, Chmab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. This region of five rivers is known as Punjab.

Question 2.
Describe the characteristics of the rivers of Northern India.
Answer:
The characteristics of the rivers of Northern India are:

• The rivers of Northern India have their origin in Himalayas and the Northern slopes of Peninsular India.
• Waterfalls are less.
• They are navigable.
• These rivers form deep, valleys.
• These rivers form meanders River courses often shift.
• Receive water from ice and snow.

Question 3.
How do rivers affect the economy? Explain.
Answer:
Rivers play an important role in the economy of our country. Alluvial plains formed by rivers are used for agriculture. Rivers provide fresh drinking water. In the ancient times villages and cities were located on the bank of the rivers. Religious and cultural Centers are located on the banks. Dams are built for hydro – electricity and irrigation.

Question 4.
Explain the location of adjoining seas of India?
Answer:
Indian Peninsula is surrounded by seas from three sides. In its south lies the Indian Ocean, Arabian sea in the west and Bay of Bengal in the east. Andaman Sea is in the east of Andaman Nicobar Islands. Gulf of Mannar separates India and Sri Lanka. Gulf of Cam-bay and Rann of Kutch are located in the coastal part of Gujarat.

Question 5.
What is river pollution? How could river pollution be prevented?
Answer:
Effluents from industries and sewage from houses are discharged in the rivers. Dead animals are thrown in the rivers. All this pollute the rivers. Spread of Water Hyacinth also pollute the rivers. To overcome the river pollution, it is essential to stop discharging industrial effluents in the rivers. Water of sewage line should be purified. Rivers should be cleaned time – to – time. Public awareness regarding this problem is much more important.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the drainage system of Northern India.
Answer:
The rivers of Northern India receive water from rainfall as well as melting of snow from ice-capped mountains. As these rivers flow through high mountains they form deep valleys, gorges and waterfalls. In their nature stage deposition in the plains take place. They form meanders, ox-bow lake and flood plains in their middle and lower course. Three large rivers originate from Himalayas:

1. The Indus River System:
This system comprises the Indus and its tributaires. The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km. It rises in Tribet near Mansarovar and flows towards west forming a beautiful 500 meters deep gorge in the Laddakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. From here it flows towards southwest, enters Pakistan and finally joins the Arabian sea. The five tributaries of Indus are Jhelum, Chin’ab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. This region of five rivers is known as Punjab.

2. The Gangas River System:
The length of river Ganga is more than 2500 km. Its source is near Gangotri. The Ganga enters the plains near Haridwar. Its main tributaries are Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gandak and Kosi. These rivers form a fertile flood plain. They form meanders and ox-bow lakes. Near Ambala a water divide separates the Ganga and the Indus drainage system.

The Ganga receives some of its tributaries like Chambal, Ken, Betwa, Son and Damodar from the peninsular pleteau. Big dams have been built on these rivers which are used for hydro – electricity and irrigation. Flowing southward it forms a delta and finally joins Bay of Bengal. The main stream of the Ganges enters Bangladesh and when it joins Brahmaputra river it is called Meghana.

3. The Brahmaputra River System:
It rises near the Mansarovar iake and the Kailash mountains. It flows parallel to Himalayas and enters Arunachal Pradesh. In India it flows for 1400 km. Its tributaries include Dibang, Luhit, Dhansiri, Kalang etc. River courses often shift during floods. River islands are also formed. It is known as Tsangpo in Tibet, Brahmaputra in India and Padma and Meghana in Bangladesh. It forms a large delta and finally drains into Bay of Bengal.

Question 2.
Compare the rivers of Northern and Southern India.
Answer:
Rivers of Northern India:

• The rivers of Northern India have their origin in Himalayas and the Northern slopes of Peninsular India.
• Waterfalls are less.
• They are navigable.
• These rivers form deep valleys.
• These rivers form meanders.
• Receive water from melting ice and snow.

Rivers of Southern India:

• The rivers of Southern India have their origin in Western Ghats, Satpura and Peninsular Plateau.
• Waterfalls are more.
• They are not navigable.
• They flow in broad valleys.
• These rivers do not form meanders.
• Flow of water depends only on monsoon rainfall.

Question 3.
What is the importance of rivers in the economy? Explain.
Answer:
Rivers play an important role in the economy of our country. They are the lifeline of a country’s existence. Right from the beginning of the human civilization we have seen that people began to live on the bank of rivers. All the civilizations flourished there. The primary cause for this was that it had been the most convenient and cheapest means of transport. So, the trade and commerce flourished on the bailk of rivers. Most of the industrial towns have been settled along the river banks.

Dams and canals built on the rivers help us in our agriculture, which is the backbone of a country. We produce hydro -electricity from river water. Thus we see that rivers play a significant role in the economy of a country. Hence they must be protected from being polluted at all cost.

Questions related to Skill Development

Show the following in the outline map of India

1. Nilgiri Mountains
2. Narmada River
3. Sardar Sarovar Dam
4. Krishna River
5. Hirakud Dam

Or

1. Himalayan Mountain
2. Satpura Ranges
3. The Ganga Drainage System
4. Chambal River
5. Gandhi Sagar Dam

Project Work:
1. Students will prepare a model of river originating from Himalayas.
2. Prepare a model or chart of dams / canals or different projects made by man on the rivers and give a classroom presentation.
Answer:
Attempt yourself.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 other important questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The Ganga enters the plains near –
(a) Prayag
(b) Haridwar
(c) Rameshwaram
(d) Kurushetra
Answer:
(b) Haridwar

Question 2.
The two large westward flowing rivers are –
(a) Narmada and Ganga
(b) Tapi and Brahmaputra
(c) Narmada and Tapi
(d) Krishna and Indu.
Answer:
(c) Narmada and Tapi

Question 3.
Hirakund dam has been built on the river –
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Ganga
(c) Brahamputra
(d) Narmada.
Answer:
(a) Mahanadi

Question 4.
Sambhar Lake is in –
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Gujarat
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Utter Pradesh.
Answer:
(a) Rajasthan

Question 5.
Indian Peninsula is surrounded by seas from –
(a) Four sides
(b) Three sides
(c) Two sides
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Three sides

Fill in the blank:

1.  ……………… Lake is situated in Orissa a state.
2. Four tributaries of river Ganga are Yamuna, Ghagra …………… and ……………..
3. Narmada river originates from ………………… state.
4. River of Northern India are less …………………….
5. Sambhar Lake is in ………………..

Answer:

1. Chilka
2. Gandak, Kosi
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Waterfalls
5. Rajasthan.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which two factors form the drainage system?
Answer:
Amount of rainfall and topography form the drainage system.

Question 2.
What do you know about water divide?
Answer:
When we observe the river map of India we find that any highland like mountains separates two neighboring drainage basins. This highland is known as water divide.

Question 3.
In which two categories are the Indian rivers divided?
Answer:
The Indian rivers are divided in the following two categories:

• Rivers of Himalayas
• Rivers of Peninsula India

Question 4.
What is the main feature of the Himalayan rivers.
Answer:
The Himalayan rivers receive water throughout the year.

Question 5.
What is the length of the Indus river?
Answer:
The length of the Indus river is about 2900 km.

Question 6.
Where does the Brahmaputra river system rise?
Answer:
The Brahmaputra river system rises near the Mansarovar Lake and the Kailash mountains.

Question 7.
Name the rivers of Peninsular India?
Answer:
Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna and Kaveri.

Question 8.
Where does the Narmada river drain?
Answer:
The Narmada river drains in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Question 9.
Which is the largest river systems of the Peninsular India?
Answer:
The Godavari is the largest river system of the Peninsular India.

Question 10.
Name four tributaries of the Godavari?
Answer:
Wardha, Manjra, Venganga and Penganga.

Question 11.
Why are lakes important?
Answer:
Lakes are important for tourism, fish farming / formation of salt etc.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Ganga Drainage System.
Answer:
The length of river Ganga in more than 2500 km. Its source is near Gangotri. The Ganga enters the plains near Haridwar. Its main tributaries are Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi. These rivers form a fertile flood plain. They form meanders and ox-bow lakes. A water divide separates the Ganga and the Indus drainage system near Ambala.

The Ganga receives some of its tributatries like Chambal, Ken, Betwa, Son and Damodar from the Peninsular Plateau. Big dams have been built on these rivers which are used for hydro – electricity and irrigation. Flowing southward it forms a delta and finally join Bay of Bengal.

Question 2.
What are the main features of the rivers of Peninsular India?
Answer:
The main features of the rivers of Peninsular India are:

• They are seasonal.
• They flow frown a dry area.
• They do not form the plains.
• Rivers of Peninsular India like Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna and Kavari flow eastward and drain into Bay of Bengal. They form Delta.
• The rivers flowing into the west of Western Ghats are small.
• Narmada and Tapi, the two large westward flowing rivers, flow in a rift valley and forming a tidal mouth it joins Arabian Sea.

Question 3.
What are the main features of the rivers of Southern India?
Answer:
The main features of the rivers of Southern India are:

• The rivers of Southern India have their origin in Western Ghats, Satpura and Peninsular Plateau.
• Waterfalls are, more.
• Not navigable.
• They flow in broad valleys
• Meanders are not formed.
• Flow of water depends only on Monsoon rainfall.

Question 4.
Describe the important lakes of India.
Answer:
Wular lake is the glacial lake of Kashmir. There are few lakes in South India. They are the Lonar in Buldhana district of Maharashtra, the Ghilka in Orissa, the Koleru in Andhra Pradesh ahd the Pullicat in Tamil Nadu. Lakes formed due to glacial erosion in Uttrakhand are Nainital, Bhimtal and Rakshastal etc. Sambhar lake of Rajasthan is famous as salt-water lake.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the rivers of Peninsular India.
Answer:
The rivers of Peninsular India are:

• The Narmada,
• The Tapi
• The Godavari,
• The Mahanadi
• The Krishna
• The Kaveri.

1. The Narmada:
It rises from Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh flowing 1312 km. through a rift valley and finally drains in the Arabian Sea. It drains Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. It forms Dhuandhar fall in the marble rocks of Bheraghat near Jabalpur. Its tributaries are very small.

2. The Tapi:
It rises near Multai in Betul district in Satpura range of Madhya Pradesh. It is 724 km. long. It flows in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat and finally reaches Gulf of Cambay.

3. The Godavari:
It rises from Western Ghat near Nasik and flows for 1500 km in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh and drains in Bay of Bengal. Wardha, Manjra, Venganga and Penganga are its tributaries. It is the largest river system in the Peninusular India.

4. The Mahanadi:
It rises in Sihawa, a highland of Chhattisgarh. It is 858 km. long. Its drainage basin lies in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa, Hirakud Dam is build on this river.

5. The Krishna:
It rises in Maharashtra near Mahabaleshwar. It is 1400 km. long. It flows in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Its Major tributaries are Koyna, Panchganga, Malprabha, Ghatphrabha, Bhima, Musi and Tungbhadra. Almati and Nagarjun Sagar Dam are built on this river.

6. The Kaveri:
It rises in the Brahmagiri hills in Co-org district. It is 60 km. long. Its tributaries are Hemavati, Amaravati and Bhavani.

MP Board Class 9th Social Science Solutions