MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds

MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds NCERT Intext Exercises

Question 1.
Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:

  1. Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride
  2. Potassium tetracyanonickelate (II)
  3. tris (ethane-1,2-diamine) chromium (III) chloride
  4. Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N- platinate(II)
  5. Dichlorido 6/s(ethane-1,2-diamine) platinum (IV)nitrate
  6. Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II).

Answer:

  1. [CO(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl3
  2. K2[Ni(CN)4]
  3. [Cr(en)3]Cl3
  4. [Pt(NH3)BrCl NO2]
  5. [PtCl2(en)2](NO3)2
  6. Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.

Question 2.
Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

  1. [CO(NH3)6]Cl3
  2. [CO(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
  3. K3[Fe(CN)6]
  4. K3[Fe(C2O4)3]
  5. K2|PdCl4]
  6. [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl.

Answer:

  1. Hexa ammine cobalt(III) chloride
  2. Pentaamminechloridocobalt(IlI) chloride
  3. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
  4. Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)
  5. Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II)
  6. Diamminechlorido(methanamine)platinum(II) chloride.

Question 3.
Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers :
(i) K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2]
(ii) [Co(en)3]Cl3
(iii) CO(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2]
(iv) [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2].
Answer:
(i) K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2] shows geometrical isomers :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 1
cls-isomers exhibits optical isomerism :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 2
(ii) [Co(en)3Cl3] exhibits optical isomerism :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 3
(iii) [CO(NH3)5NO2](NO3)2 shows ionisation isomerism [Co(NH3)5NO2](NO3)2 and [Co(NH3)5-NO3](NO2)(NO3). This also shows linkage isomerism.
[CO(NH3)5NO2](NO3)2 and [Co(NH3)5(ONO)] NO3.

(iv) [Pt(NH3)(H2O)Cl2] shows geometrical isomerism.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 4

Question 4.
Give evidence that [CO(NH3)5Cl]SO4 and [CO(NH3)5SO4]Cl are ionization isomers.
Answer:
The ionisation isomers dissolve in water to yield different ions and thus react differently to various reagents:
[CO(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ba2+ → BaSO4(s) (White precipitate)
[CO(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ba2+ → No reaction
[CO(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ag+ → No reaction
[CO(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ag+ → AgBr(s) (Pale yellow precipitate)

Question 5.
Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]2- ion with square planar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]2- ion with tetrahedral geometry is paramagnetic.
Answer:
[Ni(CN)4]2-: The oxidation state of Ni is +2 in the complex. Its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8. It undergoes dsp2 hybridization. Because CN being a strong ligand causes the pairing of electrons.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 5
[NiCl4]2-: The oxidation state of Ni is +2 in the complex. Its electronic configuration is (Ar)3d8. It undergoes sp3 hybridization. Because Cl being a weak field ligand does not cause pairing of the electron.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 6
Two unpaired electrons are present in the complexion, hence it is paramagnetic in nature.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
[NiCl4]2- is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why?
Answer:
In Ni(CO)4, Ni is in zero oxidation state whereas in NiCl2-4, it is in +2 oxidation state. In the presence of CO ligand, the unpaired d electrons of Ni pair up but Cl being a weak ligand is unable to pair up the unpaired electrons.

Question 7.
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]3- is weakly para-magnetic. Explain.
Answer:
In both the complexes, Fe is in a +3 oxidation state with the configuration 3d5. CN is a strong ligand. In its presence, 3d-electrons pair up leaving only one unpaired electron. The hybridization is d2sp3 forming an inner orbital complex. H2O is a weak ligand. In its presence, 3d-electrons do not pair up. The hybridization is sp3d2 forming an outer orbital complex containing five unpaired electrons. Hence, it is strongly paramagnetic.

Question 8.
Explain [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is an outer orbital complex.
Answer:
In the presence of NH3, the 3d electrons pair up leaving two d orbitals empty to be involved in d2sp3 hybridisation forming inner orbital complex in case of [CO(NH3)6)2+. In Ni(NH3)62+, Ni is in a +2 oxidation state and has a ds configuration, the hybridisation involved is sp3d2 forming an outer orbital complex.

Question 9.
Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar [Pt(CN)4]2- ion.
Answer:
The platinum atom has the ground state electronic configuration 5d4 6s1. In the complex, Ft is in a +2 oxidation state and has the electronic configuration 5d8. To have square planar geometry, one of the 5d-orbitals is vacated and all the other four orbitals get a pair of electrons. Therefore, it involves dsp2 hybridization and is diamagnetic.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 7

Question 10.
The hexaaquomanganese(II) ion contains five unpaired electrons, while the hexacyano ion contains only one unpaired electron. Explain using Crystal Field Theory.
Answer:
Mn in +2 oxidation state has the electronic configuration 3d5. H2O is a weak ligand. In presence of H2O molecules, the distribution of electrons is \(t^{3}_{2 g} e_{g 2}\), all the electrons are unpaired.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 8
CN is a strong ligand. In its presence, the distribution of electrons is \(t_{2 g}^{5}\) i e one unpaired electron is present.

Question 11.
Calculate the overall complex dissociation equilibrium constant for the Cu(NH3)2+4 ion, given that β4 for this complex is 2.1 × 1013.
Solution:
Overall complex dissociation equilibrium constant is the reciprocal of the overall stability constant.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 9

MP Board Solutions

Coordination Compounds NCERT Textbook Exercises

Question 1.
Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates.
Answer:
Werner’s postulates explain the bonding in coordination compounds as follows:
(i) A metal exhibits two types of valencies namely, primary and secondary valencies.
Primary valencies are satisfied by negative ions while secondary valences are satisfied by both negative and neutral ions.
(In modem terminology the primary valency corresponds to the oxidation number of the metal ion, whereas the secondary valency refers to the coordination number of the metal ion)

(ii) A metal ion has a definite number of secondary valences around the central atom. Also, these valences project in a specific direction in the space assigned to the definite geometry of the coordination compound.

(iii) Primary valences are usually ionisable, while secondary valences are non ionisable.

MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 10

Question 2.
FeSO4 solution mixed with (NH4)2SO4 solution in 1:1 molar ratio gives the test of Fe2+ ion but CuSO4 solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in 1:4 molar ratio does not give the test of Cu2+ ion. Explain, why?
Answer:
FeSO4 solution mixed with (NH4)2SO4 solution in 1 : 1 molar ratio given double salt, FeSO4(NH4)2.SO4.6H2O (Mohr’s salt). Being double salt, it ionizes in the solution to give Fe2+ ions. Hence, it gives the test of Fe2+ ions. CuSO4 solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in 1 : 4 molar ratio gives a complex compound.
CuSO4 + 4NH3 → [CU(NH3)4]SO4.
The complexion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ does not ionise to give Cu2+ ions. Hence, it doesn’t give the test of Cu2+ ions.

Question 3.
Explain with two examples each of the following: co-ordination entity, ligand, coordination number, coordination polyhedron, homoleptic and heteroleptic.
Answer:
Co-ordination entity: This entity usually constitutes a central metal atom or ion, to which are attached a fixed number of other atoms or ions or groups by co-ordinate bonds.
e.g. [Ni(CO4)], [CoCl3(NH3)3], etc.
Ligand: It is an ion having at least one lone pair of electrons and capable of forming a coordinate bond with the central atom/ion in the coordination entity.
e.g. Cl, (OH), (CN), etc.
Co-ordination number: The total number of co-ordination bonds with which the central atom/ion is linked to ligands in the co-ordination entity is called the co-ordination number of central atom/ion.
Co-ordination polyhedron: The spatial arrangement of the ligands which are directly attached to the central atom/ion defines a co-ordination polyhedron about the central atom.
e.g. [CO(NH3)6]3+ is octahedral, [Ni(CO)4] is tetrahedral.
Homoleptic and heteroleptic: Complexes in which a metal is bound to only one kind of donor groups are known as homoleptic.
eg. [CO(NH3)6]3+.
Complex in which a metal is bound to more than one kind of donor groups are called heteroleptic. e.g. [CO(NH3)4Cl2]+

Question 4.
What is meant by unidentate, bidentate and ambidentate ligands? Give two examples for each.
Answer:
Unidentate ligand: When a ligand is bound to a metal ion through a single donor atom as with Cl, H2O. The ligand is said to be unidentate.
Didentate ligand : When a ligand is bind through two donor atoms the ligand is said to be didentate.
Example: C2O2-4 (Oxalate)
H2NCH2 – CH2NH2 (ethane 2 diammine)
Ambidentate ligand : Ligand which can ligate through two different atoms is called ambidentate ligand.
Example : -NO2– and SCN.

Question 5.
Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following co-ordination entities:
(i) [Co(H2O)(CN)(en)2]2+
(ii) [CoBr2(en)2]+
(iii) [PtCl4]2-
(iv) K3[Fe(CN)6]
(v) [Cr(NH3)3Cl3].
Answer:
(a) x + (-1) = +2, x = +3
(b) x + 4(-1) = -2,x = +2
(c) x + 3 (-1) = 0, x = +3
(d) x + 2 (-1) = +1, x = +3
(e) x + 6 (-1) = -3, x = +3.

Question 6.
Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following :

  1. Tetrahydroxozincate(II)
  2. Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II)
  3. Diamminedichloridoplatinum(II)
  4. Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)
  5. Pentaamminenitrito-o-cobalt(III)
  6. Hexaamminecobalt(III) sulphate
  7. Potassium tri-(oxalato)chromate(III)
  8. Hexaammineplatinum(IV)
  9. Tetrabromidocuprate(II)
  10. Pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt(III).

Answer:

  1. [Zn(OH]2-
  2. K2[PdCl4]
  3. [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
  4. K2[Ni(CN)4]
  5. [CO(NH3)5(ONO)]2+
  6. [CO(NH3)6]2 (SO4)3
  7. K3[Cr(C2O4)3]
  8. [Pt(NH3)6]4+
  9. [Cu(Br)4]2-
  10. [CO(NH3)5(NO2)]2+.

Question 7.
Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following :

  1. [CO(NH3)6]CI3
  2. [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NH2CH3)]Cl
  3. [Ti(H2O)6]3+
  4. [CO(NH3)4Cl(NO2)]Cl
  5. [Mn(H2O)6]2+
  6. [NiCl4]2-
  7. [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
  8. [Co(en)3]3+
  9. [Ni(CO)4].

Answer:

  1. Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
  2. Diammine chlorido (methylamine) platinum (II) chloride
  3. Hexaquatitanium(III) ion
  4. Tetraamminechloridonitrito-N-Cobalt(III) chloride
  5. Hexaquamanganese(II) ion
  6. Tetrachloridonickelate(II) ion
  7. Hexaamminenickel(II) chloride
  8. tris (ethane-1, 2-diammine) cobalt(III) ion
  9. Tetracarbonylnickel (0).

Question 8.
List various types of isomerism possible for co-ordination compounds, giving an example of each.
Answer:
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds: Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms are-called isomers.
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds is given below:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 11

1. Structural Isomerism:
This type of isomerism arises due to the difference in structures of coordination compounds. It is further subdivided into four different types as explained below :

(a) Ionization isomerism: This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which have the same composition but liberate different ions in solution.
Example : [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 (dark violet). It liberates SO2-4 ions in solution, whereas [Co(NH3)5 SO4] (red) liberates Br- ions in solution. Both of these are ionization isomers.

(b) Co-ordination isomerism: This type of isomerism is shown by such a compound which contains both cationic and anionic species and it arises from the interchange of ligands between cationic and anionic entities of different metal ions present in a complex.
For example, [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6]
hexaamminecobalt (III) hexacyano chromate (III) and hexaamminechromium (III) hexacyano- cobalt (III).

(C) Linkage isomerism: Linkage isomerism occurs when different atoms of the ligand are attached to the central metal ion. The structure obtained are called linkage isomers. Such type of ligands are called ambidentate ligands.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 12
In structure, I Ni2+ is linked by thiocyanate sulphur and in structure II it is linked by a nitrogen atom.
Ionisation Isomerism: This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which have the same composition but liberate different ions in solution.
[Co (NH3)5 Br]SO4 – It liberates SO2-4 ions.
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br – It liberates Br ions.

(d) Hydrate isomerism: This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which differ in the number of molecules of water inside the coordination sphere.

Example: The three hydrate isomers are as follows:

  1. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 (violet)
  2. [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O (green)
  3. [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O (darkgreen).

2. Stereoisomerism
Two compounds are called stereoisomers when they contain the same ligand in their co-ordination sphere but differ in their spatial arrangement. Stereoisomerism is further classified as geometrical and optical isomerism.

(a) Geometrical isomerism: When the ligands are situated at a different position around the metal it gives rise to geometrical isomerism. The isomer in which similar groups are in adjacent position (making an angle 90° with metal ion) is called c/s-isomer. The isomer in which the similar group occupies the opposite position (making an angle of 180° with metal ion) is called trans-isomer.

This type of isomerism is observed in square planar (CN = 4) and octahedral (CN = 6) types of complexes.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 13

(b) Optical Isomerism: Optical isomers are sensitive to plane polarised light. When light passed through the solution of optically active substances these rotate the light-plane in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

This type of isomerism is exhibited by the substances which are a mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed. Optical isomerism is shown by the substances which have a minimum one asymmetric carbon atom.

The compound which rotates plane-polarized light in left side are called l-isomers and which rotates in right side called d-isomers. These types of isomerism are generally found in the tetrahedral complex [-CN = 4] and octahedral complex [-CN = 6].

(i) Tetrahedral complex : [As (CH3) (C2H5) (S) (C6H4COO)]2+
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 14
(ii) Octahedral complex : [CO(en)2]3+
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 15

Question 9.
How many geometrical isomers are possible in the following co-ordination entities :

  1. [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
  2. [CO(NH3)3Cl3].

Answer:

  1. Nil
  2. Two (fac and mer).

Question 10.
Draw the structures of optical isomers of:
(i) [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
(ii) [PtCl2(en)2]2+
(iii) [Cr(NH3)2Cl2(en)]+.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 16
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 17
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 18

Question 11.
Draw all the isomers (geometrical and optical) of:
(i) [CoCl2(en)2]+
(ii) [Co(NH3)Cl(en)2]2+
(iii) [Co(NH3)2Cl2(en)]+.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 19
cis-isomer will show optical isomer [see question (ii)]
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 20
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 21
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 22
cis isomer shows optical isomers

Question 12.
Write all the geometrical isomers of [Pt(NH3)(Br) (Cl)(py)] and how many of these will exhibit optical isomers?
Answer:
Three isomers:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 23
These type of isomer do not show optical isomerism. Optical isomerism in square planar complexes occurs only with unsymmetrical chelating ligand.

Question 13.
Aqueous copper sulphate solution (blue in colour) gives:
(i) A green precipitate with aqueous potassium fluoride, and
(ii) A bright green solution with aqueous potassium chloride. Explain these experimental results.
Answer:
Aqueous copper sulphate exists as [Cu(H2O)4]SO4 which has blue colour due to [CU(H2O)4]2+ ions.

  • When KF is added, the weak water ligand are replaced by F ligand and forms [CUF4]2+ ions which is green precipitate.
    [CU(H2O)4]SO4 + 4F → [CUF4]2- + 4H2O.
  • When KCl is added, the weak water ligand are replaced by CT ion forming [CuCl4]2- which has bright green colour.
    [CU(H2O)4C1] SO4 + 4C1 → [CUC14]2- + 4H2O.

Question 14.
What is the coordination entity formed when an excess of aqueous KCN is added to an aqueous solution of copper sulphate? Why is it that no precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained when H2S(g) is passed through this solution?
Answer:
CuSO4(aq) + 4KCN (aq) → K2Cu (CN)4](aq) + K2SO4
i.e. [Cu (H2O)4]2+ + 4CN → [Cu (CN)4]2- + 4H2O
Thus, the coordination entity formed in the process is K2 [Cu (CN)4]. K2 [Cu (CN)4] is a very stable complex which does not ionize to give Cu2+ ions when added to water. Hence Cu2+ ions are not precipitated when H2S(g) is passed through the solution.

Question 15.
Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the basis of valence bond theory :

  1. [Fe(CN)6]4-
  2. [FeF6]3-
  3. [Co(C2O4)3]3-
  4. [CoF6]3-

Answer:

  1. [Fe(CN)6]4- : d2sp3, octahedral, diamagnetic (Refer NCERT Text-book).
  2. [FeF6]3- : sp3d2, octahedral, paramagnetic (Refer NCERT Text-book) Similar to [CoF6],
  3. [Co(C2O)4]3- : d2sp3, octahedral, paramagnetic (similar to [Fe(CN)6]4-).
  4. [CoF6]3- : sp3 d2, octahedral, paramagnetic (Refer NCERT Text-book).

Question 16.
Draw a figure to show the splitting of 4-orbitals in an octahedral crystal field.
Answer:
CFSE can be calculated as :
CFSE = [-0.4x + 0.6y]∆0
Where, ∆0 = CFSE in octahedral complex
x = Number of electrons in t2g orbitals
y = Number of unpaired electrons in eg orbitals.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 24

Question 17.
What is spectrochemical series? Explain the difference between a weak field ligand and a strong field ligand.
Answer:
A spectrochemical series is the arrangement of common ligands in the increasing order of their crystal field splitting energy (CSFE) values the ligands present on the RHS of the series are strong fields ligands while those on the LHS are weak field ligands. Also, strong-field ligands cause higher splitting in the d orbitals than weak field ligands.
I < Br < S2- < SCN< Cl < N3 < F < OH< C2O42- ~ H2O < NCS ~ H < CN < NH3, < en ~ SO32-2- < NO2 < phen < CO

Question 18.
What is crystal field splitting energy (CFSE)? How does the magnitude of ∆0 decide the actual configuration of d-orbitals in a co-ordination entity?
Answer:
When ligands approach a transition metal ion, the 4-orbital split into two sets, with lower energy and higher energy. The difference of energy between two sets of orbitals is called crystal field splitting energy (CFSE) i.e. ∆0 for the octahedral field.
For example, the d4 system has the following configuration depending upon ∆0.

  • If ∆0 < P (pairing energy), the 4th e entres one of the eg orbital giving configuration. \(t_{2 \mathrm{g}}^{4} e_{g 0}\)
  • If ∆0 > P, the 4th e paired up in one of the eg orbital giving \(t_{2 \mathrm{g}}^{3} e_{g 1}\) configuration.

Question 19.
[Cr(NH3)6]3+ is paramagnetic while |Ni(CN)4]2- is diamagnetic. Explain, why?
Answer:
[Cr(NH3)6]3+ ion is paramagnetic whereas [Ni(CN4)]2+ is diamagnetic.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 25
Six NH3 ligands donate electrons and form d2 sp3 hybrid orbitals. Since there are three unpaired electrons in 3d subshell. Thus, [Cr(NH3)6]3+ ion is paramagnetic.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 26
CN ion is a strong ligand.
Therefore, it forces the electrons to pair up in 3d subshell and vacant them which participate in hybridization. One 4.9, two 4p, and one 4d subshell form dsp2 hybrid orbital.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 27

Question 20.
A solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green but a solution of [Ni(CN)4]2- is colourless. Explain.
Answer:
H2O is a weak ligand [Ni(H2O)6]2- is an outer orbital complex. The complex has two unpaired electrons. The d-d transition is possible. It absorbs red light and complementary green light is emitted.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 28
CN is a strong ligand. The unpaired electrons are paired up. The central atoms undergo dsp2 hybridization. The square planar complex is formed. No unpaired electrons are present i. e. d-d transition is not possible, hence the complex is colourless.

Question 21.
[Fe(CN)6]4- and [Fe(H2O)6]2+ are of different colours in dilute solutions, why?
Answer:
The colour of a particular coordination compound depends on the magnitude of crystal field splitting energy ∆. This CFSE in turn depends on the nature of the ligand. In case of [Fe (CN)6)4- and [Fe (H2O)6]2- the colour differs because there is a difference in the CFSE. Now, CN is a strong field ligand having a higher CFSE value as compared to the CFSE value of water. This means that the absorption of energy for the extra d- d transition also differed. Hence, the transmitted colour also different.

Question 22.
Discuss the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.
Answer:
The metal-carbon bonds in metal carbonyls have both s and p characters. M-C σ-bond is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of the metal. M-C π-bond is formed by the donation of a pair of electrons from the filled metal d orbital into the vacant anti-bonding π* orbital of carbon monoxide. This is also known as back bonding of the carbonyl group. The metal to ligand bonding creates a synergic effect which strengthens the bond between CO and the metal. This synergic effect strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.

Question 23.
Give the oxidation state, rf-orbital occupation and co-ordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes :
(i) K3[CO(C2O4)3]
(ii) cis-[Cr(en)2Cl2]Cl
(iii) (NH4)2[CoF4]
(iv) [Mn(H2O)6]SO4.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 29

Question 24.
Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration, and coordination number. Also, give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:

  1. K[Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2].3H2O
  2. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
  3. CrCl3(py)3
  4. Cs[FeCl4]
  5. K4[Mn(CN)6].

Answer:

  1. Potassium diaquadioxalatochromate (III) hydrate.
  2. Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride
  3. Trichloridotripyridinechromium (III)
  4. Caesium tetrachloroferrate (III)
  5. Potassium hexacyanomanganate(II).

MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 30

MP Board Solutions

Question 25.
What is meant by the stability of a coordination compound in solution? State the factors which govern the stability of complexes.
Answer:
The stability of a complex in a solution refers to the degree of association between the two species involved in a state of equilibrium. Stability can be expressed quantitatively in terms of stability constant or formation constant.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 31
For this reaction, the greater the value of the stability’ constant, the greater is the proportion of ML3 in the solution. Stability can be of two types:

(a) Thermodynamic stability : The extent to which the complex will be formed or will be transformed into another species at the point of equilibrium is determined by thermodynamic stability.

(b) Kinetic stability: This helps in determining the speed with which the transformation will occur to attain the state of equilibrium.

Factors affect complex compounds :

  1. Nature of metal ion: The term nature means change density on the central metal ion, the greater the charge density more will be the stability of the complex.
  2. Size of metal ion:
    MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 32
  3. Nature of ligand (a): If the ligand is small in size and its charge is more, the complex will be more stable.
  4. Greater the basicity of ligand, greater the stability of the complex.
  5. Chelate ligand: Complex formed by chelate ligand is ten times more stable than ordinary ligand.
  6. Nature of solvent: If metal and ligand are made to react in a solvent of low dielectric constant and low dipole moment, the stability of the complex increases.

Question 26.
What is meant by the chelate effect? Give an example.
Answer:
When a ligand attaches to the metal ion in a manner that forms a ring, then the metal-ligand association is found to be more stable. In other words, we can say that com-plexes containing chelate rings are more stable than complexes without rings. This is known as the chelate effect for example :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 33

Question 27.
Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:
1. Biological system
2. Medicinal chemistry
3. Analytical chemistry
4. Extraction/metallurgy of metals.
Answer:
1. Biological system: Zinc and iron deficiency of plants is very common. Plants require iron and zinc for healthy growth. When applied to the soil in the form of their soluble salts, these increase metals get precipitated in the form of their hydroxides at pH 7-8 the soil.

To prevent it and their rapid and absorption by the plants, their soluble complexes like iron-EDTA and zinc-EDTA are used.

2. Medicinal chemistry: Many coordination complexes are used in medicines:
(i) Vitamin B12 which is used to prevent anemia is a complex compound of cobalt (I), an unusual oxidation state of cobalt.
(ii) The platinum complex cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] known as cisplatin is used in the treatment of cancer. It also inhibits the growth of fiimours. This is known as Chemotherapy.
(iii) The excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands D-penicillamine and desferrioxamine-B via the formation of coordination compounds.
(iv) The chelate complex of calcium and EDTA is used in the treatment of lead poi¬soning. Inside the body calcium in the complex is replaced by lead. The more soluble lead- EDTA complex is eliminated in urine.

3. Analytical chemistry: Co-ordination compounds find their applications in both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis.
(a) In qualitative analysis: The formation of a complex substance by using suitable reagents is very effectively used in the separation and detection of cations in qualitative analysis. For example :

(i) The separation of Ag+ from \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}^{+2}\) in the first group of analysis is based on the fact that, while silver chloride is soluble in aqueous ammonia and Hg2Cl2 forms back. The insoluble complexes can be separated by filtration.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 34
(ii) Similarly, separation of Cd+2 from Cu+2 could also be achieved by treating the solution of Cu+2 and Cd+2 with excess of CN reaction takes place.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 35
Now, when H2S is passed in the solution, ionic product does not exceed the Ksp of Cl2S due to the formation of a highly stable complex of copper and hence only CdS gets precipitated.

(b) In quantitive analysis : (i) Gravimetric estimation of Ni+2 is carried out by precipitating Ni+2 as red nickel-dimethyl oxime complex in thr presence of ammonia.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 36
(ii) EDTA is a versatile complexing agent. It is used in the complexometric determina¬tion of several metal ions such as Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2, Mn+2, Fe+2, Co+2, Ni+2 etc.

4. Extraction/metallurgy of metals: The extraction of silver and gold is done by the formation of cyanide complexes. The crushed ore is treated with an aqueous cyanide solution in the presence of air to dissolve gold by forming the soluble complex ion [Au(CN)2].
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 37
The complex is separated and then treated with an electropositive metal, such as zinc to recover gold.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 38
The extraction of nickel by means of Mond’s process is based on the preparation of volatile nickel carbonyl. Carbon monoxide gas is passed over impure nickel metal at about 70 °C to form the volatile nickel carbonyl. Distillation of this at 200°C yields nickel.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 39

Question 28.
How many ions are produced from the complex [Co(NH3)6CI2] in solution :
(i) 6
(ii) 4
(iii) 3
(iv) 2.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 40

Question 29.
Amongst the following ions which one has the highest magnetic moment value:
(i) [Cr(H2O)6]3+
(ii) [Fe(H2O)6]2+
(iii) [Zn(H2O)6]2+
Answer:
(ii) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ has the highest magnetic moment because the Fe2+ ion has maximum Cl unpaired electrons.

Question 30.
The oxidation number of cobalt in K[Co(CO)4] is :
(i) +1
(ii) +3
(iii) -1
(iv) -3.
Answer:
(c) K[Co(CO)4]
1 + x + 0 = 0
x = -1.

Question 31.
Amongst the following, the most stable complex is :
(i) [Fe(H2O)6]3+
(ii) [Fe(NH3)6]3+
(iii) [Fe(C2O4)3]3-
(iv) [FeCl6]3-.
Answer:
(iii) [Fe(C2O4)3]3- is most stable because it is chelate ligand complex.

Question 32.
What will be the correct order for the wavelengths of absorption in the visible region for the following:
[Ni(NO2)6]4-, [Ni(NH3)6]2+, [Ni(H2O)6]2+.
Answer:
In all the three complexes, the central metal ion is the same hence, the increasing field strengths of the ligand from the spectrochemical series are in the order :
H2O < NH3 < NO2
Thus, the energies absorbed for excitation will be in the order :
[Ni(H2O)6]2+ < [Ni(NH3)6]2+ < [Ni(NO2)6]4-.
As E = \(\frac{h c}{\lambda}\) , the wavelength absorbed will be in opposite order.

MP Board Solutions

Coordination Compounds Other important Questions and Answers

Coordination Compounds Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The correct structural formula of Zeise’s salt is :
(a) K+ [PtCl3(C2H4)]
(b) K+ [PtCl2(n2 – C2H4]Cl
(c) K2 [PtCl3(n – C2H4)]
(d) K+ [PtCl3(n2 – C2H4)]
Answer:
(d) K+ [PtCl3(n2 – C2H4)]

Question 2.
Which of the following is not an olefinic organometallic :
(a) C4H4Fe(CO)3
(b) (C2H4PtCl3)2
(c) Be(CH2)2
(d) K[C2H4PtCl3].3H2O.
Answer:
(c) Be(CH2)2

Question 3.
IUPAC name of K3[Al(C2O4)3] is :
(a) Potassium alumino oxalate
(b) Potassium trioxalato aluminate (III)
(c) Potassium aluminium (III) oxalate
(d) Potassium trioxalato aluminate (IV).
Answer:
(b) Potassium trioxalato aluminate (III)

Question 4.
AgCl is soluble in aqueous ammonia due to formation of:
(a) [Ag(NH3)2+
(b) [Ag(NH4)2]+
(c) [Ag(NH3 )4 ]+
(d) [Ag(NH3)2]+.
Answer:
(d) [Ag(NH3)2]+.

Question 5.
Which of the following gives a white precipitate in aqueous solution with silver nitrate :
(a) [Cr(NH3)5Cl](NO2)2
(b) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(c) [Pt(CN)2Cl2]
(d) [Pt(NH3)2]Cl2.
Answer:
(d) [Pt(NH3)2]Cl2.

Question 6.
Correct nomenclature of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 is :
(a) Ferroso ferric cyanide
(b) Ferric ferrous hexacyanate
(c) Iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (III)
(d) Hexa cyano ferrate (III-II).
Answer:
(c) Iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (III)

Question 7.
Number of geometrical isomers of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] will be :
(a) Two
(b) One
(c) Three
(d) Four.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 8.
In co-ordination compounds, coordination number of metal is :
(a) Equal to primary valency
(b) Sum of primary and secondary valency
(c) Equal to secondary valency
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Equal to secondary valency

Question 9.
In which of the following complex, oxidation state of metal is zero :
(a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(b) [Cr(CO)6]
(c) [Cr(NH3)3Cl3]
(d) [Cr(CN)2Cl2].
Answer:
(b) [Cr(CO)6]

Question 10.
Which of the following is not an organometallic compound :
(a) Ethyl magnesium bromide
(b) Tetra-ethyl lead
(c) Sodium ethoxide
(d) Tetra methyl aluminium.
Answer:
(c) Sodium ethoxide

Question 11.
Co-ordination number of Fe in [Fe(CN)6]4-, (Fe(CN)6]3- and [Fe(Cl)4] is:
(a) 2, 2, 3
(b) 6, 6, 4
(c) 6, 3, 3
(d) 6, 4, 6.
Answer:
(b) 6, 6, 4

Question 12.
Example of dsp2 hybridization is:
(a) [Fe(CN)6]3-
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2-
(c) [Zn(NH3)4]2+
(d) [FeF6]3-
Answer:
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2-

Question 13.
Which of the following complex is used as an anti-cancer agent:
(a) trans[Co(NH3)3Cl3]
(b) cis[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(c) cis-K2[PtCl2Br2]
(d) Na2CO3.
Answer:
(b) cis[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

Question 14.
Correct order of hybridization of central atoms in NH3.[PtCl4]2- PCl5 and BCl3 is:
(a) dsp2, dsp3, sp2 and sp3
(b) sp3, sp3, sp2 and sp2
(c) dsp2, sp2, sp3 and dsp3
(d) dsp2, sp3, sp2 and dsp3
Answer:
(b) sp3, sp3, sp2 and sp2

Question 15.
Oxidation state of Fe in Fe(CO)5 complex is:
(a) -1
(b) +2
(c) +4
(d) Zero.
Answer:
(d) Zero.

Question 16.
Grignard reagent is:
(a) Organometallic compound
(b) Complex compound
(c) Double salt
(d) Neutral compound.
Answer:
(a) Organometallic compound

Question 17.
Structure of complex salts was proposed by:
(a) Berzelius
(b) Werner
(c) Raoult
(d) Faraday.
Answer:
(b) Werner

Question 18.
Mohrs salt is :
(a) Double salt
(b) Complex salt
(c) Neutral salt
(d) Reagent.
Answer:
(a) Double salt

Question 19.
The formula of sodium nitro prusside is :
(a) Na4 [Fe (CN)5 NO5]
(b) Na2 [Fe (CN)5 NO]
(c) NaFe [Fe (CN)6]
(d) Na2 [Fe (CN)6 NO2].
Answer:
(b) Na2 [Fe (CN)5 NO]

Question 20.
Which of the following compound is different:
(a) Potassium ferrocyanide
(b) Ferrous ammonium sulphate
(c) Potassium ferricyanide
(d) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate.
Answer:
(b) Ferrous ammonium sulphate

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks :

  1. cis [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] complex is used as an …………………… agent.
  2. Haemoglobin is a …………………… compound of iron.
  3. Geometrical isomerism is found in both …………………… and …………………… complexes.
  4. Oxidation state of Ni in Ni(CO)4 is ……………………
  5. Diethyl zinc is a …………………… compound.
  6. The correct I.U.P.A.C. name of K4[Fe(CN)6] is ……………………
  7. Oxidation state of Co in [Co (E.D.T.A)] is ……………………
  8. The formula of dibromo chlorotriaquo chromium (III) is ……………………
  9. [COF6]-3 is a spin …………………… complex.
  10. The formula of antiknock organo-metallic substance is ……………………
  11. E. D. T. A is …………………… ligand.

Answers:

  1. Anti-cancer
  2. Complex
  3. Tetrahedral, Octahedral
  4. Zero
  5. Organo-metallic compound
  6. Pottassium hexacyano ferrate (II)
  7. +3
  8. [Cr(H2O)3Cl Br2]
  9. High
  10. Tetra ethyl lead (C2H5)4Pb
  11. Hexadentate.

Question 3.
Match the following :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 41
Answer:

  1. (h)
  2. (g)
  3. (f)
  4. (e)
  5. (b)
  6. (d)
  7. (a)
  8. (c)
  9. (i).

Question 4.
Answer in one word/sentence :

  1. Which type of isomerism is found in [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br ?
  2. Name the organo-metallic compound which is used as an antiknock compound in petrol.
  3. Complexes of E.D.T.A. formed with calcium is used to remove the poisoning caused due to which metal ?
  4. How is the structure of dibenzene ?
  5. What type of hybridization is found in [Ni(CO)4] ?
  6. Which type of isomerism is represented by [Cr(H2O)5SCN]2+ and [Cr(H2O)5NCS]2+ ?

Answers:

  1. Ionization isomerism
  2. Tetra ethyl lead
  3. Lead
  4. Sandwich
  5. sp3
  6. Linkage isomerism.

MP Board Solutions

Coordination Compounds Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain double salt and complex salt. Give one-one example of each.
Answer:
Double salt: Double salts are additive compounds which are stable in the crys-tal lattice but when dissolved in water break into different compounds.
Example : Ferrous ammonium sulphate is a double salt which ionise in water as
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 42
Complex salt : The compounds in which ligand with lone-pair electron are linked with any metal atom or metal ion by coordinate bonds, are called coordination compounds. In these compounds metal ion and ligand in combined state act as complex ion and thus these compounds are also known as complex compounds.
Example : K4[Fe(CN)6].

Question 2.
Explain Ambidentate ligand.
Answer:
Ligands which contain more than one atom to donate electron pair to central metal atom but it donates through one atom at a time are known as ambidentate ligand.
Example : NO2 ion ligand can co-ordinate to central metal atom either through N or by O.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 43

Question 3.
What do you understand by ligand ? Explain giving example.
Answer:
Ligand : Any atom, ion or molecule which can donate electron pair to central ion and forms co-ordinate bond are called ligand. Example : In K4[Fe(CN)6], CN is ligand.

In ligand the specific atom which donates the electron pair is known as donor atom. On the basis of number of donor atoms in a ligand, they are classified as monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, polydentate ligands. Some such ligands are given below :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 44

Question 4.
What is complex ion ?
Answer:
Complex Ion : A complex ion is an electrically charged redical or a species, carrying either positive or negative charge, in which the central metal ion is surrounded through co-ordinate bond by a suitable number of ligands (neutral molecules or negative ions).
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 45
Example : Complex ferrocyanide ion[Fe(CN)6]4- is formed by the union of six CN ions with one Fe2+ ion. While writing the formula of a complex ion, the co-ordinating groups are written inside the bracket ( ), and the whole of the complex ion in a square bracket [ ]. The net charges is written on right hand top comer of the square bracket.

The square bracket is known as co-ordination sphere.

Question 5.
Give example of bidentate and hexadentate ligand.
Answer:
Bidentate ligand :
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 46
Hexadentate ligand:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 47

Question 6.
The following are two coordination complexes.

  1. [CO(NH3)6]Cl3
  2. Na3 [Cr(CN)6]

Read the following statements and identify the wrong one/s, then correct them.
(a) The IUPAC names of both end in ‘ate’.
(b) Secondary valency of both is equal to three.
(c) Both can show ionization isomerism.
(d) Oxidation number of central metal in both is +3.
(e) Both can exhibit optical isomerism.
Answer:
(a) Wrong. IUPAC name of (ii) only ends in ‘ate’.
(b) Wrong. The secondary valency of both is 6.
(c) Wrong. Both cannot exhibit optical isomerism.

Question 7.
What are organometallic compounds ? Write its two applications.
Answer:
Those compounds in which the carbon atom of organic groups are directly bonded to metal atoms are called organometallic compound. The compound of element such as boron, phosphorus, silicon, germanium and antimony with organic groups are also included in the organometallics.

Applications of organometallic compounds :

  1. Tetra ethyl lead (C2H5)4 Pb is used as on antiknock compound.
  2. Ziegler-Natta catalysis is used in the polymerization of ethylene or other alkenes.
  3. Ethyl mercuric chloride (C2H5HgCl) is used in agriculture as an insecticide.
  4. Willkinson catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of some alkenes.

Question 8.
Explain geometrical isomerism with an example.
Answer:
Geometrical isomerism : When the ligands are situated at different position around the metal it gives rise to geometrical isomerism. The isomer in which similar groups are in adjacent position (making an angle 90° with metal ion) is called c/s-isomer. The iso-mer in which the similar group occupy the opposite position (making an angle of 180° with metal ion) is called trans-isomer.

This type of isomerism is observed in square planar (CN = 4) and octahedral (CN = 6) type of complexes.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 48

Question 9.
Explain the principle of Werner with the example of K4[Fe(CN)6] complex.
Answer:
The various terms used for a co-ordination compound are shown in the following example:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 49
(i) When it is dissolved in water it does not break into its constitutent ions K+, Fe2+, CN but it forms K+ and complex ion [Fe(CN)6]4-.
(ii) IUPAC name of the compound is Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II).
(iii) Ionisation of K4Fe(CN)6 in aqueous solution.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 50
According to Werner’s theory : Central metal atom in the compound is Fe whose oxidation number (Primary valency) is 4 and co-ordination number (Secondary valency) is 6.

Question 10.
Explain structure of [Ni(CN)4]2- on the basis of valence bond theory.
Answer:
In [Ni(CN)4]2- ion, Nickel is present as Ni2+ ion and its valency shell configuration is
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 51
Co-ordination number of Ni2+ in this complex ion is 4 and experimentally it is found to be diamagnetic. This is possible if it does not have unpaired electron i.e., \(3 d_{z^{2}}\) gives its electron to 3dx2-y2 Now \(3 d_{z^{2}}\), 4s, 4px and 4py orbital hybridizes forming four dsp2 hybrid orbital oriented along the comer of a planar square.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 52
These hybrids accept lone pair of electron from four CN ion forming σ – bonds. Now there is no unpaired electron in it. Therefore, [Ni(CN)4]2- is diamagnetic.

Question 11.
What is effective atomic number (EAN)?
Answer:
In co-ordination compounds, sum of electrons present in central metal ion and electrons received in bond formation is called effective atomic number.
EAN = Atomic number – Electrons lost in ion formation + Electrons obtained in bond formation
In K4[Fe(CN)6]EAN for Fe = 26 – 2 + 12 = 36.

Question 12.
Write the I.U.P.A.C. names of the following compounds:
(i) (a) [Hgl4]2-
(b) [Ag (CN)2]
(c) [Fe (C5H5)2l
(d) K [Ag (CN)2
(ii) What is Zeise’s Salt and Ferrocene ? Explain with structure.
Answer:
(i) (a) Tetraiodomercurate (II) ion.
(b) Dicyanoargentate (I) ion.
(c) Bis (cyclopentadienyl) iron (II).
(d) Potassium dicyano argentate (I).
(ii) (a) Zeise’s salt K [PtCl3 – n2 (C2H4):
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 53
This salt was prepared by Danish pharmacist Zeise in 1830. it is one of the compound of transition metals which was prepared earlier. The plane of ethylene molecule and the C = C axis are perpendicular to the expected bond direction of the central atom.

(b) Ferrocene Fe (n5 – C5H5)2: It is an orange-yellow coloured compound. Kealy and Pauson reported it in 1951. It has sandwich structure in which iron atom is in between two cyclopentadienyl rings. The planes of the rings are parallel so that all the carbon atoms are equidistant from iron atom.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 54

Question 13.
What are chelates? Give example. Write importance of Chelate.
Answer:
Chelates is a multidentate ligand which co-ordinates with central metal atom to form ring compound, the process is called chelation.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 55
Importance of chelate ligands :

  1. In qualitative analysis, for the detection of some elements.
  2. They are used in the separation of lanthanides and actinides.
  3. In softening of hard water.

Question 14.
What is the difference between primary and secondary valency? Give example also.
Answer:
Primary valency is ionisable while secondary valency does not ionise. Primary valency is represented in figure by solid lines and secondary valency by broken or dotted lines.
Example : [Co (NH3)6] Cl3, primary valency is 3 and secondary valency is 6.

Question 15.
What is the importance of coordination compound in extraction of metals?
Answer:
In metallurgy, extraction of metals like gold and silver is down by forming complexes. Metals are converted into soluble cyanide complexes by treating with dilute cyanide solution. These soluble complexes liberate metals when treated with electropositive metals like zinc.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 56

Question 16.
Write I.U.P.A.C. name of the following :
(a) [CU(NH3)4]SO4
(b) [Cr(H2O)6 ]Cl3
(c) [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4
(d) K2[HgI4].
Answer:
(a) Tetraammine copper (II) sulphate
(b) Hexaaquo chromium (III) chloride
(c) Hexaammine platinum (IV) chloride
(d) Potassium tetraiodomercurate (II).

Question 17.
Explain differences between Double salt and Complex compound.
Answer:
Differences between Double salt and Complex compound:

Double salt

  1. Addition compound in solid-state but ionize in components when dissolved in the water.
  2. These dissociate into constituent ions in an aqueous solution.
  3. The physical and chemical properties are similar to the properties of constituents.
  4. The nature of bond is ionic or electro-valent.

Complex compound

  1. Stable in solid or in solution may be partialy ionize in to complex ion.
  2. When dissolved in water form a complex ion.
  3. Physical and chemical properties of complex compounds are quite different from constituents.
  4. In complex compound, the bond present between the central metal ion and ligand is always co-ordinate.

Question 18.
Write the chemical formulae of the following :
(a) Trinitritotriamminecobalt (III)
(b) Tris (ethylenediamine) Chromium (III) chloride.
(c) Pentacarbonyliron (0)
(d) Tetrachloroplatinate (II) ion.
Answer:
(a) [Co(NH3)3(ONO)3]
(b) [Cr (en)3]Cl3
(c) [Fe (CO)5]
(d) [Pt Cl4]2-

Question 19.
Write IUPAC name of the following :

  1. K4[Ni(CN)4]
  2. H2[CUCl4]
  3. [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
  4. [Ni(CO)4].

Answer:

  1. Potassium tetracyanonickelate (0)
  2. Hydrogen tetrachloro cuprate (II)
  3. Diammine silver (I) chloride.
  4. Tetra carbonyl nickel (0).

Question 20.
Explain Linkage and Ionisation isomerism with example.
Answer:
Linkage isomerism : Linkage isomerism occurs when different atoms of the ligand are attached to the central metal ion. The structure obtained are called linkage isomers. Such type of ligands are called ambidentate ligand.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 57
In structure I Ni2+ is linked by thiocyanate sulphur and in structure II it is linked by nitrogen atom.
Ionisation Isomerism : This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which have same composition but liberate different ions in solution.
[Co (NH3)5 Br]SO4 – It liberates SO2-4 ions.
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br – It liberates Br ions.

Question 21.
(i) Write I.U.P.A.C. name of
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 58
(ii) Write the ligands and co-ordination number of the complex [Cr (NH3)4(ONO) Cl]NO3.
(iii) Write chemical formula of carbonate pentaammine cobalt (III) chloride.
Answer:
(i) µ -amido- µ -hydroxobis-(tetraammine cobalt) (III) ion.
(ii) Ligands (a) NH3, (b) ONO, (c) Cl. Thus, number of ligands are 3 and co-ordination number is 6.
(iii) [CO(NH3)5CO3]Cl.

Question 22.
Write IUPAC names of the following complex compounds.

  1. NH4[Cr(NH3)2 (NCS)4]
  2. K2[Pt Cl6]
  3. [CoCI(en)2NH3]++,
  4. K[Pt(NH3)Cl5]
  5. [Fe(CO)5].

Answer:

  1. Ammonium tetraisothiocyanatodiamminechromate (III)
  2. Potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV)
  3. Chlorobis-(ethylenediamine) amminecobalt (III).
  4. Potassium pentachioroammineplatinate (IV).
  5. Pentacarbonyl iron.

Question 23.
Write IUPAC name of the following :

  1. Li(AlH4)
  2. [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3
  3. (Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
  4. K4[Fe(CN)6]

Answer:

  1. Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (III)
  2. Hexaammine chromium (III) nitrate
  3. Hexaaquoch’romium (III) chloride
  4. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II).

Question 24.
Explain optical isomerism in co-ordination compounds.
Answer:
Optical isomerism : This type of isomerism is observed in such similar compounds which are the mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable. They rotate the path of plane polarized light to the left (l) or to the right (d).
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 59

Question 25.
Describe important applications of organometallic compounds.
Answer:
Important applications of organometallic compounds are :

  1. In medicine : Antiseptics like mercurochrome, mercury hydrix tincture are organometallic compounds of mercury.
  2. In agriculture: Organometallic compounds of mercury like ethyl mercury chloride is used for treatment of seeds.
  3. Antiknock compound : Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is an important antiknock compound.
  4. In industries : Organolithium and organoaluminium compounds are used as catalyst for the manufacture of dyes and chemicals.
  5. In chemical synthesis: Grignards reagent and organolithium compounds are useful in synthesis of organic compound.
  6. Catalyst: Organometallic compounds of transition metals acts as heterogeneous catalyst, e.g., Wilkinson’s catalyst -(Ph3P)3 RhCl is used in hydrogenation of double bonds.

MP Board Solutions

Question 26.
Write IUPAC names of the following :

  1. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
  2. [Ag (NH3)2]CI
  3. H2[CuCl4]
  4. [CO(NH3)6]Cl3
  5. K2[PtCl6]
  6. [Pt Cl4(NH3)2]

Answer:

  1. Hexaaquachromium (III) chloride.
  2. Diammine silver (I) chloride.
  3. Hydrogen tetrachlorocuprate (II).
  4. Hexammine cobalt (III) chloride.
  5. Potassium hexa cloroplatinum (IV).
  6. Diammine tetrachloroplatinum (IV).

Question 27.
Write IUPAC name of the following co-ordination compounds :

  1. K[Ag(CN)2]
  2. K4[Fe(CN)6]
  3. [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
  4. [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3.

Answer:

  1. Potassium dicyanoargentate (I).
  2. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II).
  3. Diamminesilver (I) chloride.
  4. Hexamminechromium (III) chloride.

Question 28.
Explain ionization isomerism and hydrate isomerism in coordination complexes giving suitable example.
Answer:
Ionization isomerism : This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which have same composition but liberate different ions in solution.
Example : [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 (dark violet). It liberates SO2-4 ions in solution, whereas [Co(NH3)5 SO4] (red) liberates Br ions in solution. Both of these are ionization isomers.
Hydrate isomerism : This type of isomerism is shown by such compounds which differ in the number of molecules of water inside the coordination sphere.

Example : The three hydrate isomers of are as follows :

  1. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 (violet)
  2. [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O (green)
  3. [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O (darkgreen).

Question 29.
Write chemical formulae of the following co-ordination compounds :
(a) Hexammine cobalt (III) chloride
(b) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate
(c) Tetrammine platinum (II) chloride
(d) Potassiumhexacyanoferrate (II).
Answer:
(a) [CO(NH3)6]Cl3
(b) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4
(c) [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2
(d) K4[FeII(CN)6].

Question 30.
Write chemical formulae of the following co-ordination compounds :
(a) Chloropentammine cobalt (II) chloride
(b) Potassiumdicyanoargentate (I)
(c) Hexaquachromium (III) chloride
(d) Tetracyano nickelate (I)
Answer:
(a) [CO(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
(b) K[Ag(CN)2]
(c) [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3
(d) [Ni(CN)4]2-.

MP Board Solutions

Question 31.
Write chemical formulae of co-ordination compounds :
(a) Hexammineplatinum (IV) chloride
(b) Potassiumhexacynoferrate (III)
(c) Dichlorodiammine platinum (II)
(d) Sodium pentacyanonitrosyl ferrate (III)
Answer:
(a) [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4
(b) K3[Fe(CN)6]
(c) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(d) Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]

Question 32.
Write IUPAC name of the following :
(a) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
(b) K3[Fe(CN)6]
(c) [CO(NH3)6]Cl3
(d) Pt[(NH3)6]Cl4
(e) CuCl2-4.
Answer:
(a) Diachlorodiammine platinum (II)
(b) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)
(c) Hexammine cobalt (III) chloride
(d) Hexammine platinum (IV) chloride
(e) Tetrachlorocuprate (II).

Question 33.
Write IUPAC name of the following :
(a) K4[Fe(CN)6]
(b) [Cr(NH3)6(NO2)3]
(c) [Ni(CN)3]CI3
(d) K2[Pt(Cl)6]
(e) Ni (CO)4 U.
Answer:
(a) Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)
(b) Trinitrohexammine chromium (III)
(c) Tricyanonickel (III) chloride
(d) Potassiumhexachloro platinate (IV)
(e) Tetracarbonylnickel (0).

Question 34.
[NiCI4]-2 is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why ?
Answer:
In [NiCl4]-2, Ni is +2 oxidation state with the configuration 4s03d8. Cl is weak ligand. It cannot pair up electrons in 3d- orbitals. Hence, it is paramagnetic. In [Ni(CO)4], Ni is in zero oxidation state with the configuration 4s2 3d8. In the presence of CO ligand the 45 electron shift to 3d to pair up 3d electrons. Thus, there is no unpaired electron present. Hence, it is diamagnetic.

Question 35.
How will you differentiate [Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 between and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br ?
Answer:
Both these complexes are ionisation isomers. First will give white precipitate (BaSO4) with BaCl2, second will give no precipitate with BaCl2. Similarly, second complex [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br will give yellow precipitate with AgNO3 whereas first will not give any precipitate.

MP Board Solutions

Coordination Compounds Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Find the oxidation no. of central metal in the following :
(a) [Pt(NH3)3Cl3]
(b) [Zn(H2O)3OH]+
(c) Na4[Ni(CN)4]
(d) K2[Zn(OH)4]
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 60
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 61

Question 2.
Give methods of preparation of following (one method for each):
(i) Tetrabutyl tin
(ii) Tetraethyl lead
(iii) n-butyl lithium
(iv) Ferrocene
(v) Nickel tetracarbonyl
(vi) Zeise’s salt.
Answer:
(i) Tetra butyl Tin:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 62
(ii) Tetraethyl lead:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 63
(iii) n-butyl lithium:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 64
(iv) Ferrocene:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 65
(v) Nickel tetracarbonyl:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 66
(vi) Zeise’s salt:
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 67

Question 3.
Explain the structure of [Ni(CO)4] on the basis of valence bond theory.
Answer:
Structure of [Ni(CO)4]: In nickel tetracarbonyl oxidation state of nickel atom is zero (0). Electronic configuration of Ni is 4s2 3d8 or 3d10. As a result of sp3 hybridization four sp3 orbitals are formed in tetrahedral form which are vacant. Four CO molecule join with them, as a result of which tetrahedral nickel tetracarbonyl molecule is formed.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 68

Question 4.
Explain the structure of [Zn(NH3)4]2+ on the basis of valence bond theory.
Answer:
Structure of [Zn(NH3)4]2+ Tetraammine zinc (II) ion : Outer electronic configuration of zinc (Z = 30) in ground state is 3d10 4s2. In this complex zinc is in + 2 oxidation state with the outer electronic configuration of 3d10.
The 3d orbital being completely filled does not take part in hybridization. The vacant 4s and 4p orbitals hybridize and form four hybridized sp3 rorbitais directed
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 69
towards the four comers of a tetrahedron. The four lone pairs from four NH3 overlap with these sp3 orbitals and forms four cr-bonds. The compound is diamagnetic as it does not contain unpaired electrons.

Question 5.
Explain optical isomerism with the example of tetrahedral and octahedral co-ordinate compounds.
Answer:
Optical Isomerism : Optical isomers are sensitive to plane polarised light. When light passed through the solution of optically active substances these rotates the light-plane in clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

This type of isomerism is exhibited by the substances which are mirror image of each other but cannot be superimposed. Optical isomerism is shown by the substances which have minimum one assymmetric carbon atom.

The compound which rotate plane polarized light in left side are called l-isomers and which rotate in right side called d-isomers. These types of isomerism are generally found in tetrahedral complex [-CN = 4] and octahedral complex [-CN = 6].

(i) Tetrahedral complex : [As (CH3) (C2H5) (S) (C6H4COO)]2+
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 70
(ii) Octahedral complex : [CO(en)2]3+
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 71

Question 6.
Write the application of complex compounds in the extraction of metals and detection of metal ions.
Answers:
(i) In extraction of metals: Silver and gold ores are treated with NaCN solution and form soluble complex.
(a) Silver glance (Ag2S) dissolves in NaCN solution and forms soluble complex Na- [Ag(CN)2] from which Ag is precipitated by adding Zn dust.
Ag2S + 4NaCN → 2Na[Ag(CN)2] + Na2S
2Na [Ag(CN)2 ] + Zn → Na2 [Zn (CN)4] + 2 Ag ↓

(b) Gold is found in native state. Its powdered ore is kept in NaCN or KCN solution for 12 to 24 hours. Au dissolves by forming soluble complex K[Au(CN)2], Now zinc sharings are added to precipitate Au.
4AU + 8KCN + 2H2O + O2 (from air) → 4K[Au(CN)2] + 4KOH
2K[AU(CN)2] + Zn → K2 [Zn(CN)4] + 2Au ↓

(ii) In the detection of metal ion : In the qualitative analysis of Ni2+ a scarlet pink colour complex is obtained with (D.M.G.) dimethyl glyoxine
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 72

MP Board Solutions

Question 7.
Explain crystal field theory.
Answer:
This theory was proposed by Bethe and Von Black. According to this theory bonding between central metal ion and ligand is due to pure electrostatic attraction. If ligand is anion then attraction towards cation is just like the attraction between two oppositely charged particles. If ligand is neutral molecule then the anionic end of this dipole is attracted to central positive ion. Thus, bonding between them is due to ion-ion attraction or ion dipole attraction.

In crystal field theory due to approaching ligands the d-orbitals split into different energy levels on the basis of extent of splitting (depend on metal ion and nature of ligand) structure and properties of complex can be discussed. Colour of transition metal complex is due to absorption of visible light which leads to excitation of electron from one d-orbital to the other d-orbital (d-d transition). This way this theory is easy and successfully explains maximum properties of the complexes.
MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds 73

MP Board Class 12th Chemistry Solutions

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