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In this article, we will share MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 14 लोकमान्यतिलकः Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi Chapter 14 लोकमान्यतिलकः

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 अभ्यासः

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 MP Board प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो
(क) लोकमान्यतिलकः कः आसीत्? [लोकमान्य तिलक कौन थे?]
उत्तर:
महान देशभक्तः

(ख) तिलक: केन उपाधिना विभूषितः? [तिलक किस उपाधि से विभूषित थे?]
उत्तर:
लोकमान्यः इति

(ग) तिलकस्य प्रभावेण देशे का सञ्जाता? [तिलक के प्रभाव से देश में क्या हो गई?]
उत्तर:
नवचेतना

(घ) तिलकः कस्मिन् मासे दिवङ्गतः? [तिलक किस महीने में स्वर्गवासी हो गये?]
उत्तर:
अगस्तमासे

(ङ) कस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति? [प्रभु किसकी सहायता करता है?]
उत्तर:
कर्मशीलस्य।

MP Board Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 2.
एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो
(क) तिलकस्य जन्मस्थानं कुत्र अस्ति? [तिलक का जन्म स्थान कहाँ है?]
उत्तर:
तिलकस्य जन्म स्थानं महाराष्ट्र प्रान्ते रत्नगिरि मण्डले अस्ति। [तिलक का जन्म स्थान महाराष्ट्र प्रान्त के रत्नगिरि मण्डल में है।]

(ख) तिलकस्य जनकः कः आसीत? [तिलक के पिता कौन थे?]
उत्तर:
तिलकस्य जनकः गङ्गाधरः एक कुशल शिक्षकः लेखकः च आसीत्। [तिलक के पिता गंगाधर एक कुशल शिक्षक और लेखक थे।]

(ग) तिलकः छात्रजीवने कं निश्चयम् अकरोत्? [तिलक ने छात्र जीवन में क्या निश्चय किया था?]
उत्तर:
तिलक: छात्रजीवने निश्चयम् अकरोत् यत् “अहं शासकीय सेवां न करिष्यामि” आजीवनं भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतायाः कृते सङ्घर्षम् करिष्यामि च। [तिलक ने छात्र जीवन में निश्चय किया कि “मैं शासकीय सेवा नहीं करूंगा।” आजीवन भारत की स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष करूंगा।

(घ) तिलकेन कः ग्रन्थः रचितः? [तिलक ने किस ग्रंथ की रचना की?]
उत्तर:
तिलकेन ‘गीतारहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थम् अरचयत्। [तिलक ने ‘गीता रहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थ की रचना की।]

(ङ) तिलकः किम् अघोषयत्? [तिलक ने क्या घोषणा की?]
उत्तर:
तिलकः अघोषयत् “स्वराज्य मम जन्मसिद्धः अधिकारः अस्ति।” [तिलक ने घोषणा की “स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।”]

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 3.
रेखांकित शब्द के आधार पर प्रश्न निर्माण करो
(क) लोकमान्य तिलक: महान् देशभक्तः आसीत्।
(ख) तिलकः राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते संलग्नः अभवत्।
(ग) जनजागरणस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणोशोत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्।
(घ) कर्मशीलस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति।
(ङ) तिलकः भारतभालस्य ‘तिलकम्’ इव भाति।
उत्तर:
(क) कः महान् देशभक्तः अस्ति?
(ख) तिलकः कस्य कृते संलग्नः अभवत्?
(ग) कस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणोशेत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्?
(घ) कस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति?
(ङ) कः भारतभालस्य ‘तिलकम्’ इव भाति।

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 Question Answer प्रश्न 4.
अधोलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्दों को लिखो
(क) जनकः
(खा) निर्भयः
(ग) मिथ्या
(घ) परमेश्वरः
(ङ) भालः।
उत्तर:
(क) पिता
(ख) भयरहितः
(ग) असत्यम्
(घ) परमात्मा
(ङ) मस्तकः।

Sanskrit Class 7 Chapter 14 प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्दों को लिखो
(क) निर्दोषः
(ख) स्वतन्त्रता
(ग) अस्ति
(घ) जन्म
(ङ) उद्यमहीनः
उत्तर:
(क) सदोषः
(ख) परतन्त्रता
(ग) नास्ति
(घ) मरणम्
(ङ) कर्मशीलः।

Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 MP Board प्रश्न 6.
उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थानों को पूरा करो-
(लोकमान्यः, भारतभालस्य, अस्माकं, संलग्नः, अगस्तमासस्य)
(क) तिलक: राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते ………….. अभवत्।
(ख) तिलकमहोदयः ……….. देशस्य गौरवम्।
(ग) ……….. प्रथमदिनाङ्के १९२० तमे वर्षे सः दिवङ्गतः।
(घ) तिलकः …………. तिलकम् इव भाति।
(ङ) सः ………… इति उपाधिना विभूषितः।
उत्तर:
(क) संलग्नः
(ख) अस्माकं
(ग) अगस्तमासस्य
(घ) भारतभालस्य
(ङ) लोकमान्यः।

Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 7.
सन्धि करो
(क) शिवराज + उत्सवः
(ख) गणेश + उत्सवः
(ग) तस्य + उपरि
(घ) परम + आत्मा
(ङ) परम + ईश्वरः।
उत्तर:
(क) शिवराजोत्सवः
(ख) गणेशोत्सवः
(ग) तस्योपरि
(घ) परमात्मा
(ङ) परमेश्वरः।

Sanskrit Chapter 14 Class 7 प्रश्न 8.
चतुर्थी विभक्ति के स्थान पर षष्ठी विभक्ति के साथ ‘कृते’ शब्द जोड़कर लिखो।
(क) त्यागाय
(ख) ग्रामाय
(ग) नगराय
(घ) विद्यालयाय
(ङ) समाजाय।
उत्तर:
(क) त्यागस्य कृते
(ख) ग्रामस्य कृते
(ग) नगरस्य कृते
(घ) विद्यालयस्य कृते
(ङ) समाजस्य कृते।

लोकमान्यतिलकः हिन्दी अनुवाद

लोकमान्यबालगङ्गाधरतिलकः महान देशभक्तः आसीत्। महाराष्ट्रप्रान्ते रत्नगिरिमण्डले जुलाईमासस्य त्रयोविंशतितमे दिनाङ्के, १८५६ ख्रिस्ताब्दे तस्य जन्म अभवत्। तस्य जनकः गङ्गाधरः कुशलशिक्षकः लेखकः च आसीत्।

तिलकः गणितस्य, संस्कृतभाषायाः, विधिशास्त्रस्य च प्रकाण्डपण्डितः आसीत्। सः छात्रजीवने एव निश्चयम् अकरोत् यत् “अहं शासकीयसेवां न करिष्यामि।” आजीवनं भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतायाः कृते सङ्घर्षं करिष्यामि च इति। – सः अघोषयत्, ‘स्वराज्यं मम जन्मसिद्धः अधिकारः अस्ति।’

अनुवाद :
लोकमान्य बालगंगाधर तिलक महान देशभक्त थे। महाराष्ट्र प्रान्त के रत्नगिरि मण्डल में जुलाई के महीने की तेईसवीं तारीख को सन् १८५६ में उनका जन्म हुआ। उनके पिता गंगाधर एक कुशल शिक्षक और लेखक थे।

तिलक गणित के, संस्कृत भाषा के तथा विधिशास्त्र (कानून) के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। उन्होंने छात्रजीवन में ही निश्चय कर लिया था कि “मैं शासकीय सेवा नहीं करूँगा।” और जीवनपर्यन्त भारत की आजादी के लिए संघर्ष करूँगा।

उन्होंने घोषणा की “स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।”

तिलकः राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते संलग्नः अभवत्। जनजागरणस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणेशोत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्। सः केसरी-मराठेति समाचारपत्रयोः सम्पादनं च अकोरत्। तिलकमहोदयस्य प्रभावेण देशे स्वतन्त्रायै नवचेतना सञ्जाता। सः लोकमान्यः इति उपाधिना विभूषितः। तस्य प्रभावम् असहमानाः आंग्लाः तस्योपरि राजद्रोहस्य मिथ्याभियोगं न्यायालये प्रस्तुतवन्तः। न्यायाधीशेन सः षट्वर्षभोग्येन कारावासेन दण्डितः। सः निर्भयम् अवदत्, “अस्मात् न्यायालयात् परमेश्वरस्य न्यायालयः उच्चतरः अस्ति। तस्मिन् अहं निर्दोषः अस्मि।” कारागारे सः ‘गीतारहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थम् अरचयत्।

अनुवाद :
तिलक राष्ट्रसेवा के लिए संलग्न हो गये। जनजागरण के लिए उन्होंने शिवराजोत्सव को और गणेशोत्सव को प्रारम्भ किया। उन्होंने केसरी और मराठा नामक दो समाचार पत्रों का सम्पादन किया। तिलक महोदय के प्रभाव से देश में स्वतन्त्रता के लिए नवचेतना उत्पन्न हो गयी। उन्हें लोकमान्य की उपाधि से विभूषित किया। उनके प्रभाव को सहन न करते हुए अंग्रेजों ने उनके ऊपर राजद्रोह का झूठा अभियोग न्यायालय में प्रस्तुत किया। न्यायाधीश ने उन्हें छः वर्ष तक के कारावास भोगने से दण्डित किया। उन्होंने निर्भय होकर कहा-“इस न्यायालय से परमात्मा का न्यायालय अपेक्षाकृत ऊँचा है। उसमें मैं निर्दोष हूँ।” कारागार में ही उन्होंने ‘गीता रहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थ की रचना की।

सः महान् कर्मयोगी आसीत्। सः अकथयत् “उद्यमहीनस्य सहायतां परमात्मा अपि न करोति। कर्मशीलस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति।”

अगस्तमासस्य प्रथमदिनाङ्के १९२० तमे वर्षे सः दिवंगतः। सत्यम्! बालगङ्गाधरतिलकमहोदयः अस्माकं देशस्य गौरवम्।

केनापि सुष्ठुउक्तम्, “तिलकः” भारतभालस्य तिलकम्’ इव भाति।

अनुवाद :
वे महान कर्मयोगी थे। उन्होंने कहा था-“उद्यमहीन की (आलसी की) सहायता परमात्मा भी नहीं करता है। कर्मशील (व्यक्ति) की सहायता प्रभु करते हैं।”

अगस्त महीने की पहली तारीख को सन् १९२० ई. में उनका स्वर्गवास हो गया। सत्य है! बालगंगाधर तिलक महोदय हमारे देश के गौरव थे।

किसी ने ठीक ही कहा है “तिलक” भारतवर्ष के मस्तक के तिलक की भाँति शोभा पाते हैं।

लोकमान्यतिलकः शब्दार्थाः

जनकः = पिता। कृते = लिए। असहमाना=सहन न करने वाले। आंग्लाः = अंग्रेज। तस्योपरि = उनके ऊपर। मिथ्या = झूठा। प्रस्तुतवन्तः = प्रस्तुत किया। निर्दोषः = दोषरहित। अरचयत् = रचना की। दिवङ्गतः = मृत्यु हो गई।

class 7 science mcq pdf download ·

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants

Nutrition in Plants Intext Questions

Question 1.
Boojho wants to know how plants prepare their own food?
Answer:
Plants are the only that can prepare food for themselves by using water, carbon dioxide and minerals.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question 2.
Paheli wants to know why our body cannot make food from carbon dioxde, water and minerals like plants do?
Answer:
Our body do not have chlorophyll.

Question 3.
Boojho wants to know how water and minerals absorbed by roots reach the leaves?
Answer:
Water and minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the roots, stems and leaves of the plant. They form a continuous path or passage for the nutrients to reach the leaves.

Question 4.
Paheli wants to know what is so special about the leaves that they can synthesize food but other parts of the plant cannot?
Answer:
Because the leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 5.
Boojho has observed some plants with deep red, violet or brown leaves. He wants to know whether these leaves also carry out photosynthesis?
Answer:
No.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 MP Board Question 6.
Paheli wants to know whether mosquitoes, bed bugs, lice and leeches that suck our blood are also parasites?
Answer:
Lice are parasites. Mosquitoes are not parasites because they suck blood to incubit their eggs and not for nutrition.

Question 7.
Boojho is confused. If the pitcher plant is green and carries out photosynthesis, then why does it feed on insects?
Answer:
Because these plants do not get enough nutrition from the soil as required.

Question 8.
Boojho wants to know how these organisms acquire nutrients. They do not have mouths like animals do. They are not like green plants as they lack chlorophyll and cannot make food by photosynthesis?
Answer:
These organisms acquire food from dead organisms.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Question 9.
Paheli is keen to know whether her beautiful shoes, which she wore on special occasions, were spoiled by fungi during the rainy season. She wants to know how fungi appear suddenly during the rainy season?
Answer:
The fungal spores are generally present in the air. When they land on wet and warm things they germinate and grow During rainy season, there are more chances of things getting wet So, fungi spoil more things in rainy season.

Question 10.
Boojho says once his grandfather told him that his wheat fields were spoiled by a fungus. He wants to know if fungi cause diseases also?
Answer:
Yes, fungi causes diseases in plants, animals and humans. However, some fungi are also used is medicines.

Nutrition in Plants Text book Exercises

Question 1.
Why do organisms need to take food?
Answer:
Food is needed by all living organisms for the following purposes:

1. Get energy to do work.
2. Build up body.
3. Improve resistance power against diseases and protects us from infections.
4. Replacement and repairing damaged part in the body.
5. Maintain the functions of the body.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 1 English Medium Question 2.
Distinguish between a parasite and a saprotroph?
Answer:
Distinguish Parasite and Saprotroph:
Parasite:

1. They derives nutrients from the body of some other living organisms.
2. They use the heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. They mostly live on or in the host.
4. Examples: Tapeworm, Round warm, Cuscutta, Puccinia, etc.

Saprotroph:

1. They derives nutrients from dead and decaying organisms.
2. They use saprotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. They live on dead and decaying stuff.
4. Examples: Mushrooms, Bacteria, Yeast, etc.

Question 3.
How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?
Answer:
Starch Test:
Take the green leaf to be tested. Boil it in water for 5 minutes (approximately). Keep it in the 60% angle amyle alcohol at 60°C till it becomes colourless. Now take the colourless leaf out from alcohol and wash it with cold water. Also pour few drops of dilute iodine solution on the leaf. The leaf becomes very blue with the solution which proves the presence of starch is the leaf.

Class 7 Science MP Board Chapter 1 Question 4.
Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in green plants?
Answer:
The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight. This energy is used to synthesize (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis (Photo: light: synthesis: to combine).

So we find that chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are necessary to carry out the process of photosynthesis. It is a unique process on the earth. The solar energy is captured by the leaves and stored in the plant in the form of food. Thus, sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.

During photosynthesis, chlorophyll containing cells of leaves, in the presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesise carbohydrates. The process can be represented as an equation.

During the process oxygen is released. The carbohydrates ultimately get converted into starch. The presence of starch in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis. The starch is also a carbohydrate.

Question 5.
Show with the help of a sketch that the plants are the ultimate source of food?
Answer:

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Green plants are called …………….. since they synthesise their own food.
2. The food synthesised by the plants is stored as ……………..
3. In photosynthesis solar energy is captured by the pigment called ……………..
4. During photosynthesis plants take in …………….. and release

Answer:

1. Autotrophs
2. Starch
3. Chlorophyll
4. Carbon dioxide, oxygen.

MP Board Class 7th Science English Medium Question 7.
Name the following:

1. A parasitic plants with yellow, slender and tubular stem.
2. A plant that has both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. The pores through which leaves exchange gases.

Answer:

1. Cuscuta (Amarbel)
2. Pitcher plant
3. Stomata.

Question 8.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) Amarbel is an example of –
(i) Autotroph
(ii) Parasite
(iii) Saprotroph
(iv) Host.
Answer:
(ii) Parasite

(b) The plant which trape and feeds on insects is –
(i) Cuscuta
(ii) China rose
(iii) Pitcher plant
(iv) Rose.
Answer:
(iii) Pitcher plant.

MP Board Class 7th Science Question 9.
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II:

Answer:

(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (b)
(v) (c)

Question 10.
Mark “T” if the statement is true and “F” if it is false:

1. Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. (T/F)
2. Plants which synthesise their food themselves are called saprotrophs. (T/F)
3. The product of photosynthesis is not a protein (T/F)
4. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 11.
Choose the correct option from the following:
Which part of the plant gets carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis –
(i) Root hair
(ii) Stomata
(iii) Leaf veins
(iv) Sepals.
Answer:
(ii) Stomata.

Question 12.
Chose the correct option from the following:
Plants take carbon dioxide form the atmosphere mainly through their –
(i) Roots
(ii) Stem
(iii) Flowers
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(iv) Leaves.

Nutrition in Plants Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

MP Board Class 7 Science Solutions Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative:

Question (i)
The green coloured pigment present in plants is ………….
(a) Xanthophyll
(b) Haemoglobin
(c) Chlorophyll
(d) None of these.
(c) Chlorophyll

Question (ii)
The life processes that provide energy are ……………
(a) Respiration
(b) Nutrition
(c) Both respiration and nutrition
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both respiration and nutrition

Question (iii)
Which of these are autotrophs …………..
(a) Green plants
(b) All plants
(c) All animals
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Green plants

Question (iv)
………….. changes solar energy into chemical energy.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon – di – oxide
(c) Water
(d) Chlorophyll.
Answer:
(d) Chlorophyll.

Question (v)
………….. is saprophyte.
(a) Fungus
(b) Cuscuta
(c) Money plant
(d) Mosquito.
Answer:
(a) Fungus

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 MP Board Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Resin, gum, latex are ……………. substances of plants.
2.  …………….. is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body.
3. The plant on which it climbs is called a ……………
4. Plants which use saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called …………..
5. Oxygen is produced during ……………..

Answer:

1. Excretory
2. Nutrition
3. Host
4. Saprotrophs
5. Photosynthesis.

MP Board Solution Class 7th Science Question 3.
Which of the fallowing statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. All organisms take food and utilise it to get energy for the growth and maintenance of their bodies.
2. Chlorophyll and sunlight are not the essential requirements for photosynthesis.
3. Solar energy is stored by the leaves with the help of chlorophyll.
4. Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis.
5. Only a few plants adopt other modes of nutrition like parasitic and saprotraphic.

Answer:

1. True (T)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. False (F)
5. True (T).

MP Board Science Class 7 Question 4.
Match the items is Column A with Column B:

Answer:

(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b).

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Nutrition In Plants Questions And Answers Question 5.
Name the following :

1. A plants food factory.
2. Living on another organisms and derive food from them.
3. A chlorophyll containing partner, which is an alga, and a fungus live together.

Answer:

1. Leaf
2. Parasitic
3. Lichens

Nutrition in Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types of nutritions are there?
Answer:
There are two types of nutritions. These are holophytic nutrition and holozoic nutrition.

Science Class 7 Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 2.
How do symbiotic live?
Answer:
Symbiotic live with host and parasite which depend on host benefit.

Question 3.
What are autotrophs? Give examples.
Answer:
The organism who can prepare their own food utilising sunlight, carbon dioxde and water, are known as autotrophs.
Examples: All green plants are autotrophs.

Question 4.
Define photosynthesis?
Answer:
The process by which the green plants prepare their food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and light is called photosynthesis.

MP Board Class 7 Science Question 5.
What is the function of chlorophyll?
Answer:
Chlorophyll helps leaves to capture the energy of the Sun.

Question 6.
What are algae?
Answer:
The slimy green patches in ponds or in other stagnant water bodies are called algae.

Question 7.
What is the purpose of starch test?
Answer:
To confirm the presence of starch in the green plants.

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question 8.
Name two herbivorous animals?
Answer:
Deer, cow.

Question 9.
Name two omnivorous animals?
Answer:
Dog, cat.

Chapter 1 Science Class 7 Question 10.
Name two carnivorous animals?
Answer:
Tiger, lion.

Question 11.
Name two leguminous plants?
Answer:
Gram, pea.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 12.
Name two insectivorous plants?
Answer:
Sundew, Aldrovenda.

Question 13.
Which bacteria can convert nitrogen into soluble term?
Answer:
Rhizobium.

Class 7 Nutrition In Plants Question 14.
Define autotrophs?
Answer:
Green plants synthesise their food themselves by the process of photosynthesis. They are autotrophs.

Nutrition in Plants Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the exchange of gases occur in plants?
Answer:
In case of plants the lower surface of leaves have small pores called stomata. These are provided by two guard cells which control the opening or closing of the stomata. When the concentration of O₂ gas increases during photosynthesis the guard cells open and O₂ gas is given out and if concentration of CO₂ gas increases during respiration, the guard cells cause CO₂ gas to go out of the cells. This is how the exchange of gases occur in plants.

Class 7th Science MP Board Question 2.
How many types of heterotrophs are there? Give examples.
Answer:
Organisms which depend upon plants and other organisms for their food are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs can further be classified as:

1. Herbivorous Animals:
The organisms or animals who eat plants and plant products.
Examples: cow, horse, goat, etc.

2. Carnivorous Animals:
The animals who eat flesh of other animals are called carnivorous.
Examples: lion, tiger, wolf, etc.

3. Omnivorous Animals:
The animals who eat both plant and animals are called ominivorous animals.
Examples: man, cat, dog, crow, etc.

Science Chapter 1 Class 7 Question 3.
W’hat is the difference between ‘heterotrophs and autotrophs’?
Answer:
The differences between two are:

Heterotroph:

1. These are organism which can not make their own food.
2. They do not have chloroplast.

Autotroph:

1. They can make their own food.
2. They have chloroplast.

Nutrition In Plants For Class 7 Questions With Answers Question 4.
Give two examples of insectivorous plants?
Answer:
The plants which have the special system to trap the insects and kill them are called insectivorous plants. The pitcher plant and venus faly trap plants. In the pitcher plant, the leaf is modified in form of a pitcher. When any insect visits this pitcher it is trapped and killed in it.

Question 5.
What is the difference between holophytic and holozoic type of nutrition?
Answer:
Those living beings such as plants who prepare their own food are called autotrophic and this type of nutrition is called as holophytic type of nutrition.

Those living beings who cannot prepare their own food but depend on food prepared by some other living beings are called heterotopic. This type of nutrition is called holozoic nutrition.

Question 6.
How is Sun the ultimate source of energy for all the living beings?
Answer:
Green plants prepare food utilising sunlight. All other organisms depend on green plants directly or indirectly for their nutrition. Thus, Sun is the ultimate source of energy.

Science 7th Class Chapter 1 Question 7.
How is holophytic nutrition different from holozoic nutrition?
Answer:
1. Holophytic nutrition is found in plants and lower forms of animals they consume liquid food as they lack digestive systems.

2. Holozoic nutrition is found in man and other higher forms of animals. There is a well developed digestive system in all of them. Hence, they can consume solid food.

Nutrition in Plants Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a diagram of stomata?
Answer:

Question 2.
Give an experiment to demonstrate that light is necessary for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Take a broad leaved potted plant and keep it under dark for 24 – 48 hours. The plant is kept in dark to make the plant free from starch. After this fix a leaf still attached to the plant with a paper clip having paper black as shown in figure. Now keep the plant in light for few hours and test the leaf for starch. To test the leaf for starch, pluck the lgaf and kill its cells in boiling water. Remove the chlorophyll by boiling in alcohol. Wash the boiled leaf in water and treat with iodine solution.

It is believed that the portion of the leaf, exposed to sunlight turned blue in colour while the covered portion did not undergo any change. You know that starch give blue colour with iodine solution. This was because the covered portion did not receive any sunlight. This shows that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

Std 7 Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 3.
Describe the process of nutrition in hydra?
Answer:
In hydra, the tentacles help in ingesting the food (taking the food inside). The cells inside the body cavity wall secrete certain chemicals and enzymes to digest the food. The digested food is absorbed by the cells of the wall in the body cavity by diffusion. On eating food the hydra grows and reproduces by forming buds.

Nutrition In Plants Class 10 Question 4.
Define cell with their structure
Answer:
The bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units called cells. Cells can be seen only under the microscope. Some organisms are made of only one cell. The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary, called the cell membrane. Most cells have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the nucleus (Fig.). The nucleus is surrounded by a jelly – like substance called cytoplasm.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Model Question Paper (आदर्श प्रश्नपत्रम्)

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Paper प्रश्न 1.
(अ) समुचित चित्वां लिखत (उचित शब्द चुनकर लिखिए)
(क) कार्यक्षेत्रे (कार्य के क्षेत्र में-)
(अ) तरणीयम्
(ब) त्वरणीयम्
(स) वदनीयम्
(द) स्मरणीयम्।
उत्तर:
(ब) त्वरणीयम्। (शीघ्रता करनी चाहिए।)

(ख) गुरुत्वाकर्षणस्य सिद्धान्तः प्रतिपादितः (गुरुत्वाकर्षण के सिद्धान्त का प्रतिपादन किया-)
(अ) आदित्यदासेन
(ब) आर्यभट्टेन
(स) वराहमिहिरेण
(द) मोहनदासेन
उत्तर:
(स) वराहमिहिरेण। (वराहमिहिरेण)

(ग) वसन्तपञ्चमी पर्व भवति (वसन्त पंचमी का पर्व होता है-)
(अ) फाल्गुनमासे
(ब) माघमासे
(स) चैत्रमासे
(द) कार्तिकमासे।
उत्तर:
(ब) माघमासे। (माघ के महीने में।)

(घ) अहिल्याबाई इत्यस्याः पत्युः नाम आसीत् (अहिल्याबाई इनके पति का नाम था-)
(अ) दामोदररावः
(ब) खण्डेराव:
(स) कृष्णरावः
(द) श्यामरावः
उत्तर:
(ब) खण्डेरावः। (खण्डेराव।)

(ङ) सर्वः पश्यतु (सब देखें-)
(अ) दूरदर्शनम्
(ब) कार्याणि
(स) अभद्राणि
(द) भद्राणि।
उत्तर:
(द) भद्राणि। (सुखों को।)

(ब) प्रदत्तैः शब्दैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत (दिये गये शब्दों से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो-)
(प्रकृतिहिताय, रामकृष्णपरमहंसः, मेकलसुता, शीलं, एकादशवर्षाणि)
(क) नर्मदायाः अपरं नाम ………… अस्ति।
(ख) ………… सर्वत्र वै धनम्।
(ग) प्रवर्ततां ……….. पार्थिवः।
(घ) चित्रकूटे रामचन्द्रः ………… यावत् निवासं कृतवान्।
(ङ) स्वामिविवेकानन्दस्य गुरुः ……….. आसीत्।
उत्तर:
(क) मेकलसुता
(ख) शीलं
(ग) प्रकृतिहिताय
(घ) एकादशवर्षाणि
(ङ) रामकृष्णपरमहंसः।

Class 8 Sanskrit Abhyas Prashn Patra प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितगद्यांशं पठित्वा प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृते लिखत (नीचे लिखे गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संस्कृत में लिखो-)

कस्मिश्चित् वने निम्बवृक्षे एकं चटकायुगलं प्रतिवसति स्म। समये चटकया अण्डानि दत्तानि, युगलम् अति प्रसन्नम् आसीत्। एकस्मिन् दिने आतपपीडितः एकः मदमत्तः गजः तत्र आगतः। मदेन सः तस्य वृक्षस्य तां शाखां नाशितवान् यस्यां शाखायां चटकायाः अण्डानि आसन्। अतः अण्डानि अपि नष्टानि।

(क) चटकायुगलं कस्मिन् वृक्षे प्रतिवसति स्म? (चिड़ियों का जोड़ा किस वृक्ष के नीचे रहता। था?)
उत्तर:
चटकायुगलं निम्बवृक्षे प्रतिवसति स्म। (चिड़ियों का जोड़ा नीम के वृक्ष के नीचे रहता था।)

(ख) अण्डानि कया दत्तानि? (अण्डे किसके द्वारा दिये गये?)
उत्तर:
अण्डानि चटकया दत्तानि। (अण्डे चिड़िया द्वारा दिये गये।)

(ग) एकस्मिन् दिने कः तत्र आगतः? (एक दिन कौन वहाँ आया?)
उत्तर:
एकस्मिन् दिने एकः मदमत्तः गजः तत्र आगतः। (एक दिन एक मतवाला हाथी वहाँ आया।)

(घ) मदेन गजः कां नाशितवान्? (मस्ती में हाथी ने क्या-क्या तोड़ दिया?)
उत्तर:
मदेन गजः वृक्षस्य तां शाखां नाशितवान् यस्यां शाखायां चटकायाः अण्डानि आसन्। (मस्ती में हाथी ने वृक्ष की उस डाल को तोड़ दिया जिस पर चिड़िया के अण्डे थे।)
अथवा

एकदा विक्रमादित्यः नगरभ्रमणसमये एक मरणासन्नं रूग्णं दृष्टवान। तस्य दर्शनेन मनसि वैराग्यम् उद्भूतम्। अतः मायामोहमयं संसारं ज्ञात्वा सः महामन्त्रिणि राज्यभारं समर्प्य :वनम् अगच्छत्।

(क) विक्रमादित्यः नगरभ्रमणसमे कं दृष्टवान्? (विक्रमादित्यः ने नगर में भ्रमण के समय किसको देखा?)
उत्तर:
विक्रमादित्य नगरभ्रमणसमये एकं मरणासन्नं रुग्णं दृष्टवान। (विक्रमादित्य ने नगर भ्रमण के समय एक मरणासन्न रोगी को देखा।)

(ख) विक्रमादित्यस्य मनसि किम् उद्भूतम्? (विक्रमादित्य के मन में क्या उत्पन्न हुआ?)
उत्तर:
विक्रमादित्य मनसि वैराग्यम् उद्भूतम्। (विक्रमादित्य के मन में वैराग उत्पन्न हुआ।)

(ग) सः महामन्त्रिणि किं समर्प्य वनम् अगच्छत्? (वह महामन्त्री को क्या सौंपकर वन चले गये?)
उत्तर:
सः महामन्त्रिणि राज्यभारं समर्प्य वनम् अगच्छत्। (वह महामन्त्री को राज्यभार सौंपकर वन चले गये।)

(घ) ‘अगच्छत्’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे कः धातुः? (‘अगच्छत्’ शब्द में कौन-सी धातु है?)
उत्तर:
‘अगच्छत्’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे ‘गमः’ धातुः। (‘अगच्छत्’ शब्द में ‘गम्’ (जाना) धातु हैं।)

Class 8 Sanskrit Paper MP Board प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखितपद्यांश पठित्वा प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृत लिखत (नीचे लिखे पद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संस्कृत में लिखो)
उद्योगे नास्ति दारिद्रयं जपतो नास्ति पातकम्।
मौने च कलहो नास्ति नास्ति जागरिते भयम्।।

(क) उद्योगे किं नास्ति? (परिश्रम करने से क्या नहीं रहता है?)
उत्तर:
उद्योगे दारिद्रयं नास्ति। (परिश्रम करने से गरीबी नहीं रहती है।)

(ख) जपतो किं नास्ते? (भगवान का स्मरण करने से क्या नहीं रहता है?)
उत्तर:
जपतो पातकं नास्ति। (भगवान का स्मरण करने से पाप नहीं रहता है।)

(ग) भयं कदा नास्ति? (भय कब नहीं रहता है?)
उत्तर:
जागरिते भयं नास्ति। (जागने पर भय नहीं रहता है।)

(घ) ‘मौने’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे का विभक्तिः किं च वचनम्? (‘मौने’ शब्द में कौन-सी विभक्ति और कौन-सा वचन है?)
उत्तर:
‘मौने’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे सप्तमी विभक्ति एकं च वचनम्। (‘मौने’ शब्द में सप्तमी विभक्ति और एकवचन है।)
अथवा

माता गुरुतरा भूमैः खात्पितोच्चतरस्तथा।
मनः शीघ्रतरं वाताच्चिन्ता बहुतरी तृणात्॥

(क) भूमेः गुरुतरा का? (पृथ्वी से भारी कौन है?)
उत्तर:
भूमेः गुरुतरा माता। (पृथ्वी से भारी माता है।)

(ख) खात् उच्चतरः कः? (आकाश से ऊँचा कौन है?)
उत्तर:
खात् उच्चतरः पिता। (आकाश से ऊँचा पिता है।)

(ग) वातात् शीघ्रतरं किम्? (वायु से तेज चलने वाली कौन है?)
उत्तर:
वातात् शीघ्रतरं मनः। (वायु से तेज चलने वाला मन है।)

(घ) ‘तृणात्’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे विभक्ति वचनं च लिखत? (‘तृणात्’ शब्द में विभक्ति और वचन को लिखिए।)
उत्तर:
‘तृणात्’ इत्यस्मिन् पदे पञ्चमी विभक्ति एकं वचनं च अस्ति। (‘तृणात्’ शब्द में पंचमी विभक्ति एकवचन है।)

Sanskrit Class 8 MP Board प्रश्न 4.
(अ) पाठ्यपुस्तकात् कण्ठस्थीकृतम् एक सुभाषितश्लोकं लिखत यः अस्मिन् प्रश्नपत्रे नास्ति। (पाठ्यपुस्तक से कण्ठस्थ किया हुआ एक सुभाषित श्लोक लिखो जो इस प्रश्न-पत्र में नहीं आया है।)
उत्तर:
अयं निजः परोयेति गणना लप्पुचेतसाम्। उर्दचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्।।

(ब) श्लोकपूर्तिं कुरुत (श्लोक पूर्ति करो-)
विना वेदं विना ………….. विना ………… कथाम्।
विना …………. भारतं न हि।।
उत्तर:
विना वेदं विना गीतां, विना रामायणी कथाम्।
विना कविं कालिदास, भारतं भारतं न हि।।

(स) पाठ्यपुस्तकात् कण्ठस्थीकृताम् एकां सूक्ति लिखत। (पाठ्यपुस्तक से कण्ठस्थ की हुई एक सूक्ति लिखो।)
उत्तर:
विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते।’

MP Board Class 8 Sanskrit Paper 2023 प्रश्न 5.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (5) पञ्चप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि एकपदेन संस्कृत लिखत (निम्नलिखित में से पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में संस्कृत में लिखो-)
(क) कस्मिन् मासे गणतन्त्रदिवसः भवति? (किस महीने में गणतन्त्र दिवस होता है?)
उत्तर:
‘जनवरिमासे’। (जनवरी महीने में।)

(ख) विद्या कीदृशी भवेत? (विद्या कैसी होनी चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
अर्थकरी। (धन का संग्रह करने वाली।)

(ग) विषपानं कः कृतवान्? (विषपानं किसने किया?)
उत्तर:
वीरः हरदौलः। (वीर हरदौल ने।)

(घ) चन्द्रशेखरस्ये पितुः नाम किम्? (चन्द्रशेखर के पिता का नाम क्या था?)
उत्तर :
सीतारामतिवारी। (सीताराम तिवारी।)

(ङ) नर्मदा कस्मात् स्थानात् प्रादुर्भवति? (नर्मदा किस स्थान से निकलती है?)
उत्तर:
अमरकण्टकपर्वतात्। (अमरकण्टक पर्वत से।)

(च) अहिल्यायाः जन्मग्रामः कः? (अहिल्या का जन्म किस गाँव में हुआ?)
उत्तर:
चौण्डी। (चौण्डी)

(छ) मेघदूतस्य कविः कः? (मेघदूत के कवि कौन हैं?)
उत्तर:
कालिदासः। (कालिदास।)

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (5) पञ्चप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि एकवाक्येन संस्कृते लिखत (निम्नलिखित में पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में संस्कृत में लिखो-)
(क) कुत्र चरणीयम्? (कहाँ चढ़ना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
कष्टपर्वते चरणीयम्। (कष्टरूपी पर्वत पर चढ़ना चाहिए।)

(ख) गुणेषु कः करणीयः? (गुणों के उपार्जन हेतु क्या करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
गुणेषु यत्नः करणीयः। (गुणों के उपार्जन हेतु प्रयास करने चाहिए।)

(ग) यूनां प्रेरकः पथप्रदर्शकश्च कः? (युवाओं के प्रेरक और पथ प्रदर्शक कौन हैं?)
उत्तर:
यूनां प्रेरकः पथ-प्रदर्शकश्च स्वामी विवेकानन्द:। (युवाओं के प्रेरक और पथ प्रदर्शक स्वामी विवेकानन्द हैं।)

(घ) चित्रकूटे कः विश्वविद्यालयः अस्ति? (चित्रकूट में कौन-सा विश्वविद्यालय है?)
उत्तर:
चित्रकूटे महात्मागान्धि ग्रामोदय विश्वविद्यालयः अस्ति। (चित्रकूट में महात्मा गाँधी ग्रामोदय विश्वविद्यालय है।)

(ङ) विक्रमादित्यस्य ध्येयवाक्यं किम् आसीत्? (विक्रमादित्य का ध्येय वाक्य क्या था?)
उत्तर:
विक्रमादित्यस्य ध्येयवाक्यं ‘सत्कर्म एव धर्म’ इति आसीत्। (विक्रमादित्य का ध्येय वाक्य ‘सत्कर्म ही धर्म है’ था।)

(च) काशीतलवाहिनी का? (काशी सतह में बहने वाली कौन नदी है?)
उत्तर:
काशीतलवाहिनी गङ्गा। (काशी सतह में बहने वाली गंगा है।)

(छ) पञ्चशाकानां नामानि लिखत। (पाँच सब्जियों के नाम लिखो।)
उत्तर:
पञ्चशाकानां नामानि आलुकं, पलाण्डुः, कुण्माण्ड, शिम्बां, मूलिका च इति सन्ति। (पाँच सब्जियों के नाम आलू, प्याज, कद्दू, सेम और मूली हैं।)

8th Class Ka Sanskrit Ka Paper प्रश्न 6.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वयोः शब्दरूपाणि निर्देशानुसार त्रिषु वचनेषु लिखत। (निम्नलिखित में से दो के शब्द रूप निर्देशानुसार तीनों वचनों में लिखो-)
(क) बालक-प्रथमा
(खा) मातृ -द्वितीया
(ग) राजन्-षष्ठी।
उत्तर:
(क) बालकः बालकौ बालकाः।
(ख) मातरम् मातरौ मातृः।
(ग) राज्ञः राज्ञोः राज्ञाम्।

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वयोः धातुरूपाणि निर्देशानुसारं त्रिषु वचनेषु लिखत (निम्नलिखित में से दो के धातु रूप निर्देशानुसार तीनों वचनों में लिखो-)
(क) वद्-लट्लकारः (वर्तमानकाल:) प्रथमपुरुषः।
उत्तर:
वदति वदतः वदन्ति।

(ख) सेव्-लुट्लकारः (भविष्यकाल:) मध्यमपुरुषः।
उत्तर:
सेविष्यसेसेविष्येथेसेविष्यध्वे।

(ग) लिख्-लङ्लकारः (भूतकालः) उत्तमपुरुषः।
उत्तर:
अलिखम् अलिखाव अलिखाम।

(स) अधोलिखितेषु (4) चत्वारि अशुद्धवाक्यानि शुद्धं कुरुत (निम्नलिखित में से चार अशुद्ध वाक्यों को शुद्ध करो)
(क) श्रीगणेशं नमः।
(ख) सः पुस्तक पठसि।
(ग) कृष्णः यानात् गच्छति।
(घ) छात्रः फलं खादामि।
(ङ) लक्ष्मणः रामस्य सह क्रीडति।
(च) गीता बालकं भोजनं ददाति
उत्तर:
(क) श्री गणेशाय नमः।
(ख) सः पुस्तकं पठति।
(ग) कृष्णः यानेन गच्छति।
(घ) छात्रः फलं खादति।
(ङ) लक्ष्मणः रामेण सह क्रीडति।
(च) गीता बालकाय भोजनं ददाति।

Class 8th Sanskrit Paper 2023 MP Board प्रश्न 7.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रयाणां धातुं प्रत्ययं च पृथक् कुरुत (निम्नलिखित में से तीन के धातु और प्रत्यय अलग-अलग करो-)
(क) पठितुम्
(ख) गत्वा
(ग) गतः
(घ) खादितवान।
उत्तर:
(क) पठ् धातुः, तुमुन प्रत्ययः।
(ख) गम् धातुः, क्त्वा प्रत्ययः।
(ग) गम् धातुः, क्त प्रत्ययः।
(घ) खाद् धातुः, क्तवतु प्रत्ययः।

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वौ उपसर्गौ योजयित्वा पदनिर्माणं कुरुत (निम्नलिखित में से दो उपसर्ग जोड़कर शब्द बनाओ-)
(क) प्र
(ख) अनु
(ग) सु।
उत्तर:
(क) प्रहारः
(ख) अनुभवः
(ग) सुविचारः।

(स) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वयो अव्ययोः प्रयोगं कृत्वा वाक्यनिर्माणं कुरुत (निम्नलिखित में से दो अव्ययों का प्रयोग करके वाक्य। बनाओ-)
(क) अद्य
(ख) न
(ग) प्रायः।
उत्तर:
(क) अद्य वयं विद्यालयं गच्छामः।
(ख) अहम् श्वः मन्दिरं न गमिष्यामि।
(ग) प्रायः सर्वेः जनाः धनमिच्छन्ति।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit प्रश्न 8.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रयाणां पदानां सन्धिविच्छेदं कृत्वा सन्धिनाप लिखत (निम्नलिखित में से तीन पदों का सन्धि विच्छेद करके सन्धि का नाम लिखो-)
(क) विद्यालयः
(ख) सज्जनः
(ग) नमस्ते
(घ) महोत्सवः।
उत्तर:
(क) विद्या + आलयः (स्वर सन्धिः)
(ख) सत् + जनः (व्यञ्जन सन्धिः),
(ग) नमः + ते (विसर्ग सन्धिः),
(घ) महा + उत्सवः (स्वर सन्धि।)

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रयाणां पदानां समासविग्रहं कृत्वा समासनाम लिखत (निम्नलिखित में तीन पदों का समास विग्रह करके समास का नाम लिखो-)
(क) राजपुत्रः
(ख) महापुरुषः
(ग) पितरौ
(घ) चन्द्रशेखरः
उत्तर:
(क) राज्ञः पुत्रः (षष्ठी तत्पुरुषः समासः)
(ख) महान् चासौ पुरुषः (कर्मधारय समासः)
(ग) माता च पिता च (द्वन्द्व समासः)
(घ) चन्द्रःशेखरे यस्य सः (शिवः) (बहुव्रीहि समासः)

(स) अधोलिखतेषु (3) तिस्रः सङख्याः संस्कृते लिखत् (निम्नलिखित में से तीन संख्याओं को संस्कृत में लिखो-)
(क) 28
(ख) 36
(ग) 41
(घ) 46
उत्तर:
(क) अष्टाविंशतिः
(ख) षट्त्रिंशत्
(ग) एकचत्वारिंशत्
(घ) षट्चत्वारिंशत्।

Class 8 Sanskrit Paper प्रश्न 9.
अधोलिखितपदैः पत्रं पूरयत(निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से पत्र को पूरा करो-) (पीडितः, अवकाशं, निवेदनम्, अद्य, आगन्तुं)
सेवायाम्
श्रीमान् प्रधानाध्यापकमहोदयः
शासकीयमाध्यमिकविद्यालयाः
जाबलिपुरम्
महोदय!
विनम्र ………. अस्ति यत् अहम् ………. शीतज्वरेण ………. अस्मि। अतएव विद्यालयम् ………. न शक्नोमि। अतः एकदिवसीयम् ………. स्वीकरोतु।

भवतः आज्ञाकारी शिष्याः
दिनाङ्क : 22 फरवरीमास: 2009 ई.
अजयः
अष्टमकक्षा

उत्तर:
निवेदनम्, अद्य, पीडितः, आगन्तुं, अवकाशं।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals PDF, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

MP Board Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Question 1.
Which of the following can be beaten into thin sheets?
(a) Zinc
(b) Phosphorus
(c) Sulphur
(d) Oxygen.
Answer:
(a) Zinc.

Class 8 Science Chapter 4 MP Board Question 2.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) All metals are ductile.
(b) All non-metals are ductile.
(c) Generally, metals are ductile.
(d) Some non-metals are ductile.
Answer:
(c) Generally metals are ductile.

MP Board Class 8th Science Chapter 4 Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Phosphorus is a very …………… non – metal.
(b) Metals are …………….. conductors of heat and
(c) Iron is ……….. reactive than copper.
(d) Metals react with acids to produce ………….. gas.
Answer:
(a) reactive
(b) good, electricity,
(c) more,
(d) hydrogen.

Chapter 4 Science Class 8 MP Board Question 4.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false.
(a) Generally, non-metals react with acids. [ ]
(b) Sodium is a very reactive metal. [ ]
(c) Copper displaces zinc from zinc sulphate solution. [ ]
(d) Coal can be drawn into wires. [ ]
Answer:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) False.

MP Board Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Question 5.
Some properties are listed in the following table. Distinguish between metals and non-metals on the basis of these properties.

Answer:

Class 8 MP Board Science Chapter 4 Question 6.
Give reasons for the following:
(a) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items.
(b) Immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic substances.
(c) Copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution.
(d) Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene.
Answer:
(a) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items because aluminium is a light metal which can be converted into very thin sheets.
(b) Immersion rods are made up of metallic substances because metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
(c) Copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution because copper is less reactive than zinc.
(d) Sodium and potassium react vigorously with oxygen and water. Therefore, they are stored in kerosene.

MP Board Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Combustion And Flame Question 7.
Can you store lemon pickle in an aluminium utensil? Explain.
Answer:
Lemon pickle contains acids which tends to attack aluminium and iron forming poisonous salts. Therefore, aluminium and iron containers are not used to store pickles.

Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Table 4.1 Solution Question 8.
Match the substances given in column A with their uses given in column B.

Answer:
(i) (d), (ii) (e), (iii) (c), (iv) (f), (v) (b), (vi) (a).

Electrical Conductivity Of Materials Table 4.3 Question 9.
What happens when
(a) Dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate?
(b) Iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution?
Write word equations of the reactions involved.
Answer:
(a) When dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate, it reacts to form copper sulphate and hydrogen.
Copper + Sulphuric acid → Copper sulphate + Hydrogen

(b) When iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution, iron being more reactive than copper, displaces copper to form ferrous sulphate solution.

The blue colour is, thus, changed to light green.
Iron + Copper sulphate → Nail Solution (Blue)
Ferrous sulphate + Copper Solution (Reddish brown)
(Light green)

Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Question 10.
Saloni took a piece of burning charcoal and collected the gas evolved in a test tube.
(a) How will she find the nature of the gas?
(b) Write down avoid equations of all the reactions taking place in this process.
Answer:
(a) She will bring a moist blue litmus paper near the mouth of the test tube. It turns red. It indicates that the gas is acidic in nature. When passed into lime water, the lime water turns milky.

(b)

Standard 8 Science Lesson Number 4 Question Answer Question 11.
One day Reeta went to a jeweller’s shop with her mother. Her mother gave an old gold jewellery to the goldsmith to polish. Next day when they brought the jewellery back, they found that there was a slight loss in its weight. Can you suggest a reason for the loss in weight?
Answer:
In polishing, the jeweller put the gold jewellery in a mild acidic solution, which on reaction with acid goes into the solution. So, in this process certain amount of gold is lost to the acidic solution.

MP Board Class 8th Science Materials: Metals and Non-Metals NCERT Extended Learning-Activities and Projects

8th Science 4th Lesson Question Answer Question 1.
Prepare Index Cards for any four metals and four non-metals. The card should have information like name of metal/non-metal; its physical properties, chemical properties and its uses.
Answer:
Name of metal: Copper.

Physical Properties:
(i) It is hard.
(ii) It is ductile and malleable.
(iii) It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical Properties:
(i) It reacts, with moist air to form greenish coating.
(ii) It’s oxide is basic in nature.
(iii) It reacts with acids to produce hydrogen gas.
(v) It displaces iron from iron sulphate solution.
Uses: Copper is used to make electrical wires, base of cooking utensils, etc.

Metal and Non-Metal
Name of metal: Zinc
1. It is bluish-white in colour.
2. It is lustrous.
3. It is a reasonable conductor of electricity chemical properties.

(i) It reacts with air and a coating of zinc oxide is formed.
(ii) Zinc does not react with nitrogen,
(iii) In reactions with alkalis, the element forms complex compounds.
Uses: Zinc is used for treatment and prevention of Zinc deficiency and its consequences.
Name of metal: Lead.

Physical Properties:
1. It is bluish-white lustrous metal.
2. It is a poor conductor of electricity.
3. It is very soft, highly malleable and ductile.

Chemical Properties
(i) It is a moderately active metal.
(ii) It dissolves slowly in water and in most cold acids.
(iii) It does not react with oxygen in the air readily.
Uses: It is used in ammunition (shot and bullets) and as a constituent of solder.
Name of metal: Iron

Physical Properties:
(i) It is malleable
(ii) It is ductile
(iii) It is sonorous
(iv) It is hard
(v) It is a good conductor of heat and – electricity.

Chemical Properties:
(i) It reacts with oxygen to form rust.
(ii) It reacts with water.
(iii) It reacts with acid to form hydrogen gas.

Name of non-metal: Coal Physical Properties
(i) It is not ductile.
(ii) It is not malleable.
(iii) It is poor conductor of electricity.
(iv) It is not sonorous and does not shine. It is soft.

Chemical Properties:
(i) It’s oxide is acidic in nature.
(ii) It produces oxides of carbon when burnt.
(iii) It does not take part in replacement reaction.
Uses: Coal is used for electricity generation, cement manufacturing, etc.

Name of non-metal: Sulphur.
Physical Properties:
(i) It is soft and dull.
(ii) It is neither ductile nor malleable.
(iii) It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical Properties:
(i) It reacts with oxygen to produce sulphur dioxide.
(ii) It reacts with water to form sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) which is acidic in nature.
(iii) Metals are heated to mould them.
Uses: Sulphur is used in the vulcanisation of black rubber, fungicide, and in black gunpowder.
Name of non-metal: Aluminium

Physical Properties:
1. It is a soft metal.
2. It is silvery light metal.
3. It possesses good thermal and electrical conductivity.

Chemical Properties:
1. It reacts strongly with hydrochloric acid and caustic soda.
2. It reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide.
Uses: Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs reacts with sodium hydroxide to and aeroplane parts. produce hydrogen gas.
Name of non-metal: Oxygen
Uses: Used to make machines, tools, doors, etc.

Physical Properties:
1. Oxygen gas is colourless, odourless and colourless.
2. Oxygen exists as liquid, solid and gas.
3. Its elemental structure is a cubic crystal shape.

Chemical Properties:
1. It is a highly reactive element.
2. It supports combustion.
3. It is highly paramagnetic.
Uses: Oxygen gas is used for oxy-acetylene welding and cutting of metals.

Class 8 Sub Science Chapter 4 Question 2.
Visit a blacksmith and observe how metals are moulded.
Answer:
Do yourself.

8th Science Chapter 4 Question 3.
Suggest an experiment to compare the conductivity of electricity by iron, copper, aluminium and zinc. Perform the experiment and ^prepare a short report on the results.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Class 8 General Science Chapter 4 Question 4.
Find out the locations of the deposits of iron, aluminium and zinc in India. Mark these in an outline map of India. In which form are the deposits found? Discuss in the class.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Class 8 Science 4 Chapter Question Answer Question 5.
Discuss with your parents/neighbours!goldsmiths why gold is preferred for making jewellery.
Answer:
Gold is preferred for making jewellery because it is less reactive, ductile and is a expensive metal.

MP Board Class 8th Science Materials: Metals and Non-Metals NCERT Intext and Projects Activities

TABLE 4.2 Malleability of Materials

TABLE 4 3 Electrical Conductivity of Materials

MP Board Class 8th Science Materials: Metals and Non-Metals NCERT Additional Important Questions

A. Short Answer Type Questions

Metals And Non Metals Class 8 Exercise Question 1.
Which property of metal is used for making bells?
Answer:
Metals are generally sonorous. They make a ringing sound when struck. This property of metals is used for making bells.

Materials And Solutions Class 4 Questions And Answers Question 2.
Why electric wires are made of aluminium and copper?
Answer:
Electric wires are made of aluminium and copper because they are good conductors of electricity.

Table 4.2 Class 8 Science Question 3.
Why cooking utensils and water boilers are made of iron, copper and aluminium?
Answer:
Iron, copper and aluminum have high melting point and they are good conductor of heat. That is why they are used for making utensils and boilers.

Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Up Board Question 4.
What do you understand by ductility?
Answer:
Metals like copper, aluminium, iron and magnesium can be drawn into wires.

Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Question 5.
Name a common metal which is highly resistant to corrosion?
Answer:
The common metal which is highly resistant to corrosion is gold.

B. Long Answer Type Questions

Table 4.1 Class 8 Science Question 6.
A copper plate was dipped in AgN03 solution. After certain time silver from the solution was deposited on the copper plate. State the reason why it happened? Give the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer:
Copper is more reactive than silver. Therefore, it displaces silver from silver nitrate.

MP Board Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Question 7.
What are alloy steels? Name any three alloy steels and give their composition.
Answer:
Steel is an alloy of carbon and iron. When other metals are also present, then it is known as alloy steels. The examples of alloy steel are:

1. Stainless steel: Fe + C + Cr + Ni
2. Tungsten steel: Fe + C + W
3. Iron steel: Fe + C + Ni

MP Board Class 8 Science Solution Question 8.
Describe some of the physical properties of metals.
Answer:
General physical properties of metals are:

• Metals have a shiny appearance that is why they show metallic lustre.
• Metals on being hammered can be beaten into thin sheets. This property is called malleability.
• Metals can be drawn into wires. This property is called ductility.
• Metal have high melting point.
• Metals are sonorous that means when struck make a ringing sound.
• They are good conductor of electricity and heat.

Question 9.
Write a short note on:
(a) Galvanizing
(b) Electroplating
(c) Alloying.
Answer:
(a) Galvanizing. It is a common method of protecting iron from rusting. This is done by dipping the object in molten zinc. The metal object get galvanized by zinc.

(b) Electroplating. This is done by coating the object with a layer of tin or chromium with the help of electricity.

(c) Alloying. Metals which corrode easily are mixed with other metals in molten state. A homogenous mixture is made, that mixture is called alloy. So by alloying corrosion is prevented. For example, stainless steel which is an alloy of iron.

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 सरल समीकरण Ex 4.4

Class 7 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.4 Solutions In Hindi प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित स्थितियों के लिए समीकरण बनाइए और फिर उन्हें हल करके अज्ञात संख्याएँ ज्ञात कीजिए:
(a) एक संख्या के 8 गुने में 4 जोड़िए; आपको 60 प्राप्त होगा।
(b) एक संख्या का \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) घटा 4, संख्या 3 देता है।
(c) यदि मैं किसी संख्या का तीन-चौथाई लेकर इसमें तीन जोड़ दूं, तो मुझे 21 प्राप्त होते हैं।
(d) जब मैंने किसी संख्या के दुगुने में से 11 को घटाया तो परिणाम 15 प्राप्त हुआ।
(e) मुन्ना ने 50 में से अपनी अभ्यास पुस्तिकाओं की संख्या के तिगुने को घटाया, तो उसे परिणाम 8 प्राप्त होता है।
(f) इबेनहल एक संख्या सोचती है। वह इसमें 19 जोड़कर योग को 5 से भाग देती है, उसे 8 प्राप्त होता है।
(g) अनवर एक संख्या सोचता है। यदि वह इस संख्या के में से 7 निकाल दे, तो परिणाम 23 है।
हल:
(a) माना कि संख्या x है।
संख्या का आठ गुना = 8x
अब, प्रश्नानुसार,
8x + 4 = 60
या 8x = 60 -4 (4 को R.H.S. में स्थानापन्न करने पर)
8x = 56
दोनों पक्षों को 8 से भाग देने पर,
\(\frac { 8x }{ 8 }\) = \(\frac { 56 }{ 8 }\)
या x = 7
∴ अभीष्ट सख्या : 7

(b) माना कि संख्या x है।
संख्या का \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
\(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\)x – 4 = 3
\(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) x = 3 + 4
या \(\frac { x }{ 5 }\) = 7
दोनों पक्षों में 5 कां गुणा करने पर,
\(\frac { x }{ 5 }\) x 5 = 7 x 5
∴ अभीष्ट संख्या : 35

(c) माना कि सख्या x है।
तब, संख्या का तीन-चौथाई = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) x + 3 = 21
\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) x+ x = 21 – 3 = 18
दोनों पक्षों में \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x का गुणा करने पर,
\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\) x x \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\)= 18 x \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x
∴ अभीष्ट संख्या : 24

(d) माना कि संख्या x है।
तब संख्या का दुगुना = 2x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
2x -11 = 15
2x = 15 + 11
2x = 26
∴ x = \(\frac { 26 }{ 2 }\) = 13.
अतः अभीष्ट संख्या : 13

(e) माना कि मुन्ना के पास अभ्यास-पुस्तिकाओं की संख्या x है।
तब अभ्यास-पुस्तिकाओं का तिगुना = 3x
अब, प्रश्नानुसार,
50 – 3x = 8
या -3x = 8 – 50 = – 42
दोनों पक्षों में -3 से भाग देने पर,
\(\frac { -3x }{ -3 }\) = \(\frac { -42 }{ -3 }\)
या x = 14
∴ अभीष्ट सख्या : 14

(f) माना कि सख्या x है।
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
\(\frac { x + 19 }{ 5 }\) = 8
या \(\frac { x + 19 }{ 5 }\) x 5 = 8 x 5
या x+ 19 = 40
या x = 40 – 19
या x = 21
∴अभीष्ट संख्या : 21

(g) माना कि संख्या x है।
तब, संख्या का \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\) = \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\)
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
\(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\) x – 7 = 23
या \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\) x = 23 + 7 = 30
दोनों पक्षों में \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) से गुणा करने पर,
या x = 12
∴ अभीष्ट संख्या : 12

Class 7 Math Chapter 4 Exercise 4.4 Solved In Hindi प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित को हल कीजिए :
(a) अध्यापिका बताती है कि उनकी कक्षा में एक विद्यार्थी द्वारा प्राप्त किए गए अधिकतम अंक प्राप्त किए न्यूनतम अंक का दुगुना जमा 7 है। प्राप्त किए गए अधिकतम अंक 87 हैं। प्राप्त किए गए न्यूनतम अंक क्या हैं ?
(b) किसी समद्विबाहु त्रिभुज में आधार कोण बराबर होते हैं। शीर्ष कोण 40° है। इस त्रिभुज के आधार कोण क्या हैं ? (याद कीजिए कि त्रिभुज के तीनों कोणों का योग 180° होता है।)
(c) सचिन द्वारा बनाए गए रनों की संख्या राहुल द्वारा बनाए गए रनों की संख्या की दुगुनी है। उन दोनों द्वारा मिलाकर बनाए गए कुल रन एक दोहरे शतक से 2 रन कम हैं। प्रत्येक ने कितने रन बनाए थे ?
हल:
(a) माना कि न्यूनतम अंक x हैं।
तब न्यूनतम अंकों का दुगुना = 2x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
न्यूनतम अंकों का दुगुना + 7 = 87
या 2x + 7 = 87
या 2x = 87 – 7 = 80
या x = \(\frac { 80 }{ 2 }\) = 40
∴ न्यूनतम अंक = 40

(b) माना कि आधार का कोण x° है।
∴ दूसरा आधार का कोण = x°
∵ शीर्ष कोण = 40°
∴ त्रिभुज के कोणों का योग = x° + x° + 40°
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
2x° + 40° = 180°
या 2x° = 180° – 40° = 140°
या x° = 140°/2 = 70°
∴ त्रिभुज के आधार का प्रत्येक कोण = 70°

(c) माना कि राहुल द्वारा बनाए गए रनों की संख्या x है।
∴ सचिन के रनों की संख्या = 2x
दोनों के रनों का योग = x + 2x = 3x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
या 3x = 200 – 2
या 3x = 198
या x = \(\frac { 198 }{ 3 }\) = 66
x = 198
∴ राहुल के रन = 66
सचिन के रन = 2x = 2 x 66 = 132

Class 7 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.4 Solutions प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित को हल कीजिए :
(i) इरफान कहता है कि उसके पास परमीत के पास जितने कंचे हैं उनके 5 गुने से 7 अधिक कंचे हैं। इरफान के पास 37 कंचे हैं। परमीत के पास कितने कंचे हैं ?
(ii) लक्ष्मी के पिता की आयु 49 वर्ष है। उनकी आयु लक्ष्मी की आयु के तीन गुने से 4 वर्ष अधिक है। लक्ष्मी की आयु क्या है ?
(iii) सुन्दर ग्राम के निवासियों ने अपने गाँव के एक बाग में कुछ पेड़ लगाए। इनमें से कुछ पेड़ फलों के पेड़ थे। उन पेड़ों की संख्या, जो फलों के नहीं थे, फलों वाले पेड़ों की संख्या के तिगुने से 2 अधिक थी। यदि ऐसे पेड़ों की संख्या, जो फलों के नहीं थे, 77 है, तो लगाए गए फलों के पेड़ों की संख्या क्या थी ?
हल:
(i) माना कि परमीत के पास x कंचे हैं।
x का 5 गुना = 5x
इरफान के पास कंचों की संख्या = 37.
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
5x + 7 = 37
या 5x = 37 – 7 = 30
या x = \(\frac { 30 }{ 5 }\) = 6
∴ परमीत के पास कंचों की संख्या = 6

(ii) माना कि लक्ष्मी की आयु = x वर्ष
लक्ष्मी की आयु का तीन गुना = 3x
अब प्रश्नानुसार, लक्ष्मी की आयु का तीन गुना + 4 = पिता की आयु
या 3x + 4 = 49
या 3x = 49 – 4 = 45
या x = \(\frac { 45 }{ 3 }\) = 15
अतः लक्ष्मी की आयु = 15 वर्ष

(iii) माना कि फलों के पेड़ों की संख्या x है।
∴ फलों के पेड़ों का तिगुना = 3x
अब प्रश्नानुसार,
फल वाले पेड़ों की संख्या का तिगुना + 2 = बिना फल वाले पेड़ों की संख्या
या 3x + 2 = 77
या 3x = 77 – 2 = 75
या x = \(\frac { 75 }{ 3 }\) = 25
∴ फलों के पेड़ों की संख्या = 25

Ncert Class 7 Maths Exercise 4.4 Solution प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित पहेली को हल कीजिए :
मैं एक संख्या हूँ,
मेरी पहचान बताओ!
मुझे सात बार लो,
और एक पचास जोड़ो!
एक तिहरे शतक तक पहुँचने के लिए
आपको अभी भी चालीस चाहिए!
हल:
माना कि संख्या x है।
संख्या का 7 गुना = 7x
तीन शतक = 3 x 100 = 300
अब प्रश्नानुसार, सख्या का 7 गुना + 50 = तीन शतक – 40
या 7x + 50 = 300 – 40
या 7x = 300 – 40 – 50
या 7x = 210
या x = \(\frac { 210 }{7 }\) = 30
अतः अभीष्ट संख्या = 30

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Heat

Heat Intext Questions

Question 1.
Boojho says, My left hand tells me that the water in mug C is hot and the right hand tells me that the same water is cold. What should I conclude?
Answer:
Both of the conclusions are true relative to each hand. But a single conclusion can not be drawn from the given information.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 4 Question 2.
Boojho wondered which of the two scales shown in fig. he should read. Paheli told him that India has adopted the Celsius scale and we should read that scale. The other scale with the range 94-108 degrees is the Fahrenheit scales (°F). It was in use earlier.

Answer:
Yes

Question 3.
Boojho got a naughty idea. He wanted to measure the temperture of hot milk using a clinical thermometer. Paheli stopped him from doing so?
Answer:
Yes, do not use a clinical thermometer for measuring the temperature of any object other than he human body because it may break.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Question 4.
Boojho now understand why clinical thermometer can not be used to measure high temperatures. But still wonders whether a laboratory thermometer can be used to measure his body temperature?
Answer:
Yes, laboratory thermometer can also be used for measuring body temperature.

Question 5.
Boojho wonders why the level of mercury should change at all when the bulb of the thermometer is brought in contact with another object?
Answer:
The temperature of other object may not be the same as that of the bulb of the thermometer. When bulb is brought in contact with that object, the temperature of the bulb changes. Thus, the level of mercury also changes.

specific heat Calculator of liquid water at constant volume or constant pressure at temperatures from 0 to 360 °C.

Question 6.
Paheli asks: “Does it mean that heat will not be transferred if the temperature of two objects is the same?”
Answer:
Yes.

Activities
Activity 1
Lost some objects you use commonly in given table. Mark these objects as cold or hot?
Answer:

Activity 2
Measure the body temperature of some of your friends (at least 10) with a clinical thermometer.
Answer:
Observation for body temperature of some persons.

Activity 3
Take a rod or flat strip of a metal, say of aluminium or iron. Fix a few small wax pieces on the rod. These pieces should be at nearly equal distances (fig.). Clamp the rod to a stand. If you do not find a stand, you can put one end of the rod in between bricks. Now, heat the other end of the rod and observe.

What happens to the wax pieces? Do these pieces begin to fall? Which piece fall the first? Do you think that heat is transferred from the end nearest to the flame to the other end?
Answer:
The wax pieces start to melt and fall down.
Yes.
The piece nearest to the flame tall first. Yes, heat is transferred from the end nearest to the flame to the other end.

Activity 4
Heat water in a small pan or a beaker. Collect some articles such as a steel spoon, plastic scale, pencil and divider. Dip one end of each of these articles in hot water (fig.). Wait for a few minutes. Touch the other end. Enter your observation in Table.

Activity 5
Explain with activity heat transfer by conduction method?
Answer:
1. Aim:
To understand, ‘heat transfer by conduction’.

2. Required material:
Iron stick, some nails, candle.

3. Process:
Attach the nails on thin iron rod at some intervals with help of candle-wax as shown in figure. Now heat one end of iron rod with candle.

4. Analysis:
When we Start heating one end of iron rod, nails start falling one by one. The nail which is adjacent to hot end of iron – rod, falls first and then other nails 1 fall in sequence. Falling of nails in sequence indicate heat flow by conduction. Some time later, heat reaches to other end of rod and entire rod becomes hot.

5. Conclusion:
Heat transfer in iron – rod takes place by conduction.

Activity 6
Take a round bottom flask (if flask is not available, a beaker can be used). Fill it two – thirds with water. Place it on a tripod, or make some arrangement to place the flask in such a way that you can heat it by placing a candle below it. Wait till the water in the flask in still. Place a crystal of potassium permanganate at the bottom of the flask gently using a straw. Now, heat the water by placing the candle just below the crystal. Write your observation in your notebook and also draw a picture of what you observe.
Answer:
When water is heated, the water near the flame gets hot. Hot water rises up. The cold water from the sides moves

down towards the source of heat. This water also gets hot and rises and water from the sides moves down. This process continues till the whole water gets heated. This mode of heat transfer is knwon as convection.

Heat Text book exercises

Question 1.
State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer?
Answer:
Similarities:

1. Both use mercury.
2. Both measure temperature.

Differences:
1. The range of a mercury thermometer is 100°C. A mercury thermometer having graduations from 0°C to 100°C while the temperature interval marked on the clinical thermometers ranges from 35°C to 43°C.

2. The temperature on laboratory thermometer falls by itself, but not so in clinical thermometer. In clinical thermometers, a jerk is given so that it is set again for measuring human body temperature.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 3 Heat Question 2.
Give two emamples each of conductors and insulators of heat?
Answer:
Conductors: Copper, Aluminium

Insulators: Wood, Plastic

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The hotness of an object is determined by its ………………
2. Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a ………………. thermometer.
3. Temperature is measured in degree …………………
4. No medium is required for tansfer of heat by the process of ………………..
5. A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfers heat to its other end by the process of …………………..
6. Clothes of ………………. dolours absorb heat better than clothes of light colours.

Answer:

1. Temperature
2. Clinical
3. Celsius
4. Radiation
5. Conduction
6. Dark/black.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 MP Board Question 4.
Match the following:

Answer:

(i) (d)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (a)

Question 5.
Discusss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than waering just one thick piece of clothing?
Answer:
More layers of clothing keep us warm in winters as they have a lot of space between them. Air is a poor conductor of heat. This increases the insulation and thus, comfortability warm of the clothes as a whole.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 3 Heat Question 6.
Look at fig Mark where the heat is being transferred by conduction, by convection and by radiation?
Answer:

Question 7.
In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain?
Answer:
In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer wall of houses be painted white because white colour do not radiate heat easily.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Question 8.
One litre of water at 30°C is mixed with one litre of water at 50°C. The temperature of the mixture will be

1. 80°C
2. More than 50°C but less than 80°C
3. 20°C
4. Between 30°C and 50°C

Answer:
4. Between 30°C and 50°C.

Question 9.
An iron ball at 40°C is dropped in a mug containing water at 40°C. The heat will

1. Flows from iron ball to water.
2. Not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.
3. Flows from water to iron ball.
4. Increase the temperature of both.

Answer:
2. Not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball.

Science Chapter 4 Class 7 Question Answer Question 10.
A wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. Its other end

1. Becomes cold by the process of conduction.
2. Becomes cold by the process of convection.
3. Becomes cold by the process of radiation.
4. Does not become cold.

Answer:
4. Does not become cold.

Question 11.
Stainless steel pans are usually provided with copper bottoms. The reason for this could be that

1. Copper bottom makes the pan more durable
2. Such pans appear colourful
3. Copper is a better conductor of heat than the stainless steel
4. Copper is easier to clean than the stainless steel.

Answer:
3. Copper is a better conductor of heat than the stainless steel

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Table 4.3 Class 7 Science Question 1.
Go to a doctor or your nearest health centre. Observe the doctor taking temperature of patients Enquire?

1. Why she dips the thermometer in a liquid before use.
2. Why the thermomter is kept under the tongue.
3. Whether the body temperature can be measured by keeping the thermomter at some place other than the mouth.
4. Whether the temperature of different parts of the body is the same or different. You can add more questions which come to your mind.

Answer:

1. Because to prevent infection. This liquid is an antiseptic.
2. Because the temperature below the tongue represents actual temperature of body.
3. Yes, but not so desirable.
4. Temperature of different parts of the body are different.

Question 2.
Go to a veterinary doctor (a doctor who treats animals)?
Discuss and find out the normal temperature of domesitc animals and birds.
Answer:

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Table 4.3 Question 3.
Wrap a thin paper strip tightly around an iron rod. Try to burn the paper with candle while rotating the iron rod continuously. Does it burn? Explain your observation?
Answer:
No, the paper strip does not burn. Iron it a good conductor of heat. It takes away .the heat from paper and saves it from burning.

Question 4.
Take a sheet of paper. Draw a spiral on it as shown in the fig. Cut out the paper along the line. Suspend the paper as shown in figure, above a lighted candle. Observe what happens. Think of an explanation?

Answer:
The paper spiral keeps moving. This is so because the air above the flame moves up due to convection.

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Extended Learning Activities And Projects Question 5.
Take two similar transparent glass bottles having wide mouths. Put a few crystals of potassium permanganate or pour a few drops of ink in one bottle. Fill this bottle with hot water. Fill the other bottle with cold water. Cover the cold water bottle with a thick piece of paper such as a postcard. Press the postcard firmly with one hand and hold the bottle with the other hand. Invert the bottle and place it on top of the hot water bottle. Hold both the bottles firmly. Ask some other person to pull the postcard. Observe what happens. Explain.
Answer:
Do with the help of your subject teacher.

Heat Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative:

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Question (i)
By which method heat transfer takes place in solids –
(a) Convection
(b) Conduction
(c) Radiation
(d) All three.
Answer:
(b) Conduction

Question (ii)
When can feel the hotness of some hot substance like electric iron from a little distance by which method?
(a) Convection
(b) Conduction
(c) Radiation
(d) All three methods.
Answer:
(c) Radiation

Table 4.1 Class 7 Science Question (iii)
By which method sun’s heat reaches to earth –
(a) Conduction
(b) Convection
(c) Radiation
(d) Conduction and convection.
Answer:
(c) Radiation

Question (iv)
The handle of cooker is make up of bakelite because it is –
(a) Cheap
(b) Looks beautiful
(c) Bad conductor of heat
(d) Good conductor of heat.
Answer:
(c) Bad conductor of heat

Question (v)
By which of the following processes the water circulates in radiator of the bus engine and keeps the engine cool –
(a) Convection
(b) Radiation
(c) Conduction
(b) Conduction and radiation.
Answer:
(a) Convection

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Table 4.1 Question (vi)
Ice is kept in four boxes made of the following materials. If the same quantity of ice is kept for same time in the boxes, in which box the ice will melt least –
(a) Lead
(b) Wood
(c) Steel
(d) Thermocoal.
Answer:
(d) Thermocoal.

Question (vii)
In radiation, heat energy travel in –
(a) Curred lines
(b) Zig – zag lines
(c) Straight lines
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Straight lines

Table 4.2 Class 7 Science Question (viii)
A thermos flask prevents loss or gain of heat by –
(a) Radiation only
(b) Conduction only
(c) Convection only
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Conduction only

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The measure of …………… energy is temperature.
2. ……………. is the apparatus to measure temperature.
3. The temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid is called its …………….
4. In convection, water travels from …………. region to the ……………. region.
5. The black bodies are good ………….. of heat.
6. Water is a …………… conductor of heat.
7. Transfer of energy between different part of a body is called ……………
8. Shining bodies are poor ……………. of heat energy.
9. Dark objects absorbs …………… heat then light coloured object.

Answer:

1. Heat
2. Thermometer
3. Melting point
4. Hotter, colder
5. Absorber
6. Bad
7. Conduction
8. Radiators
9. More.

Which of the following statements are True (T) or False(F):

1. Heat is a form of energy.
2. Heat flows from a lower temperature to a higher temperature.
3. The temperature of a healthy adult is 98.4°C.
4. Iron is better conductor of heat than aluminium.
5. The temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid is called its melting point.
6. In thermometer highest points is 100°C.
7. In thermometer’s the lowest point is 273°K Radiation of heat can take place without a medium. See
8. breeze is the blowing of air from sea toward the land.
9. Air is a good conductor of heat.

Answer:

1. Ture (T)
2. False (F)
3. False (F)
4. False (F)
5. True (T)
6. Ture (T)
7. True (T)
8. True (T)
9. True (T)
10. False (F).

Class 7 Science Chapter 4 Table 4.2 Question 4.
Match the items in Column A with Column B:

Answer:

(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (b)
(iv) (c)

Heat Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define clinical thermometer?
Answer:
The thermometer that is used to measures our body temperature is called a clinical thermometer.

Question 2.
What is the range of a clinical thermometer?
Answer:
35°C to 42°C.

Body Temperature Of Some Person Question 3.
Why is range of a clinical thermometer is chosen to be 35°C to 42°C?
Answer:
The clinical thermometer is designed to measure the temperature of human body only. The temperature of human body normally does not go below 35°C or above 42°C. That is the reason why this thermometer has the range 35°C to 42°C.

Question 4.
What is the use of kink in thermometer?
Answer:
Kink prevents mercury level from falling on its own.

Question 5.
Why dose the mercury not fall or rise in a clinical thermometer when taken out of the month?
Answer:
The kink prevents the mercury level from falling down.

Class 7th Science Chapter 4 Question 6.
Name two substances which contract on heating.
Answer:
Bismuth, Ice.

Question 7.
Which substances has the highest heat capacity?
Answer:
Water.

Question 8.
Which gets hotter soon, land or water?
Answer:
Land.

Question 9.
What is thermos flask?
Answer:
Thermos flask is a device in which heat losses due to conduction, convention and radiation are minimised.

Question 10.
How does the heat travel in air? In which direction does the smoke go?
Answer:
Heat moves in air by convection. The smoke moves in the upward direction.

Question 11.
How does the heat from the sun reaches?
Answer:
By radiation.

Class 7 General Science Chapter 4 Question Answer Question 12.
Why are you advised to use an umbrella when you go out in the Sun?
Answer:
The umbrella protects us from heat rays of the Sun.

Question 13.
What is temperature?
Answer:
Temperature of an object is the degree of its hotnees. It tells us how hot or cold the object is.

Question 14.
Name the instrument we use to measure temperature.
Answer:
We use thermometers to measure the temperature.

Question 15.
Write the S.I. unit of heat?
Answer:
Joule.

Science Class 7 Chapter 4question Answer Question 16.
Write the names of the methods of heat transfer?
Answer:
The names of methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection and radiation.

Question 17.
The iron nails from aluminium rods falls faster than from iron rod. What do you conclude from this statement?
Answer:
It means that aluminium is a better conductor of heat as compared to iron. So it passes heat much quickly to the iron nails and they fall down due to melting of wax.

Question 18.
Why in summer days does the fan give hot air first in a closed room when it is switched on?
Answer:
In a closed room the hot air remains at top because it is lighter. So when fan is turned on, it circulates the upper air first and it gives a current of hot air.

Class 7th Science Chapter Number 4 Question 19.
Why are the cooking utensile made up of metals?
Answer:
Cooking utensils are made up of metals as they are good conductor of heat. They transfer the heat to the food inside quickly and the food is cooked easily.

Question 20.
What are good conductors of heat? Give examples.
Answer:
Substances which allow the heat to pass through them are called good conductors of heat. Examples : all metal like iron, aluminium, copper and alloys like steel etc.

Question 21.
What are bad conductor of heat? Give examples.
Answer:
Substance which do not allow the heat to pass through them are called bad conductor of heat.
Examples: wood, paper, asbestos, rubber etc.

Science Class 7 Lesson 4 Question 22.
Why do fire workers wear bright clothes?
Answer:
Fire worker wears bright clothes because bright clothes are good reflector of heat. They send back the heat falling on them. Thus fire workers do not catch fire and heat easily.

Question 23.
On a cold winter night, why do we feel colder when the sky clear than when it is cloudy?
Answer:
As clouds are bad conductor of heat, they do not allow the warm air around us to flow up. So heat remains near the ground and we feel warmer.

Class 7 Science Chapter 3 Heat Question 24.
When does the conduction of heat stop in two bodies in contact?
Answer:
The conduction of heat stops in two bodies in contact when the two bodies attain equal temperature. That is the two bodies have no temperature difference.

Question 25.
How do you note the temperature of the body with thermometer?
Answer:
When bulb of thermometer comes in contact with our body. The mercury in the thin tube rises up. When the temperature of thermometer and body becomes equal, the level of the mercury does not rise further. This is the temperature of the body.

Heat Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Answer:
Heat:

1. Heat is a form of energy. It flows from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature.
2. Heat is measured in Joules or Calorie.

Temperature:

1. Temperature is a measure of energy in the form of heat. Generally the temperature of a body increases when it is heated.
2. Temperature is measured in Celcius.

Chapter 4 Science Class 7th Question 2.
On basis of what properties, mercury is used in thermometer?
Answer:
Mercury is used in thermometer because of the following properties:

1. Thermal expansion is uniform in mercury.
2. As it is shining silvery white, its thermal expansion is seen easily. This helps in noting the reading of thermometer easily.
3. It does not stick to the surface of glass.
4. Mercury does not freeze at 0°C because it’s freezing point is 39°C.

It does not boil at 100°C because it’s boiling point is 357°C. Hence, mercury has wide range of temperature between its freezing point and boiling point.

Question 3.
Distinguish between conduction and convection.
Conduction:

1. In conduction the molecules do not leave their position.
2. It generally takes place in solid.

Convection:

1. In convection the molecules of the substance actually move from hotter region to colder region.
2. It generally takes place in gases and liquids.

MP Board Solution Question 4.
Why should we wear dark coloured clothes in winter and light coloured clothes in summer?
Answer:
Bright clothes objects tend to reflect back the heat more, than to absorb the heat. Therefore, it is advisable to wear them in summer. On the other hand, dark coloured clothes have a greater tendency to absored and hence “retain” the heat. Hence they are worn in winter.

Question 5.
Why rise in temperature in two substances of equal quantity is not same even through equal amount of heat is given to them?
Answer:
The same quantity of heat supplied to the same amount of different substances, then the rise in teperature would not be same bacause the rise in temperature of the substance would depend on their specific heat. The temperaute of the substance which has less specific heat would rise more.

Question 6.
What are the precautions to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer?
Answer:
Precautions to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer are:

1. Thermometer should be washed before and after use, preferably with an antiseptic solution.
2. Ensure that before use, the mercury level is below 35°C.
3. Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
4. Handle the thermometer with care. If it hits against some hard object, it can break.
5. Don’t hold the thermometer by the bulb while reading it.

Question 7.
What are the precautions to be observed while reading a laboratory thermometers?
Answer:
In addition to the precautions needed while reading a clinical thermometer, the laboratory thermometer

1. Should be kept upright not tilted.
2. Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the substance of which the temperature is to be measured. The bulb should not touch the surface of the container.

Question 8.
Define mamixum – minimum thermometer.
Answer:
Different types of thermoters are used for different puroposes. The maximum and minimum temperatures of the previous day, reported in weather reports, are measured by a thermometer called the maximum – minimum thermometer.

Question 9.
Draw diagram of the laboratory thermometer. Mark the lower and upper fixed temperatures on a Celsius scale and indicate the values in Kelvin scale aslo.
Answer:

Question 10
Name three different types of thermometers. Which of these is most sensitive?
Answer:
The three different types of thermometers are:

1. Mercury thermometer
2. Alcohol thermometer
3. Gases thermometer.

Mercury thermometer is used to measure nominal temperature. Alcohol thermometer is used to measure very low temperature. The gaseous thermometer is the most sensitive of all, as the gases are very sensitive to the slightest temperature change. The gaseous thermometers are rarely used because of the difficulty they pose in handling.

Question 11.
Define digital thermometers with diagram?
Answer:
There is a lot of concern over the use of mercury in thermometers. Mercury is a toxic substance and is very difficult to dispose of if a thermometer breaks. These days, digital thermometers are available which do not use mercury.

Heat Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain with experiment the method of heat transfer by radiation?
Answer:
To know that the amount of heat absorbed or radiated by a substance depends upon colour of a substance.

Required Material:
Two containers of same metal, two thermometer, black and white colour, two cardboard pieces.

Procedure:

1. Colour the outer surface of one container with black and other with white.

2. Add equal quantity of tap water in both and insert thermometer by making a hole at the centre of card board as shown in picture.

3. Keep both containers for about 30 minutes under the sun. Then note down the temperature of both the containers.

4. Now add same quantity of hot water heated upto 50 to 60°C in both containers. Arrange the card board and thermometer properly and keep both of them is shadow for about 10 minutes. Then note down temperature of water from both containers.

Analysis:

Position 1.
After keeping containers for 30 minutes under the sun, you will see that, there is more increase in temperature of water in black container in comparision with white one. It is because black or dark colours are good absorbers of heat while white (light) colour is not.

Position 2.
After keeping the containers for 10 minutes in shadow, you will see that water in black container has cooled more than the water in white container. It is because black or dark colours are good emitters of heat, while white (light) colours are not.

Conclusion:

1. Black or dark colour are good absorbers or emitters of heat.
2. White or light colurs are good reflectors of heat. It means they are not good absorbers or emitters of heat.
3. The amount of heat emitted or absorbed by a substance depends upon colour of a substance.

Question 2.
Write some facts which indicates that sun light reaches to us by method of radiation?
Answer:
Medium is required for transfer of heat by conduction and convection process. When you stand under the sun, you experience heat. Heat reaches upto us from the sun. It is necessary to know following facts:

1. Air is poor conductor of heat hence heat is not transfered by conduction method in air.

2. Sun’s heat does not reach upto us by convection process also. Beacuse, you know that, convection will start only after earth is heated.

3. There is vacuum between sun and errth i.e. there is no medium. Hence sun’s heat can not reach upto us by conduction or convection method because medium is required for both methods. It means that sun’s heat reached us by some other method called radiation.

Question 3.
How does the highest and lowest constant point of thermometer marked?
Answer:
Two constant points i.e., lowest and highest are required to be marked while graduating the thermometer.

The lowest constant point:
The thermometer bulb is kept in a melting ice as shown in figure. Mercury descends in tube and remains constant after some time. This point is marked. This is lowest constant point of thermometer.

Highest constant point:
The thermometer bulb is kept in vapour of pure boiling water. Mercury ascends in tube and remains constant after some time. This point is marked. This is the highest constant point of thermometer.

Celcius scale:
Lowest constant point (temperature of melting ice) is indicated by °C and highest constant point (temperature of boiling water) is indicated by 100°C in this scale. The length between these two point is divided into 100 equal parts. The value of each parts is 1°C.

Question 4.
How does sea breeze flow?
Answer:
Convection current has got an important role in change of seasons. Sea breeze is the best example of this principle. In fact during day time, seashore land gets hotter earlier than water. Air in contact with it, becomes hot and rises. (Density of hot air is less and hence it is lighter) and hence to take its place cold air above sea flows towards seashore. Because of it, during day time sea breeze flows.

During night time, this process gets reversed. See water becomes cool later than seashore during night time. (As the specific heat capacity of water is more than the seashore land, it takes longer time to become hot and also takes longer time to become cool). Hence during night time, temperature of sea is more than seashore. As a result surface air of sea gets hotter and rises and air above seashore takes its place. In this way during night time cool air flows towards sea.

Question 5.
What is thermometer? Describe its construction?
Answer:
A thermometer is a device which is used to measure temperature accurately. The two commonly used thermometers are clinical thermometer and laboratory thermometer. The clinical thermometer is used by doctors to measure the body temperature. The laboratory thermometer is used in laboratories to measure melting point and boiling points.

A thermometer consists of a very fine capillary glass tube attached to a bulb containing mercury. In laboratory  thermometer the mercury is at zero mark when placed in ice and is at hundred mark when placed in boiling water. Therefore, zero, mark is considered as lower fixed point and 100 mark is considered as upper fixed point (see fig.).

Question 6.
Explain the structure or thermos flask with neat diagram?
Answer:
Thermos Flask was prepared first of all by Sir James Debar. It is used for storing cold or hot liquids for hours together. It is designed in such a way that heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation should be minimum.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 3 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Model Question Paper (आदर्श प्रश्नपत्रम्)

Class 6 Sanskrit Paper प्रश्न 1.
(अ) समुचितपदं चित्वा लिखत (उचित शब्द छाँटकर लिखो)
(क) विद्वान् पूज्यते-
(अ) एकत्र
(ब) सर्वत्र
(स) अत्र
(द) अन्यत्र।
उत्तर:
(ब) सर्वत्र

(ख) मध्यप्रदेशस्य राजधानी अस्ति-
(अ) इन्दौरम्
(ब) ग्वालियरम्
(स) भोपालम्
(द) जबलपुरम्।
उत्तर:
(स) भोपालम्

(ग) मकरः निवसति-
(अ) वृक्षे
(ब) पर्वते
(स) नगरे
(द) जले।
उत्तर:
(द) जले।

(घ) कार्याणि सिध्यन्ति-
(अ) उद्यमेन
(ब) ज्ञानेन
(स) शयनेन
(द) मनोरथेन।
उत्तर:
(अ) उद्यमेन

(ङ) निम्नलिखितेषु उपसर्गः अस्ति-
(अ) ज्ञानम्
(ब) धनम्
(स) अनु
(द) पत्रम्।
उत्तर:
(स) अनु

(ब) प्रदत्तैः शब्दैः रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत (दिये गये शब्दों से रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करो)
(महाकालस्य, सङ्गणकयन्त्रस्य, पुष्पैः, स्वास्थ्याय, मित्राणि)
(क) मालायाः निर्माणं ………… भवति।
(ख) भोजनं ……………… भवति।
(ग) उज्जयिनी ……………… नगरी।
(घ) जन्वतः अस्माकं ………………. सन्ति।
(ङ) शिक्षाक्षेत्रे ……………. महती भूमिका अस्ति।
उत्तर:
(क) पुष्पैः
(ख) स्वास्थ्याय
(ग) महाकालस्य
(घ) मित्राणि
(ङ) सङ्गणकयन्त्रस्य।

Sanskrit Patra Lekhan Class 6 प्रश्न 2.
अधोलिखितगद्यांशं पठित्वा प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृते लिखत- (नीचे लिखे गद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संस्कृत में लिखो)

परेषाम् उपकारः परोपकारः। सूर्यः लोकहिताय तपति। नद्यः परोपकाराय वहन्ति। वृक्षाः परोपकाराय फलानि यच्छन्ति। मेधाः परोपकाराय जलं वर्षन्ति। वसुधा परोपकाराय भारं वहति। एवं प्रकृतिः परोपकाराय प्रेरयति।

(क) कः लोकहिताय तपति?
(ख) वृक्षाः किमर्थं फलानि यच्छन्ति?
(ग) के परोपकाराय जलं वर्षन्ति?
(घ) का परोपकाराय प्रेरयति?
उत्तर:
(क) सूर्यः लोकहिताय तपति।
(ख) वृक्षाः परोपकाराय फलानि यच्छन्ति।
(ग) मेघाः परोपकाराय जलं वर्षन्ति।
(घ) प्रकृतिः परोपकाराय प्रेरयति।
अथवा

प्रथमदिवसे त्रयोदश्यां जनाः आभूषणानि गृहपात्राणि स्वर्ण रजतं वा क्रीणन्ति। धन्वन्तरीति वैद्यराजः अद्य एव पूज्यते। द्वितीयदिवस्य चतुर्दश्याः विशेषता अस्ति सूर्योदयात् प्राक् अभ्यङ्गस्नानम्। तृतीयदिवसे अमावस्यायां जनाः धनदेवी लक्ष्मी पूजयन्ति। व्यापारिणः व्यापारपुस्तकानामपि पूजनं कुर्वन्ति।

(क) प्रथमदिवसे त्रयोदश्यां जनां किं किं क्रीणन्ति?
(ख) तृतीयदिवसे जनाः कां पूजयन्ति?
(ग) द्वितीयदिवसस्य चतुर्दश्याः विशेषता का?
(घ) के व्यापारपुस्तकानामपि पूजनं कुर्वन्ति?
उत्तर:
(क) प्रथमदिवसे त्रयोदश्यां जनां आभूषणानि गृहपात्राणि स्वर्ण रजतं वा क्रीणन्ति।
(ख) तृतीयदिवसे अमावस्यायां जनाः धनदेवी लक्ष्मी पूजयन्ति।
(ग) द्वितीयदिवसस्य चतुर्दश्या विशेषता अस्ति सूर्योदयात् प्राक् अभ्यङ्गस्नानम्।
(घ) व्यापारिण: व्यापार पुस्तकानामपि पूजनं कुर्वन्ति।

MP Board Class 6 Sanskrit प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखितपद्यांशं पठित्वा प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि संस्कृते लिखत (नीचे लिखे पद्यांश को पढ़कर प्रश्नों के उत्तर संस्कृत में लिखो)

विदेशेषु धनं विद्या, व्यसनेषु धनं मतिः।
परलोके धनं धर्मः, शीलं सर्वत्र वै धनम्॥

(क) कुत्र धनं विद्या?
(ख) केषु धनं मतिः?
(ग) परलोके धनं किम्?
(घ) किं सर्वत्र धनम्?
उत्तर:
(क) विदेशेषु धनं विद्या।
(ख) व्यसनेषु धनं मति।
(ग) परलोके धनं धर्मः।
(घ) शीलं सर्वत्र धनम्।
अथवा

दुखानां तु विनाशाय, वर्धनाय सुखस्य च।
सर्वभूतहितार्थाय, चलिष्यामो निरन्तरम्॥

(क) वयं केषां विनाशाय चलिष्यामः?
(ख) वयं कस्य वर्धनाय चलिष्यामः?
(ग) केषां हितार्थाय वयं चलिष्यामः?
(घ) वयं कीदृशं चलिष्यामः?
उत्तर:
(क) वयं दु:खानां विनाशाय चलिष्यामः।
(ख) वयं सुखस्य वर्धनाय चलिष्यामः।
(ग) सर्वभूतहितार्थाय वयं चलिष्यामः।
(घ) वयं निरन्तरं चलिष्यामः।

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit प्रश्न 4.
(अ) पाठ्यपुस्तकात् कण्ठस्थीकृतम् एक सुभाषितश्लोकं लिखतः यः अस्मिन् प्रश्नपत्रे नास्ति।
(पाठ्य पुस्तक से याद किया हुआ एक सुभाषित श्लोक लिखिए जो इस प्रश्न-पत्र में न आया हो)-
उत्तर:
देन्यं चैव हरिष्यामः सर्वभारत भूतलात्।
भेदभाव विनाशाय, उद्यताः सर्वदा वयम्॥

(ब) श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत (श्लोक को पूरा करो)-
यस्य नास्ति ………… शास्त्रं…………… किम्। ………….. विहीनस्य, दर्पण: किं………….
उत्तर:
स्वयं प्रज्ञा, तस्य करोति, लोचनाभ्यां, करिष्यति॥

Class 6th Sanskrit Paper प्रश्न 5.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (5) पञ्चप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि एकपदेन संस्कृते लिखत- (नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों में से पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक शब्द में संस्कृत में लिखो)
(क) मोहनः रात्रौ किं पश्यति? (मोहन रात को क्या देखता है?)
उत्तर:
दूरदर्शनम् (दूरदर्शन) (टी. वी.)

(ख) का कार्यसाधिका भवति? (कार्य में सफलता देने वाली क्या होती है?)
उत्तर:
संहति (एकता)

(ग) वायुयानं केन मार्गेण गच्छति? (वायुयान किस मार्ग से चलता है?)
उत्तर:
आकाशमार्गेण (आकाश मार्ग से)

(घ) मध्यप्रदेशस्य मध्यभागे का नदी प्रवहति? (मध्यदेश के मध्य भाग में कौन-सी नदी बहती है?)
उत्तर:
नर्मदा नदी

(ङ) कः प्रतिदिन जम्बूफलानि खादति स्म? (प्रतिदिन कौन जामुन के फल खाया करता था?)
उत्तर:
वानरः (बन्दर)

(च) सिक्खधर्मस्य प्रवर्तकः कः? (सिक्ख धर्म के प्रवर्तक कौन थे?)
उत्तर:
गुरुनानकः।

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (5) पञ्चप्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि एकवाक्येन संस्कृते लिखत- (नीचे लिखे प्रश्नों के से पाँच प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में संस्कृत में लिखो)
(क) कस्मात् विक्रमसंवत्सरस्य गणना भवति? (विक्रम संवत्सर की किससे गणना होती है?)
उत्तर:
उज्जयिन्याः राजा विक्रमादित्यस्य कालात् विक्रम संवत्सरस्य गणना भवति। (उज्जयिनी के राजा विक्रमादित्य के काल से विक्रमसंवत्सर की गणना होती है।)

(ख) आदिकविः कः अस्ति? (आदिकवि कौन हैं?)
उत्तर:
आदिकवि: वाल्मीकिः अस्ति। (आदि कवि वाल्मीकि हैं।)

(ग) भारतीयाः कस्यै निरन्तरं प्रयासम् अकुर्वन्? (भारतीयों ने किसके लिए निरन्तर प्रयास किये थे?)
उत्तर:
भारतीयाः स्वतन्त्रतायै निरन्तरं प्रयासम् अकुर्वन् (भारतीयों ने स्वतन्त्रता के लिए निरन्तर प्रयास किये।)

(घ) भोजस्य नाम केन कारणेन प्रसिद्धम्? (भोज का नाम किस कारण से प्रसिद्ध है?)
उत्तर:
भोजस्य नाम शिक्षाप्रियता कारणेन प्रसिद्धम्। (भोज का नाम शिक्षाप्रियता के कारण प्रसिद्ध है।)

(ङ) भारतभूतलात् वयं किं हरिष्यामः? (भारत धरा से हम किसे दूर करेंगे?)
उत्तर:
भारतभूतलात् वयं दैन्यं हरिष्यामः। (भारत धरा से हम दीनता को दूर करेंगे।)

(च) लक्ष्मी: शुद्धा कथं भवति? (लक्ष्मी शुद्ध किस तरह होती है?)
उत्तर:
श्रमेण अर्जिता लक्ष्मी: शुद्धा भवति। (परिश्रम से कमाई लक्ष्मी शुद्ध होती है।)

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Solutions प्रश्न 6.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वयोः शब्दयोः रूपाणि त्रिषु वचनेषु लिखत- (निम्नलिखित में से दो शब्दों के रूप तीनों वचनों में लिखो)
(क) नदी-सप्तमी विभक्तिः
(ख) गुरु-चतुर्थी विभक्तिः
(ग) बालक-तृतीया विभक्तिः
उत्तर:

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (2) द्वयोः धातुरूपाणि निर्देशानुसारं त्रिषु वचनेषु लिखत- (निम्नलिखित में से दो के धातुरूप निर्देशानुसार तीनों वचनों में लिखो)
(क) पठ् – लङ्लकारः (भूतकाल:), मध्यमपुरुषः
(ख) क्रीड् – लुट्लकारः (भविष्यकालः), प्रथमपुरुषः
(ग) कृ – लट्लकारः (वर्तमानकालः),
उत्तर:

(स) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रीणि अशुद्धवाक्यानि शुद्धानि कुरुत- (निम्नलिखित में से तीन अशुद्ध वाक्यों को शुद्ध करो)
(क) बालकाः क्रीडति
(ख) सः गच्छन्ति
(ग) छात्रः पठसि
(घ) वयं लिखामि।
उत्तर:
(क) बालकः क्रीडति
(ख) सः गच्छति
(ग) छात्रः पठति
(घ) वयं लिखामः

Class 6 Sanskrit Paper Solution प्रश्न 7.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रयाणां धातुं प्रत्ययं च पृथक् कुरुत (निम्नलिखित में से तीन के धातु व प्रत्यय पृथक् करो)
(क) चलितुम्
(ब) हसित्वा
(ग) गन्तुम्
(घ) भूत्वा।
उत्तर:
(क) चलितुम् = चल् + तुमुन्।
(ख) हसित्वा = हस् + क्त्वा।
(ग) गन्तुम् = गम् + तुमुन्।
(घ) भूत्वा = भू + क्त्वा।

(ब) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रीन् उपसर्गान् पृथक् कुरुत(निम्नलिखित में से तीन उपसर्गों को पृथक् करो)
(क) प्रतिकरोति
(ख) परिहारः
(ग) विहरति
(घ) अनुवादः।
उत्तर:
(क) प्रति
(ख) परि
(ग) वि
(घ) अनु।

(स) अधोलिखितेषु अव्ययं चित्वा लिखत(निम्नलिखित में से अव्यय छाँटकर लिखो)
(क) फलम्
(ख) सर्वदा
(ग) तत्र
(घ) लेखनी।
उत्तर:
(ख) सर्वदा
(ग) तत्र।

6th Class Sanskrit Paper प्रश्न 8.
(अ) अधोलिखितेषु (3) त्रयाणां पदानां सन्धिविच्छेदं कृत्वा सन्धिनाम लिखत-
(क) भोजनालयः
(ख) भानूष्मा
(ग) कवीन्द्रः
(घ) विद्यार्थी।
उत्तर:
(क) भोजनालय = भोजन + आलयः-दीर्घ सन्धि
(ख) भानूष्मा = भानु + ऊष्मा-दीर्घ सन्धि
(ग) कवीन्द्र = कवि + इन्द्रः-दीर्घ सन्धि
(घ) विद्यार्थी = विद्या + अर्थी-दीर्घ सन्धि

(ब) चित्राणि दृष्ट्वा नामानि लिखत (चित्रों को देखकर नाम लिखो)

उत्तर:
(क) हलम् (हल)
(ख) मयूरः (मोर)
(ग) पत्रं (पत्ता)
(घ) ऊष्ट्रः (ऊँट)।

(स) अधोलिखितेषु (2) सङ्ख्याद्वयं संस्कृतशब्दे लिखत (निम्नलिखित में से दो संख्याओं को संस्कृत में लिखो)
(क) 6
(ख) 8
(ग) 9
उत्तर:
(क) षट्
(ख) अष्ट
(ग) नव।

Class 6 Sanskrit Question Paper प्रश्न 9.
अधोलिखितपदैः पत्रं पूरयत (निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से पत्र को पूरा करो)
(शक्नोमि, कार्यम्, अवकाश, अद्य, अहम)
सेवायाम्,
श्रीमान् प्रधानाचार्य महोदयः
शासकीय माध्यमिक विद्यालयः
मनासानगरम्
महोदय!,
निवेदनम् अस्ति यत् मम गृहे………………. आवश्यक ……….. अस्ति। अतः …………..”विद्यालयम् आगन्तुं न ……………। अतः एक दिवसस्य ………….. स्वीकरोतु।
दिनाङ्कः 12.11.20…….

भवतः आज्ञाकारी शिष्यः
अनूपः
कक्षा-षष्ठी

उत्तर:
अद्य, कार्यम्, अहम्,  शक्नोमि, अवकाश।

Class 6 MP Board Sanskrit प्रश्न 10.
अधोलिखितपदसाहाय्येन चित्रं दृष्ट्वा पञ्चवाक्यानि लिखत (निम्नलिखित शब्दों की सहायता से चित्र देखकर पाँच वाक्य लिखो)
(विद्यालयः, वृक्षः, पठति, क्रीडाङ्गणम्, क्रीडति)

उत्तर:

1. अस्मिन् चित्रे एक: आदर्श: विद्यालयः अस्ति।
2. विद्यालयस्य भवनस्य पृष्ठभागे एकः सुन्दरः वृक्षः अस्ति।
3. विद्यालये एक विशालं क्रीडाङ्गणम् अस्ति।
4. अस्मिन् चित्रे एकः छात्रः विद्यालयात् पठित्वा स्वगृहम् गच्छति।
5. सः सहचरैः सह अस्मिन् विद्यालये पठति क्रीडाङ्गणे च क्रीडति।

अथवा

तालिकां दृष्ट्वा पञ्चवाक्यानि रचयत (तालिका देखकर पाँच वाक्य बनाओ)

उत्तर:

1. सः शिक्षकः पाठयति।
2. तत् वाहनम् चलति।
3. तौ छात्रौ पठतः।
4. सा महिला भ्रमति।
5. तानि व्यजनानि खादति।

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Polynomials Ex 2.5

Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.5 MP Board Question 1.
Use suitable identities to find the following products:

1. (x + 4) (x + 10)
2. (x + 8) (x – 10)
3. (3x + 4) (3x – 5)
4. (y² + \(\frac{3}{2}\)) (y² – \(\frac{3}{2}\))
5. (3 – 2x) (3 + 2x)

Solution:
1. (x + 4)(x + 10)
= (x)² + (4 + 10)x + 4 x 10
= x² + 14x + 40

2. (x + 8) (x – 10)
= (x)² + (8 – 10) x + 8 x – 10
= x² – 2x – 80

3. (3x + 4) (3x – 5)
= (3x)² + (4 – 5) (3x) + 4 x (-5)
= 9x² – 3x – 20

4. (y² + \(\frac{3}{2}\)) (y² – \(\frac{3}{2}\))
= (y²)² + (\(\frac{3}{2}\) – \(\frac{3}{2}\))y + \(\frac{3}{2}\) x \(\frac{-3}{2}\)
= y⁴ – \(\frac{9}{4}\)

5. (3 – 2x) (3 + 2x)
= (3)² – (2x)²
= 9 – 4x²

‘Expanding Binomial Calculator‘ is an online tool that helps to calculate the expansion of the given binomial term.

Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.5 MP Board Question 2.
Evaluate the following products without multiplying directly:

1. 103 x 107
2. 95 x 96
3. 104 x 96

Solution:
1. 103 x 107
= (100 + 3) (100 + 7)
= (100)² + (3 + 7) x 100 + 3 x 7
[Using identity (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab]
= 10000 + 1000 + 21
= 11021

2. 95 x 96
= (100 – 5) (100 – 4)
[Using identity (a – b)² = a² + b² – 2ab]
= (100)² + (- 5 – 4) x 100 + (- 5) x (- 4)
= 10000 – 900 + 20
= 9120

3. 104 x 96
= (100 + 4) (100 – 4)
= (100)² – (4)²
[Using identity (a + b) (a – b) – a² – b²]
= 10000 – 16
= 9984

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions Question 3.
Factorize the following using appropriate identities:

1. 9x² + 6xy + y²
2. 4y² – 4y + 1
3. x² – \(\frac{y^{2}}{100}\)

Solution:
1. 9x² + 6xy + y²
= 9x² + 6xy + y²
= (3x)² + 2 x 3x × y + (y)²
= (3x + y)²
= (3x + y) (3x + y)

2. 4y² – 4y + 1
= (2y)² – 2 x 2y x 1 + (1)²
= (2y – 1)²
= (2y – 1) (2y – 1)

3. x² – \(\frac{y^{2}}{100}\)
= (x)² – (\(\frac{y^{2}}{10}\))
= (x + \(\frac{y}{10}\))(x – \(\frac{y}{10}\))

MP Board Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 Question 4.
Expand each of the following using suitable identities:

1. (x + 2y + 4z)²
2. (2x – y + z)²
3. (- 2x + 3y + 2z)²
4. (3a – 7b – c)²
5. (- 2 + 5y – 3z)²
6. (\(\frac{1}{4}\)a – \(\frac{1}{2}\)b + 1)

Solution:
1. (x + 2y + 4z)²
= (x)² + (2y)² + (4z)² + 2x(2y) + 2(2y)(4z) + 2 (4z)(x)
= x² + 4y² + 16z² + 4xy + 16yz + 8zx

2. (2x – y + z)v
= (2x)² + (-y)² + (z)² + 2(2x)(- y) + 2(- y)(z) + 2(z)(2x)
= 4x² + y² + z² – 4xy – 2yz + 4zx

3. (- 2x + 3y + 2z)²
= (-2x)² + (3y)² + (2z)² + 2(- 2x) (3y) + 2(3y)(2z) + 2 (2z) (- 2x)
= 4x² + 9y² + 4z² – 12xy + 12zy – 8zx

4. (3a – 7b – c)²
= (3a)² + (- 7b)² + (- c)² + 2(3a)(- 7b) + 2 (- 7b)(- c) + 2(- c)(3a)
= 9a² + 49b² + c² – 42ab + 14bc – 6ca

5. (-2x + 5y – 3z)2
= (-2x)² + (5y)² + (- 3z)² + 2(-2x)(5y) + 2(5y) (- 3z) + 2 (-3z) (- 2x)
= 4x² + 25y² + 9z² – 20xy – 30yz + 12zx

6. (\(\frac{1}{4}\)a – \(\frac{1}{2}\)b + 1)

Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.5 Question 5.
Factorize:

1. 4x² + 9y² + 16z² + 12xy – 24yz – 16 xz
2. 2x² +y² + 8z² – 2√2xy + 4√2yz – 8xz

Solution:
1. 4x² + 9y² + 16z² + 12xy – 24yz – 16xz
= (2x)² + (3y)² + (- 4z)² + 2(2x)(3y) + 2 (3y)(- 4z) + 2 (- 4z) (2x)
= (2x + 3y – 4z)²
= (2x + 3y – 4z) (2x + 3y – 4z)

2. 2x² + y² + 8z² – 2√2xy + 4√2 yz – 8xz
= (- √2 x)² + (y)² + (2√2z)² + 2x (-√2x) (y) + 2(y) (2√2z) + 2 (2√2z ) (-√2x ) = (-√2 x + y + 2√2z)²
= (-√2x + y + 2√2z) (-√2 x + y + 2√2 z)

Class 9 Maths Chapter 2 MP Board Question 6.
Write the following cubes in expanded form:

1. (2x + 1)³
2. (2a – 3b)³
3. (\(\frac{3}{2}\)x + 1)³
4. (x – \(\frac{2}{3}\)y)³

Solution:
1. (2x + 1)³ = (2x)³ + (1)³ + 3(2x)(1)(2x + 1)
= 8x³ + 1 + 6x(2x + 1)
= 8x³ + 1 + 12x³ + 6x

2. (2a – 3b)³ = (2a)³ – (3b)³ – 3(2a)(3b)(2a – 3b)
= 8a³ – 27b³ – 18ab(2a – 3b)
= 8a³ – 27b³ – 36a²b + 54ab²

3. (\(\frac{3}{2}\)x + 1)³

4. (x – \(\frac{2}{3}\)y)³

MP Board Class 9th Maths Chapter 2 Question 7.
Evaluate the following using suitable identities:

1. (99)³
2. (102)³
3. (998)³

Solution:
1. (99)³ = (100 – 1)³
= (100)³ – (1)³ – 3(100)(1)(100 – 1)
= 1000000 – 1 – 300 (100 – 1)
= 1000000 – 1 – 300 x 99
= 999999 – 29700 = 970299

2. (102)³ = (100 + 2)³
= (100)³ + (2)³ + 3 (100)(2)(100 + 2)
= 1000000 + 8 + 600 (100 + 2)
= 1000008 + 61200
= 1061208

3. (998)³ = (1000 – 2)³
= (1000)³ – (2)³ – 3(1000)(2)(1000 – 2)
= 1000000000 – 8 – 6000 x 998
= 994011992

MP Board Solution Class 9th Maths Question 8.
Factorize each of the following:

1. 8a³ + b³ + 12a²b + 6ab²
2. 8a³ – b³ – 12a²b + 6ab²
3. 27 – 125a³ – 135a + 225a²
4. 64a³ – 27b³ – 144a²b + 108ab²
5. 27p³ – \(\frac{1}{216}\) – \(\frac{9}{2}\)p² + \(\frac{1}{4}\)p

Solution:
1. 8a³ + b³ + 12a²b + 6ab²
= (2a)³ + (b)³ + 3(2a)(b)(2a + b)
= (2a + b)³
= (2a + b)(2a + b)(2a + b)

2. 8a³ – b³ – 12a²b + 6ab²
= (2a)³ – (b)³ – 3(2a)(b)(2a – b)
= (2a – b)³
= (2a – b) (2a – b) (2a – b)

3. 27 – 125a³ – 135a + 225a²
= (3)³ – (5a)³ – 3(3)(5a)(3 – 5a)
= (3 – 5a)³
= (3 – 5a)(3 – 5a)(3 – 5a)

4. 64a³ – 27b³ – 144a²b + 108ab²
= (4a)³ – (3b)³ – 3(4a)(3b)(4a – 3b)
= (4a – 3b)³
= (4a – 3b)(4a – 3b)(4a – 3b)

5. 27p³ – \(\frac{1}{216}\) – \(\frac{9}{2}\)p² + \(\frac{1}{4}\)p

9th Class Maths Exercise 2.5 Question 9.
Verify:

1. x³ + y³ = (x + y) (x² – xy + y²)
2. x³ – y = (x – y) (x² + xy + y²)

Solution:
1. x³ + y³ = (x + y) (x² – xy + y²)
RHS = (x + y) (x² – xy + y²)
= x(x² – xy + y²) + y(x² – xy + y²)
= x² – x²y + xy² + x²y – xy² + y³
= x³ + y² = LHS

2. x³ – y³ = (x – y)(x² + xy + y²)
RHS = (x – y) (x² + xy + y²)
= x(x² + xy + y²) – y(x² + xy + y²)
= x³ + x²y + xy² – x²y – xy² – y³
= x³ – y³ = LHS .

MP Board 9th Maths Solutions Question 10.
Factorize each of the following:

1. 27y³ + 125z³
2. 64m³ – 343n²

Solution:
1. 21y³ + 125z³ = (3y)³ + (5z)³
= (3y + 5z) [(3y)² – (3y)(5z) + (5z)²]
= (3y + 5z) (9y² – 15yz + 25z²)

2. 64m³ – 343n³ = (4m)³ – (7n)³
= (4m – 7n) [(4m)² + (4m)(7n) + (7n)²]
= (4m – In) (16m² + 28mn + 49n²)

Class 9th Chapter 2.5 Question 11.
Factorize: 27x³ + y³ + z³ – 9xyz
Solution:
27x³ + y³ + z³ – 9xyz
= (3x)³ + (y)³ + (z)³ – 3 x 3x × y x z
= (3x + y + z) {(3x)² + (y)² + (z)² – 3xy – yz – 3xz}
= (3x + y + z) (9x² + y² + z² – 3xy – yz – 3xz)

9th Class Maths 2.5 Question 12.
Verify that x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + z)[(x-y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2]
Solution:
x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + z) [(x – y)² + (y – z)² (z – x)²]
RHS = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + z) [(x – y)² + (y – z)² + (z – x)²]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + 2) [(x² + 2xy + y²) + (y² – 2yz + z²) + (z² – 2zx + x²)]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + z) [2x² + 2y² + 2z² – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (x + y + z) x 2(x² + y² + z² – xy – yz – zx)
= x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = LHS

9th Class Math Exercise 2.5 Question 13.
If x + y + z = 0, show that x³ + y³ + z³ = 3xyz
Solution:
We know x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz
= (x + y + z) (x² + y² + z² – xy – yz – xz)
= x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz
= 0 x (x² + y² + z² – xy – yz – xz) (∴ x + y + z = 0)
x³ + y³ + z³ – 3xyz = 0
x³ + y³ + z³ = 3xyz

Class 9 Maths 2.5 In Hindi Question 14.
Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of each of the following:

1. (-12)³ + (7)³ + (5)³
2. (28)³ + (-15)³ ÷ (-13)³

Solution:
1. (-12)³ + (7)³ + (5)³
a + b + c = – 12 + 7 + 5
= – 12 + 12 = 0
(- 12)³ + (7)³ + (5)³
= 3 (- 12) (7) (5) = – 1260

2. (28)³ + (- 15)³ + (- 13)³
a + b + c = 28 + (- 15) + (- 13)
= 28 – 28 = 0
∴ (28)³ + (-15)³ + (- 13)³
= 3(28) (- 15) (- 13) = 16380

Class 9th Maths Chapter No 2 Exercise 2.5 Question 15.
Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of each of the following rectangles, in which their areas are given:

1. Area: 25a² – 35a + 12 …..(i)
2. Area: 35y² + 13y – 12 …..(ii)

Solution:
1. A = 25a² – 35a + 12
= 25a² – 20a – 15a + 12
= 5a (5a – 4) – 3 (5a – 4)
= (5a – 4) (5a – 3)
Length = (5a – 4) and breadth = 5a – 3

2. A = 35y² + 13y – 12
= 35y² + 28y – 15y – 12
= 7y (5y + 4) – 3 (5y + 4)
= (7y – 3) (5y + 4)
Length = (7y – 3) and breadth = (5y + 4)

Note: In the above questions out of the two factors, any one factor can be taken as length and the other factor will be breadth.

Exercise 2.5 Class 9 Question 16.
What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids, whose volumes are given below:

1. Volume: 3x² – 12x …(i)
2. Volume: 12ky² + 8ky – 20k …(ii)

Solution:
1. V = 3x² – 12x
= 3x (x – 4) = 3 × x × (x – 4)
l = 3
b = x
h = (x – 4)

2. V = 12ky² + 8ky – 20k
= 4k (3y² + 2y – 5)
= 4k (3y² + 5y – 3y – 5)
= 4k [y (3y + 5) – 1 (3y + 5)]
= 4k (3y + 5) (y – 1)
l = 4 k
b = (3y + 5)
h = (y – 1)

MP Board Class 9th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 13 सीधा और प्रतिलोम समानुपात Ex 13.2

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित में से कौन प्रतिलोम अनुपात में हैं?

1. किसी कार्य पर लगे व्यक्तियों की संख्या और उस कार्य को पूरा करने में लगा समय।
2. एक समान चाल से किसी यात्रा में लिया गया समय और दूरी।
3. खेती की गई भूमि का क्षेत्रफल और काटी गई फसल।
4. एक निश्चित यात्रा में लिया गया समय और वाहन की चाल।
5. किसी देश की जनसंख्या और प्रति व्यक्ति भूमि का क्षेत्रफल।

उत्तर:

1. प्रतिलोम अनुपात
2. अनुक्रमानुपाती
3. अनुक्रमानुपाती
4. प्रतिलोम अनुपात
5. प्रतिलोम अनुपात।

प्रश्न 2.
एक टेलीविजन गेम शो (game show) में ₹ 1,00,000 की पुरस्कार राशि विजेताओं में समान रूप से वितरित की जाती है। निम्नलिखित सारणी को पूरा कीजिए तथा ज्ञात कीजिए कि क्या एक व्यक्तिगत विजेता को दी जाने वाली पुरस्कार की धनराशि विजेताओं की संख्या के अनुक्रमानुपाती है या व्युत्क्रमानुपाती है?

हल:
स्पष्ट है कि विजेताओं की संख्या बढ़ने पर पुरस्कार की धनराशि कम हो जाएगी।
विजेताओं की संख्याओं के लिए धनराशि –

• 4 → ₹ 25,000
• 5 → ₹ 20,000
• 8 → ₹ 12,500
• 10 → ₹ 10,000
• 20 → ₹ 5,000

यहाँ, एक विजेता को दी गई धनराशि विजेताओं की संख्या के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती है।

प्रश्न 3.
रहमान तीलियों या डंडियों का प्रयोग करते हुए, एक पहिया बना रहा है। वह समान तीलियाँ इस प्रकार लगाना चाहता है कि किन्हीं भी क्रमागत तीलियों के युग्मों के बीच के कोण बराबर हैं।

निम्नलिखित सारणी को पूरा करके उसकी सहायता कीजिए –

1. क्या तीलियों की संख्या और क्रमागत तीलियों के किसी युग्म के बीच का कोण प्रतिलोम समानुपात में हैं?
2. 15 तीलियों वाले एक पहिए के क्रमागत तीलियों के किसी युग्म का कोण परिकलित कीजिए।
3. यदि क्रमागत तीलियों के प्रत्येक युग्म के बीच का कोण 40° है, तो आवश्यक तीलियों की संख्या कितनी होगी?

हल:
यहाँ यह स्पष्ट है कि तीलियों की संख्या अधिक होगी तो क्रमागत तीलियों के युग्मों के बीच कोण का माप कम होगी।
हम यहाँ यह भी देखते हैं कि –
4 x 90° = 6 x 60° = 360°
अतः यह प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 8 × x = 360°; ∴ x = \(\frac{360}{8}\) = 45°
और 10 x y = 360°; ∴ y = \(\frac{360}{10}\) = 36°
और 12 x 2 = 360°; ∴ 2 = \(\frac{360}{12}\) = 30°
अतः 8 → 45%, 10 → 36°, 12 → 30°

1. हाँ, तीलियों की संख्या और क्रमागत तीलियों के किसी युग्म के बीच का कोण प्रतिलोम समानुपात में हैं। उत्तर

2. माना कि 15 तीलियों वाले एक पहिए के क्रमागत तीलियों के किसी युग्म का कोण = x है।
15 × x = 4 x 90°
x = \(\frac{4×90°}{15}\) = 9
अतः अभीष्ट कोण = 24°

3. माना कि तीलियों की संख्या = y है।
y = 40° = 4 x 90°
y = \(\frac{4×90°}{40°}\) = 9
अतः आवश्यक तीलियों की संख्या = 9

प्रश्न 4.
यदि किसी डिब्बे की मिठाई को 24 बच्चों में बाँटा जाए, तो प्रत्येक बच्चे को 5 मिठाइयाँ मिलती हैं। यदि बच्चों की संख्या में 4 की कमी हो जाए, तो प्रत्येक बच्चे को कितनी मिठाइयाँ मिलेंगी?
हल:
क्योंकि बच्चों की संख्या में 4 की कमी हो जाती है, तो
बच्चों की संख्या = 24 – 4 = 20
माना कि अब प्रत्येक को x मिठाइयाँ मिलती हैं,
अब, सूचना को सारणी के रूप में रखने पर,

बच्चों की संख्या कम होने से बच्चों को अधिक मिठाइयाँ मिलेंगी।
अत: यह एक व्युत्क्रमानुपात की स्थिति हैं।
24 x 5 = 20 × x
x = \(\frac{24×5}{20}\) = 6
इसलिए, प्रत्येक बच्चे को 6 मिठाइयाँ मिलेंगी।

प्रश्न 5.
एक किसान की पशुशाला में 20 पशुओं के लिए 6 दिन का पर्याप्त भोजन है। यदि इस पशुशाला में 10 पशु और आ जाएँ, तो यह भोजन कितने दिन तक पर्याप्त रहेगा?
हल:
अब,पशुओं की संख्या = 20 + 10 = 30
मानाकि भोजन 30 पशुओं के दिन तक पर्याप्त रहेगा। हम निम्न सारणी प्राप्त करते हैं –

जितने पशु अधिक होंगे उतने ही कम समय में भोजन समाप्त हो जाएगा।
अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 20 x 6 = 30 x y
या y = \(\frac{20×6}{30}\) = 4 दिन
अतः भोजन 4 दिन तक पर्याप्त रहेगा।

प्रश्न 6.
एक ठेकेदार यह आकलन करता है कि जसमिंदर के घर में पुनः तार लगाने का कार्य 3 व्यक्ति 4 दिन में कर सकते हैं। यदि वह तीन के स्थान पर चार व्यक्तियों को इस काम पर लगाता है, तो यह कार्य कितने दिन में पूरा हो जाएगा?
हल:
व्यक्तियों की संख्या अधिक होने पर कार्य जल्दी समाप्त हो जाएगा।
माना कार्य x दिन में समाप्त हो जाएगा। अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
3 व्यक्ति : 4 व्यक्ति = x दिन : 4 दिन
x = \(\frac{3×4}{4}\) = 3 दिन
अतः कार्य 3 दिन में समाप्त हो जाएगा।

प्रश्न 7.
बोतलों के एक बैच (Batch) को 25 बक्सों में रखा जाता है, जबकि प्रत्येक बक्स में 12 बोतलें हैं। यदि इसी बैच की बोतलों को इस प्रकार रखा जाए कि प्रत्येक बक्स में 20 बोतलें हों, तो कितने बक्स भरे जाएँगे?
हल:
माना कि बक्स में 20 बोतलें रखने पर x बक्सों की आवश्यकता होती है, तब

प्रत्येक बक्स में बोतलों की संख्या अधिक रखने पर कम बक्सों की आवश्यकता होगी।
अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 25 x 12 =xx 20
x = \(\frac{25×12}{20}\)
= 15 बक्से
अतः 15 बक्से भरे जायेंगे।

प्रश्न 8.
एक फैक्ट्री को कछ वस्तएँ 63 दिन में बनाने के लिए 42 मशीनों की आवश्यकता होती है। उतनी ही वस्तुएँ 54 दिन में बनाने के लिए, कितनी मशीनों की आवश्यकता होगी?
हल:
मानाकि x मशीनों की आवश्यकता होती है। तब

दिनों की संख्या कम करने पर अधिक मशीनों की आवश्यकता होगी।
अतः यहाँ प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 42 x 63 = x x 54
या x = \(\frac{42×63}{54}\) = 49
अतः आवश्यक मशीनों की संख्या = 49

प्रश्न 9.
एक कार एक स्थान तक पहुँचने में 60 km/h की चाल से चलकर 2 घण्टे का समय लेती है। 80 km/h की चाल से उस कार को कितना समय लगेगा?
हल:
मानाकि कार को 80 km/h की चाल से चलने पर x घण्टे लगते हैं, तब

कार की चाल अधिक हो जाने पर उसे कम समय लगेगा।
अतः यह प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 60 x 2 = 80 × x
या x = \(\frac{60×2}{80}\)
x = \(\frac{3}{2}\)
= 3 घण्टे
अत: कार को 11 घण्टा लगेगा।

प्रश्न 10.
दो व्यक्ति एक घर में नई खिड़कियाँ 3 दिन में लगा सकते हैं।

1. कार्य प्रारम्भ होने से पहले, एक व्यक्ति बीमार पड़ जाता है। अब यह कार्य कितने दिन में पूरा हो पाएगा?
2. एक ही दिन में खिड़कियाँ लगवाने के लिए, कितने व्यक्तियों की आवश्यकता होगी?

हल:
1. माना कि खिड़कियाँ लगाने में x दिन लगते हैं, तब

व्यक्तियों की संख्या कम होने से खिड़कियाँ लगाने में अधिक दिन लगेंगे।
अतः यह प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 2 x 3 = 1 × x
x = \(\frac{2×3}{1}\)
= 6 दिन
अतः 1 व्यक्ति 6 दिन में कार्य पूरा करेगा।

2. माना कि 1 दिन में खिड़कियाँ लगाने के लिएx व्यक्तियों की आवश्यकता होगी, तब

दिनों की संख्या कम हो जाने से अधिक व्यक्तियों की आवश्यकता होगी।
अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 2 x 3 = x × 1
x = \(\frac{2×3}{1}\) = 6 व्यक्ति
अतः 1 दिन में खिड़कियाँ लगवाने के लिए आवश्यक व्यक्तियों की संख्या =6

प्रश्न 11.
किसी स्कूल में, 45 मिनट अवधि के 8 कालांश होते हैं। यह कल्पना करते हुए कि स्कूल का कार्य समय उतना ही रहता है, यदि स्कूल में बराबर अवधि के 9 कालांश हों, तो प्रत्येक कालांश कितने समय का होगा?
हल:
माना कि कालांश का समय x मिनट है, तब

कालांश अधिक हो जाने पर समय अवधि कम हो जाएगी।
अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
इसलिए 8 x 45 = 9 × x
x = \(\frac{8×45}{9}\) = 40 मिनट
अतः प्रत्येक कालांश का समय 40 मिनट होगा।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 223

इन्हें कीजिए (क्रमांक 13.5)

प्रश्न 1.
एक कागज की शीट लीजिए। उसे आकृति में दर्शाए अनुसार मोड़िए। प्रत्येक स्थिति में, भागों की संख्या तथा एक भाग का क्षेत्रफल लिखिए।

अपने प्रेक्षण की सारणी बनाइए और उसकी अपने मित्रों से चर्चा कीजिए। क्या यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है? क्यों?

हल:

• 4 → कागज के क्षेत्रफल का \(\frac{1}{4}\) भाग
• 8 → कागज के क्षेत्रफल का \(\frac{1}{8}\) भाग
• 16 → कागज के क्षेत्रफल का \(\frac{1}{16}\) भाग

यहाँ, 1 x 1 = 2 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 4 x 1 = 8 x \(\frac{1}{8}\)
= 16 x \(\frac{1}{16}\) = 1 (अचर)
अतः यहाँ एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है।
क्योंकि भागों की संख्या बढ़ने पर क्षेत्रफल में कमी हो जाती है।

प्रश्न 2.
वृत्तीय आधार वाले विभिन्न मापों के कुछ बर्तन लीजिए। प्रत्येक बर्तन में पानी की समान मात्रा भरिए। प्रत्येक बर्तन का व्यास और उस बर्तन में पानी किस ऊँचाई तक है उसे मापकर लिखिए। अपने प्रेक्षणों की एक सारणी बनाइए। क्या यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति है?

हल:
सारणी

माना कि इनके पानी का आयतन क्रमशः V₁, V₂ तथा V₃ हैं।
इसलिए, आयतन V₁ = π(\(\frac { d_{ 1 } }{ 2 } \))²h₁
V₂ = π(\(\frac { d_{ 2 } }{ 2 } \))²h₂
V₃ = π(\(\frac { d_{ 3 } }{ 2 } \))²h₃
परन्तु V₁ = V₂ = V₃ (पानी की मात्रा समान है)
इसलिए π(\(\frac { d_{ 1 } }{ 2 } \))²h₁ = π(\(\frac { d_{ 2 } }{ 2 } \))²h₂ = π(\(\frac { d_{ 3 } }{ 2 } \)) ²h₃
d₁²h₁ = d₂²h₂ = d₃²h₃
परन्तु d₁h₁ ≠ d₂h₂ ≠ d₃h₃
अतः यह एक प्रतिलोम समानुपात की स्थिति नहीं है।

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions