MP Board Class 12th Biology Solutions Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you think is significance of reproductive health in a society?
Answer:
Reproductive health means total well being in all aspects of reproduction i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural, social.

Awareness is provided to both males and females to lead healthy and satisfying reproductive life.
To make individuals aware of fertility regulating methods.
Protect against STD’s.
Planning children and family planning.
Proper hygiene of genitalia and treat for reproductive diseases.

Question 2.
Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
Answer:
Special attention needs to be given to the following aspect :

Introduction of sex education in a school that to help in eradicating myths and misconceptions regarding sex-related aspects.
Proper information about reproductive organs, safe and hygienic sexual practices, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex abuse and sex-related crimes etc.
Strong infrastructural facilities, professional expertise and material support to provide medical assistance and care to people in reproduction-related problems.
Educating people about available birth control options, care of pregnant mothers, post-natal care of mother and child, the importance of breastfeeding, equal opportunities for the male and female child.

Question 3.
Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is necessary for schools because:

It will provide correct information about sex and reproductive organs.
Changes during adolescence are fully explained.
Changes in behaviour are predicted.
Horns of early life and marriage are explained.
Cleanliness of genitalia are explained and misconceptions and myths are removed if any.
Information is provided about STD’s
Family planning and hygienic sexual practices are explained.

Question 4.
Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 year’s? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement
Answer:
Yes, Reproductive health in our country has improved in the last 50 years.

Some areas of improvement are:

Better awareness about sex-related matters.
Increased number of medically assisted deliveries and better post-natal care of child and mother leading to decreased maternal and infant mortality rates.
Increased number of couples with small families.
Better direction and cure of STDs and overall increased medical facilities for all sex-related problems.

Question 5.
What are the suggested reasons for the population explosion?
Answer:
The situation where the population exceeds productive capacity is known as population explosion. In nature, the number of resources is limited hence, if the population increases at the present rate and increasing beyond the limit, they (Resources) would get exhausted.
Reasons for population explosion: Following are the reasons for population explosion:

Increasing birth rate.
Decreasing death rate.
Higher rate of reproduction.
Medical services have brought down mortality due to fatal diseases and epidemics.
Lack of predator in the civilized world today, the only predator of man is the man himself.

Question 6.
Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, the use of contraceptives is justified because it helps to control the rapid growth of the human population. It will also help in preventing unwanted pregnancies and STDs. Contraceptive also helps in controlling the population growth rate.

Question 7.
Removal of gonads cannot be considered as contraceptive options? Why?
Answer:
Contraception is meant for preventing conceptions. But removal of gonads can lead to non-secretion of sex hormones. Virilism can appear in ladies and gents may have soft contour.

Question 8.
Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment
Answer:
Yes, the ban is necessary because amniocentesis is misused for determining the sex of the fetus and then aborting the child of it is a female. This process is illegal it causes harm to the fetus as well as the mother it can also disturb the sex ratio.

Question 9.
Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples.
Answer:
They are some Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) to assist infertile couples.
Some ARTs are:

Test tube baby / IVF-ET (Invitro fertilization and Embryo transfer): Ova and sperms are collected and fused (induced) to form a zygote in laboratory conditions and transferred into a fallopian tube (ZIFT – Zygote intrafallopian transfer) or Uterus (IUT – Intrauterine transfer). Here male/female / both may be donors.
GIFT – (Gamete intrafallopian transfer). A gamete is from a donor.
ICSI – (Intra Cytoplasmic sperm injection). Sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
AI (Artificial Insemination). Semen from husband ( AIH) or donor (AID) is injected directly into the vagina or uterus (IUI – Intrauterine insemination)

Question 10.
What are the measures one has to take to prevent contracting STDs?
Answer:
STDs can be prevented by the following methods :

Avoid sex with unknown partners/multiple partners.
Always use condoms during coitus.
Always contact a qualified doctor for any doubt in the early stage of infection and get complete treatment if diagnosed with the disease.

Question 11.
State True / False with an explanation.
(a) Abortion could happen spontaneously too.
Answer:
True

Due to lack of hormonal support.
Due to congenital malformation of the uterus.

(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce viable offsprings and is always due to abnormality/defect in female partners.
Answer:
False. Infertility may be due to male or female partners.

c) Complete location could help as a natural method of contraception.
Answer:
True. Effective for a period of 6 months due to the absence of menstruation.

(d) Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to improve the reproductive health of people.
Answer:
True. It can reduce STDs and help practice hygienic sexual practices.

Question 12.
Correct the following statements:
(a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
Answer:
It prevents the transportation of gametes, not their formation.

(b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
Answer:
Hepatitis-Band AIDS is not curable.

(c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among rural women.
Answer:
Oral pills are not popular among rural women. They require sex education.

(d) In E.T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
Answer:
In E.T. techniques 8-called blastomere is transferred into the fallopian tube. While more than 8-celled blastomere is transferred into the uterus.

Reproductive Health Other Important Questions and Answers

Reproductive Health Objective Type Questions

1. Choose the Correct Answer
Question 1.
Removal of Fallopian tube in females are called :
(a) Vasectomy
(b) Tubectomy
(c) Ovariectomy
(d) Castration (Gonadectomy).
Answer:
(b) Tubectomy

Question 2.
Main region ofthe population growth are :
(a) Less death rate
(b) Growth of birth rate
(c) Drought
(d) Less war.
Answer:
(a) Less death rate

Question 3.
The causes of popülatîon explosion in large cities is :
(a) Chances of education
(b) Available facilities
(c) Sources of income
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question 4.
Population density is more in :
(a) USA
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Japan.
Answer:
(c) China

Question 5.
AIDS disease caused by :
(a) From bacteria
(b) From protozoa
(c) From virus
(d) From fungus.
Answer:
(c) From virus

Question 6.
Sex transmitted diseases are caused by :
(a) Virus
(b) Bacteria
(c) Protozoa
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Virus

Question 7.
Population calculated in India :
(a) In 1891
(b) In 1947
(c) In 1950
(d) In 1961.
Answer:
(a) In 1891

Question 8.
The technique of the control of birth rate is called :
(a) TUD
(b) GIFT
(c) MIF
(d) IVEET.
Answer:
(a) TUD

Question 9.
Alcohol affected organ is :
(a) Liver
(b) Cerebrum
(c) Cerebellum
(d) Heart
Answer:
(a) Liver

Question 10.
Population growth rate of world is :
(a) 2-4%
(b) 2%
(c) 3%
(d) 4%.
Answer:
(b) 2%

2. Fill in the Blanks :

Statistical study of population is called ……………….
According to MALTHUS, Population grows ……………….whereas the means of its subsistences grows ……………….
The entry and exit of member in any population is called ……………….
Cutting and ligating ends of segments of vas deferens is called ……………….
The population density of terrestrial animals, the area is represented by ……………….
Birth rate and migration ………………. the population density.
Revised birth fate is always greater than ………………. birthrate.
Vital index = ………………. /Mortality x 100.
Population ………………. with time and place.
From the population point of view, every ………………. person in the world, is an Indian.

Answer:

1. Demography
2. Geometrically
3. Migration
4. Vasectomy
5. Meter2 (m2)
6. Growth
7. Unrevised
8. Natality
9. Changes
10. Sixth.

3. Match the Following :

MP Board Class 12th Biology Solutions Chapter 4 Reproductive Health 1
Answer:

(c)
(e)
(a)
(b)
(d).

MP Board Class 12th Biology Solutions Chapter 4 Reproductive Health 2
Answer:

(c)
(d)
(e)
(b)
(a).

III. Answer in One Word/Sentence:

Write two such causes by which unchecked growth takes place. (SSCE 1992)
Write the full name of IUCD. (SSCE 1992!)
What we called the study of human population?
What type of chemical contraceptive is found in Mala-D and N?

Answer:

Early marriage, illiteracy
Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices
Demography
Oestrogen and Progesteron hormone.

Reproductive Health Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the other name of family planning?
Answer:
The other name of family planning is “Parivar Kalyan”.

Question 2.
Where is Central Drug Research Institute located ?
Answer:
Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) is located in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).

Question 3.
Write one benefit of condom.
Answer:
Condom provided protection from Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).

Question 4.
What is the name of contraceptive pills which is taken only in once in a week ?
Answer:
“Saheli.”

Question 5.
Write the full form of IUCD.
Answer:
Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device.

Question 6.
Write the full form of STDs.
Answer:
Sexually Transmitted Disease.

Question 7.
What is the legal age for marriage of male and female in India ?
Answer:
For male 21 Year and for female 18 years.

Question 8.
Write the name of two STDs which are spread through infected blood.
Answer:
AIDS, Hepatitis-B.

Question 9.
Write the name of two disease which are caused by sexual contact
Answer:
Gonorrhoea, Syphilis.

Question 10.
Write the full form of HIV and AIDS.
Answer:
HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
AIDS : Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

Question 11.
Write the full form of ZIFT.
Answer:
Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer.

Question 12.
What is the process for surgical sterilization in males called ?
Answer:
Vasectomy.

Reproductive Health Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is test-tube baby ?
Answer:
In some cases, a woman is unable to have a normal fertilization to bear the child. In such cases, test-tube technique may be successful. In this technique, the unfertilized eggs of such woman is isolated in aseptic condition and fertilized it in test-tube by the sperms of her husband. The fertilized egg or blastocyst can be maintained in vitro till it gets 32 celled stage. It can be implanted in the uterus of the female. The female remains under the supervision of doctor till completion of gestation period of 280 days. The baby produced in such a way is called a test-tube baby.

Question 2.
What is GIFT ? Explain in brief.
Answer:
GIFT (Gametes Intra Fallopian Transfer): It is a latest technique to produce a child. In this technique, the gametes are kept separately in a catheter and injected directly into the fallopian tube of the woman using laproscopy. Thus, in this case, fertilization occurs inside the body of woman. Prior to injection of gametes, the mother would be given hormones for about a week to stimulate follicle formation. This causes development of several eggs i.e,, super ovulation. The first GIFT in India was done in Mumbai and twins were born in August, 1990.

Question 3.
Explain the following:

Tubectomy
Vasectomy.

Answer:

Tubectomy : The surgical removal of a segment of oviduct and then ligating the cut end is called tubectomy. It is applied in females to check the pregnancy.
Vasectomy : Surgical cutting and ligating ends of segments of vas deferens is called vasectomy.

Question 4.
What is amniocentesis ? Write its ill effects and two advantages.
Answer:
Amniocentesis : It is prenatal diagnostic technique in which amniotic fluid of uterus is isolated by a surgical needle and foetus cells are cultured on a culture medium and chromosomes are examined. This technique is used to understand the following things or Advantages :

Chromosomal abnormalities like that of Down’s syndrome, Philadelphia syndrome and Edward’s syndrome.
Metabolic disorders like that of PKV, Cretinism, Alkaptonuria, etc.
Sex of the embryo can be examined by this technique.
Effects of amniocentesis: Due to this type of test, the female embryos are being eradicated. This leads into the
decrease in number of females which may cause a serious problem.

Question 5.
Explain the social causes of human population growth.
Answer:
Social causes of human population growth rate are:

Illiteracy in society.
Low level of society.
Various orthodox tradition like son leads to progeny.
Social barriers.
Early child marriage presuming that after mid-age marriage reproductive capacity degenerates.
Social backwardness.
Social set-up that “Putra Ratan se Moksh milta hai”.