Class 7

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 33 Africa: Economic Development

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 33 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
The total % of cultivable land in Africa is:
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c.) 30%
(d) 40%
Answer:
(a) 10%

Question 2.
Agriculture has developed the most in the area of:
(a) Sahara desert
(b) Nile Valley
(c) Central Africa
(d) S. Africa
Answer:
(b) Nile Valley

Question 3.
Africa produces 90% of the world’s:
(a) Groundnuts
(b) Coco
(c) Cloves
(d) Tea
Answer:
(c) Cloves

Question 4.
The length of the cap e-Cairo Railways is:
(a) 5620 km
(b) 4530 km
(c) 6710 km
(d) 8800 km
Answer:
(d) 8800 km

Fill in the blanks:

1. ……………. per cent of the world’s diamonds are mined in Africa
2. …………… is the major producer of cotton in Africa.
3. The world’s famous sea route is the ………….. canal.
4. The ……………. is the capital of Zimbabwe.
5. The total population of Africa is approximately ……………. crores.

Answer:

1. 50%
2. Egypt
3. Suez
4. Harare
5. 54

Match the Columns:

Answer:
1. (c) Major food crop
2. (d) South Africa
3. (e) Desert
4. (a) Tribe
5. (b) Railway

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 33 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which type of cotton is produced in Africa?
Answer:
Fibrous cotton is produced in Africa.

Question 2.
Write the name of two important minerals of Africa?
Answer:
Diamond and Gold.

Question 3.
Name the important items of Africa’s import and export.
Answer:
Items of import:
Cotton, woolen and silk clothes, sugar, cement, medicines, chemicals, machines, railway goods, paper, etc. Items of export: Gold, diamond, machinery, food items, coffee, oil-seeds, natural gas, oil, pulses, i coco, petroleum, etc.

Question 4.
To which areas do the Bushman, Tureg and Pygmy tribe belong?
Answer:

1. Tribe            The area to which they belong
2. Bushman     The Kalahari desert
3. Tureg           The Sahara desert
4. Pygmy         Forest of Central Africa

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 33 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the areas of cultivation of the major crops of Africa.
Answer:
In Africa only 10% of the soil is suitable for agriculture. The major crops grown in Africa are:
1. Wheat and Barley:
Mainly cultivated in Egypt Algeria and Morocco.

2. Maize:
It is cultivated mainly in Belgium, Congo, Angola, Kenya and Morocco.

3. Cotton:
Five per cent of cotton in the world is produced by Africa. Egypt is the largest producer of cotton in Africa Kenya, Uganda and Nigeria are the other major cotton producer countries.

4. Groundnuts:
Africa produces 22% of the groundnuts in the world. Major producing countries are Niger, Sudan and Nigeria

5. Coco:
World’s total 50% of the coco is produced in Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda.

6. Rice:
Major producers of rice are Malagasy, Senegal and Nigeria

7. Cloves:
Zanzibar and Pemba islands produce 90% of cloves in the world.

Question 2.
Describe the industrial development of Africa.
Answer:
Africa is mostly covered by plateaus and deep forests due to which the means of transport is not well developed. It is the main cause which has hampered the industrial progress. The important agriculture-based industries are wine, sugar, cotton clothes, cigarettes and extractions of olive oil, etc.

The leather and woolen industries have also progressed due to cattle and sheep rearing. The large industries have flourished in mostly South Africa and Egypt where iron and steel, cement, garments and utensils are manufactured. Pretoria, Johanseburg, Durban, Cairo, Alexandria are the main centers of industries.

Question 3.
Write about the mineral resources of Africa.
Answer:
Africa is very rich in several valuable minerals. It is the leading diamond producer 50% of the diamonds in the world is mined here. Major producers are Zaire, Botswana and South Africa. Africa produces more than 50% of the gold in the world.

Major producing countries are South Africa, Central African Republic, Southern Rhodesia and Ghana. Copper is produced in Congo, Zambia and South Africa. Manganese is found in Ghana and South Africa. Iron is found in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia Apart from these minerals, several other minerals like uranium, tin, lead, chromium etc. are also found in Africa.

Map work:
Make the following in the map of Africa.

1. Nile Valley
2. Zanzibar and Pemba Islands
3. Suez route
4. Diamond mining area
5. South Africa
6. Cape – Cairo Railway

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 Rational Numbers Ex 9.2

Question 1.
Find the sum:

Solution:

Question 2
Find

Solution:

Question 3.
Find the product

Solution:

Question 4.

Solution:

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 3

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
The Third Battle of Panipat was fought between:
(a) The Marathas and Ahmedshah Abdali
(b) Aurangzeb and the Turks
(c) The Sikhs and Ahmedshah Abdali
(d) The Sikhs and the Marathas
Answer:
(a) The Marathas and Ahmedshah Abdali

Question 2.
During the reign of Akbar the Mughal Empire was divided into:
(a) 20 subas
(b) 22 subas
(c) 18 subas
(d) 11 subas
Answer:
(c) 18 subas

Question 3.
The major tribe of Andhra Pradesh is:
(a) Kahar
(b) Chenchus
(c) Bhil
(d) Saharia
Answer:
(b) Chenchus

Question 4.
The world Conference on Human Right was held in Vienna in the year:
(a) 1997
(b) 1991
(c) 1993
(d) 2001
Answer:
(c) 1993

Fill in the blanks:

1. Europe is the ……………… largest continent in the world.
2. The density of population is …………….. in Africa.
3. …………… was die founder of Sikhism
4. Jamia in Chhindwara district is a ……………. tourist place.
5. There is a Chief Justice and ……………. Justices in the Supreme Court of India.

Answer:

1. second
2. low
3. Guru-Nanak
4. tribal
5. 25.

Match the columns:

Answer:
1. (b) Sparse population
2. (a) Desert
3. (d) Sursagar
4. (e) Buland Darwaza
5. (c) Toda tribe

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the continent of Asia.
Answer:

• Latitudinal extent – 10’s and 80’N.
• Longitudinal extent – 25’E and 170’W.

Question 2.
Write the main features of the continent of Europe.
Answer:

• The continent of Europe is centrally situated between the continents of Africa, Asia, North America and South America and connected with sea route.
• Most part of Europe lies in the temperate zone. The climate here is favorable throughout the year.
• The sea coasts are very long and uneven which is favorable for the ships to reach the harbors.

Question 3.
Write about the climatic features of the continent of Africa.
Answer:
Africa is avast continent from North to South extending between 37° 14’N to 34°50’S latitude. The major part lies within die tropical zone. There are marked variations in the distribution of rainfall. For example near the equator, rainfalls all the year round, but in the Sahara desert it does not fall at all.

Near the Equator there is only one season, the hot wet summer but in the northern and the southern parts of Africa climate varies. There are regions in the South Africa where rain occurs in the winter. There are regions where rain occurs only in summers.

Question 4.
Between whom was the treaty of Purander signed?
Answer:
The treaty of Purander was signed between the Mughal and Shivaji.

Question 5.
Write any three rights of Child.
Answer:
Three rights of child

• Right to live.
• Right to education.
• Right to protect against exploitation.

Question 6.
Describe the main crops cultivated in Africa.
Answer:
The main crops cultivated in Africa are wheat, barley, maize, cotton, groundnuts, coco, rice, cloves, etc.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Miscellaneous Questions 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the physical division of the continent of Asia.
Answer:
physical divisions:
1. The North Lowlands:
It is a vast plain which extends between the Ural Mountains in die west, Lena river in the east and the Central Mountains in the south, known as the ‘Siberian Plain’, it is drained by rivers like Ob, Yenisei and Lena Lake Baikal, die deepest lake of die world is located in Siberia.

2. The Central Mountains:
The folded mountains and plateaus lie in the south of the northern lowlands. The Pamir plateau is a meeting place of several ranges, which form the Pamir knot This plateau is known as die ‘Roof of the World’, because it is the highest plateau in the world. The Tibetan plateau lies to the east of the Pamir plateau. Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges of the world. Mount Everest is situated in the Himalayas.

3. The Southern Plateaus:
To the south of the central mountain belt, there’ are some plateau which form the major part of the peninsula projecting southwards from the mainland of Asia. These plateaus are the plateau of Arabia, the Deccan plateau and the plateau of Yunnan.

4. The Great River Valleys:
To the east and south of Asia are found riverineplains. In the south are the Sindhu, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains, in the southeast are the plains formed by rivers Irrawady, Salvin, Yang-Tse-Kiang, Sikiang, Minang- Mekong and Amursar.

5. The Island Groups:
Some groups of islands are situated to the south-east and east of the continent of Asia. There are three major island groups-Indonesia, Philippines and Japan.

Question 2.
Write the important Human Rights.
Answer:
Human Rights are those rights which every human being must enjoy. These Rights make it possible for us to lead a good social life. The United Nations Organisation promoted worldwide respect to these Rights and basic freedom and its implementation without any discrimination of caste, sex, language orreligion. The Economic and Social Council of die UNO established the Human Rights Commission in its first session in Feb. 1946.

This Commission after long deliberations put up a draft for the world wide declaration of Human Rights in 1948 which was approved by die General Assembly of the UNO. In the world wide declaration of Human Rights, the civic and die political freedom have been mentioned.

It also includes the economic, social and cultural Rights, The Human Rights are considered to be the most important documents of the world. These rights form the foundation of the society. These Rights are also used to strengthen the feeling of brotherhood.

Question 3.
Describe the physical division of Europe.
Answer:
Europe has been divided into four physical divisions:

1. The North western Highlands
2. The Great European Plains
3. The Central Plateaus
4. The Southern Alpine Mountains

1. The North Western Highlands:
In the North western part of Europe there are mountains and plateaus. Their extent is more in the countries like Norway and Sweden. The coast line of Norway is indented, ragged, long and narrow and the deep arms of the sea between high cliffs penetrate into the land. Here the land is not fit for cultivation. Hence population is very thin.

2. The Great Europe Piains:
They are spread from France at the Atlantic coast to the European part of Russia at Ural Mountains. They are widest in Russia and go on narrowing towards the west It extends from the white sea in the north to the Southern plateaus and mountain in the south. There plains are very fertile. The important rivers are Volga, Danube, Seine, the Rhine, the Alvin, the Order etc.

3. The Central Plateau:
A series of mountains and plateaus are spread to the Southern part of the European plains. They are notoriety high. It is not fit for agriculture.

4. The Southern Alpine Mountains:
To die south of the old mountains live a chain of young and high mountain. These mountains extend from Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Caspian Sea in the east The most important among them is die Alps Mountain. Mount Blanca is the highest peak of the Alps.

Question 4.
Explain the important features of Shivaji’s administration.
Answer:
Shivaji was not only a great general but also a good administrator of top order. Shivaji’s administration was of high order which inspired by ideals of public welfare. Though Shivaji was all in all, in all matters, he kept a committee of 8 persons to advise him on the affairs of the state. This committee came to be known as Ashta Pradhan. This was file main feature of Shivaji’s administration.

The main source of income was the tax on the land which amounted to two – fifths of file land produce. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were also levied on those living outside Maratha kingdom. Chauth was one fourth of the tax which farmers paid such kingdoms by their peasants. Sardeshmukhi was over and above this tax. It was one tenth of the total revenue, from which these taxes were collected, remained free from the Maratha looting’s and attacks.

For the smooth and efficient administration, Shivaji divided his kingdom into a number of provinces known as prants, and each prant into districts and parganas. In this way Shivaji proved himself as an able administrator.

Question 5.
How far is right to blame Aurangzeb for the decline of the Mughal Empire? Justify.
Answer:
Aurangzeb’s responsibility for the decline of the Mughal Empire can be stated as under:

• His fanatic religious policy sowed the seeds of the Mughal’s decline.
• His Deccan policy wanted not only his energy, but was responsible in emptying his treasury as well.
• Aurangzeb’s was responsible for annoying flie Rajputs who had become die Mughal friends during the reign of Akbar.
• Aurangzeb policy towards the Sikhs made the latter his enemies.
• He himself was man of suspicious nature. He would set his detectives after the officers appointed by Jahangir himself.

Question 6.
Describe the social situation during the Mughal Empire.
Answer:

The Mughal Emperors were great lovers of architecture. The buildings of this period reflect the fusion of Hindu – Muslim – style of architecture. The tomb of Humayun is an excellent piece of architecture. Akbar built the city of Fatehpur Sikri in which besides Buland Darwaza many beautiful buildings were also constructed. Noorjahan built the tomb of her father Itmad – ud – daulah that was decorated wife precious gems.

The Tajmahal built by Shahjahan in fee memory of his Begun Mumtaz is fee best example of architecture of Mughal period. It has been included in fee World Heritage Site. Shahjahan also built – Jama Masjid at Delhi and Agra, The Red Fort of Delhi, Shish Mahal etc. The Moti Masjid was built by Aurangzeb. Thus we can find magnificent buildings during fee Mughal period.

Question 7.
Write a short note on Public Interest Litigation.
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a mechanism devised by the Supreme Court of India in the early 1980s to increase access to justice. Under this mechanism any individual or organisation is allowed to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights are being violated.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.4

Question 1.
Construct ∆ABC, given m ∠A = 60°, m ∠B = 30° and AB = 5.8 cm.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment AB if 5.8 cm length.
2: Draw ∠BAX = 60°.
3. Draw ∠ABY = 30°.
4. Let AX and BY intersect at A.
Then, ABC is the required triangle.

Question 2.
Construct ∆PQR if PQ = 5 cm, m ∠PQR = 105° m ∠QRP = 40°.
Solution:

Here, ∠Q, ∠R and the side PQ are given. But to draw. We know that,
∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180° (∵ Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°)
or ∠P + 105° + 40° = 180°
or ∠P = 180° – 145° = 35°
Thus, we have PQ = 5 cm,
∠P = 35° and ∠Q = 105°.
Steps of Construction :
1. Draw a line segment PQ if 5 cm length.
2: Draw ∠QPX = 35°.
3. Draw ∠PQY = 105°.
4. Let PX and QY intersect at R.
Then, PQR is the required triangle.

Question 3.
Examine whether you can construct ∆DEF such that EF = 7.2 cm, m ∠E = 110° and m ∠F = 80°. Justify your answer.
Solution:
Given, m∠E = 110° and m∠F = 80°
Since, m ∠E + m∠E = 110° + 80° = 190° > 180°
Thus, the ∆DEF cannot be drawn.

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 32 The Continent of Africa: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Text Book Questions

Fill in the blanks:

1. There are about …………… countries in Africa.
2. …………….. Canal separates Africa from die Asian continent.
3. ……………… Straits separates Africa from Europe.
4. Africa is the …………… largest continent of die world.

Answer:

1. 53
2. Suez
3. Gibraltar
4. second

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the names of any three rivers of Africa.
Answer:
The Nile, the Congo and the Niger.

Question 2.
Write the name of the major desert of Africa.
Answer:
The Sahara desert.

Question 3.
Which type of climate is found in the equatorial region of Africa?
Answer:
Very hot climate is found in the equatorial region of Africa.

Question 4.
What do you understand by Savannas and Veld?
Answer:
Savanna:
The region of Africa is covered with tall and coarse grasses. They are known as Savanna. Veld – Temperate grasslands are found in South Africa. It is known as Veld.

Question 5.
Name the Continents and Oceans surroundings Africa.
Answer:
The continents surrounding Africa:

• Europe in the north
• Asia in the northeast

The Oceans surrounding Africa:

• The Indian Ocean in the east
• The Atlantic Ocean in the west

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the physical features of Africa.
Answer:
The continent of Africa consists of several plateaus which are relatively higher in the southeastern part. This continent is made up of the oldest hard rocks. Narrow plains are found in the coastal parts. A few volcanic mountain peaks rise above the plateau in the eastern part near the equator. The high est-peak Kilimanjaro is located in this highland region. It remains snow covered throughout the year. To its northwest lies the Atlas mountain range.

The Drakensberg range lies to the southeast of Africa. The Hogar Mountain and the Tibesti plateau lie in the Sahara desert. To the west of the continent lies the Adavama plateau which exists between the Congo and the Niger rivers. Its highest peak is Cameroon. Abyssinia plateau is situated in the northeast of the continent.

The major physical feature of the continent of Africa is its rift valleys and waterfalls. The main lakes of the rift valleys are Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa and Albert Among the major deserts of Africa are the Sahara desert and the Kalahari desert The major rivers are the Nile, the Congo, the Niger, the Zambezi and the Senegal.

Question 2.
Describe the climate and vegetation of Africa.
Answer:
Climate:
Africa is avast continent from north:
south extending between 37° 14’ N to 34°50’ S latitude. The major part lies within the tropical zone. In fact it is the most tropical of all the continents. There are marked variations in the distribution of rainfall. For example, near the equator, rain falls all the year round, but in die Sahara desert it does not fall at all. Near the Equator there is only one season,’ the hot wet summer but in the northern and the southern parts of Africa climate varies.

There are regions in the South Africa where rain occurs in the winter. There are regions where rain occurs only in summers. Vegetation of Africa – The rainfall is uneven in Africa. The belt lying along the equator on both has hot and wet climate. It rains almost daily and there is only one season – the hot wet summer season. Due to abundance of heat and moisture most of die region is covered with thick forest which is known as the tropical rain forest.

Question 3.
Describe the Savanna grasslands and the wild life of Africa.
Answer:
The Savanna grasslands Savanna is die tropical grass land in Africa having tall and coarse grasses. These are also known as the ‘elephant grass’.

The wild life:
Africa is a center of variety of birds and animals monkey, boons, snakes, chameleon, lizards and butterflies are the animals which live on trees. The animals living on land are elephant, rhinoceros, zebra, bison, wild boar etc. Ostriches are found in the Kalahari desert Crocodiles, hippopotamus, alligators are some of the important water animals. One can also find a variety of fishes there.

Map work:
Mark the following in the map of Africa.

1. Mt Kilimanjaro
2. Drakensberg
3. Sahara desert
4. Congo and Niger river
5. Lake Rudolf
6. The rift valley
7. Victoria waterfall
8. Kalahari desert
9. Savanna grasslands
10. Veld

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.5

Question 1.
Construct the right angled ∆PQR, where m ∠Q = 90°, QR = 8 cm and PR 10 cm.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment QR = 8 cm.
2. Draw ∠RQX = 90°.
3. .With centre R and radius 10 cm (= PR = Hypotenuse), draw an arc to intersect ray QX at P.
4. Join PR.
Then, PQR is the required right angled triangle.

Question 2.
Construct a right-angled triangle whose hypotenuse is 6 cm long and one of the legs is 4 cm long.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment QR of length 4 cm.
2. Draw ∠QRX = 90°.
3. With Q as centre and radius 6 cm (= hypotenuse) draw an arc intersecting QX at P.
4. Join PQ.
Then, PQR is the required right-angled triangle.

Question 3.
Construct an isosceles right-angled triangle ABC, where m ∠ACB = 90° and AC = 6 cm.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :

1. Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
2. At C, draw an angle BCX = 90°
3. From ray CX, cut off CA = 6 cm.
4. Join AB.
Then, ABC is the required an isosceles right-angled triangle.

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Algebraic Expressions Ex 12.1

Question 1.
Get the algebraic expressions in the following cases using variables, constants and arithmetic operations.
(i) Subtraction of z from y.
(ii) One-half of the sum of numbers x and y.
(iii) The number z multiplied by itself.
(iv) One-fourth of the product of numbers p and Q.
(v) Numbers x and y both squared and added.
(vi) Number 5 added to three times the product of numbers m and n.
(vii) Product of numbers y and z subtracted from 10.
(viii) Sum of numbers a and b subtracted from their product.
Solution:
(i) y – z
(ii) \(\frac{1}{2}\)(x + y)
(iii) z²
(iv) \(\frac{1}{4}\)(pq)
(v) x² + y²
(vi) 5 + 3 (mn)
(viii) ab – (a + b)

Question 2.
(i) Identify the terms and their factors in the following expressions. Show the terms and factors by tree diagrams.
(a) x – 3
(b) 1 + x + x²
(c) y – y³
(d) 5xy² + 7x²y
(e) -ab + 2b² – 3a²

(ii) Identify terms and factors in the expressions given below:
(a) -4x + 5
(b) -4x + 5y
(c) 5y + 3y²
(d) xy + 2x²y²
(e) pq + q
(f) 1.2ab – 2.4b + 3.6a
(g) \(\frac{3}{4}\)x + \(\frac{1}{4}\)
(h) 0.1p² + 0.2q²
Solution:
(i)

Question 3.
Identify the numerical coefficients of terms (other than constants) in the following expressions:
(i) 5 – 3t²
(ii) 1 + t + t² + t³
(iii) x + 2xy + 3y
(iv) 100m + 1000n
(v) -p²q² + 7pq
(vi) 1.2a + 0.8b
(vii) 3.14 r²
(viii) 2(l + b)
(ix) 0.1y + 0.01y²
Solution:

Question 4.
(a) Identify terms which contains x and give the coefficient of x.
(i) y²x + y
(ii) 13y² – 8yx
(iii) x + y + 2
(iv) 5 + z + zx
(v) 1 + x + xy
(vi) 12xy² + 25
(vii) 7x + xy²
(b) identify terms which contains y² and give the coefficient of y².
(i) 8 – xy²
(ii) 5y² + 7x
(iii) 2x²y – 15xy² + 7y²
Solution:
(a)

Question 5.
Classify into trinomials.
(i) 4y – 7z
(ii) y²
(iii) x + y – xy
(iv) 100
(v) ab – a – b
(vi) 5 – 3t
(vii) 4p²q – 4pq²
(viii) 7mn
(ix) z² – 3z + 8
(x) a² + b²
(xi) z² + z
(xii) 1 + x + x²
Solution:
The monomials, binomials and trinomials have 1, 2 and 3 unlike terms in it respectively.
(i) 4y – 7z Binomial
(ii) y² Monomial
(iii) x + y – xy Trinomial
(iv) 100 Monomial
(v) ab – a – b Trinomial
(vi) 5 – 3t Binomial
(vii) 4p²q – 4pq² Binomial
(viii) 7mn Monomial
(ix) z² – 3z + 8 Trinomial
(x) a² + b² Binomial
(xi) z² + z Binomial
(xii) 1 + x + x² Trinomial

Question 6.
State whether a given pair of terms is of like or unlike terms.
(i) 1,100
(ii) -7x, \(\frac{5}{2}\)x
(iii) -29x, -29y
(iv) 14xy, 42yx
(v) 4m²p, 4mp²
(vi) 12xz, 12x²z²
Solution:
The terms which have same algebraic factors are called like terms. However, when terms have different algebraic factors, these are called unlike terms.
(i) 1,100 Like
(ii) -7x, \(\frac{5}{2}\)x Like
(iii) -29x, -29y Unlike
(iv) 14xy, 42yx Like
(v) 4m²p, 4mp² Unlike
(vi) 12xz, 12x²z² Unlike

Question 7.
Identify like terms in the following:
(a) -xy², -4yx², 8x², 2xy², 7y, -11x², -100x, -11yx, 20x²y, -6x², y, 2xy, 3x
(b) 10pg, 7p, 8q, -p²q², -7qp, – 100q, -23, 12q²p², – 5p², 41, 2405p, 78qp, 13p²g, qp²,701p²
Solution:
(a) -xy² and 2xy²; -4yx² and 20x²y; 8x², -11x² and -6x²; 7y and y, -100x and 3x; -11yx and 2xy

(b) 10pq, -7qp and 78qp; 7p and 2405p; 8q and -100y; -p²q² and 12q²p², -23 and 41; -5p² and 701 p²; 13p2²q and qp²

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 7 Congruence of Triangles Ex 7.1

Question 1.
Complete the following statements:
(a) Two line segments are congruent if ___ .
(b) Among two congruent angles, one has a measure of 70°; the measure of the other angle is ___.
(c) When we write ∠A = ∠B, we actually mean ___.
Solution:
(a) They have the same length.
(b) 70°
(c) m∠A = m∠B

Question 2.
Give any two real-life examples for congruent shapes.
Solution:
(i) Sheets of same letter pad.
(ii) Biscuits in the same packet.

Question 3.
If ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED under the correspondence ABC ⟷ FED, write all the corresponding congruent parts of the triangles.
Solution:
If ∆ABC ≅ ∆FED, then the corresponding angles and sides will be equal to each other.

Question 4.
If ∆DEF ⟷ ∆BCA, write the part(s) of ∆BCA that correspond to
(i) ∠E
(ii) \(\overline{E F}\)
(iii) ∠F
(iv) \(\overline{D F}\)
Solution:
(i) ∠C
(ii) \(\overline{C A}\)
(iii) ∠A
(iv) \(\overline{B A}\)

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Sea Movements

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives from the following

Question 1.
Waves occur due to:
(a) Rotation of die earth
(b) Tides
(c) Wind
(d) Difference in temperature
Answer:
(c) Wind

Question 2.
Neap tide occurs on:
(a) 8th day
(b) Ml moon day
(c) new moon day
(d) 4th day
Answer:
(a) 8th day

Fill in the blanks

1. When the hot and cold currents meet …………… occurs on the coast.
2. ………….. waves are very destructive.
3. In the Northern Hemisphere the currents turn towards their ……………….

Answer:

1. dense fog
2. Tsunami
3. right

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the types of movements of the seas.
Answer:
There are three types of movements of foe seas. They are:

• Waves
• Currents
• Tides

Question 2.
What are waves?
Answer:
The water on the surface of foe sea moves up and down due to foe effects of wind. This is known as waves. There are two parts of waves. The one that rises up is called crest and foe lower part is called trench.

Question 3.
What are currents?
Answer:
Big streams of water flowing regularly, constantly and in a definite direction on foe surface or sub-surface of foe ocean are called currents. They are the most powerful of all the sea movements.

Question 4.
What are tides?
Answer:
The sea water rises and falls twice in 24 hours. The water enters foe shores for a few hours and then recedes gradually. This is due to the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. The rising of water is called high tide and die falling of water is called low tide.

Question 5.
Write any three advantages of tides.
Answer:

1. The tides help in fishing.
2. They increase the depth of the shallow harbors. This helps in bringing ships into the harbors.
3. They increase die depth of estuaries.
4. They keep rivers deep enough so to help ships placed in the rivers.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the difference between waves and currents.
Answer:
The difference between waves and currents:

Question 2.
Explain spring tide and neap tide with illustrations.
Answer:
Spring Tide and Neap Tide. On a full moon and new moon the sun, the moon and the earth, all three lie in a straight line. Due to the combined gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, the tides on these days are higher. Such type of tide is known as spring tide. There are two spring tides in a month. One is a on full moon and die other is on new moon.

But when die gravitational pull of the sun and moon act at right angles opposite to die earth’s center, their force of attractions acts opposite to each other. In this case water rises little. This tide is Neap tide. It happens twice a month i.e. when the moon is in its first and third quarters or on the eight day after full moon and the eight day after the night of new moon.
Illustrations:

Question 3.
Explain the causes of ocean currents and its effects on human beings.
Answer:
Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly in a definite direction at or near the surface of the ocean.
Ocean currents are caused by prevailing or planetary winds. They are also caused by die variation of temperature. The variation of saline water in the sea water causes ocean currents.

The ocean currents influence the climate of the regions such as coastal areas or islands. The warm currents raise the temperature whereas the cold currents reduce the temperature. Due to warm currents the harbors at higher latitudes remain, open through out the jar i. e. The harbors of Norway and Japan. The warm winds blowing over warm currents absorbs a lot of moisture and the nearby areas receive lots of rainfall.

Map work
On an outline map of the world, depict the major ocean currents.
Answer:
Ocean Currents

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 6 The Triangles and Its Properties Ex 6.5

Question 1.
PQR is a triangle, right-angled at P. If PQ= 10 cm and PR = 24 cm, find QR.
Solution:
By applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆PQR,
(PQ)² + (PR)² = (QR)²
⇒ (10)² + (24)² = (QR)2²
⇒ (QR)² = 100 + 576
= 676 = (26)²
∴ QR = 26 cm

Question 2.
ABC is a triangle, right-angled at C. If AB = 25 cm and AC = 7 cm, find BC.
Solution:
By applying Pythagoras theorem in AABC,
(AC)² + (BC)² = (AB)²
⇒ (BC)² = (AB)² – (AC)²
= (25)² – (7)²
= 625 – 49 = 576
= (24)²
∴ BC = 24 cm

Question 3.
A 15 m long ladder reached a window 12 m high from the ground on placing it against a wall at a distance a. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall.

Solution:
By applying Pythagoras theorem,
(15)² = (12)² + a²
⇒ 225 = 144 + a²
⇒ a² = 225 – 144 = 81 = 9²
⇒ a = 9 m
Therefore, the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall is 9 m.

Question 4.
Which of the following can be the sides of a right triangle?
(i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm.
(ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm.
(iii) 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm.
In the case of right-angled triangles, identify the right angles.
Solution:
(i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm
∴ (2.5)² = 6.25, (6.5)² = 42.25 and (6)² = 36
It can be observed that,
36 + 6.25 = 42.25
⇒ (6)² + (2.5)² = (6.5)²
The square of the length of one side is the sum of the squares of the lengths of the remaining two sides. Hence, these are the sides of a right-angled triangle. Right angle will be in front of the side of measure 6.5 cm.

(ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm
∴ (2)² = 4, (2)² = 4 and (5)² = 25
Here, (2)² + (2)² ≠ (5)²
The square of the length of one side is not equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the remaining two sides. Hence, these sides are not of a right-angled triangle.

(iii) 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.5 cm
∴ (1.5)² = 2.25, (2)² = 4 and (2.5)² = 6.25
Here, 2.25 + 4 = 6.25
⇒ (1.5)² + (2)² = (2.5)²
The square of the length of one side is the sum of the squares of the lengths of the remaining
two sides. Hence, these are the sides of a right-angled triangle.
Right angle will be in front of the side of measure 2.5 cm.

Question 5.
A tree is broken at a height of 5 m from the ground and its top touches the ground at a distance of 12 m from the base of the tree. Find the original height of the tree.
Solution:
In the drawn figure, BC represents the unbroken part of the tree. Point C represents the point where the tree broke and CA represents the broken part of the tree. Triangle ABC, thus formed, is right-angled at B.

Applying Pythagoras C theorem in ∆ABC,
AC² = BC² + AB²
= (5)²+ (12)² BL
= 25 + 144 = 169
= (13)²
∴ AC = 13 m
Thus, original height of the tree = AC + CB = 13m + 5m = 18m

Question 6.
Angles Q and R of a ∆PQR are 25° and 65°. Write which of the following is true:
(i) PQ² + QR² = RP²
(ii) PQ² + RP² = QR²
(iii) RP² + QR² = PQ²

Solution:
The sum of the measures of all interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180°
∠P + 25°+ 65° = 180°
∠P + 90° = 180°
∠P = 180° – 90° = 90°
Therefore, ∆PQR is right-angled at point P. Hence, (PR)² + (PQ)² = (QR)²
∴ (ii) is true.

Question 7.
Find the perimeter of the rectangle whose length is 40 cm and a diagonal is 41 cm.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the given rectangle with length AB = 40 cm and diagonal AC = 41 cm.
In ∆ABC,
(AC)² = (AB)² + (BC)²
⇒ (4)² = (40)²+ (BQ)²
⇒ (BC)² = 1681 – 1600 = 81 = 9²
∴ BC = 9 cm

∴ Perimeter of rectangle = 2(40 + 9)
= 2(49) = 98 cm.

Question 8.
The diagonals of a rhombus measure 16 cm and 30 cm. Find its perimeter.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the given rhombus with diagonals AC = 16 cm and BD = 30 cm.
We know that diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angle.
Let diagonals AC and BD bisects at O.

Hence, perimeter of rhombus = 4 × (17) = 68 cm

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions