Class 7

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts Intext Questions

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 5 Question 1.
Can I taste all substances to find their taste?
Answer:
No, we should not taste unknown substances. They could harm us.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question 2.
I am not getting the same result when using solid baking soda on dry litmus paper. Why?
Answer:
Make a solution of baking soda and then try.

Activities
Activity 1
Let us recall tastes of some edible substances listed in table. If you have not tasted any of these substances taste it now and enter the result in the given table.
Answer:

Activity 2
Mix some water with lemon juice in a plastic cup/ tumbler/ test tube. Put a drop of the above solution on a strip of the red litmus paper with the help of a dropper.

• Is there any change in colour.
• Repeat the same exercise with the blue litmus paper.
• Note down if there is any change in colour.

Perform the same activity with the following substances:
Tap water, detergent solution, aerated drink, soap solution, shampoo, common salt solution, sugar solution, vinegar, baking soda solution, milk of magnesia, washing soda solution, lime water. If possible make solutions in distilled water. Record your observations as in table.
Answer:

Activity 3
Take a tablespoonful of turmeric powder. Add a little water and make a paste.
Make turmeric paper by depositing turmeric paste on blotting paper/filter paper and drying it. Cut thin strips of the yellow paper obtained.

• Put a drop of soap solution on the strip of turmeric paper.
• What do you observe
• Similarly test the solutions listed in table and note down your observations.

Answer:
The turmeric turns red.

Acitivity 4
Collect some China rose (Gudhal) petals and place them in a beaker. Add some warm water. Keep the mixture for some time till water becomes coloured. Use the coloured water as an indicator. Add five drops of the indicator to each of the solutions given in table:

Acids, Bases and Salts Text book Exercises

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 MP Board Question 1.
State ditterences between acids and bases?
Answer:
Differences between acids and bases:
Acids:

1. Acids are substances which contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms.
2. All acids are sour in taste.
3. All acids turn blue litmus red.
4. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen.
5. Acids react with metal to form salts and release hydrogen gas.

Bases:

1. Bases are substances which have one or more replaceable hydroxyl group (OH).
2. Bases are bitter in taste and slippry in touch.
3. Bases turn red litmus blue.
4. Bases are compound which have hydroxyl group.
5. Bases react with acids to form salts.

Common Salt Taste Question 2.
Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Basic.

Table 5.1 Class 7 Science Question 3.
Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?
Answer:
Litmus solution is extracted from lichens. It is used as indicator.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.4 Solutions Question 4.
Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
Answer:
The distilled water is neutral.

Put a drop of distilled water on a strip of the red litmus paper with the help of a droper. We observe that colour of the litmus paper is not change. The solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are knwon as neutral solutions. These substances are neither acidic nor basic.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.2 Solutions Question 5.
Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example?
Answer:
The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Example: Following reaction:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) → Sodium chloride (NaCl) + Water (H₂O)

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Question 6.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

1. Nitric acid turn red litmus blue. (T/F)
2. Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (T/F)
3. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
4. Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T/F)
5. Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)
5. False (F).

Class 7 Science Table 5.5 Question 7.
Dorji has a few bottles of soft drink in his restaurant. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled. He has to serve tire drinks on the demand of customers. One customer wants acidic drind, another wants basic and third one wants neutral drink. How will Dorji decide which drink is to be served to whom?
Answer:

1. He can decide by the use of indicator.
2. It the sample of drink turns red litmus blue, it is basic. It it turns blue litmus red, it is acidic.
3. It it does not effect litmus, then it is neutral.

Table 5.2 Class 7 Science Question 8.
Explain why?

1. An antacid tablet is taken when you suffer from acidity.
2. Calamine solution is applied on the skin when an ant bites.
3. Factory waste is neutralised before disposing it into the water bodies.

Answer:
1. Our stomach contains hydrachloric acid. It help us to digest food. But too mcuh of acid in the stomach causes indigestion. Sometimes indigestion is painful. To relieve indigestion, we take an antacid such as milk of magnesia, which contains magnesium hydroxide. It neutralises the effect of excessive acid.

2. Ant injects an acid (i.e., formic acid) during bite which cavses the burning sensation. Calamine solution is basic in nature. It neutralises the acid and relives us from the pain.

3. Factory wastes contain both acidic and basic substances. If they are allowed to flaw into the water bodies, they are harmful for orgainsms living in water. So the factory wastes are neutralised by adding basic substances.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question 9.
Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid, another is sodium hydroxide and third is a sugar solution. How will you identify them? You have only turmeric indicator.
Answer:
Turmeric solution turns red in contact with bases. It is not affected by acids and neutral substances. So, first we will identify the base.

Now, the base is taken and turmeric is added. It will turn red. Then, one of the solutions is added to it gradually. If the solution turns yellow again, the added liquid is hydrochloric acid because it neutralises the base. Otherwise the added liquid is sugar solution.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.5 Solutions Question 10.
Blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains blue. What is the nature of the solution? Explain.
Answer:
The nature of the solution is neutral, because the solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are known as neutral solution. These substances are neither acidic nor basic.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Acids Bases And Salts Table 5.1 Question 11.
Consider the following statements:

1. Both acids and bases changes colour of all indicators.
2. If an indicator gives a colour change with an acid, it does give a change with a base.
3. If an indicator changes colour with a base, it does not change colour with an acid.
4. Change of colour in an acid and a base depends on the type of the indicator.

Which of these statements are correct?

1. All four
2. (a) and (d)
3. (b) and (c)
4. only (d)

Answer:
4. only (d).

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects:

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Acids Bases And Salts Table 5.4 Question 1.
Using the knowledge of acids and bases, write a secret message with the help of baking soda and beet root. Explain how it works?
Answer:
Prepare baking soda solution in water. Use this solution to write the message on a sheet of white paper with a cotton bud. Rub a slice of fresh beet root over the message.

Table 4.3 Class 7 Science Acid Base And Salt Question 2.
Prepare red cabbage juice by boiling a piece of red cabbage in water. Use it as an indicator and test the acidic and basic solutions with it. Present your observations in the form of a table?
Answer:
Do with the help of your subject teacher.

Coffee Is Acid Or Base Class 7 Question 3.
Bring the soil sample of your area, find out if it is acidic, basic or neutral. Discuss with farmers if they treat the soil in any manner?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Table 5.4 Class 7 Science Question 4.
Visit a doctor. Find out the medicines, he prescribes to treat acidity Ask him how acidity can be prevented?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Acids, Bases and Salts Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Table 5.3 Class 7 Science Question 1
Choose the correct alternative

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.3 Solutions Question (i)
Bases are –
(a) Sour in taste
(b) Sweet in taste
(c) Bitter in taste
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Bitter in taste

Acids Bases And Salts Class 7 Table 5.2 Question (ii)
Blue litmus turns red by –
(a) Sodium
(b) Sodiujn sulphate
(c) Bitter in taste
(d) Qattstic potash.
Answer:
(c) Bitter in taste

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Solution Question (iii)
Which one of the following oxides will react with acids to salt and water –
(a) CO
(b) SO₂
(c) SO₃
(d) CuO.
Answer:
(d) CuO.

Class 7th Science Chapter 5 (iv)
Which of the following is a mineral acid –
(a) Acetic acid
(b) Citric acid
(c) Tartaric acid
(d) Nitric acid.
Answer:
(d) Nitric acid.

Class 7 Science Table 5.1 Question (v)
Which is the common name of sodium bicarbonate –
(a) Caustic soda
(b) Washing soda
(c) Blue vitriol
(d) Baking soda.
Answer:
(d) Baking soda.

Science Class 7 Chapter 5 Question Answer Question (vi)
For diluting acid –
(a) Water is added to acid.
(b) Acid is added to water.
(c) Acid is boiled after adding water.
(d) Acid is boiled before adding water.
Answer:
(c) Acid is boiled after adding water.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question Answer Question (vii)
……………. is used for whitewashing in house.
(a) Sodium hydroxide
(b) lime stone, calcium hydroxide
(c) blue vitriol
(d) lime water and ash.
Answer:
(b) lime stone, calcium hydroxide

Question (viii)
Nausadar is –
(a) Acid
(b) Alkali
(c) Salt
(d) Indicatior
Answer:
(c) Salt

Fill in the blanks:

1. Acetic acid is present in while is present ………….. While …………. is present in lemon.
2. Magnesium burns in air to form …………. which is ………….. oxide.
3. The chemical formula of slaked lime is ……………..
4. Acids are …………….. in taste.
5. The gas which escapes out from many aerated soft drinks is …………..
6. ………….. are slippery in touch.
7. Bases turn ………….. litmus to …………..
8. In a neutralisation reaction an ………….. and an ………….. combine to form a salt and water.
9. The solution formed by reacting P₂ O₅ with H₂O turns ………….. litmus ……………
10. Methyl orange is a good ……………

Answer:

1. Vinegar, citric acid
2. Magnesium oxide, basic
3. Ca₂, (OH)₂
4. Sour
5. CO₂
6. Bases
7. Red, blue
8. Acid, alkali
9. Blue, red
10. Indicator.

Question 3.
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Acids have a bitter taste.
2. Bases have a bitter taste.
3. Bases react with carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.
4. Copper does not reach with tamarind (imli) water.
5. Sulphuric acid is c.’led ‘King of chemicals’.
6. Orange juice turns blue litmus red.
7. Alum (Phitkari) acts as a antacid.
8. Soaps are salts of fatty acids.
9. Copper sulphate is used as a preservative in pickels. Potassium chloride is a salt of sulphuric acid.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. False.

Question 4.
Paheli brought the following paheli (riddle) for you.

1. Coffee is brown
2. And bitter in taste
3. Is it an acid
4. Or a base
5. Don’t give the answer
6. Without any test
7. You are in the dark With its taste

Answer:
Acidic.

Acids, Bases and Salts Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which acid is present in our stomach?
Answer:
Hydrochloric acid in small amount is present in our stomach.

Question 2.
What will you do if some acid is split on the table?
Answer:
We will sprinkle some base on the table to neutralise the effect of the acid.

Question 3.
Why antacids tablests are used to reduce acidity of the stomach?
Answer:
Sometimes due to spicy food the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases in the stomach. This causes acidity. To reduce it some harmless bases are used like milk of magnesia [Mg (OH)₂] and aluminium hydroxide, which balance the excess of acids. These are solid in the form of tablets called antacids.

Question 4.
What are mineral acids? Give two examples.
Answer:
The acids which are capable of forming hydrogen ions, when dissolved in water are mineral acids. For example, HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ (Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulphuric acid). In other words, mineral acids are strong acids. These acids are called mineral acids because these are prepared from minerals.

Question 5.
What are organic acids? Give two Examples.
Answer:
Organic acid are soured milk, lemon, green mangoes and karvanda are sour tasting. All of them contain some naturally occurring acids. Such acids are found in animals and plant materials. They are known as organic acids.
Examples: Lactic acid, Citric acid, Vinegar, Formic acid.

Question 6.
What do you understand by concentrated and dilute acids?
Answer:
Concentrated acid:
The acids which are prepared by dissolving in water, are known as concentrated acid.

Dilute acid:
The acid which are prepared by dissolving in excess amount of water are known as dilute acids.

Question 7.
Name the gas obtained when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
Answer:
When metal carbonate reacts with acids they give carbon dioxide gas.

Question 8.
What will happen if blue litmus paper is soaked in orange juice?
Answer:
It change into red colour.

Question 9.
State one characteristic property of all acids. Is dry hydrogen chloride gas an acid?
Answer:

1. Acids have a sour taste.
2. Acids turn blue litmus red.
3. Acids react with metal to evolve hydrogen gas.
   2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂
   Yes, hydrogen chloride is an acid.

Question 10.
A solution turns red litmus paper into blue. What does this indicate about the chemical nature of the solution?
Answer:
The solution which turns red litmus paper blue is basic in nature. The substance which turns red litmus paper blue is known as alkalies.

Question 11.
Classify the following chemicals in acids and bases:
KON, HNO₃, Ca(OH)₂, LiOH, CH₃COOH, HCOOH, Mg(OH)₂, NaOH, H₂SO₄, HCl
Answer:
Acids:
HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HCl.

Bases:
KOH, Ca(OH)₂, LiOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, Mg(OH)₂, NaOH.

Acids, Bases and Salts Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
You are given hydrochloric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution and water in three different bottles. How will you check which bottle has which compound?
Answer:
Take three pieces of blue litmus paper. Put one piece of blue litmus paper into each of these solutions. That bottle which turns blue litmus red contains hydrochloric acid. Take three pieces of red litmus paper. Put one piece of red litmus paper into each of these solutions. That bottle which turns red litmus blue contains sodium hydroxide (base).

Question 2.
How can you test the presence of acid in a substance?
Answer:
Acids can be tested in any substance by the following methods:

1. Take a drop of the dilute solution of the substance on the tips of your tongue. If it taste sour, it is acid.
2. Place a blue litmus paper in the solution. If the colour changes to red, acid is present.

Example: 2Na + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂

Question 3.
What are indicators? Name two acid – base indicators.
Answer:
The substance which are used to identify whether a substance is an acid or base is called indicators. For example, litmus solutions give red colour with acids and blue colour with bases. Therefore, litmus is used as indicator. Substances wrhich given differnet colours with acid and base are called acid – base indicators.
Example:

1. Methyl orange
2. Phenolpthalein

Question 4.
State the colour of dry litmus paper when placed in separate samples of dilute sulphuric acid, moist ammonia gas, moist chlorine, sodium hydroxide, lemon juice, vinegar and water into which sulphur dioxide gas has been bubbled for some time?
Answer:

Question 5.
Why are acids not stored in metal containers? Containers/ vessels made from which material are safe to store acids?
Answer:
All the acids react with metals. They react vigorously and slowly with metals according to their nature. So, the acids are not stored in metal containers. Vessels made from glass or cermics are considered safe for strong acids.

Question 6.
Which acids are present in following substance:

Answer:

1. Citric acid
2. Acetic acid
3. Lactic acid
4. Oxalic acid
5. Tartaric acid.

Question 7.
Why does colour of blue vitriol change when heated?
Answer:
When we blue vitriol heated it changes into white vitriol and water.

Question 8.
Write one use of each of the following compounds?

1. Vinegar
2. Methly orange
3. Alum
4. Sulphuric, acid
5. Sodium hydroxide.

Answer:

1. In pickles and jam for preserving it in good condition for long duration.
2. As a indicator.
3. In purifying water.
4. In purifying pertroliujn products.
5. In purifying pertrolium products.

Question 9.
What are acid salts? Give two examples?
Answer:
Acid salt:
When a strong acid is neutralised by a weak base, then a salt is formed, such type of salt is called acid salt.
For example:
H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH → (NH ) SO₄ + 2H₂O
HCl+ NH₄OH → NH₄Cl + H₂O

Question 10.
Complete the following equations:

1. NaOH + H₂SO₄ → ……………. + H₂O
2. H₂CO₃ + NaOH → ……………. + H₂O
3. HNO₃ + KOH → ……………. + H₂O
4. Mg (OH)₂ + 2HCl → ……………. + 2H₂O

Answer:

1. NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
2. H₂CO₃ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O
3. HNO₃ + KOH → KNO₃+ H₂O
4. Mg (OH)₂ + 2HCl → + MgCl₂ + 2H₂O

Question 11.
Name the gas obtaines when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
Answer:
When metal carbonate reacts with acids they give carbon dioxide gas.
For example.

Question 12.
Differentiate between bases and alkalies by giving suitable examples of each?
Answer:
Bases:
Bases are the compound which have one or more hydroxyl group (OH) in their molecule.
Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH etc.

Alkalies:
Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
Examples: Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Question 13.
What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Answer:
The reaction of an acid with an alkali and vice – versa to form salt and water is called neutralisation reaction.
For examples:

Question 14.
How is salt obtained from sea – water?
Answer:
The seas are great sources of salts. A litre of a water contains about 35 grams of salts. Sodium chloride is the main salt. The sea water is trapped in shallow called lagoons and is allowed to evaporate in sunlight to white solid crystal of salts. These crystals are processed and packed to send to markets.

Question 15.
What are the uses of weak alkalies?
Answer:

1. Ammonia is a weak alkali. It is used for the manufacture of fertilizers.
2. Ammonia is also used for the production of wood pulp and organic chemicals.
3. It is also used for making synthetic fibres such as nylon and nitric acid, which are used for the preparation of synthetic cloth.
4. Calcium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder.

Question 16.
Tabulate the some hydrated salts with their chemical formulae and colour?
Answer:
Some hydrated salts:

Question 17.
Name some common acid and alkali indicators?
Answer:

Acids, Bases and Salts Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What are acids? Write their properties.
Answer:
Acids are substances which contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms. Its properties are:

1. 1. All acids are sour in taste.
   2. All acids turn blue litmus red.
   3. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen e.g., H₂SO₄, HCl etc.
   4. Acids are compounds which form hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) in aqueous (water) solution.
      Example:
      

1. Acids react with metal to form salts and release hydrogen gas.
   Example: 2Na + 2 HC1 → 2NaCl + H₂
   
2. Acids react with carbonates and bicarbonates to give carbon dioxide gas.
   Example:
   

Question 2.
What are bases? Write down its properties.
Answer:
Bases are substances which have one or more replaceable hydroxyl group (OH).
The various properties of bases are:

1. Bases are bitter in taste and slippery in touch.
2. Bases turn red litmus blue.
3. Bases are compound which have hydroxyl group.
4. All bases give hydroxyl ion into aqueous solutions.
   
5. Bases react with acids to form salts.
   Example: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Question 3.
What are the uses of mineral acids in industry?
Answer:
The uses of mineral acids in industry are:

1. Concentrated sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are used in a large number of metallurgical operations, manufacture of fertilizers and preparations of large number of industrial chemicals.

2. Hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from inside the boilers. This process is known as descaling.

3. One of the mineral acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl) present in our stomach helps in digestion of food.

4. Nitric acid (HNO₃) is used by goldsmiths for cleaning gold and silver ornaments.

Question 4.
Distinguish clearly between the following terms by giving suitable examples:

1. Organic acid and mineral acid.
2. Base and alkali.

Answer:
1. Organic acid:

• Organic acid contains COOH functional group.
• These acids are weak.
• These acids are present in humans and plants.
• They are less corrosive and are used in food ingradients.
  Examples: Ethanoic acid, lactic acid, citric acid.

Mineral acid:

• Mineral acid contains hydrogen ions (H⁺).
• These acids are strong.
• These acids are prepared by mankind.
• They are corrosive in nature and have industrial use.
  Examples: Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid.

2. Base:

• Bases are the compound which have one or more hydroxhyl group (OH) in their molecule.
• All alkalies are bases
• Bases are insoluble in water.
  Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH

Alkali:

• Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
• All bases are not alkalies.
• Alkalies are soluble in water.
  Examples: Sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Question 5.
Write any three most common salts used in daily life and write their uses?
Answer:
Most common salts used in daily life are:
1. Washing Soda: Na₂CO₃.10H₂O.
Uses:

• It is used in laundary.
• It is used to prepare other compounds such as glass, caustic soda and detergent poweders.

2. Baking Soda: NaHCO₃
Uses:

• It is used in baking powder.
• It is used as medicine to reduce acidity of the stomach.
• It is used in fire extinguisher.

3. Potash alum or phitkari:
K₂SO_4.Al₂(SO₄)₃24H₂O
Uses:

• It is used to purify water.
• It is used after shave to stop the bleeding from cuts.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Bhasha Bharti Solutions विविध प्रश्नावली 2

Class 7 Hindi Vividh Prashnavali 2 प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए
(क) खान क्या काम करता था?
उत्तर-
खान हींग बेचने का काम करता था।

(ख) मिसाइलमैन के नाम से कौन प्रसिद्ध है और क्यों?
उत्तर-
मिसाइलमैन के नाम से डॉ. अब्दुल कलाम प्रसिद्ध हैं। वे भारत के ग्यारहवें राष्ट्रपति हैं। उन्होंने ‘अग्नि’ मिसाइल का निर्माण किया।

(ग) सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने माण्डले जेल से किसको पत्र लिखा था तथा उसमें किस विषय पर चर्चा की थी?
उत्तर-
सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने माण्डले जेल से एन.सी. केलकर के नाम पत्र लिखा था। उस पत्र में सुभाषचन्द्र बोस ने चर्चा की थी कि इसी जेल में लोकमान्य तिलक ने सुप्रसिद्ध ‘गीता भाष्य’ लिखा था। यहाँ उन्हें छः वर्ष तक रखा गया। लोकमान्य तिलक ने अपने बहुमूल्य जीवन की इस अवधि में कितनी पीड़ा सहन की थी। जेल जीवन में पिछली आदतें छोड़नी पड़ती हैं तथा स्वयं को स्वस्थ और स्फूर्तिवान रखना पड़ता है।

(घ) तात्या कौन थे तथा वे किसके सहयोगी थे?
उत्तर-
तात्या सन् 1857 के स्वतन्त्रता संग्राम के सेनानी थे और वे झाँसी की महारानी लक्ष्मीबाई के एक सहयोगी थे।

(ङ) हमारे प्रदेश में कौन-कौन से राष्ट्रीय उद्यान हैं?
उत्तर-
हमारे प्रदेश के राष्ट्रीय उद्यान निम्नलिखित हैं

1. सबसे पहला प्रसिद्ध राष्ट्रीय उद्यान कान्हा।
2. बान्धवगढ़ राष्ट्रीय उद्यान।
3. माधव राष्ट्रीय उद्यान, शिवपुरी।
4. सतपुड़ा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान, होशंगाबाद जिले का।
5. संजय राष्ट्रीय उद्यान (हमारे प्रदेश के सीधी जिले और छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य के सरगुजा जिले तक फैला हुआ है।)
6. इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी पेंच राष्ट्रीय उद्यान, सिवनी।
7. पन्ना राष्ट्रीय उद्यान टाइगर रिजर्व क्षेत्र-पन्ना और छतरपुर जिलों तक फैला हुआ है।
8. वन विहार राष्ट्रीय उद्यान-हमारे प्रदेश की राजधानी भोपाल में है।
9. ‘जीवाश्म राष्ट्रीय उद्यान’ जिला मण्डला। इसमें वनस्पति जीवाश्मों को संरक्षित किया गया है।

(च) गौरैया के विषय में पाँच वाक्य लिखिए।
उत्तर-

1. गौरैया कच्ची मिट्टी की दीवारों के ऊपर डाले गये छप्परों में घास और पत्तों से अपना घोंसला बनाती है।
2. उसकी आँखें अति सुन्दर और नीलम मणि के समान होती हैं।
3. गौरैया अति फुर्तीली गति से इधर-उधर फुदकती रहती
4. कभी मटके की गरदन पर, तो कभी अरगनी पर चहचहाती हुई चंचल गति से इधर-उधर चहकती फिरती है।
5. गैरैया सर-सर करती हवा में तैरती हुई उठती जल की लहरों के पानी से अपनी प्यास बुझाती है।

(छ) नींव का पत्थर कौन है तथा क्यों?
उत्तर-
नींव का पत्थर मुन्दर है जो महारानी लक्ष्मीबाई की सहेली है। उसने स्वराज्य की स्थापना की भूमि तैयार करने के लिए अपने प्राणों की बाजी लगा दी।

Class 7th Hindi Vividh Prashnavali 2 प्रश्न 2.
किसने किससे कहा
(क) ऐसी बात मत कहो अम्माँ, बेटे को भी क्या कभी माँ से डर हुआ है?
(ख) आज हमें स्वामिभक्त से ज्यादा देशभक्तों की आवश्यकता है।
(ग) स्वराज्य की लड़ाई स्वराज्य मिलने पर ही शान्त हो सकती है।
(घ) राष्ट्रीय उद्यान कौन बनाता है? दीदी।
उत्तर-
(क) हींगवाला खान ने सावित्री से कहा।
(ख) लक्ष्मीबाई ने तांत्या से कहा।
(ग) महारानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने अपने सरदार रामचन्द्र से कहा।
(घ) हरमिन्दर नामक छात्र ने अपनी शिक्षिका श्रीमती सन्ध्या से कहा।

MP Board Class 7 Hindi Vividh Prashnavali 2 प्रश्न 3.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए
(क) सफेद बाघ ………………………………… राष्ट्रीय उद्यान में हैं।
(ख) सबसे तेज दौड़ने वाला प्राणी ………………………………… हमारे देश से पूरी तरह विलुप्त हो गया है।
(ग) डॉ. कलाम फुर्सत के क्षणों में …………………………………” बजाते थे।
(घ) मेरे मटमैले आँगन में …………………………………” गौरैया।
उत्तर-
(क) बान्धवगढ़,
(ख) चीता,
(ग) रुद्रवीणा,
(घ) फुदक रही।

Bhasha Bharti Class 7 Chapter 2 प्रश्न 4.
भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए
(क) पैसों के लिए विदेश नहीं जाऊँगा, भविष्य सँवारने के मोह में देश-सेवा का अवसर हाथ से जाने नहीं दूंगा।
(ख) जो कुछ करना है, उठो ! करो जुट जाओ। जीवन का कोई क्षण, मत व्यर्थ गँवाओ।।
(ग) मोहन-मुख रिस की ये बातें, जसुमति सुन-सुन रीझै।
(घ) मैंने अपना नीड़ बनाया, तिनके-तिनके चुन-चुन।
(ङ) हमारे युवकों को सपने देखने ही चाहिए। सपनों को विचारों में बदलना चाहिए।
उत्तर-
(क) डॉ. अब्दुल कलाम ने देशसेवा के लिए अपने आदर्श को स्पष्ट करते हुए कहा कि वे धन प्राप्त करने की इच्छा से विदेश जाना पसन्द नहीं करते हैं। इस तरह धन एकत्र करना ही भविष्य सँवारना नहीं हो सकता; वह तो एक मोह मात्र ही है। अतः देश की सेवा करने का जो मुझे अवसर प्राप्त हुआ है, उसे मैं अपने हाथ से निकलने नहीं दूंगा।
(ख) जो भी कुछ करना है, उसे तुरन्त कर डालने के लिए संगठित रूप में उठ बैठो और अपने जीवन का कोई भी क्षण व्यर्थ मत गँवाओ। समय बहुत मूल्यवान होता है।
(ग) बालक कृष्ण के मुख से क्रोध भरी इन सभी बातों को सुन-सुनकर माता यशोदा बहुत प्रसन्न होती हैं।
(घ) कवि कहता है कि मैंने भी एक-एक तिनका चुन-चुनकर अपना घोंसला उसी प्रकार बनाया है, जिस प्रकार इस गौरैया ने दीवार के छप्पर में।
(ङ) डॉ. कलाम कहते हैं कि हमारे देश के युवकों को सपने देखने चाहिए। ये सपने वे कल्पनाएँ हैं जिन्हें विचारों का रूप देना है और उन विचारों के अनुसार कार्य करना चाहिए।

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Vividh Prashnavali 2 प्रश्न 5.
वाक्यों में प्रयोग कीजिए

(क) मुहावरे नींद खुलना, नाक कटना, आँख का तारा, नौ दो ग्यारह होना, श्रीगणेश करना, प्राण मुरझा जाना।
उत्तर –
प्रयोग-

1. मोहन की नींद अब तो खुल जानी चाहिए, क्योंकि उस की असफलता का कारण उसकी लापरवाही
2. रामसरन एक इज्जतदार वकील है; उसके लड़के आवारा बन चुके हैं। उनके कारनामों से तो वकील साहब की नाक ही कट गयी है।
3. आशीष इकलौता पुत्र होने से अपने माँ-बाप की आँखों का तारा है।
4. सिपाही को आते देख, सड़क पर इकट्ठी भीड़ के लोग नौ दो ग्यारह होने लगे।
5. हम चाहते हैं कि अपने व्यवसाय का श्रीगणेश अब कर देना चाहिए।
6. अपनी परीक्षा का परिणाम अच्छा न होने से रवीन्द्र के प्राण मुरझा गये।

(ख) शब्द अन्वेषक, दुश्मन, तलवार, अधिकार, वीरगति, शहीद, वैज्ञानिक।
उत्तर-

1. विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अन्वेषक अन्वेषण कर रहे
2. हमारे देश की सीमाओं पर दुश्मन की गतिविधियाँ देश में अस्थिरता पैदा कर रही हैं।
3. महाराणा प्रताप की तलवार सूरज की किरणों की भाँति दमकती थी।
4. हमें अपने अधिकार के साथ-साथ अपने कर्त्तव्य का भी ध्यान रखना चाहिए।
5. कारगिल युद्ध में भारतीय फौज के अनेक वीर सैनिकों ने वीरगति प्राप्त की।
6. देश की आजादी की रक्षा में हुए शहीद सदैव स्मरण किये जायेंगे।
7. भारतीय वैज्ञानिकों ने उच्चकोटि की खोजें की हैं।

Class 7 Hindi Bhasha Bharti Chapter 2 प्रश्न 6.
दिए गये विकल्पों में से सही विकल्प पर (1) (सही) का निशान लगाइए
(क) ‘गुरु-शिष्य’ में समास है
(1) अव्ययीभाव,
(2) बहुब्रीहि,
(3) द्वन्द्व।
उत्तर-
(3) द्वन्द्व,

(ख) ‘समाज’ में ‘इक’ प्रत्यय लगने पर शब्द बनता है
(1) समाजिक,
(2) सामाजिक,
(3) समाजइक।
उत्तर-
(2) सामाजिक,

(ग) ‘परिधान’ शब्द में उपसर्ग है
(1) प,
(2) पर,
(3) परि।
उत्तर-
(3) परि,

(घ) ‘नदी’ शब्द का पर्यायवाची है
(1) सरिता,
(2) गंगा,
(3) आकाश।
उत्तर-
(1) सरिता,

(ङ) जिस समास में एक पद विशेषण और दूसरा पद विशेष्य होता है, उसका नाम है-
(1) द्विगु,
(2) कर्मधारय,
(3) द्वन्द्व।
उत्तर-
(2) कर्मधारय,

(च) निम्नांकित में से अनुप्रास अलंकार का उदाहरण
(1) मैया, मोहि दाऊ बहुत खिझायो।
(2) दाऊ कबहु न खीझै।
(3) बैठे जाइ मथनिया के ढिंग।
उत्तर-
(1) मैया, मोहि दाऊ बहुत खिझायो,

(छ) आग का तत्सम शब्द है।
(1) अगनी,
(2) अग्नि,
(3) अगन।
उत्तर-
(छ) (2) अग्नि,

(ज) ‘दूध’ का तत्सम शब्द है।
(1) दूध,
(2) दुगध,
(3) दुग्ध।
उत्तर-
(3) दुग्ध।

हींगवाला कहानी के प्रश्न उत्तर Class 6 प्रश्न 7.
(क) निम्नांकित शब्दों की वर्तनी शुद्ध कीजिए

1. प्रछेपण,
2. किर्तिमान,
3. भास्यकार,
4. सान्तवना,
5. विस्रान्ती,
6. साम्प्रदयिक,
7. विस्वविख्यात
8. स्वराज।

उत्तर-

1. प्रक्षेपण,
2. कीर्तिमान,
3. भाष्यकार,
4. सान्त्वना,
5. विश्रान्ति,
6. साम्प्रदायिक,
7. विश्वविख्यात,
8. स्वराज्य।

(ख) निम्नांकित शब्दों में भेद समझाते हुए एक-एक वाक्य बनाइएपिता-पीता, सुना-सूना, हंस-हँस।
उत्तर-

1. पिता-पीता पिता ने पुत्र को विद्यालय भेजा। वह रात को दूध पीता था।
2. सुना-सूना हमने सुना कि वे सूने घर में घुस आये थे।
3. हंस-हँस उसकी हंस जैसी चाल देखकर हम सब हँस दिये।

Bhasha Bharti Class 2 Solutions प्रश्न 8.
‘अनु’ तथा ‘आ’ उपसर्ग लगाकर शब्द बनाइए
(क) सरण, शासन, करण, चर, क्रम, रूप, गमन।
(ख) रक्षण, गमन, कर्षण, जन्म, चरण, जीवन, रोहण, मरण।
उत्तर-
(क) अनुसरण, अनुशासन, अनुकरण, अनुचर, अनुक्रम, अनुरूप, अनुगमन।
(ख) आरक्षण, आगमन, आकर्षण, आजन्म, आचरण, आजीवन, आरोहण, आमरण।

विविध प्रश्नावली 1 कक्षा 7 प्रश्न 9.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में कारक चिह्न की पहचान कर लिखिए कि वह किस कारक का वाक्य है
(क) मध्यप्रदेश देश का अग्रणी प्रान्त है।
(ख) अब्दुल कलाम के लिए दो रास्ते थे।
(ग) राष्ट्रीय उद्यान में खेती करना मना होता है।
(घ) लोकमान्य तिलक ने गीता भाष्य ग्रन्थ का प्रणयन किया।
उत्तर-
(क) सम्बन्ध कारक का,
(ख) सम्प्रदान कारक का।
(ग) अधिकरण कारक का,
(घ) कर्त्ताकारक व सम्बन्ध कारक का।

Ganesh Prashnavali In Hindi प्रश्न 10.
नीचे कुछ अनुच्छेद दिए गए हैं, उनमें विराम चिन्ह नहीं हैं। इनमें यथास्थान विराम चिन्ह लगाकर पुनः लिखिए
(क) मेरे देखते-देखते क्या से क्या हो गया जूही झाँसी कालपी ग्वालियर कहाँ से कहाँ पहुँच गई।
(ख) जब खान ने हींग तौलकर पुड़िया बनाकर सावित्री के सामने रख दी तब सब से छोटे बच्चे ने पुड़िया उठाकर खान के पास फेंकते हुए कहा ले जाओ हमें नहीं लेना है चलो माँ भीतर चलो।
(ग) बान्धवगढ़ उमरिया जिले में स्थित है उमरिया के अलावा रीवा, शहडोल, जबलपुर और कटनी नगरों से भी यहाँ के लिए बसें मिलती हैं।
उत्तर-
(क) मेरे देखते-देखते, क्या से क्या हो गया जूही? झाँसी, कालपी, ग्वालियर कहाँ से कहाँ पहुँच गई?
(ख) जब खान ने हींग तौलकर, पुड़िया बनाकर सावित्री के सामने रख दी, तब सबसे छोटे बच्चे ने पुड़िया उठाकर खान के पास फेंकते हुए कहा, “ले जाओ, हमें नहीं लेना है।” चलो, माँ भीतर चलो।
(ग) बान्धवगढ़ उमरिया जिले में स्थित है। उमरिया के अलावा रीवा, शहडोल, जबलपुर और कटनी नगरों से भी यहाँ के लिए बसें मिलती हैं।

विविध प्रश्नावली 1, कक्षा 7 प्रश्न 11.
आगे दी गई वर्ग पहली में मुहावरे छिपे हैं, उन्हें ढूँढ़िए तथा लिखिए
उत्तर-

• खून पसीना एक करना,
• अन्धे की लाठी,
• चल बसना,
• आँखें खुलना,
• कान भरना,
• नाक में दम करना,
• आँखें बिछाना,
• मुँह की खाना,
• जहर उगलना,
• मुँह छिपाना,
• नाक कट जाना,
• भौं चढ़ाना।

भाषा भारती कक्षा 7 पाठ 2 प्रश्न 12.
सही जोड़ी मिलाइए।
(क) जिसके आने की तिथि मालूम न हो। – (1) लम्बोदर (गणेश)
(ख) जिसके दस आनन हैं। – (2) साक्षर
(ग) जो बहुत बोलता है। – (3) संगीतज्ञ
(घ) जो पढ़ना-लिखना जानता है। – (4) अतिथि
(ङ) जो संगीत जानता है। – (5) वाचाल
(च) जिसका उदर लम्बा है। – (6) दशानन (रावण)

उत्तर-
(क) → 4,
(ख) → 6,
(ग) → 5,
(घ) → 2,
(ङ) → 3,
(च) → 1

विविध प्रश्नावली 2 कक्षा 7 प्रश्न 13.
अपने शब्दों में लिखिए
(क) क्या संघर्ष करने से सफलता मिलती है?
उत्तर-
हाँ, संघर्ष करने से सफलता अवश्य मिलती है।

(ख) डॉ. अब्दुल कलाम का जीवन आपको क्या प्रेरणा देता है?
उत्तर-
अपने विचारों को क्रिया में बदलने, आशावान बनने, वचनबद्धता का गुण विकसित करने की प्रेरणा मिलती है।

(ग) आपने कोई दर्शनीय स्थान तो अवश्य देखा होगा, उस रोचक यात्रा का वर्णन लिखिए।
उत्तर-
‘निबन्ध’ शीर्षक में ‘दर्शनीय स्थल की मेरी रोचक । यात्रा’ को देखें।

(घ) आपको कौन-सी कविता अच्छी लगती है, कारण सहित लिखिए।
उत्तर-
मुझे ‘गौरैया’ कविता अच्छी लगती है। इसकी भाषा सरल, सरस और समझ में आने वाली है। प्रकृति का चित्रण सरल भाषा शैली में किया गया है। कवि ने अन्त में अपने दार्शनिक दृष्टिकोण को भी स्पष्ट कर दिया है।

Khan Kya Kam Karta Tha प्रश्न 14.
100 शब्दों में निबन्ध लिखिए-
(क) मध्यप्रदेश के राष्ट्रीय उद्यान।
(ख) विज्ञान और जीवन।
उत्तर-
(क) ‘मध्यप्रदेश के राष्ट्रीय उद्यान’ तथा
(ख) ‘विज्ञान और जीवन’ को ‘निबन्ध’ अध्याय के अन्तर्गत देखें।

भाषा भारती कक्षा 7 हिंदी विशिष्ट प्रश्न 15.
अपने विद्यालय के प्रधान अध्यापक को मामा की शादी में जाने हेतु अवकाश के लिए प्रार्थना-पत्र लिखिए।
उत्तर-
‘प्रार्थना-पत्र’ अध्याय में में देखिए।

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Lines and Angles Ex 5.1

MP Board Solutions Class 7 Maths Chapter 5 Question 1.
Find the complement of eachof the following angles:

Solution:
The sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90°.
(i) Complement of 20° = 90°- 20° = 70°
(ii) Complement of 63° = 90° – 63° = 27°
(iii) Complement of 57° = 90° – 57° = 33°

Class 7 Math Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 Solved In Hindi Question 2.
Find the supplement of each of the following angles:

Solution:
The sum of measures of supplementary angles is 180°.
(i) Supplement of 105° = 180° – 105° = 75°
(ii) Supplement of 87° = 180° – 87° = 93°
(iii) Supplement of 154° = 180° – 154° = 26°

Class 7 Maths Chapter 5 Solution Question 3.
Identify which of the following pairs of angles are complementary and which are supplementary.
(i) 65°, 115°
(ii) 63°, 27°
(iii) 112°, 68°
(iv) 130°, 50°
(v) 45°, 45°
(vi) 80°, 10°
Solution:
The sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90° and that of supplementary angles is 180°.
(i) Sum of the measures of angles = 65° +115° = 180°
∴ These angles are supplementary angles.
(ii) Sum of the measures of angles = 63° + 27° = 90°
∴ These angles are complementary angles.
(iii) Sum of the measures of angles = 112° + 68° = 180°
∴ These angles are supplementary angles.
(iv) Sum of the measures of angles = 130° + 50° = 180°
∴ These angles are supplementary angles.
(v) Sum of the measures of angles = 45° + 45° = 90°
∴ These angles are complementary angles.
(vi) Sum of the measures of angles = 80°+ 10° =90°
∴ These angles are complementary angles.

Class 7 Math Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 Solved Question 4.
Find the angle which is equal to its complement.
Solution:
Let the angle be x.
Complement of this angle is also x.
∵ The sum of the measures of a pair of complementary angles is 90°.
∴ x + x = 90° ⇒ 2x = 90°

7th Class Maths Exercise 5.1 Question 5.
Find the angle which is equal to its supplement.
Solution:
Let the angle be x.
Supplement of this angle is also x.
∵ The sum of the measures of a pair of supplementary angles is 180°.
∴ x + x = 180°
⇒ 2x = 180° ⇒ x = 90°

Class 7 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 Question 5 Question 6.
In the given figure, ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary angles. If ∠1 is decreased, what changes should take place in ∠2 so that both the angles still remain supplementary.

Solution:
∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary angles.
If ∠1 is decreased, then ∠2 should be increased by the same measure so that the given pair of angles remains supplementary.

Maths Class 7 Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 Question 7.
Can two angles be supplementary if both of them are:
(i) acute?
(ii) obtuse?
(iii) right?
Solution:
(i) No. Acute angle is always less than 90°. It can be observed that two angles, even of 89°, cannot add up to 180°. Therefore, two acute angles cannot form a supplementary.
(ii) No. Obtuse angle is always greater than 90°. It can be observed that two angles, even of 91°, will always add up to more than 180°. Therefore, two obtuse angles cannot form a supplementary.
(iii) Yes. Right angles are of 90° and 90° + 90° = 180°.
Therefore, two right angles form a supplementary angle together.

Class 7th Maths Exercise 5.1 Question 8.
An angle is greater than 45°. Is its complementary angle greater than 45° or equal to 45° or less than 45°?
Solution:
Let A and B are two angles making a complementary angle pair and A is greater than 45°.
A + B = 90°
⇒ B = 90° – A
Therefore, B will be less than 45°.

Maths Class 7 Ch 5 Ex 5.1 Question 9.
In the adjoining figure:

(i) Is ∠1 adjacent to ∠2?
(ii) Is ∠AOC adjacent to ∠AOE?
(iii) Do ∠COE and ∠EOD form a linear pair?
(iv) Are ∠BOD and ∠DOA supplementary?
(v) Is ∠1 vertically opposite to ∠4?
(vi) What is the vertically opposite angle of ∠5?
Solution:
(i) Yes. Since, ∠1 and ∠2 have a common vertex O and a common arm OC. Also, their non-common arms OA and OE are on the opposite side of the common arm.
(ii) No. ∠AOC and ∠AOE have a common vertex O and also a common arm OA. But, their non-common arms OC and OE are on the same side of the common arm. Therefore, they are not adjacent to each other.
(iii) Yes. Since, ∠COE and ∠EOD have a common vertex O and a common arm OE. Also, their non-common arms, OC and OD, are opposite rays.
(iv) Yes. Since, ∠BOD and ∠DOA have a common vertex O and their non-common arms are opposite to each other.
(v) Yes. Since, ∠1 and ∠4 are formed due to the intersection of two straight lines, AB and CD.
(vi) ∠COB is the vertically opposite angle of ∠5 as they are formed due to the intersection of two straight lines, AB and CD.

Math Class 7th Exercise 5.1 Question 10.
Indicate which pairs of angles are:
(i) Vertically opposite angles.
(ii) Linear pairs.

Solution:
(i) ∠1 and ∠4, ∠5 and ∠2 + ∠3 are vertically opposite angles as they are formed due to the intersection of two straight lines.
(ii) ∠1 and ∠5, ∠5 and ∠4 are forming linear pairs as they have a common vertex and also, have non-common arms opposite to each other.

Math Class 7 Chapter 5.1 Question 11.
In the following figure, is ∠1 adjacent to ∠2? Give reasons.

Solution:
∠1 and ∠2 are not adjacent angles because their vertex is not common.

Class 7 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1solutions Question 12.
Find the values of the angles x, y and z in each of the following:

Solution:
(i) Since, x and 55° are vertically opposite angles,
x = 55° .
x + y = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒ 55° + y = 180°
⇒ y = 180° – 55° = 125°
y = z (Vertically opposite angles)
∴ z = 125°

(ii) z = 40° (Vertically opposite angles)
y + z = 180° (Linear pair)
⇒ y = 180° – 40° = 140°
∵ 40° + x + 25° = 180°
(Angles on a straight line)
⇒ 65° + x = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 65° = 115°

Class 7th Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 Solutions Question 13.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) If two angles are complementary, then the sum of their measures is ___.
(ii) If two angles are supplementary, then the sum of their measures is ___.
(iii) Two angles forming a linear pair are ___.
(iv) If two adjacent angles. are supplementary, they form a ___.
(v) If two lines intersect at a point, then the vertically opposite angles are always ___.
(vi) If two lines intersect at a point, and if one pair of vertically opposite angles are acute angles, then the other pair of vertically opposite angles are ___.
solution:
(i) 90°
(ii) 180°
(iii) supplementary
(iv) linear pair
(v) equal
(vi) obtuse angles

Class 7th Chapter 5 Maths Question 14.
In the adjoining figure, name the following pairs of angles.

(i) Obtuse vertically opposite angles
(ii) Adjacent complementary angles
(iii) Equal supplementary angles
(iv) Unequal supplementary angles
(v) Adjacent angles that do not form a linear pair
Solution:
(i) ∠AOD, ∠BOC
(ii) ∠EOA, ∠AOB
(iii ) ∠EOB, ∠EOD
(iv) ∠EOA, ∠EOC
(v) ∠AOB and ∠AOE; ∠AOE and ∠EOD; ∠EOD and ∠DOC

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th General English Solutions Revision Exercises 2

Read and Learn : (पढ़ो और याद करो)
Students should do themselves.

Comprehension (बोध प्रश्न):

(A) Answer the questions given below :
(नीचे दिए प्रश्नो के उत्तर दीजिए)

Class 7 English Revision Exercise 2 Question 1.
What will the child do with the pussy ?
Answer:
The child will not pull pussy’s tail or drive her away but will play with her.

MP Board Class 7th English Revision Exercise 2 Question 2.
Why did the merchants think that the old man had seen the camel ?
Answer:
The merchants thought that the old man had seen the camel because he gave the real information to the merchants about their camel.

Class 7th English Revision Exercise 2 Question 3.
Where did the Olympic Games get their name from?
Answer:
The Olympic Games festival was for the first time held in Greece at Olympia. So this sports festival got its name from the place ‘Olympia’

Revision Exercise 2 Class 7 English Question 4.
Why did Dr. Dass want to buy Shanti Bhawan ?
Answer:
He wanted to buy Shanti Bhawan because it did not cost much.

Class 7 English Revision Exercise 1 Question 5.
Whom does the poetess invite to go in her rocket?
Answer:
The poetess invites her friend.

(B) Read the sentences given below and write True or False :
(निम्न वाक्यों को पढ़ो और सही या गलत पर चिन्ह लगाओ)

1. The poetess doesn’t love little pussy. T/F
2. The old man’s answers were in the form of questions. T/F
3. Bobby Pearce’s father was a great wrestler. T/F
4. Mrs. Ghosh was the owner of Shanti Bhawan. T/F
5. The poetess wants to take her friend for a ride in her rocket. T/F

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True.

(C) Read the given paragraph about Olympic Games and then write the answers to the questions given below.
(ओलम्पिक खेलों के बारे में दिए गए अनुच्छेद को पढ़िए और नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।)

(a) Choose the correct answer :
(सही उत्तर चुनो)

Class 7th English Revision Exercise 1 Question 1.
Athletes who take part in the Olympics come from:
(a) one country
(b) all countries
(c) a few countries
(d) selected countries.
Answer:
(b) all countries.

Revision Test 2 Class 7 Question 2.
Olympic Games are held :
(a) once in a year
(b) once in two years
(c) once in four years
(d) once in five years.
Answer:
(c) once in four years.

Revision Exercise 1 Class 7 English Question 3.
The best hockey players in the world are :
(a) Romans and Pakistanis
(b) Pakistanis and Japanese
(c) Indians and Romans
(d) Indians and Pakistanis.
Answer:
(d) Indians and Pakistanis.

Class 7 Revision Test 2 Question 4.
Indians and Pakistanis are best players of hockey because they are more :
(a) skillful
(b) powerful
(c) strong
(d) practised.
Answer:
(a) skillful.

Class 6 English Revision Exercise 2 Question 5.
India lost championship in hockey for the first time :
(a) in 1956
(b) in 1960
(c) in 1964
(d) in 1962.
Answer:
(b) in 1960.

(b) What has brought honour to the nation ?
Answer:
The Olympic victories of our hockey players have brought honour to the nation.

(c) What are we in India proud of ?
Answer:
We in India are proud of our hockey.

(d) Why are Indians and Pakistanis among the best hockey players in the world ? :
Answer:
Because they are more skillful than all others.

Word Power (शब्द समर्थ):

(A) Write the homophones of:
(समान उच्चारित शब्द लिखिए)

(i) see ______
(ii) know ______
Answer:
(i) Sea
(ii) no.

(B) Write one word for :
(एक शब्द लिखिए)

(i) One who lends money
(ii) One who rents out a house
Answer:
(i) Moneylender
(ii) landlord.

(C) Match the column A with B :
(कॉलम A तथा कॉलम B को मिलाइए।)

Answer:
(i) → (b)
(ii) → (c)
(iii) → (a)

(D) Write the opposite of the following words:
(निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विपरीतार्थी शब्द लिखिए।)

(i) wild
(ii) sharp
Answer:
(i) domestic
(ii) blunt.

Grammar in Use (व्याकरण प्रयोग) :

(A) Frame questions using with ‘Where’, ‘Who’ and ‘When’ to get the following answers :
(‘where’, ‘who’, ‘when लगाकर निम्न उत्तरों के प्रश्न बनाइए।)

Class 7 MP Board English Question 1.
Who has her lunch at office ?
Answer:
Suman has her lunch at office.

Class 5 English Revision Exercise 1 MP Board Question 2.
When does she have her lunch?
Answer:
She has her lunch at 2 o’clock.

(B) Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions.
(उचित से रिक्त स्थान भरिए)
(by, into, across)

(i) I drew a line __________ the page.
(ii) Hemu jumped __________ the river.
(iii) Can you finish the work __________ five o’clock?
Answer:
(i) across
(ii) into
(iii) by

(c) Fill in the blanks with correct form of verb:
(क्रिया के उचित रूप से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।)

(i) Our Indian Cricket Team __________ the World Cup in 1983. (win)
(ii) There was complete silence outside. Suddenly I __________ a noise. (hear)
Answer:
(i) won
(ii) heard.

(D) Rewrite the following sentences in indirect form:
(निम्न वाक्यों को अप्रत्यक्ष कथन में लीखिए)

MP Board Class 7th English Question 1.
Seema asked Ashu, “What are you doing today?”
Answer:
Seema asked Ashu what was he doing that day.

MP Board Class 5th English Revision Exercise 1 Question 2.
Ashu said, “I am going to my grandmother’s place.”
Answer:
Ashu said that he was going to his grandmother’s place.

(E) Rewrite the following lines of poem using the necessary punctuation marks:
(आवश्यक विराम चिह्न लगाकर कविता की निम्न पंक्तियों को पुनः लिखिए।)
lives of all great men remind us we can make our lives sublime.
Answer:
Lives of all great men remind us, We can make sublime our lives.

Let’s Write (आओ लिखें):

(A) Write three sentences about the moon.
(चन्द्रमा के बारे में तीन वाक्य लिखिए)
Answer:

1. The moon is a natural satellite of the earth.
2. It looks very pretty on full moon night.
3. Moon does not have light of its own.

(B) Write a short paragraph on ‘rainbow’ using the following words:
(निम्न शब्दों का प्रयोग कर ‘इन्द्रधनुष’ पर एक छोटा सा अनुछेद लिखिए)
rainbow, sky, rainy season, clouds, beautiful, pretty, colours
Answer:
A rainbow is seen in the sky in rainy season. Clouds that sail across the sky are pretty but rainbow is even prettier than these. It consists of seven beautiful colours like violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.

MP Board Class 7th English Solutions

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 7th Hindi Solutions Chapter 1 प्रार्थना Pdf, Class 7th Hindi Chapter 1 Prarthana, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Sugam Bharti Solutions Chapter 1 प्रार्थना

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Sugam Bharti Chapter 1 प्रश्न-अभ्यास

वस्तुनिष्ठ प्रश्न
MP Board Class 7th Hindi Chapter 1 प्रश्न 1.

उत्तर:
1. (ख), 2. (क), 3. (घ), 4. (ग)

(ख) दिए गए शब्दों में से उपयुक्त शब्द चुनकर काव्य पंक्तियाँ पूर्ण कीजिए

1. अपने सुख-दुख को ……………. सहें हम। (चुपचाप/सहष)
2. थके हुए के लिए ……………. सदा बहे हम। (दवा की तरह/हवा की तरह)
3. बैठे आँखों में ……………. भरने को। (आशा/आँसू)
4. माँ! इन नन्हें हाथों को बस यह ……………. दो अपना। (प्रभार/प्रसाद)
उत्तर
1. चुपचाप
2. दवा की तरह
3. आँसू
4. प्रसाद।

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Sugam Bharti Chapter 1 अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

पाठ – 1 प्रार्थना Question Answer Class 7 प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में लिखिए

(क) कवि अपनी मुट्ठी में क्या बाँधना चाहता है?
उत्तर
कवि अपनी मुट्ठी में तकदीर बाँधना चाहता है।

(ख) हम सीना तानकर किस प्रकार खड़े हों?
उत्तर
हम पर्वत की तरह सीना तानकर खड़े हों।

(ग) कवि नन्हें हाथों में किस प्रसाद को चाहता है?
उत्तर
कवि नन्हें हाथों में ऐसा प्रसाद चाहता है जिससे वह यो कार्य कर सके जिसको लोग सपना मानते हैं।

(घ) इस कविता में ‘माँ’ का संबोधन किसके लिए है?
उत्तर
कवित में ‘माँ’ का संबोधन भारत माता के लिए है।

MP Board Class 7th Hindi Sugam Bharti Chapter 1 लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

Class 7 Hindi Chapter 1 Prarthana प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर तीन से पाँच वाक्यों में लिखिए

(क) कबि माँ से क्या-क्या प्रार्थना करता है?
उत्तर
कवि माँ से प्रार्थना करता है कि वह बुद्धि और बल से श्रेष्ठ बने। उनका सिर पर्वत सा ऊँचा हो ताकि वे सभी मुसीबतों का डटकर मुकाबला करे। हममें इतनी शक्ति हो कि हम जरूरतमंदों की सेवा कर सकें। हम अपने दुःखों का चुपचाप सहें। वह कार्य भी कर सकें जिसे सब सपना समझते हैं।

(ख) ‘सावन से घिर आएँ’ का क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर
‘सावन से घिर आएँ’ पंक्ति में कवि का तात्पर्य है कि माँ हमें इतनी शक्ति और बुद्धि प्रदान करे कि हम सभी प्यासों की प्यास बुझा सकें तथा हर सूखी और बंजर भूमि को तृप्त कर सकें।

(ग) कवि नन्हें हार्यों को कहाँ तक पहुँचाना चाहता है?
उत्तर
कवि नन्हें हाथों को वहाँ तक पहुँचाना चाहता है जहाँ तक लोग मात्र सपना समझते हैं अर्थात हर समय उनके हाथ दूसरों की मदद के लिए उठे।

(घ) इस कविता का भावार्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर
संपूर्ण कविता में कवि ने बच्चों को प्रार्थना के माध्यम परिपूर्ण बनने का आहान किया है। बच्चे माँ के सामने प्रार्थना करते हैं कि उनकी बुद्धि और बल दोनों श्रेष्ठ हो ताकि वे उन व्यक्तियों की सेवा कर सके जो दुबल एवं क्षीण हैं। अपने दुःखों को सहने तथा दीन-दुखियों की सहायता करने पर बल दिया गया है।

भाषा की बात

Class 7 Hindi Chapter 1 MP Board प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के सही उच्चारण कीजिए
बुद्धि, आँधी, मुसीबत, तकबीर, लौ, अँधियारे
उत्तर
छात्र स्वयं करें।

MP Board Class 7 Hindi Chapter 1 प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों की वर्तनी शुद्ध कीजिए
साबन, बुद्धि, पिरसाद, सदेव, परबत, पियासे
उत्तर
शुद्ध-साबुन, बुद्धि, प्रसाद, सदैव, पर्वत, प्यास।

MP Board Class 7th Hindi प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के दो-दो पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए
पर्वत, सिर, सागर, हवा, धरती, आँख
उत्तर
पर्यायवाची-नग, अचल; समुद्र, जलधि; समुद्र, जलधि, नीर, पवन; धरा, भूमि; नेत्र, लोचन।

MP Board Solution Class 7th Hindi प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए
ऊँचा, कठिन, अँधियारा, सुख, बड़े, बिखराना
उत्तर
विलोम-नीचा, उजियारा/ उजाला, दुःख, छोटे, समेटना।

प्रार्थना कविता का परिचय

1. में कवि ने हमें जागरूक बन कर देश की रक्षा करने के लिए कहा है। हम अपनी शक्ति और बुद्धि का सदुपयोग करें ताकि जीवन में आने वाली प्रत्येक मुसीबत का सामना निर्भय होकर कर सकें। हमें किस्मत के सहारे नहीं बैठना चाहिए बल्कि मेहनत और बल से स्वयं का विकास करना चाहिए।

प्रार्थना संदर्भ-प्रसंग सहित व्याख्या

1. तन से, मन से और बुद्धि से
हम सब बहुत बड़े हो
पवर्त-से हो, सिर ऊँचा कर
सीना तान खड़े हो
कोई कठिन काम हो भारी
हम करके दिखला दें ।
आँधी से हों, मुसीबतों को
बादल-सा बिखरा दें।

शब्दार्थ
मुसीबत= कठिनाई,संकट; कठिन = मुश्किल; भारी =बहुत बड़ा, गंभीर; आंधी से हो=आंधी के समान, भयानक।

संदर्भ – प्रस्तुत काव्य पंक्तियाँ हमारी पाठ्य-पुस्तक ‘सुगम भारती’ (हिंदी सामान्य) भाग-7 के पाठ-1 ‘प्रार्थना’ से ली गई हैं। इसके रचयिता डॉ. जयकुमार जलज हैं

प्रसंग – प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों में कवि ने हमें चेताया है कि हम अपनी बुद्धि और बल का प्रयोग करके जीवन में ,उत्पन्न मुसीबतों का मुकाबला करें।

व्याख्या- हम सब को अपनी बुद्धि और बल का सदुप्रयोग करके स्वयं का विकास करना चाहिए। फिर चाहे जीवन में किसी भी प्रकार की कठिनाई.या मुसीबत उत्पन्न हो, हम उनका मुकाबला डट कर करें।

विशेष – जीवन की कठिनाइयों से लड़ने और उनसे मुकाबला करने के लिए प्रेरित किया गया है।

2. मुट्ठी में तकदीरें बाँये
हँस कर चलने वाले
अँधियारे में किसी-दिए की
लौ-से जलने वाले
प्यासे को देखें तो हम सब
सावन-से घिर आएँ
सागर में ही नहीं
हयेली गागर में भर जाएँ।

शब्दार्थ – तकदीर=भाग्य, किस्मत; दिए=दीपक।

संदर्भ-पूर्ववत्।

प्रसंग-प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों में कवि ने किस्मत को स्वयं | बनाने और सबके लिए मार्गदर्शक बनने के लिए आहान किया है।

व्याख्या-हमें अपना भाग्य खुद बनाना चाहिए और स्वयं को इतना मजबूत बना लेना चाहिए कि कमजोर |हमारा सहारा ले सके। प्यासे अपनी प्यास बुझा सके | तथा दूसरों पर निर्भर न होना पड़े।

3. बके हुए के लिए
हवा की तरह सदैव बहें हम
धरती-से हां
अपने सुख-दुख को चुपचाप सहें हम
उठे हमारा हाथ
दीन दुखियों का दुख हरने को
रहे न फुरसत ।
बैठें आँखों में आँसू भरने को।

शब्दार्थ
आँखों में आँसू भरना=रोना, निराश होना।

संदर्भ-पूर्ववत्।

प्रसंग-प्रस्तुत पंक्तियों में कवि ने कमजोर और दीन-दुखियों की रक्षा के लिए जागृत किया है।

व्याख्या-जो व्यक्ति समाज की मुसीबतों से डर जाते हैं, धक जाते हैं, उनको सही राह सुझाएँ। हमें निस्वार्थ होकर दीन-दुखियों की सेवा करनी चाहिए। हमें अपने घावों की चिंता न करके दूसरों के आँसू पोछने चाहिए।

4. माँ! इन नन्हें हाथों को
बस यह प्रसाद दो अपना
ये उस तक भी पहुंचे
जिसको सब कहते हो सपना। .

शब्दार्थ-सपना=स्वप्न, कल्पित लक्ष्य।

संदर्भ-पूर्ववत्

प्रसंग-इसमें बच्चे माँ से आशीर्वाद माँग रहे हैं।

व्याख्या-बच्चे माँ के समक्ष प्रार्थना कर रहे हैं कि वे तन-मन और बुद्धि से इतने पूर्ण हो जाएँ कि सबकी | रक्षा कर सकें।

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 2 Nutrition in Animals

Nutrition in Animals Intext Questions

Question 1.
Paheli wants to know how food moves in the opposite direction during vomiting?
Answer:
The food pipe runs along the neck and the chest. Food is pushed down by movement of the wall of the food pipe. Actually this movement takes place throughout the alimentary canal and pushes the food downwards. At times the food is not accepted by our stomach and is vomited out.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 2 Question 2.
Paheli wants to know why these animals cannot chew food properly at the time they take it in?
Answer:
The ruminants mainly feed on grass and bush which primarily contain cellulose or roughage. The grass is rich in cellulose, so lot of chewing and saliva are need. Thus, the ruminants need to chew the grass for long time. If they chew for long while eating, they will get less time to eat.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Question 3.
Boojho wants to know why we cannot digest cellulose like the cattle do?
Answer:
Ruminants have a large sac – like structure between the small intestine and large intestine. The cellulose of the food is digested here by the action of certain bacteria which are not present in humans.

Activities
Activity 1
What is the type of food and mode of feeding of the following animals? Write down your observations in the given Table. You may find the list of modes of feeding given below the Table helpful.
Table 1:
Various modes of feeding

(Scraping, chewing, brewing, capturing and swallowing, sucking etc.)
Answer:

Activity 2
Wash your hands Look into the mirror and count your teeth. Use your index finger to feel the teeth. How many kinds of teeth could you find? Take a piece of an apple or bread and eat it. Which teeth do you use for biting and cutting and which ones for piercing and tearing? Also find out the ones that are used for chewing and grinding?
Record your observations in Table 2.

Answer:
Four.

1. Incisors are used for biting and cutting.
2. Canines are used for piercing and tearing.
3. Premolars and molars are used for chewing and grinding.

Nutrition in Plants Text book Exercises

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The main steps of digestion in humans are …………, …………, …………, …………, and …………
2. The largest gland in the human body is …………
3. The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and ………… juices which act on food.
4. The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger – like outgrowths called …………
5. Amoeba digests its food in the …………

Answer:

1. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion
2. Liver
3. Digestive
4. Villi
5. Food vacuole.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 MP Board Question 2.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

1. Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (T/F)
2. The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T/F)
3. The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T/F)
4. The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for some time. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. True (T)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)

Question 3.
Tick (S) mark the correct answer in each of the following:

Class 7th Science Chapter 2 MP Board Question (a)
Fat is completely digested in the –
(i) Stomach
(ii) Mouth
(iii) Small intestine
(iv) Large intestine
Answer:
(iii) Small intestine

Question (b)
Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the –
(i) Stomach
(ii) Food pipe
(iii) Small intestine
(iv) Large intestine
Answer:
(iv) Large intestine

Various Modes Of Feeding Class 7 Question 4.
Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:

Answer:

(i) (b)
(ii) (c)
(iii) (a).

Question 5.
What are villi? What is their location and function?
Answer:
The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger – like outgrowths, these are called villi. They are situated in the small intestine.
Functions of Villi:

1. The villi increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food.
2. Each villus has a network of thin and small blood vessels close to its surface.
3. The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.

The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by the body.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Question 6.
Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it digest?
Answer:
The liver secretes bile juice that is stored in a sea called gall bladder. Bile juice digests fat.

Question 7.
Name the types of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the reason also?
Answer:
The grass is rich in cellulose, a type of carbohydrate. Many animals including humans cannot digest cellulose. The cellulose can be digested by ruminants but not by humans because they have a large sac – like structure between the small intestine and large intestine. The cellulose of the food is digested here by the action of certain bacteria which are not present in humans.

Question 8.
Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Answer:
We get instant energy from glucose because glucose is the simplest form of carbohydrate which can be broken down easily to give energy.

Science Chapter 2 Class 7 Question 9.
Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:

1. Absorption of food ……………….
2. Chewing of food
3. ……………….
4. killing of bacteria …………………..
5. Complete digestion of food ………………….
6. Formation of faeces ……………….

Answer:

1. Small intestine
2. Buccal cavity
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine.

Question 10.
Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in Amoeba and human beings?
Answer:
Similarity:
Both amoeba and human use the process of digestion involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

Difference:
Human needs to chew food whereas in amoeba, there is no chewing.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Solutions Question 11.
Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II

Answer:

(a) (iii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (vii)
(e) (v)
(f) (vi).

Question 12.
Label Fig of the digestive system

Answer:

Table 2.1 Various Modes Of Feeding Class 7 Question 13.
Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.
Answer:
No, because to live healthy life we need a complete balance of all nutrients. Raw green vegetables may have cellulose which can not be digested by us. Thus, only green leafy vegetbles will not solve the purpose.

Extended Learning Activities and Project

Question 1.
Visit a doctor and find out:

1. Under what conditions does a patient need to be on a drip of glucose?
2. Till when does a patient need to be given glucose?
3. How does glucose help the patient recover?

Write the answers in your notebook.
Answer:

1. A patient is given glucose. When he/she is unable to eat food, unable to digest food.
2. Till the crisis is over.
3. Glucose chip has the following positive points to recover patient:

1. It need not be digested
2. It need not be eaten
3. It gives instant energy.

Class 7 Science Chapter Number 2 Question 2.
Find out what vitamins are and get the following information:

1. Why are vitamins necessary in the diet?
2. Which fruits or vegetables should be eaten regularly to get vitamins?

Answer:

1. Vitamins help to protect against diseases. They also help m proper functioning of body and brain.
2. All green leafy vegetables, fruits, milk, egg, butter, etc. provide vitamins.

Question 3.
Collect data from your friends, neighbours and classmates to know more about milk teeth?
Tabulate your data. One way of doing it is given below:

Find out from at least twenty children and find the average age. at which children lose the milk teeth. You may take help of your friends.
Answer:
Do with the help of your subject teacher.

Nutrition in Plants Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative:

Question (i)
Which one of the following is not an excretory organ –
(a) Oesophagus
(b) Skin
(c) Lever
(d) Kidney.
Answer:
(a) Oesophagus

Scraping Mode Of Feeding Question (ii)
How many times heart of an healthy person beats in one minute –
(a) 70
(b) 71
(c) 72
(d) 73.
Answer:
(c) 72

Question (iii)
Which organ produces bile –
(a) Liver
(b) Stomach
(c) Gall bladder
(d) Pancreas.
Answer:
(a) Liver

Organism Food Mode Of Feeding Question (iv)
The undigested food is eliminated through –
(a) Anus
(b) Lungs
(c) Caecum
(d) Colon.
Answer:
(a) Anus

Question (v)
The teeth which help in biting the food are –
(a) Incisors
(b) Canines
(c) Premolars
(d) Molars.
Answer:
(a) Incisors

Question (vi)
The number of molors present in a adult are –
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) 6

Class 7th Science Chapter 2 Question (vii)
The number of premolors present in a adult are –
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The breakdown of complex components of food into smaller substances is called …………….
2. The process of taking food into the body is called …………….
3. Our mouth has the salivary glands which secrete …………….
4. The acids gradually damage the teeth, this is called tooth …………….
5. The digestive juices break down the ……………. into simpler substances.
6. The bile plays an important role in the digestion of …………….
7. The grass is rich in …………….

Answer:

1. Digestion
2. Ingestion
3. Saliva
4. Decay
5. Proteins
6. fats
7. Cellulose.

MP Board Solution Class 7th Science Question 3.
Which of the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Animal nutrition includes nutrient requirement, mode of intake of food and its utilisation in the body.
2. The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and secretory glands.
3. The modes of feeding do not vary in different organisms.
4. The absorbed substances are transported to different parts of the body.
5. The undigested and unabsorbed residues are expelled out of the body as faces through the anus.
6. Amoeba ingests its food with the help of its false feet or pseudopodia.
7. Gastric juice is secreted by the small intestine.
8. An adult has 22 permanent teeth.
9. Mouth cavity contains salivary glands and teeth only.
10. We can taste food with our tongue.

Answer:

1. True (T)
2. True (T)
3. False (F)
4. True (T)
5. True (T)
6. True (T)
7. False (F)
8. False (F)
9. False (F)
10. True (T).

Question 4.
Match the items in Column A with Column B.

Answer:

(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c).

Nutrition in Plants  Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the largest gland of the human body?
Answer:
Liver.

Question 2.
Which chemical reaction takes place in internal respiration?
Answer:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon – di – oxide + Water + Energy.

Class 7 Science Chapter 2 Activities And Projects Question 3.
Give an example of an oxy respiration?
Answer:
In human beings.

Question 4.
Which organs of plants participate in respiration?
Answer:
There is no special organ in plants for breathing.

Question 5.
Write the names of various stages of digestion?
Answer:
The digestion process is completed in following stages:

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion

7th Standard Science Digest Question 6.
Write the name of secretion secreted in human stomach?
Answer:
Gastric juce and hydrochloric acid is secreted in human stomach.

Question 7.
What is the meaning of enzyme?
Answer:
The complex molecules of ingested food are decomposed into smaller molecules. This process takes place in presence of a special substance called as enzyme. Enzyme increases the spread of reaction.

Question 8.
In which part of food canal water is absorbed?
Answer:
Large intestine.

Question 9.
Write the digestive organs given below in proper sequence?
Large intestine → stomach mouth cavity → small intestine → anus oesophagus.
Answer:
Mouth cavity Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine →Anus.

Question 10.
Which are the excretory organs in humans?
Answer:
The excretory organs in human are kidney, skin, sweat and lever.

Nutrition In Animals Class 7 Table 2.1 Question 11.
Which is the excretory organ in paramoecium?
Answer:
The contracitile is the excretory organ in paramoecium.

Question 12.
Explain the digestion of food in stomach?
Answer:
The food halts here for longest time. Gastric juice and hydrochloric acid is secreted h£re. Proteins are digested here and food becomes acidic in nature due to presence of hydrochloric acid.

Question 13.
What is called excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the process of the removal of the waste product from the body of a plant or an animal. The different organisms eliminate their waste in different ways.

Question 14.
What is common between our nose, gills of a fish and stomata of leaves?
Answer:
All these organs are the respiratory organs. The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place through them. Thus they have similarities.

Class 7 Science Ch 2 Question 15.
Name five herbivores and five carnivores?
Answer:
Herbivores:
Cow goat, buffalow, horse and deer.

Carnivores:
Lion, frog, wolf, snake, peacock.

Question 16.
What is the function of saliva secreted by salivary glands?
Answer:
The functions of saliva are:

1. It makes the food soft and easy to swallow.
2. It also helps in digestion to small extent.

Question 17.
Name the four types of teeth?
Answer:
Incisor, canine, premolar and molar.

Question 18.
Which teeth do you use for biting and cutting?
Answer:
Inscisors are use for biting and cutting.

Question 19.
What is cud ?
Answer:
The partially digested food stored in rumen is called cud.

Question 20.
Write any two functions of villi?
Answer:

1. Villi provides space for food.
2. Digestive juice is secreted out from the digestive glands present in the villi in the embedded form.

Question 21.
What is anylase?
Answer:
Saliva contains an enzyme called anylase. Amylase acts on start and changes it into a sugar called maltose.

Question 22.
Define stomach?
Answer:
Stomach is a thick walled bag Its shape is like a flattened U and it is the widest part of the alimentary canal. It received food from the food pipe at one end and opens into the small intestine at the other.

Question 23.
Name all the parts of alimentary canal?
Answer:
The buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.

Nutrition in Plants Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by respiration?
Answer:
All the living organism penorm a number of vital activities. The energy is obtained by the oxidation of food or respiration. When the living organisms are completely at the stage of rest, even then they require some minimum amount of energy for the maintenance of cells and tissues. Thus, respiration is one of the most important process for the living organisms.

Question 2.
Write names of organs in sequence through which food passes starting from mouth?
Answer:
First of all food is taken in mouth with help of hands. Food passes further through various organs of food canal. The sequence is as following:
Mouth cavity → Pharynx – Oesophagus → stomach → Large intestine ←Duodenum Ileum

Question 3.
What things in our mouth help in physical and chemical digestion?
Answer:
The teeth and tongue help on physical digestion. The teeth help in cutting, crushing and chewing the food. The tongue helps in mixing the saliva with food. The enzymes and saliva secreted by salivary glands help in chemical digestion.

Question 4.
What makes the food move in digestive organ?
Answer:
The walls of the digestive organs are made of involuntary muscles. When the food enters into the food pope, the inner walls start contracting and expanding. These movements are called peristatic movements. This activity sends the food into digestive organs.

Question 5.
How will you prove that we exhale CO₂ gas during respiration?
Answer:
Pass the exhaled air given out by us into lime water. It will turn milky in colour. We know that CO₂ gas turn lime water milky. This confirms that we exhale CO₂ gas in respiration.

Question 6.
What organ helps amoeba to move from one place to another?
Answer:
In amoeba pseudopodia are present which are locomotory organs. By means of these pseudopodia, amoeba move from one place to another. A protuberance is developed in the direction in which amoeba has to move. Cytoplasm reaches in it, due to which pseudopodium is formed.

Question 7.
What is digestion?
Answer:
Digestion is a chemical process. It involves the conversion of the complex substances of the food into simpler water soluble substances by the action of the enzymes given out by the digestive glands. The body can utilise this food easily. The body absorbs the digested food and utilises it for getting energy.

Question 8.
Define:
1. Incisors
2. Canines.
Answer:
1. Incisors:
These are the flat front teeth. They have a sharp straight edge that help us to cut food and hence they are also called cutting teeth. There are four incisors in each jaw.

2. Canines:
These are the pointed teeth present on either side of the incisors. They help us to tear the food and hence they are called tearing teeth. There are two canines in each jaw.

Question 9.
Give a labelled diagram to show the location of taste buds on the tongue?
Answer:

Question 10.
Write down some functions of the tongue?
Answer:
We use our tongue for taking. Besides, it mixes saliva with the food during chewing and helps in swallowing food. We also taste food with our tongue. It has so many taste buds that detect different tastes of food

Question 11.
Draw a diagram to show the movement of the food in the alimentary canal?
Answer:

Question 12.
What is meant by diarrhoea? Explain.
Answer:
Sometime you may have experienced the need to pass watery stool frequently. This condition is known as diarrhoea. It may be caused by an infection, food poisoning or indigestion. It is very common in India, particularly among children. Under severe conditions it can be fatal. This is because of the excessive loss of water and salts from the body. Diarrhoea should not be neglected. Even before a doctor is consulted the patient should be given plenty of boiled and cooled water with a pinch of salt and sugar dissolved in it. This is called Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS).

Nutrition in Plants  Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain ingestion of food in Amoeba with diagram?
Answer:
The organs which ingests food in pseudopodium. The food is caught by encircling it with Pseudopodia. When it is totally encircled then it is taken inside cell.

Question 2.
Describe the respiratory system of human beings?
Answer:
The various respiratory organs alongwith their functions are:
Air enters through the nostrils in the nose. The air then enters the nasal cavity which leads to larynx or voice box. From the larynx the air passes into the wind pipe or trachea. The trachea bifurcates into two branches. These are called bronchi. Bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Later terminate in small thin wall air sacs called alveoli. The thin walls of the alveoli are provided with a network of blood capillaries. It is here that blood absorbs oxygen from alveoli and carbon dioxide from the blood enters the alveoli. From here the carbon dioxide is thrown out from the body. This process is called exhalation.

Question 3.
Describe in details the process of digestion in human beings?
Answer:
The various digestive organs and the process of digestion are:
1. Mouth, Teeth and Tongue:
The process of digestion beings with mouth. Food is taken inside the mouth, chewed into smaller pieces by the teeth. Mouth has few salivary glands which secrete saliva. The tongue helps in mixing saliva with food and swallowing the food.

2. Oesophagus:
Then the food enters into food pipe which is also called oesophagus. The wall of the oesophagus undergo peristaltic movements. This sends the food into the stomach.

3. Stomach:
Stomach is a bag like structure. Here the digestion of food starts. Here food is thoroughly mixed with the gastric juice secreted by gastric gland present in the stomach.

4. Small Intestine:
The process of digestion continues into small intestine. The upper part of the small intestine is called duodenum. In duodenum food is mixed with bile juice made by the liver and pancreatic juice from pancreas. The digested food is absorbed in the lower part of the small intestine by tiny projections called villi.

5. Large Intestine:
The undigested food now moves to the large intestine. Here water is absorbed and solid residue left behind called faeces.

6. Rectum and Anus:
The faeces then passer to rectum and expelled from the body through the anus.

Question 4.
Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of teeth in mouth?
Answer:

Question 5.
What is tooth decay? Explain.
Answer:
Normally bacteria are present in our mouth but they are not harmful to us. However, if we do not dean our teeth and mouth after eating, many harmful bacteria also begin to live and grow in it. These bacteria break down the sugars present from the leftover food and release acids. The acids gradually damage the teeth (Fig.). This is called tooth decay. If it is not treated in time, it causes severe toothache and in extreme cases results in tooth loss. Chocolates, sweets, cold drinks and other sugar products are the major culprits of tooth decay.

Therefore, one should clean the teeth with a brush or dantun and dental floss (a special strong thread which is moved between two teeth to take out trapped food particles) at least twice a day and rinse the mouth after every meal. Also, one should not put dirty fingers or any unwashed object in the mouth.

Question 6.
Explain excretion in human?
Answer:
Excretion is done by following organs:
1. Kidneys:
These excrete urea, salts, water etc., through urine.

2. Skin:
Skin possesses sweet glands. These glands absorb urea, salts and a large quantity of water from the blood capillaries near by and excrete them through their pores on the skin in the form of sweet.

3. Liver:
Liver is not a direct excretory organ. Liver cells convert more toxic ammonia into less toxic urea and uric acid and then pass them to the kidneys through the blood for excretion.

Liver also censer toxic substances. It remove bile salts in bile juice. These bile salts are formed due to break down of heamoglobin. If bile salts are not removed. They cause jaundice. Bile salts are removed through intestine.

4. Lungs:
It excretes gases like carbon dioxide, ammonia and water vapours.

5. Large Intestine:
It excretes undigested solid food waste (faeces).

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical Changes

Activities

Activity 1
Make a list of eight changes you have noticed from your surroundings.
Answer:
The changes are as:

1. Motion of fan
2. Lighting of a tubelight
3. Vaporisation of water
4. Melting of ice
5. Sound produced by radio
6. Blooming of flower
7. Changing of day and night
8. Changing of the shape of sun.

Activity 2
Try to indentify changes that you observe around you as physical or chemical changes.
Answer:

Physical and Chemical Changes Text book Exercises

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 6 Question 1.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes?

1. Photosynthesis
2. Dissolving sugar in water
3. Burning of coal
4. Melting of wax
5. Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
6. Digestion of food

Answer:

1. Chemical change
2. Physical change
3. Chemical change
4. Physical change
5. Physical change
6. Chemical change.

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false. In case a statement is false, write the corrected statement in you notebook?

1. Cutting a log food into pieces is a chemical change. (T/F)
2. Formation are from leaves is a physical change. (T/F)
3. Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily. (T/F)
4. Iron and rust are the same substances. (T/F)
5. Condensation of steam is not a chemical change. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)
5. True (T)

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Question 3.
Fill in the blanks in the following statements:

1. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of ……………
2. The chemical name of baking soda is ……………
3. Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are …………… and ……………
4. Changes in which only …………… properties of a substance change are called physical changes.
5. Changes in which new substances are formed are called …………… changes.

Answer:

1. calcium carbonate
2. Sodium hydrogen carbonate
3. coating, galvanization
4. physical
5. chemical

Question 4.
When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of changes is it? Explain.
Answer:
It is a chemical change. When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas carbaon – dioxide.
Lemon juice + Baking soda Carbon dioxide + Lime water.

Class 7th Science Chapter 6 Question 5.
When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical changes take place?
Answer:
Melting of wax is a physical change while burning of candle is a chemical change. Lightning torch bulb using dry cell is another example where both physical and chemical changes takes place. The lighting of the bulb is physical change while current from the dry cell is obtained by the chemical substances inside it.

This is chemical change because the chemicals in the cell get converted into new substances and hence the cell ultimately becomes useless.

Question 6.
How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical change?
Answer:
The conversion of milk into curd, i.e., setting of curd is a permanent as well as irreversible and lead to the production of a new substance. The curd is not be converted into milk. Thus, the formation of curd is a chemical change.

Question 7.
Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered as two different types of changes.
Answer:
Burning of a wood is a chemical change because in addition to new products burning is always accompanied by production of heat. Cutting of wood into small pieces is a physical change because pieces of wood under went changes in size and no new substances is formed.

7th Class Science 6th Lesson Questions And Answers Question 8.
Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared?
Answer:
Take a cupful of water in a beaker and add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Heat the water. When it starts boiling add copper sulphate powder slowly while stirring continuiously (fig.). Continue adding copper sulphate powder, till no more powder can be dissolved. Filter the solution. Allow it to cool.

Do not disturb the solution when it is cooling. Look at the solution after some time. Can you see the crystals of copper sulphate? If not, wait for some more time. Crystals of copper sulphate slowly from at the bottom of the beaker.

Question 9.
Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting?
Answer:
For rusting, iron must be in contact with both air and moisture. When iron gate is painteel the layer of paint cuts the contact between air, moisture and iron. Thus, it prevents rusting.

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 MP Board Question 10.
Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts?
Answer:
The water of coastal areas containing many salts. The salt water makes the process of rust formation faster. Thus, rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than deserts.

Question 11.
The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquified petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exist as a liquid. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change A) then it burns (Change B). The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.

1. Process – A is a chemical change.
2. Process – B is a chemical change.
3. Both processes – A and B are chemical changes.
4. None of these processes is a chemical change.

Answer:
3. Both processes – A and B are chemical changes.

Physical And Chemical Changes Class 7 Question 12.
Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (Change A). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Change B). The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.

1. Process – A is a chemical change.
2. Process – B is a chemical change.
3. Both processes – A and B are chemical changes.
4. None of these processes is a chemical change.

Answer:
3. Both processes – A and B are chemical changes.

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects

Class 7th Science Chapter 6 Question Answer Question 1.
Describe two changes that are harmful. Explain why you consider them harmful. How can you prevent them?
Answer:
1. Spoilage of Food:
Food items when kept carelessly, get spoiled. This is a chemical change and obviously harmful for our health. Basically, the food is spoiled by microorganisms.

Preventation of Food Spoilage:
Microorganisms do not survive high or low temperature. So, food items stored in refrigerator do not spoil. Also, we should keep them covered, so that microorganism do not get any change to spoil them.

2. Rusting:
If a piece of iron is left in open for some time, it acquires a film of brownish substance. This substance is called rust and the process is called rusting.

Iron benches kept in parks, gardens and lawns, iron gates of parks, farm houses, houses; almost every article of iron, kept in open gets rusted.

The process of rusting can be represented by the following equation:
Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (O₂, from the air) + water (H₂O) → Rust (ironoxide, Fe₂O₃)
For rusting, the presence of both water (or water vapour) and oxygen is essential. Rusting is harmful because, it destorys the iron objects. Iron is the most widely used metal and so rusting is a serious problem.

Preventation of rusting:
It can be prevented by preventing iron things from coming in contact with water, oxygen, or both. One simple way is to apply a coat of paint or grease. In fact, these coats should be applied regularly to prevent rusting.

Another way is to deposit a layer of a metal like chromium or zinc on iron. This process is called galvanisation. Generally the iron pipes, which are used in our homes for water supply are galvanised to prevent rusting.

Question 2.
Take three glass bottles with wide mouths. Label them, A, B and C. Fill about half of bottle A with ordinary tap water. Fill bottle B with water which has been boiled for several minutes, to the same level as in A. In bottle C, take the same boiled water and of the same amount as in other bottles. In each bottle put a few similar iron nails so that they are completely under water. Add a teaspoonful of cooking oil to the water in bottle C so that it forms a film on its surface. Put the bottles away for a few days. Take out nails from each bottle and observe them. Explain your observations?
Answer:
The nails in bottle B rust a little, nails in bottle A are the most rusted and that is bottle C remain unchanged. For rusting both oxygen and water are necessary. Both of these factors are present in the bottle A, since oxygen is dissolved in water. In bottle B, water is boiled and hence dissolved air is removed. Due to lack of oxygen, iron nail does not rust much. In bottle C, the layer of oil present dissolution of air in the water and hence no rusting occurs.

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Question Answer In English Question 3.
Prepare crystals of alum.
Answer:
Take a cupful of water in a beaker and add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Heat the water. When it starts boiling add copper sulphate powder slowly while stirring continuiously (fig.). Continue adding copper sulphate powder, till no more powder can be dissolved. Filter the solution. Allow it to cool.

Do not disturb the solution when it is cooling. Look at the solution after some time. Can you see the crystals of copper sulphate? If not, wait for some more time. Crystals of copper sulphate slowly from at the bottom of the beaker.

Question 4.
Collect information about the types of fuels used for cooking in you area. Discuss with your teachers/ parents/ others which fuels are less polluting and why?
Answer:
The different fuels used for cooking are wood, cow – dung cake, kerosene, biogas and LPG. Among all of these, biogas and LPG are least polluting. Both of these burn completely and do not give smoke. Also there is no residue i.e. ash after burning. Thus, these fuels are less polluting.

Physical and Chemical Changes Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative

Physical And Chemical Changes Class 7 Keywords Question (i)
Which of the following is not a chemical change –
(a) Digestion of food
(t) Burning of oaal
(c) Curdling of milk
(d) Melting Of ice.
Answer:
(d) Melting Of ice.

Question (ii)
Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a sub-stance are called its –
(a) Chemical properties
(b) Physical properties
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Physical properties

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Exercise Question (iii)
The substances formed as a result of chemical reaction are called –
(a) Materials
(b) Products
(c) Reactants
(d) ingredients.
Answer:
(b) Products

Question (iv)
Rusting of iron is a
(a) Slow reaction
(b) Fast reaction
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Slow reaction

7th Science Chapter 6 Question (v)
Qutub minar was built more than years ago –
(a) 1600
(b) 1650
(c) 1700
(d) 1800.
Answer:
(a) 1600

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. A physical change is generally ……………..
2. A chemical change is also called a …………….. reaction.
3. Chemical changes are very important in our ……………..
4. Ozone layer protects us from the harmful …………….. radiation which come from the sun.
5. Oxygen is …………….. from ozone.
6. If the content of moisture in air is high, which means if it is more humid, rusting becomes ……………..
7. The process of depositing a layer of zinc on iron is called ……………..
8. Stainless steel does …………….. rust.
9. In chemical changes …………….. substances are produced.
10. Burning of coal, wood or leaves is a …………….. change.

Answer:

1. Reversible
2. Chemical
3. Lives
4. Ultraviolet
5. Different
6. Faster
7. Galvanisation
8. Hot
9. New
10. Chemical.

Ch 6 Science Class 7 Question 3.
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Conversion of milk into curd is a physical change.
2. A physical change is generally reversible.
3. On dissolving the ash in water it forms a new substance.
4. When carbon dioxide is passed throuth lime water, calcium carbonate is formed, which makes lime water milky.
5. Chemical changes are not important in our lives.
6. All new substances are formed as a result of chemical changes.
7. A medicine is the end product of a chain of chemical reactions.
8. Stainless steel is made by mixing iron with carbon and metals.

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. True (T)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)
5. False (F)
6. True (T)
7. True (T)
8. True (T).

Question 4.
Match the items in Column A with Column B:

Answer:

(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)

Physical and Chemical Changes Very Short  Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Define a physical change.
Answer:
The change in which the identity of the substance does not change is called a physical change.

7th Class Chapter 6 Science Question 2.
Give any one characteristic of a physical change.
Answer:
No new substance is formed as a result of physical change.

Question 3.
List two physical changes.
Answer:

1. Change of an iron bar to a magnet.
2. Melting of ice.

Question 4.
Complete the following:

1. In a physical change the state of the substance is ………….. if cause of the change is removed.
2. In a physical change only ……………… physical properties of the substance are

Answer:

1. Restored
2. Changed.

Class 7th Science Chapter 6 Exercise Question 5.
Define a chemical change.
Answer:
It is the change in which identity of the substance is changed and a new substance is formed-

Question 6.
Which of the following is true in case of a chemical change:

1. Identity of the substance does not change.
2. No, new substance is formed.
3. Only physical properties of the substance are changed.
4. Chemical properties of the substance are changed.

Answer:
4. Chemical properties of the substance are changed.

Question 7.
Give any one important characteristic of a chemical change?
Answer:
In this change new substance is formed.

Science 7th Class Chapter 6 Question 8.
Give any two examples of a physical change?
Answer:

1. Dissolution of common salt (or sugar) in water.
2. Magnetisation of an iron piece and demagnetisation of a magnet.

Question 9.
Is glowing of an electric bulb is a physical change or chemical ?
Answer:
Physical change.

Question 10.
List any two chemical changes with which we come across in our daily life.
Answer:

1. Durdling of milk, and
2. Digestion of food.

Science 6 Chapter Class 7 Question 11.
Classify the following into physical change and chemical change:

(a) Souring of kneaded flour
(b) Change of sugarcane juice to vinegar
(c) Evaporation of water
(d) Change of an iron rod to a magnet
(e) Pickling
(f) Dissolving common salt in water
(g) Change of cattle dung to biogas
(h) Glowing of an electric bulb.

Answer:

Physical change: (c), (d), (f), (h).
Chemical change: (a), (b), (e), (g).

Question 12.
Give one difference between physical and chemical change.
Answer:
In a physical change new substance is not formed, whereas in a chemical change new substance is formed.

Class 7 Science Ch 6 Exercise Question 13.
Are the following changes physical or chemical:

1. Burning of candle
2. Preparation of soap from oil and caustic soda
3. Dissolving sugar in cone, sulphuric acid, and
4. conversion of grape juice to wine.

Answer:
Chemical change.

Question 14.
Pick up chemical changes out of the following:

(a) Souring of milk
(b) Making of ice – cream
(c) Burning of a candle
(d) Lighting of an electric bulb
(e) Respiration
(f) Heating of ammonium chloride
(g) Melting of wax.
(h) Breaking a chalk.

Answer:

Physical change: (b), (d), (f), (g), (h).
Chemical change: (a), (c), (e).

Class 7th Science Ch 6 Question Answer Question 15.
What are main points under which physical changes can be classified?
Answer:
The three main points viz. change in state, dispersion in solution, magnetisation and electrical changes.

Question 16.
Define rate of a chemical reaction.
Answer:
The rate of reaction is the quantity of products obtained per unit time from the reactant.

Question 17.
List a fast reaction.
Answer:
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ ↑

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Keywords Definition Question 18.
List the factors which influence the rate of a chemical reaction.
Answer:

1. Nature and state of reactants
2. Temperature
3. Concentration of the reactants
4. Catalyst.

Question 19.
What happens when temperature of a chemical reaction increases?
Answer:
Rate of reaction increases.

Physical and Chemical Changes Short Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How can you say that burning of coal and passing of electric current through water are chemical changes?
Answer:
Burning of coal:
When coal is burnt carbon dioxide gas is formed and ash is left behind as residue. Thus, new substances with new properties are formed. It is because the molecular structure of carbon-dioxide and coal are quite different from that of coal. Further more coal cannot be obtained back, hence it is a permanent change. So, it is a chemical change.

Passing of electric currnet through water:
When electric current is passed throuth water it decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen. The molecular structure of the later viz. H₂ and O₂ is different from that of H₂O, therefore the change is a chemical one.

Science Chapter 6 Class 7 Solutions Question 2.
Define a physical change?
Answer:
Physical change:
A physical change is a change in the physical properties (colour, state, density etc.) and does not involve a change in molecular structure. No new substance is formed and the change can be reversed by ordinary physical means.

Question 3.
Prove that evaporation of water and heating of iron to redness are physical changes?
Answer:
When water is heated, it changes into steam. No new substance has been formed because the molecular structures of water and steam are the same. Water has merely undergone a change in form (liquid → gas).

Further steam can be converted back into water just by the process of cooling therefore, this is a temporary change. Similary when iron is heated to redness, it is a temporary change in colour because on cooling iron is obtained back in its original form.

Class 7th Ch 6 Science Question 4.
How can you argue that the following changes are physical changes:

1. Dissolution of sugar in water
2. Melting of wax
3. Lighting of bulb
4. Breaking of a chalk stick.

Answer:
1. Dissolution of sugar in water:
Is a physical change because no new substance is formed. On boiling off water, sugar can be obtained back.

2. Melting of wax:
When wax is heated in a dish, it melts but its composition does not change. On cooling we get back wax.

3. Lighting of bulb:
When an electric bulb is lighted by-passing electric current, the filament glows and emits light. But no new substance is formed. So it is a temporary change.

4. Breaking of a chalk stick:
When a chalk breaks, no new substance is formed. The identity of chalk aslo does not change. Therefore, it is a physical change.

Question 5.
Dispersion of a substance is a physical change or chemical one.
Answer:
Dispersion in solution:
This is also a physical change in many cases. The solute molecules get dispersed amongst the solvent molecules. They do not suffer a change in molecular structure and the solute can be recovered unchanged by cation of the solvent.

Question 6.
Give some chemical reactions which occurs in our daily life.
Answer:
Some important chemical reactions that occur in our daily life are:

1. Respiration (during respiration oxidation of glucose takes place).
2. Digestion of food.
3. Combustion of fuels.
4. Ripening of fruits.
5. Cooking of food.
6. Rusting of iron.

Question 7.
Explain that change in state is nothing but a physical change?
Answer:
Change in state:
All the substances can be transformed to gases, liquids or solids by changing temperature or the other physical conditions. In the solid state the constituent particles are ordred. In the liquid state they are less ordered; in the gaseous state they are most disordered. So, the physical state of a substance can be changed by application of energy.

Thus, changes of a solid to liquid i.e., melting of a solid, change of vapour to liquid etc. can be reversed by application of enerty i.e., either by supplying heat or by cooling. This leads to the conclusion that change of state is nothing but a physical change.

Question 8.
Why heating of a metal say platinum, to redness is a physical change?
Answer:
When platinum is heated to redness it glows. This is only due to temporary excitement of electrons in its atoms. When we stop heating in electrons get unexcited and consequently it ceases glowing. Therefore, change under consideration is definitely a physical change.

Question 9.
Explain as to why the following changes are chemical changes?

1. Rusting of iron
2. Souring of milk
3. Burning of magnesium
4. Pickling.

Answer:
1. Rusting of iron:
During the phenomenon new substances viz. iron oxide etc. are formed on the surface of iron. Iron cannot be obtained back from rust. So, rusting of iron is a chemical change.

2. Souring of milk:
As a result of souring of milk new sub¬stances are formed which cannot be converted back to milk, hence souring of milk is a chemical change.

3. Burning of magnesium:
When Mg burns new substance viz. magnesium oxide is formed, which cannot be converted back to magnesium and oxygen. Therefore burning of magnesium is a chemical change.
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO

4. Pickling:
Pickling is nothing but the fermentation of the vegetable. Pickled vegetables cannot be changed back to fresh vegetables. Hence, it is also a chemical changed.

Question 10.
Give brief distinction between physical change and chemical change.
Answer:
Distinction between physical and chemical changes:
Physical Change:

• Change in physical properties.
• Temporary change.
• Composition of matter does not change.
• No new substance is formed.
• Can be reversed by physical means.
• Not accompanied by large energy changes.
• No change in weight.

Chemical Change:

• Change in chemical properties.
• More or less a permanent change.
• Composition of matter changes.
• New substance is formed.
• Cannot be reversed easily.
• Accompanied by large energy changes.
• Though total mass remains constant, mass of individual substance changes.

Question 11.
Is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water a physical changes?
Answer:
Hydrogen chloride is a covalent molecule. In solution it becomes electrovalent. The hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule to form hydronium ion. The properties of the solution are entirely different. There is a change in molecular structure and so as per our definition it is a chemical change.

Question 12.
Is an allotropic change a chemical change?
Answer:
The constituent atoms are identical in allotropes but allotropy is caused by change in molecular structure. Oxygen gas contains two atoms in each molecule but ozone contains three. In many cases the chemical as well as physical properties are different. So we have to conclude that allotropic change is a chemical change.

Question 13.
Is the cooking of rice a physical change?
Answer:
In cooking the fast molecules of boiling water pierce the walls of the cell in which strach is enclosed and release the starch. Sight hydrolysis also takes place. But the change is physical to a major extent since most of the starch remains unchanged.

Question 14.
What type of change is sublimation of ammonium chloride?
Answer:
Ammonium chloride on heating splits up into gases ammonia and hydrogen chloride. These gaseous products recombine on cooling to give the original salt. The apparent physical change is the result of two distinct chemical changes decomposition and combination. Sublimation can also be a physical change when the sub – stance is below its triple point and the change to vapour and back to solid state takes place directly, but in the case of ammonium chloride and many other compounds dissociation occurs.

Question 15.
Magnetisation of an iron bar is a physical change. Explain.
Answer:
Magnetisation of an iron bar:
Magnetisation caused by alignment of constituent atoms [figs, (a) and (b)] and as such it is to be considered only as a physical change. Charging and discharging of a condenser a temporary and physical change.

Physical and Chemical Changes Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Give in detail the distinction between physical and chemical changes?
Answer:
Distinction between physical and chemical changes:
As already stated a chemical change involves a change in the structure of the molecules while a physical change does not involve a change in molecular structure. This definition is comprehensive and all other characteristic of a chemical change can be deduced easily as floows.

1. During a chemical change new substances with new properties are produced:
Change in molecular structure means a new substance with new properties. On the other hand, a physical change does not involve a change in the molecular structure.

2. A chemical change is a permanent change and the original substance is not got back by reversing the conditions. A physical change is temporary and exist only as long as the imposed conditions exist. A physical change can be reversed by reversing the conditions.

3. No change, physical or chemical can take place without energy change. A large amount of heat energy has to be given to convert water into steam. But the energy involved in chemical changes is generally far greater than that involved in physical changes.

4. A chemical change means a physical change also, because won news substances with new properties are produced the physical state and physical properties are altered.

Question 2.
Give a detailed account of modem approach of physical and chemical changes?
Answer:
Modern approach of physical and chemical changes:
As your studies in science progress you will appreciate the point of view that all changes are chemical changes. Chemical changes are changes in structure. Minor electronic changes do occure even when a physical change takes place. In solids, subjected to heat, the ions oscillate with increasing amplitude and electrons move with greater speeds in expanded orbitals. Breaking a piece of diamond is an accepted chemical change because covalent chemical bonds are broken in the process. The same is happening when any substance is broken.

Thedivision into physical and chemical changes is, therefore, purely a matter of convenience. The three types of changes are classified as fallows:

1. Physical change:
Slight changes in outer electron states. Comparatively less energy change. No change in molecular patterns. No change in nucleonic pattern.

2. Chemical change:
Change in molecular pattern. Large scale energy change. Rearrangement, of electronic orbitals. No change in nucleonic pattern.

Question 3.
What are slow and fast reactions? Give example.
Answer:
A reaction can be called slow or fast depending upon the speed rate of reaction.
Whenever elements and compounds react their reaction is said to be slow if the rate of the reaction, i.e., the quantity of products obtained per unit time from the reactants, is slow.
Example:

1. Rusting of iron is a slow reaction.
2. When a copper vessel kept in moist air it gets greenished due to the formation of basic copper carbonate. To the contrary if the speed or the rate of the reaction is fast, than the reaction is said to be the fast reaction.

Example:
By adding sodium chloride in silver nitrate solution, immediately a white ppt. appears. It is a fast reaction i.e.,

Question 4.
What is a chemical reaction? Give an example.
Answer:
A reaction in which the following are being occurred is called a chemical reaction:

1. Absorption or liberation of heat or any other form of energy.
2. Change in the identity of the combining substances i.e., the reactants.
3. Collision among the reactant molecules.
4. Use of some catalyst or provision of some form of energy to the reactants for initiation of reaction.

Example:
1. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide alongwith the liberation of hydrogen gas.
The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:
2Na + 2H₂O → NaOH + H₂

2. Lime stone, on heating, liberates carbon dioxide.
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.1

MP Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Question 1.
Solve:

Solution:

Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 MP Board Question 2.
Arrange the following in descending order:

Solution:
(i)
\(\frac{2}{9}, \frac{2}{3}, \frac{8}{21}\)
Converting them into like fractions, we obtain

Converting them into like fractions, we obtain

MP Board Class 7th Maths Chapter 2 Question 3.
In a “magic square”, the sum of the numbers in each row, in each column and along the diagonals is the same. Is this a magic square?

(Along the first row \(\frac{4}{11}+\frac{9}{11}+\frac{2}{11}=\frac{15}{11}\)).
Solution:
Sum along the first row

Since, the sum of the numbers in each row, in each column and along the diagonals is the same.
Yes, it is a magic square.

Copies the value of a 1/32 to decimal number.

Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 Solutions Question 4.
A rectangular sheet of paper is \(12 \frac{1}{2}\) cm long and \(10 \frac{2}{3}\) cm wide. Find its perimeter.
Solution:
Length = \(12 \frac{1}{2}\) cm = \(\frac{25}{2}\) cm and
Breadth \(=10 \frac{2}{3} \mathrm{cm}=\frac{32}{3} \mathrm{cm}\)
Perimeter = 2 × (Length + Breadth)

Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 Question 1 Question 5.
Find the perimeters of
(i) ∆ABE
(ii) the rectangle BCDE in this figure. Whose perimeter is greater?

Solution:
(i) Perimeter of rectangle
∆ABE = AB + BE + EA

(ii) Perimeter of rectangle BCDE = 2(BE+DE)


So, \(\frac{177}{20}>\frac{47}{6}\)
Thus, perimeter of ∆ABE is greater

Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 Question 3 Question 6.
Salil wants to put a picture in a frame. The picture is \(7 \frac{3}{5}\) cm wide. To fit in the frame the picture cannot be more than \(7 \frac{3}{10}\) cm wide. How much should the picture be trimmed?
Solution:

Class 7th Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 Solutions Question 7.
Ritu ate 2 part of an apple and the remaining apple was eaten by her brother Somu. How much part of the apple did Somu eat? Who had the larger share? By how much?
Solution:
Part of an apple eaten by Ritu = \(\frac{3}{5}\)
Part of an apple eaten by Somu = 1 – (Part of an apple eaten by Ritu)

MP Board Solution Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Question 8.
Michael finished colouring a picture in \(\frac{7}{12}\) hour. Vaibhav finished colouring the same picture in \(\frac{3}{4}\) hour. Who worked longer?
Solution:

Converting these fractions into like fractions, we obtain

MP Board Class 7th Maths Solutions

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions Chapter 14 लोकमान्यतिलकः Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi Chapter 14 लोकमान्यतिलकः

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 अभ्यासः

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 MP Board प्रश्न 1.
एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो
(क) लोकमान्यतिलकः कः आसीत्? [लोकमान्य तिलक कौन थे?]
उत्तर:
महान देशभक्तः

(ख) तिलक: केन उपाधिना विभूषितः? [तिलक किस उपाधि से विभूषित थे?]
उत्तर:
लोकमान्यः इति

(ग) तिलकस्य प्रभावेण देशे का सञ्जाता? [तिलक के प्रभाव से देश में क्या हो गई?]
उत्तर:
नवचेतना

(घ) तिलकः कस्मिन् मासे दिवङ्गतः? [तिलक किस महीने में स्वर्गवासी हो गये?]
उत्तर:
अगस्तमासे

(ङ) कस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति? [प्रभु किसकी सहायता करता है?]
उत्तर:
कर्मशीलस्य।

MP Board Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 2.
एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो
(क) तिलकस्य जन्मस्थानं कुत्र अस्ति? [तिलक का जन्म स्थान कहाँ है?]
उत्तर:
तिलकस्य जन्म स्थानं महाराष्ट्र प्रान्ते रत्नगिरि मण्डले अस्ति। [तिलक का जन्म स्थान महाराष्ट्र प्रान्त के रत्नगिरि मण्डल में है।]

(ख) तिलकस्य जनकः कः आसीत? [तिलक के पिता कौन थे?]
उत्तर:
तिलकस्य जनकः गङ्गाधरः एक कुशल शिक्षकः लेखकः च आसीत्। [तिलक के पिता गंगाधर एक कुशल शिक्षक और लेखक थे।]

(ग) तिलकः छात्रजीवने कं निश्चयम् अकरोत्? [तिलक ने छात्र जीवन में क्या निश्चय किया था?]
उत्तर:
तिलक: छात्रजीवने निश्चयम् अकरोत् यत् “अहं शासकीय सेवां न करिष्यामि” आजीवनं भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतायाः कृते सङ्घर्षम् करिष्यामि च। [तिलक ने छात्र जीवन में निश्चय किया कि “मैं शासकीय सेवा नहीं करूंगा।” आजीवन भारत की स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष करूंगा।

(घ) तिलकेन कः ग्रन्थः रचितः? [तिलक ने किस ग्रंथ की रचना की?]
उत्तर:
तिलकेन ‘गीतारहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थम् अरचयत्। [तिलक ने ‘गीता रहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थ की रचना की।]

(ङ) तिलकः किम् अघोषयत्? [तिलक ने क्या घोषणा की?]
उत्तर:
तिलकः अघोषयत् “स्वराज्य मम जन्मसिद्धः अधिकारः अस्ति।” [तिलक ने घोषणा की “स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।”]

MP Board Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 3.
रेखांकित शब्द के आधार पर प्रश्न निर्माण करो
(क) लोकमान्य तिलक: महान् देशभक्तः आसीत्।
(ख) तिलकः राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते संलग्नः अभवत्।
(ग) जनजागरणस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणोशोत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्।
(घ) कर्मशीलस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति।
(ङ) तिलकः भारतभालस्य ‘तिलकम्’ इव भाति।
उत्तर:
(क) कः महान् देशभक्तः अस्ति?
(ख) तिलकः कस्य कृते संलग्नः अभवत्?
(ग) कस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणोशेत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्?
(घ) कस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति?
(ङ) कः भारतभालस्य ‘तिलकम्’ इव भाति।

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 14 Question Answer प्रश्न 4.
अधोलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्दों को लिखो
(क) जनकः
(खा) निर्भयः
(ग) मिथ्या
(घ) परमेश्वरः
(ङ) भालः।
उत्तर:
(क) पिता
(ख) भयरहितः
(ग) असत्यम्
(घ) परमात्मा
(ङ) मस्तकः।

Sanskrit Class 7 Chapter 14 प्रश्न 5.
अधोलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्दों को लिखो
(क) निर्दोषः
(ख) स्वतन्त्रता
(ग) अस्ति
(घ) जन्म
(ङ) उद्यमहीनः
उत्तर:
(क) सदोषः
(ख) परतन्त्रता
(ग) नास्ति
(घ) मरणम्
(ङ) कर्मशीलः।

Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 MP Board प्रश्न 6.
उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थानों को पूरा करो-
(लोकमान्यः, भारतभालस्य, अस्माकं, संलग्नः, अगस्तमासस्य)
(क) तिलक: राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते ………….. अभवत्।
(ख) तिलकमहोदयः ……….. देशस्य गौरवम्।
(ग) ……….. प्रथमदिनाङ्के १९२० तमे वर्षे सः दिवङ्गतः।
(घ) तिलकः …………. तिलकम् इव भाति।
(ङ) सः ………… इति उपाधिना विभूषितः।
उत्तर:
(क) संलग्नः
(ख) अस्माकं
(ग) अगस्तमासस्य
(घ) भारतभालस्य
(ङ) लोकमान्यः।

Class 7th Sanskrit Chapter 14 प्रश्न 7.
सन्धि करो
(क) शिवराज + उत्सवः
(ख) गणेश + उत्सवः
(ग) तस्य + उपरि
(घ) परम + आत्मा
(ङ) परम + ईश्वरः।
उत्तर:
(क) शिवराजोत्सवः
(ख) गणेशोत्सवः
(ग) तस्योपरि
(घ) परमात्मा
(ङ) परमेश्वरः।

Sanskrit Chapter 14 Class 7 प्रश्न 8.
चतुर्थी विभक्ति के स्थान पर षष्ठी विभक्ति के साथ ‘कृते’ शब्द जोड़कर लिखो।
(क) त्यागाय
(ख) ग्रामाय
(ग) नगराय
(घ) विद्यालयाय
(ङ) समाजाय।
उत्तर:
(क) त्यागस्य कृते
(ख) ग्रामस्य कृते
(ग) नगरस्य कृते
(घ) विद्यालयस्य कृते
(ङ) समाजस्य कृते।

लोकमान्यतिलकः हिन्दी अनुवाद

लोकमान्यबालगङ्गाधरतिलकः महान देशभक्तः आसीत्। महाराष्ट्रप्रान्ते रत्नगिरिमण्डले जुलाईमासस्य त्रयोविंशतितमे दिनाङ्के, १८५६ ख्रिस्ताब्दे तस्य जन्म अभवत्। तस्य जनकः गङ्गाधरः कुशलशिक्षकः लेखकः च आसीत्।

तिलकः गणितस्य, संस्कृतभाषायाः, विधिशास्त्रस्य च प्रकाण्डपण्डितः आसीत्। सः छात्रजीवने एव निश्चयम् अकरोत् यत् “अहं शासकीयसेवां न करिष्यामि।” आजीवनं भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रतायाः कृते सङ्घर्षं करिष्यामि च इति। – सः अघोषयत्, ‘स्वराज्यं मम जन्मसिद्धः अधिकारः अस्ति।’

अनुवाद :
लोकमान्य बालगंगाधर तिलक महान देशभक्त थे। महाराष्ट्र प्रान्त के रत्नगिरि मण्डल में जुलाई के महीने की तेईसवीं तारीख को सन् १८५६ में उनका जन्म हुआ। उनके पिता गंगाधर एक कुशल शिक्षक और लेखक थे।

तिलक गणित के, संस्कृत भाषा के तथा विधिशास्त्र (कानून) के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। उन्होंने छात्रजीवन में ही निश्चय कर लिया था कि “मैं शासकीय सेवा नहीं करूँगा।” और जीवनपर्यन्त भारत की आजादी के लिए संघर्ष करूँगा।

उन्होंने घोषणा की “स्वराज्य मेरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार है।”

तिलकः राष्ट्रसेवायाः कृते संलग्नः अभवत्। जनजागरणस्य कृते सः शिवराजोत्सवस्य गणेशोत्सवस्य च प्रारम्भम् अकरोत्। सः केसरी-मराठेति समाचारपत्रयोः सम्पादनं च अकोरत्। तिलकमहोदयस्य प्रभावेण देशे स्वतन्त्रायै नवचेतना सञ्जाता। सः लोकमान्यः इति उपाधिना विभूषितः। तस्य प्रभावम् असहमानाः आंग्लाः तस्योपरि राजद्रोहस्य मिथ्याभियोगं न्यायालये प्रस्तुतवन्तः। न्यायाधीशेन सः षट्वर्षभोग्येन कारावासेन दण्डितः। सः निर्भयम् अवदत्, “अस्मात् न्यायालयात् परमेश्वरस्य न्यायालयः उच्चतरः अस्ति। तस्मिन् अहं निर्दोषः अस्मि।” कारागारे सः ‘गीतारहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थम् अरचयत्।

अनुवाद :
तिलक राष्ट्रसेवा के लिए संलग्न हो गये। जनजागरण के लिए उन्होंने शिवराजोत्सव को और गणेशोत्सव को प्रारम्भ किया। उन्होंने केसरी और मराठा नामक दो समाचार पत्रों का सम्पादन किया। तिलक महोदय के प्रभाव से देश में स्वतन्त्रता के लिए नवचेतना उत्पन्न हो गयी। उन्हें लोकमान्य की उपाधि से विभूषित किया। उनके प्रभाव को सहन न करते हुए अंग्रेजों ने उनके ऊपर राजद्रोह का झूठा अभियोग न्यायालय में प्रस्तुत किया। न्यायाधीश ने उन्हें छः वर्ष तक के कारावास भोगने से दण्डित किया। उन्होंने निर्भय होकर कहा-“इस न्यायालय से परमात्मा का न्यायालय अपेक्षाकृत ऊँचा है। उसमें मैं निर्दोष हूँ।” कारागार में ही उन्होंने ‘गीता रहस्य’ नामक ग्रन्थ की रचना की।

सः महान् कर्मयोगी आसीत्। सः अकथयत् “उद्यमहीनस्य सहायतां परमात्मा अपि न करोति। कर्मशीलस्य सहायतां प्रभुः करोति।”

अगस्तमासस्य प्रथमदिनाङ्के १९२० तमे वर्षे सः दिवंगतः। सत्यम्! बालगङ्गाधरतिलकमहोदयः अस्माकं देशस्य गौरवम्।

केनापि सुष्ठुउक्तम्, “तिलकः” भारतभालस्य तिलकम्’ इव भाति।

अनुवाद :
वे महान कर्मयोगी थे। उन्होंने कहा था-“उद्यमहीन की (आलसी की) सहायता परमात्मा भी नहीं करता है। कर्मशील (व्यक्ति) की सहायता प्रभु करते हैं।”

अगस्त महीने की पहली तारीख को सन् १९२० ई. में उनका स्वर्गवास हो गया। सत्य है! बालगंगाधर तिलक महोदय हमारे देश के गौरव थे।

किसी ने ठीक ही कहा है “तिलक” भारतवर्ष के मस्तक के तिलक की भाँति शोभा पाते हैं।

लोकमान्यतिलकः शब्दार्थाः

जनकः = पिता। कृते = लिए। असहमाना=सहन न करने वाले। आंग्लाः = अंग्रेज। तस्योपरि = उनके ऊपर। मिथ्या = झूठा। प्रस्तुतवन्तः = प्रस्तुत किया। निर्दोषः = दोषरहित। अरचयत् = रचना की। दिवङ्गतः = मृत्यु हो गई।

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MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants

Nutrition in Plants Intext Questions

Question 1.
Boojho wants to know how plants prepare their own food?
Answer:
Plants are the only that can prepare food for themselves by using water, carbon dioxide and minerals.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question 2.
Paheli wants to know why our body cannot make food from carbon dioxde, water and minerals like plants do?
Answer:
Our body do not have chlorophyll.

Question 3.
Boojho wants to know how water and minerals absorbed by roots reach the leaves?
Answer:
Water and minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the roots, stems and leaves of the plant. They form a continuous path or passage for the nutrients to reach the leaves.

Question 4.
Paheli wants to know what is so special about the leaves that they can synthesize food but other parts of the plant cannot?
Answer:
Because the leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 5.
Boojho has observed some plants with deep red, violet or brown leaves. He wants to know whether these leaves also carry out photosynthesis?
Answer:
No.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 MP Board Question 6.
Paheli wants to know whether mosquitoes, bed bugs, lice and leeches that suck our blood are also parasites?
Answer:
Lice are parasites. Mosquitoes are not parasites because they suck blood to incubit their eggs and not for nutrition.

Question 7.
Boojho is confused. If the pitcher plant is green and carries out photosynthesis, then why does it feed on insects?
Answer:
Because these plants do not get enough nutrition from the soil as required.

Question 8.
Boojho wants to know how these organisms acquire nutrients. They do not have mouths like animals do. They are not like green plants as they lack chlorophyll and cannot make food by photosynthesis?
Answer:
These organisms acquire food from dead organisms.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Question 9.
Paheli is keen to know whether her beautiful shoes, which she wore on special occasions, were spoiled by fungi during the rainy season. She wants to know how fungi appear suddenly during the rainy season?
Answer:
The fungal spores are generally present in the air. When they land on wet and warm things they germinate and grow During rainy season, there are more chances of things getting wet So, fungi spoil more things in rainy season.

Question 10.
Boojho says once his grandfather told him that his wheat fields were spoiled by a fungus. He wants to know if fungi cause diseases also?
Answer:
Yes, fungi causes diseases in plants, animals and humans. However, some fungi are also used is medicines.

Nutrition in Plants Text book Exercises

Question 1.
Why do organisms need to take food?
Answer:
Food is needed by all living organisms for the following purposes:

1. Get energy to do work.
2. Build up body.
3. Improve resistance power against diseases and protects us from infections.
4. Replacement and repairing damaged part in the body.
5. Maintain the functions of the body.

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 1 English Medium Question 2.
Distinguish between a parasite and a saprotroph?
Answer:
Distinguish Parasite and Saprotroph:
Parasite:

1. They derives nutrients from the body of some other living organisms.
2. They use the heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. They mostly live on or in the host.
4. Examples: Tapeworm, Round warm, Cuscutta, Puccinia, etc.

Saprotroph:

1. They derives nutrients from dead and decaying organisms.
2. They use saprotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. They live on dead and decaying stuff.
4. Examples: Mushrooms, Bacteria, Yeast, etc.

Question 3.
How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?
Answer:
Starch Test:
Take the green leaf to be tested. Boil it in water for 5 minutes (approximately). Keep it in the 60% angle amyle alcohol at 60°C till it becomes colourless. Now take the colourless leaf out from alcohol and wash it with cold water. Also pour few drops of dilute iodine solution on the leaf. The leaf becomes very blue with the solution which proves the presence of starch is the leaf.

Class 7 Science MP Board Chapter 1 Question 4.
Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in green plants?
Answer:
The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight. This energy is used to synthesize (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis (Photo: light: synthesis: to combine).

So we find that chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are necessary to carry out the process of photosynthesis. It is a unique process on the earth. The solar energy is captured by the leaves and stored in the plant in the form of food. Thus, sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.

During photosynthesis, chlorophyll containing cells of leaves, in the presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesise carbohydrates. The process can be represented as an equation.

During the process oxygen is released. The carbohydrates ultimately get converted into starch. The presence of starch in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis. The starch is also a carbohydrate.

Question 5.
Show with the help of a sketch that the plants are the ultimate source of food?
Answer:

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Green plants are called …………….. since they synthesise their own food.
2. The food synthesised by the plants is stored as ……………..
3. In photosynthesis solar energy is captured by the pigment called ……………..
4. During photosynthesis plants take in …………….. and release

Answer:

1. Autotrophs
2. Starch
3. Chlorophyll
4. Carbon dioxide, oxygen.

MP Board Class 7th Science English Medium Question 7.
Name the following:

1. A parasitic plants with yellow, slender and tubular stem.
2. A plant that has both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. The pores through which leaves exchange gases.

Answer:

1. Cuscuta (Amarbel)
2. Pitcher plant
3. Stomata.

Question 8.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) Amarbel is an example of –
(i) Autotroph
(ii) Parasite
(iii) Saprotroph
(iv) Host.
Answer:
(ii) Parasite

(b) The plant which trape and feeds on insects is –
(i) Cuscuta
(ii) China rose
(iii) Pitcher plant
(iv) Rose.
Answer:
(iii) Pitcher plant.

MP Board Class 7th Science Question 9.
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II:

Answer:

(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (b)
(v) (c)

Question 10.
Mark “T” if the statement is true and “F” if it is false:

1. Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. (T/F)
2. Plants which synthesise their food themselves are called saprotrophs. (T/F)
3. The product of photosynthesis is not a protein (T/F)
4. Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 11.
Choose the correct option from the following:
Which part of the plant gets carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis –
(i) Root hair
(ii) Stomata
(iii) Leaf veins
(iv) Sepals.
Answer:
(ii) Stomata.

Question 12.
Chose the correct option from the following:
Plants take carbon dioxide form the atmosphere mainly through their –
(i) Roots
(ii) Stem
(iii) Flowers
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(iv) Leaves.

Nutrition in Plants Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

MP Board Class 7 Science Solutions Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative:

Question (i)
The green coloured pigment present in plants is ………….
(a) Xanthophyll
(b) Haemoglobin
(c) Chlorophyll
(d) None of these.
(c) Chlorophyll

Question (ii)
The life processes that provide energy are ……………
(a) Respiration
(b) Nutrition
(c) Both respiration and nutrition
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both respiration and nutrition

Question (iii)
Which of these are autotrophs …………..
(a) Green plants
(b) All plants
(c) All animals
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Green plants

Question (iv)
………….. changes solar energy into chemical energy.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon – di – oxide
(c) Water
(d) Chlorophyll.
Answer:
(d) Chlorophyll.

Question (v)
………….. is saprophyte.
(a) Fungus
(b) Cuscuta
(c) Money plant
(d) Mosquito.
Answer:
(a) Fungus

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 MP Board Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Resin, gum, latex are ……………. substances of plants.
2.  …………….. is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation by the body.
3. The plant on which it climbs is called a ……………
4. Plants which use saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called …………..
5. Oxygen is produced during ……………..

Answer:

1. Excretory
2. Nutrition
3. Host
4. Saprotrophs
5. Photosynthesis.

MP Board Solution Class 7th Science Question 3.
Which of the fallowing statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. All organisms take food and utilise it to get energy for the growth and maintenance of their bodies.
2. Chlorophyll and sunlight are not the essential requirements for photosynthesis.
3. Solar energy is stored by the leaves with the help of chlorophyll.
4. Oxygen is not produced during photosynthesis.
5. Only a few plants adopt other modes of nutrition like parasitic and saprotraphic.

Answer:

1. True (T)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. False (F)
5. True (T).

MP Board Science Class 7 Question 4.
Match the items is Column A with Column B:

Answer:

(i) (b)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b).

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Nutrition In Plants Questions And Answers Question 5.
Name the following :

1. A plants food factory.
2. Living on another organisms and derive food from them.
3. A chlorophyll containing partner, which is an alga, and a fungus live together.

Answer:

1. Leaf
2. Parasitic
3. Lichens

Nutrition in Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types of nutritions are there?
Answer:
There are two types of nutritions. These are holophytic nutrition and holozoic nutrition.

Science Class 7 Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 2.
How do symbiotic live?
Answer:
Symbiotic live with host and parasite which depend on host benefit.

Question 3.
What are autotrophs? Give examples.
Answer:
The organism who can prepare their own food utilising sunlight, carbon dioxde and water, are known as autotrophs.
Examples: All green plants are autotrophs.

Question 4.
Define photosynthesis?
Answer:
The process by which the green plants prepare their food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and light is called photosynthesis.

MP Board Class 7 Science Question 5.
What is the function of chlorophyll?
Answer:
Chlorophyll helps leaves to capture the energy of the Sun.

Question 6.
What are algae?
Answer:
The slimy green patches in ponds or in other stagnant water bodies are called algae.

Question 7.
What is the purpose of starch test?
Answer:
To confirm the presence of starch in the green plants.

Class 7th Science Chapter 1 Question 8.
Name two herbivorous animals?
Answer:
Deer, cow.

Question 9.
Name two omnivorous animals?
Answer:
Dog, cat.

Chapter 1 Science Class 7 Question 10.
Name two carnivorous animals?
Answer:
Tiger, lion.

Question 11.
Name two leguminous plants?
Answer:
Gram, pea.

Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 12.
Name two insectivorous plants?
Answer:
Sundew, Aldrovenda.

Question 13.
Which bacteria can convert nitrogen into soluble term?
Answer:
Rhizobium.

Class 7 Nutrition In Plants Question 14.
Define autotrophs?
Answer:
Green plants synthesise their food themselves by the process of photosynthesis. They are autotrophs.

Nutrition in Plants Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do the exchange of gases occur in plants?
Answer:
In case of plants the lower surface of leaves have small pores called stomata. These are provided by two guard cells which control the opening or closing of the stomata. When the concentration of O₂ gas increases during photosynthesis the guard cells open and O₂ gas is given out and if concentration of CO₂ gas increases during respiration, the guard cells cause CO₂ gas to go out of the cells. This is how the exchange of gases occur in plants.

Class 7th Science MP Board Question 2.
How many types of heterotrophs are there? Give examples.
Answer:
Organisms which depend upon plants and other organisms for their food are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs can further be classified as:

1. Herbivorous Animals:
The organisms or animals who eat plants and plant products.
Examples: cow, horse, goat, etc.

2. Carnivorous Animals:
The animals who eat flesh of other animals are called carnivorous.
Examples: lion, tiger, wolf, etc.

3. Omnivorous Animals:
The animals who eat both plant and animals are called ominivorous animals.
Examples: man, cat, dog, crow, etc.

Science Chapter 1 Class 7 Question 3.
W’hat is the difference between ‘heterotrophs and autotrophs’?
Answer:
The differences between two are:

Heterotroph:

1. These are organism which can not make their own food.
2. They do not have chloroplast.

Autotroph:

1. They can make their own food.
2. They have chloroplast.

Nutrition In Plants For Class 7 Questions With Answers Question 4.
Give two examples of insectivorous plants?
Answer:
The plants which have the special system to trap the insects and kill them are called insectivorous plants. The pitcher plant and venus faly trap plants. In the pitcher plant, the leaf is modified in form of a pitcher. When any insect visits this pitcher it is trapped and killed in it.

Question 5.
What is the difference between holophytic and holozoic type of nutrition?
Answer:
Those living beings such as plants who prepare their own food are called autotrophic and this type of nutrition is called as holophytic type of nutrition.

Those living beings who cannot prepare their own food but depend on food prepared by some other living beings are called heterotopic. This type of nutrition is called holozoic nutrition.

Question 6.
How is Sun the ultimate source of energy for all the living beings?
Answer:
Green plants prepare food utilising sunlight. All other organisms depend on green plants directly or indirectly for their nutrition. Thus, Sun is the ultimate source of energy.

Science 7th Class Chapter 1 Question 7.
How is holophytic nutrition different from holozoic nutrition?
Answer:
1. Holophytic nutrition is found in plants and lower forms of animals they consume liquid food as they lack digestive systems.

2. Holozoic nutrition is found in man and other higher forms of animals. There is a well developed digestive system in all of them. Hence, they can consume solid food.

Nutrition in Plants Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a diagram of stomata?
Answer:

Question 2.
Give an experiment to demonstrate that light is necessary for photosynthesis?
Answer:
Take a broad leaved potted plant and keep it under dark for 24 – 48 hours. The plant is kept in dark to make the plant free from starch. After this fix a leaf still attached to the plant with a paper clip having paper black as shown in figure. Now keep the plant in light for few hours and test the leaf for starch. To test the leaf for starch, pluck the lgaf and kill its cells in boiling water. Remove the chlorophyll by boiling in alcohol. Wash the boiled leaf in water and treat with iodine solution.

It is believed that the portion of the leaf, exposed to sunlight turned blue in colour while the covered portion did not undergo any change. You know that starch give blue colour with iodine solution. This was because the covered portion did not receive any sunlight. This shows that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

Std 7 Science Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 3.
Describe the process of nutrition in hydra?
Answer:
In hydra, the tentacles help in ingesting the food (taking the food inside). The cells inside the body cavity wall secrete certain chemicals and enzymes to digest the food. The digested food is absorbed by the cells of the wall in the body cavity by diffusion. On eating food the hydra grows and reproduces by forming buds.

Nutrition In Plants Class 10 Question 4.
Define cell with their structure
Answer:
The bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units called cells. Cells can be seen only under the microscope. Some organisms are made of only one cell. The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary, called the cell membrane. Most cells have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the nucleus (Fig.). The nucleus is surrounded by a jelly – like substance called cytoplasm.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions