Bhagya

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 6 Cherry Tree Questions and Answers

Cherry Tree Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

1. The poet has used words that are used as ‘nouns’ and verbs both like ‘watered’. Use the following from the poem as nouns and verbs both in two separate sentences of your own:
[summer, grass, sycthe, shoots, arms, light, air, watch, season, jewel, blossom. ]
Answer:

• Summer (noun) – The summer has begun.
  Summer (verb) – He usually summers in Shimla
• Grass (noun) – The dry grass caught fire
  Grass (verb) – The man grassed
• Scythe (noun) – The woman is cutting the grass With a scythe
  Scythe (verb) – She scythed the grass quickly.
• Shoots (noun) – I saw new green shoots in the plant.
  Shoots (verb) – The troop is shooting at the enemy.
• Arms (noun) – We should keep an arm’s distance with our enemies.
  Arms (verb) – The man armed himself with sticks and stones.
• Light (noun) – Light travels in a straight line.
  Light (verb) – Light the lamb, please.
• Air (noun) – Air is the mixture of gases.
  Air (verb) – Air the bed sheets well.
• Watch (noun) – I have purchase a new watch.
  Watch (verb) -1 don’t watch T.V. frequently.
• Season (noun) – The season of monsoon has arrived.
  Season (verb) – Season the lamp with garlic.
• Jewel (noun) – I have put all my jewels in a safe.
  Jewel (verb) – It was jewelled with pearls
• Blossom (noun) – The trees are in blossom.
  Blossom (verb) – Our friendship blossomed into love.

Poetic Devices

(A) Following have been ‘personified’ in the poem

(1) ‘Cherries have a way of growing’
(2) a tree had come to stay
(3) a monsoon blight-shirvelled the slender stem.
Find more examples of personification from the poem and write explanation of the lines above (1, 2, 3) and the expressions selected by you.
Answer:

S.No. Examples of Personification		Explanation
1.	Cherries have a way of growing.	They grow like human being naturally.
2.	A tree had come to stay.	It had grown full.
3.	A monsoon blight shrivelled the – slender stem.	Monsoon and other natural supports have made the tree strong.
4.	The young tree struggle.	The tree makes its growth at its own.
5.	lime and the rain made miracle	Time and the rain have acted like some miraculous power.

(B) Rhyming scheme: The poem has a rhyming scheme. Mark it and write out the details. Also find out where the poet deviates and say why.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the poem is a, a, b, b except a few places where the poet deviates in under to change the mood and his expression.

(C) In the beginning of the poem is talking of the Cherry tree and how it grew against all odds towards the end he expresses his own joy and action pick out the stanza and write its meanings.
Answer:
The growth of the cherry tree against all odds is expressed through these lines:
……. Even so,
next spring I watched three new shoots grow,
The young tree struggle, upward thrust,
Its arms in a fresh fierce lust
For light and air and sun.
The lines that express the poet’s joy- came back thinner, rather poor,
But richer by a cherry tree at my door.
Yes, I!-praised Night and Stars and tree.
That small, the cherry, grown by me.

(D) Alliteration is a figure of speech in which first sounds are repeated to give the poem a lyrical quality.
For example:
a monsoon blight
Shrivelled the slender stem …………..

Find other examples from the poem and write them in your note- book.
Answer:

• Its arms in a Fresh Fierce lust
• Who Watched, Wandering, While Time and the rain
• Made a Miracle from green growing pain
• Swiftly, and the Stars turned in the Sky,
• And Moon Moths and singing crickets and I-

Comprehension

(A) On the basis of the reading of the poem, answer the questions:

Question 1.
What difficulties did the cherry tree face in growing up?
Answer:
The difficulties that the cherry tree faced in growing up were that-
It was not watered. It was suppressed by the tall, wild grass. Goats ate its leaves. Grass cutter scythe it and split it apart.

Question 2.
What is the miracle? How was it caused by time and rain?
Answer:
The miracle is something that is thought to be done by some divine or super-natural power. Here, time and rain caused the growth and bloom of the cherry tree despite all its difficulties.

Question 3.
What does the poet refer to in ‘five month’s child’?
Answer:
The poet refers to the cherry tree as ‘five month’s child.

Question 4.
The poet says, Its arms in fresh fierce lust’. What do ‘Its arms’stand for?
Answer:
Its are stand for the branches of the cherry tree.

Question 5.
Mention two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cheery tree.
Answer:
The two things that the poet saw when he was trying to look at the sky through the leaves of the cherry tree were:

• the finches which flew and flitted
• bees drinking nectar from each bloom of the cherry tree.

Question 6.
Pick out the lines from the poem that convey that the cherry blossoms are delicate.
Answer:
The following lines from the poem convey that the cherry bloosoms are delicate -there were blossoms small Pink, fragile, quick to fall At the merest breath, the sleepiest breeze

Question 7.
(A) What is the poet trying to say in the expression ‘cherries have a way of growing’?
Answer:
By the expression cherries have a way of growing’ the poet means to say that cherry’ is tree and hence a natural object. Nature has its own way to protect its world. So, despite all hurdles the cherry tree grows and blooms. There is no power which can stop the process of nature.

(B) What do you understand by the following expression? Write a
sentence for each expression to bring out its meaning:
1. grass running wild
2. monsoon blight
3. growing pains
4. sleepiest breeze
5 . dappled green
6. blue blind sky
7. fresh fiercest lust
Answer:

1. Grass running wild-The cherry tree is covered with grass running wild.
2. Monsoon blight-The monsson blight has marred the growth of the plant.
3. Growing pains-I was very much depressed at the growing pains at every’ step.
4. Sleepiest breeze-The sleepiest breeze comforted me geatly.
5. Dappled green-It was strange to see the bees dunking nectar
   through dappled green.
6. Blue blind sky-The blue blind sky failed all predictions of monsoon.
7. Fresh fierest lust-No fresh fierest lust could affect his way.

(C) Complete the following summary of the poem by filling the gaps using the expressions from the poem:
The poet sowed a seed about ………. ago because he wanted a ………. own. Once in the month of May he found a tree that ………. and had survived the ………. grass cutter’s ………. and the monsoon ………. through it was it grew three new shoots ………. and ………. grew upward w hen he came back from Kashmir he could ………. believe that a Cherry tree had ………. and ………. in the sun.
Next year it bore pink………. that were ………. and ……….. As he was relaxing in his garden he saw the ………. as they and ………. through the green. He saw bees as they drank ………. the from each .
Answer:
The poet-sowed a seed about eight-years ago because he wanted a tree of his own. Once is die month of May he found a tree that grew and had survived the goat’s eating and grass-cutter’s scythe and the monsoon blight though it was shrivelled it grew three new shoots young and it grew up word when he came back from Kashmir he could hardly believe that a cherry tree had tipened and jeweled in the sum. Next year it bore pink blossoms that were fragile and quick to fall. As he was relaxing in his garden he saw the finches as they flew and flitted through the dappled green He saw beas as they drank nectar from each bloom.

Speaking Activity

A. The poem starts with a flash back where the poet recollects something from the past and then narrates about present. Talk to your friend about your childhood of something that you recollects as a pleasant memory which has borne fruits in your present life, (work in pairs) Share this with your class. Select two best narratives and put them in a poem form. Your can think of a friend a scene an incident a school happening
Answer:
Do it yourself.

B. Read out the poems in the class and hold discussions on their poetic qualities, use of language and figure of speech etc.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Writing Activity

A. Read the following poem and write answer to the questions given after the poem.
Answer:
See the poem on the text book page (41-42).

Questions:
(i) Why does the poet call it April’s gift?
(ii) Why does the poet call it as Birthday ornament of spring?
(iii) What are the other flowers that the poet names in the poem?
(iv) What is the colour of almond blossoms?
(v) How does the poet tell us that there are no leaves on the tree?
(vi) What happens when the winter winds blow?
Answer:
(i) The poet calls it April’s gift because it (almond tree) blossoms in April.
(ii) The poet calls it as Birthday ornament of spring because it is like a gift of nature.
(iii) The poet names some other flowers like king-cup, blackthorn.
(iv) The colour of almond blossoms in crimson.
(v) The poet tells us that there are no leaves on the tree as follows- Lest. with longing over-tried
We die as the violet died.
(vi) When the writer winds blow, all the red bells of almond ring with a bee in every bell and almond bloom.

B. Use the following words from the poem in sentences of your own
trust – clouding
dare – bough
royal – greet
stridy
Answer:

• trust – He has full time in me,
• dare — I can’t dare to say about he incident.
• royal — The king was in his royal suit.
• sturdy – Amit is a boy of sturdy build.
• clouding — Several doubts are clouding me.
• bough – The boughs of the tree are all slender and weak.
• greet — I greeted my friend warmly.

Think it Over

All trees have a different way of growing, some are delicate some are hardly plants; some are perinnial and some seasonal; some are fruit bearing and others are decorative with beautiful foliage and flowers; have you tried to grow plants of your.. own? Which were those? Express your view on pleasures is pains of growing tree, plant etc.
Answer:
Do yourself

Think To Do

A. You have read William Wordsworth’s poem Daffodils whose the poet says
“For oft, when on my couch I lie,
They flush upon that inward eye
which is bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dance with the daffodils.”
Compare the lines with Ruskin Bond’s following lines:
I by on grass, at ease
Looking up through leaves at the blue Blind sky”
Answer:

• In both the poems, the poets enjoy the bliss of nature. While Wordsworth
• Daffodils’ in sitting alone and is thinking about the scene of the daffodils in his imagination, Rusking Bond is enjoying nature’s beautiful scenes just now.

B. Read the following verses carefully and answer the questions that follow.
(See the poem on Textbook page-43)

Questions:
(i) Describe in your own words the effect on a slender brich tree of the snow fall.
(ii) What is the poet trying to say in the last line of the poem?
(iii) Describe the effect of the following on birch trees:
(a) ice-storms
(b) rising breeze
(c) warmth of the sun Answers
1. The slender birch tree has been bent down.
2. The poet is trying to say that the real bliss of nature seems to be over.
3.

• The birch trees have been bent down.
• They click upon themselves with rising breeze.
• The warmth of the sun makes them shed crystal sheds.

(iv) Say whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) A child in the tree is swinging the birch tree.
(b) The tree is siwnging left and right due to the blowing of breeze.
(c) The birch trees are misshaped by the ice-storm.
(d) After the sun-rise, the branches begin to move gently left and right and look like a rainbow.
(e) After the sunrise, the trees loaded with ice become the inner
dome of heaven.
Answer:
(a) true, (b) true, (c) true, (d) false, (e) true.

Cherry Tree Summary in English

‘Chery Tree’ is a poem by Ruskin Bond. It tells us the poet’s ecstasy over a tree of his o\Vn which took eight year to grow.

Eight years have passed since the poet placed a cherry seed in the grass. He thought it to be his own tree. He watered it once. After that he forgot about it. But as cherries have a process of growing, so poet’s cherry also grew without any care. Suddenly in a summer season the poet found the growth of a tree of cherry. It was small like a five month old child lost in tall, wild grass. Goats ate its leaves and grass-cutter had snapped it with his syethe. Even after that the poet saw in the next spring three new shoots grown there. The young tree had struggled upward for fresh light and air and sun.

The poet had waited while time and the rain had done wonder by giving full growth to the tree. Next year the poet went to Kashmir to spend his holidays. When he came back he found a full grown cherry tree at his door. It was six feet high. He hardly believed its berries. They were ripened and jewelled in the seen hanging from a branch. The other year there were blossoms pf different colours giving comfort to the poet.  The poet while lying on the grass with comfort was looking up through leaves at the blue blind sky. He also enjoyed finches (small passorine birds) flying in the sky softly and rapidly.

The poet also felt the joy of looking at the bees sucking nectar from each bloom of the cherry tree. The sun was sinking softly and the stars turned in the sky. The singing of the crickets and shining of the moon were also very comfortable. The poet is thankful to the cherry tree which provided him with such a fine heavenly bliss.

Cherry Tree Summary in Hindi

‘Cherry Tree’ रस्किन बांड की कविता है। इसमें कवि के एक पेड़ के लिए, जिसे उसने आठ वर्ष पहले अपने लिए लगाया था, आनंद का वर्णन है। आठ वर्ष बीत गए जब कवि ने घास में चेरी के बीज को बोया था। वह इसे अपना पेड़ समझकर बोया था। उसने इसे एकबार सींचा। इसके बाद वह इसके बारे में भूल गया। परन्तु चेरी के बढ़ने की एक प्रक्रिया है, इसलिए कवि का चेरी भी बिना किसी देखभाल के बड़ा हो गया। अचानक एक गर्मी के मौसम में कवि ने चेरी के पेड़ की वृद्धि देखी। यह एक पांच महीने के बच्चे की तरह छोटा था जो लंबी जंगली घास में छिपा था। बकरियों ने इसके पत्ते खा लिए फिर एक घसियारे (घास काटने वाला) ने अपनी कैंची से उन्हें कतर डाला। इसके बावजूद कवि ने अगले वसंत ऋतु में इसमें से तीन नई छोटी-शाखाओं को उगा हुआ देखा। युवा पौधा प्रकाश, हवा और धूप से संघर्ष करते हुए ऊपर की ओर बढ़ा।

कवि प्रतीक्षा करता रहा जबकि समय और वर्षा ने चमत्कार करते हुए पेड़ को पूर्ण विश्वास दिया। अगले वर्ष कवि अपनी छुट्टियाँ बिताने कश्मीर गया। जब वह लौटकर आया तो उसने अपने दरवाजे पर एक पूर्ण विकसित चेरी का पेड़ देखा। यह छह फीट ऊँचा था। बड़ी-मुश्किल से वह इसके फलों पर विश्वास कर पाया। वे पक चुके थे और धूप के कारण डालियों पर सुशोभित थे। दूसरे वर्ष वे कई रंगों में खिल गए और कवि को सुखद अनुभूति देने लगे।

कवि घास में लेटे हुए बड़े आराम से पत्तियों के झुरमुट से नीले, काले आकाश में देखता है। वह आकाश में मृदुता और तेजी से उड़ते हुए छोटे पक्षियों को देखकर आनंदित होता है। कवि मधुमक्खियों को चेरी के फूलों से अमृत रस चूसते हुए देखकर आनंद अनुभव करता है। सूर्य धीरे-धीरे डूब रहा था और आकाश में तारे नजर आ रहे थे। झींगुरों का गाना और चांद का चमकना भी बड़ा आनंददायक था। कवि चेरी के पेड़ के प्रति शुक्रगुजार महसूस करता है जिसने उसे स्वर्ग-सी अनुभूति प्रदान की।

Cherry Tree Word Meanings

Cherry Tree Comprehension

Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Eight year have passed
Since I placed my cherry seed in the grass,
“Must have a tree of my own, I said,
And watered it once and went to bed And forgot.

Questions:
(i) Who is ‘I’ in these lines?
(ii) What did ‘I’ do eight years ago?
(iii) Why did ‘I’ do so?
(iv) What did ‘I’ do after that?
(v) Give a word from the stanza which is opposite to ‘remembered’.
Answers:
(i) T in these lines is the poet-the narrator.
(ii) ‘I’ placed a cherry seed in the grass eight years ago.
(iii) ‘I’ did so thinking it to be a tree of his own.
(iv) T watered it once and then forgot it.
(v) ‘forgot’.

2. Goats ate the leaves, the grass cutter’s sycthe
split it apart and a monsoon blight
Shrivelled the slender stem Even so.

Questions:
(i) What is being talked about her in these lines?
(ii) What did the goats do to it?
(iii) What did the monsoon blight do to the tree?
(iv) How was the tree split apart?
(v) Give a word from the above stanza similar in meaning to ‘thin’.
Answers:
(i) A little cherry tree is being talked about here.
(ii) The goats ate the leaves of the tree.
(iii) The monsoon blight made its stem shrivelled and slender.
(iv) The tree was split apart by the grass cutter’s scythe.
(v) ‘slender’.

3. I lay on the grass, at ease,
Looking up through leaves at the blue
Blind sky, at the finches as they flew
And flitted through the dappled green.

Questions:
(i) Where was the poet lying?
(ii) What was he doing there?
(iii) What did he see in the sky?
(iv) Explain the expression ‘the blue blind sky’.
(v) Explain the meaning of ‘dappled’.
Answers:
(i) The poet was lying on the grass.
(ii) He was enjoying the beauty of nature in the sky.
(iii) He saw finches flying in the sky.
(iv) The blue sky is sometimes covered with dark cloud.
(v) dappled-variegated with round patches.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

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Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 9 Can We Stop The Earthquakes? Questions and Answers

Can We Stop The Earthquakes? Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

The words given below denote different branches of study or science. Consult a dictionary and write as given in the example.
नीचे दिए गये शब्द अध्ययन या विज्ञान की अलग-अलग शाखाएं हैं। उदाहरण के अनुसार लिखो|
Answer:

• Geology is the study of the earth’s structure, surface and origin.
• Astrology is the study of the influence of planets on people’s lives.
• Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals.
• Anthropolgy is the scientific study of people, society and culture.
• Sociology is the study of society or of the way society is organized.
• Etymology is the study of the origin and historical development of words.
• Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and the reasons for people’s behaviour.
• Entomology is the study of insects..
• Philology is the study of words, especially the history and development of the words in a particular language or group of languages.
• Mythology is a group of myths, especially all the myths of a particular country, religion or culture.

Comprehension

A. Answer these questions in one or two sentences each.
[इन प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
What is the effect of an earthquake when it occurs under sea? (2009, 13)
भूकम्प जब समुद्र के अन्दर होता है तब उसका क्या प्रभाव होता है?
Answer:
If an earthquake strikes under sea, huge tidal waves are produced which sweep inland parts.
यदि भूकम्प समुद्र के नीचे आता है तो भारी ज्वारीय लहरें उठती है जिनका वेगपूर्ण विस्तार स्थलीय भागों पर होता है।

Question 2.
How do earthquakes create destruction in mountain regions ?
जब भूकम्प पहाड़ी इलाके में आता है तब कैसे विनाश करता है ?
Answer:
If it strikes in mountain regions, avalanches are created that spread destruction in the valleys.
जब यह पहाड़ी इलाकों में आता है तो इसके द्वारा हिमस्खलन पैदा होते हैं जो घाटियों में तबाही मचाते हैं।

Question 3.
What are the regions where earthquakes are most likely to happen called ?
उन इलाकों को क्या कहा जाता है जहाँ भूकम्प के आने की अधिक सम्भावना होती
Answer:
The areas where earthquakes are most likely to happen are called earthquake zones.
उन इलाकों को जहाँ भूकम्प आने की सम्भावना अधिक होती है, भूकम्पीय क्षेत्र कहते

Question 4.
How do the Californian earthquake stations detect earthquakes? केलीफोर्निया के भूकम्प केन्द्र भूकम्प का कैसे पता लगाते हैं ?
Answer:
The two stations are linked by a laser beam and if there is any movement under them a warning is sounded.
दोनों केन्द्र लेजर बीम द्वारा जुड़े हैं और उनके नीचे थोड़ी भी हलचल होने पर खतरे की घोषणा हो जाती है।

Question 5.
What is the ‘Chandler Wobble’ ? (2008, 09, 12)
चान्डलर का लड़खड़ाना क्या है ?
Answer:
This is the wobbling of the earth as it spins on its axis. This is caused by the change in the position of the earth in relation to the stars.
यह पृथ्वी की अपनी धुरी पर घूमने के समय होने वाली लड़खड़ाहट है। यह पृथ्वी की स्थिति में नक्षत्रों के सापेक्ष परिवर्तन के कारण होता है।

Question 6.
How does seismology help scientists who work to counter earthquake situations?
भूस्पन्दन शास्त्र वैज्ञानिकों की, जो भूकम्पों के निरोध में लगे हैं, कैसे सहायता करता
Or
How does seismology help scientists to find the cause of earthquake? (2011)
भूस्पन्दन शास्त्र वैज्ञानिकों को भूकम्प का कारण जानने में किस प्रकार सहायता करता
Answer:
It does a careful and accurate monitoring of tremors in the earth and records them for their help.
यह पृथ्वी के नीचे की हलचल का बारीकी तथा सावधानी से अध्ययन कर उसका लेखाजोखा रखती है जो वैज्ञानिकों के लिए सहायक होती है।

B. Answer these questions in two to four sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर दो से चार वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question 1.
Why does the author call the Earth an enemy beneath our feet.
लेखक पृथ्वी को हमारे पैरों के नीचे एक दुश्मन क्यों कहता है ? (2015) .
Answer:
The author calls the earth an enemy because the cause of earthquakes is the structure of the earth itself.
लेखक पृथ्वी को दुश्मन इस कारण कहता है कि भूकम्पों का कारण पृथ्वी की संरचना ही तो है।

Question 2.
What effect does an earthquake have when it strikes a modern city ? (2014)
भूकम्प जब एक आधुनिक शहर में आता है तो उसका क्या प्रभाव होता है ?
Answer:
When an earthquake strikes a modern city, gas mains burst and fires are started. Underground railways are damaged and buildings collapse.

जब भूकम्प आधुनिक शहर में आता है तो गैस की लाइन फट जाती है और आग लग जाती है। भूगर्भीय रेलवे का नुकसान होता है और अट्टालिकाएँ ध्वस्त हो जाती हैं।

Question 3.
Describe a few instances of the destruction caused by earthquakes.
भूकम्पों द्वारा किये गये विनाश के कुछ उदाहरण दीजिए।
Answer:
In 1755, Portugal’s capital Lisbon was completely destroyed. In 1993. Latur in Maharashtra was hit by a powerful earthquake in which 7.600 people died, about 16,000 injured and more than 3,000 houses were destroyed. In 2004, an earthquake killed about 1,00,000 people in Bhuj in Gujarat.

1755 में आये एक भूकम्प से पुर्तगाल की राजधानी लिस्बन पूरी तरह से तबाह हो . गई थी। महाराष्ट्र के लातूर में 1993 में आये एक भूकम्प में 7,600 लोग मारे गये और करीब 16,000 जख्मी हुए तथा 3,000 से ज्यादा घर नष्ट हो गये थे। 2004 में, भूकम्प ने गुजरात के भुज में करीब एक लाख लोगों की जान ली थी।

Question 4.
How does the continental drift theory explain earthquake?
महाद्वीपों के विचलन का सिद्धान्त भूकम्प की व्याख्या कैसे करता है?
Answer:
The continents created by the earth’s outer crust are floating on the softer and hotter rocks below. They are not stable. They are drifting apart very slowly. This movement causes stress to develop in the rocks below the surface. This results in earthquakes.

पृथ्वी की बाहरी सतह द्वारा बने महाद्वीप नीचे की गर्म और नर्म चट्टानों पर तैरते हैं। ये स्थिर नहीं है। ये बहुत धीमी गति से एक-दूसरे से दूर जा रहे हैं। इसके कारण नीचे की सतह की चट्टानों पर दबाव बनता है। इसके कारण भूकम्प आते हैं।

Question 5.
Give the location of the three major earthquake zones. (2009, 10)
तीन मुख्य भूकम्पीय क्षेत्रों की स्थिति बताइए।
Answer:
The first runs along the eastern coast of Asia to Alaska and the western coast of North America. It crosses to Mexico and goes up to the Caribbean Sea. The second goes down the Western coast of South America and the third runs across the south of Europe and North Africa, through Greece and Turkey into the middle of Asia.

पहला एशिया के पूर्वी तट से अलास्का और उत्तरी अमेरिका के पश्चिमी तट से होते हुएं मेक्सिको और फिर केरिबिआई समुद्र तक जाता है। दूसरा दक्षिणी अमेरिका के पश्चिमी तट पर स्थित है। और तीसरा दक्षिणी यूरोप और उत्तरी अफ्रीका के क्षेत्र से ग्रीस और टी होते हुए मध्य एशिया तक जाता है।

Question 6.
Describe how the gravitational theory explains earthquakes.
गुरुत्वाकर्षण का सिद्धान्त किस प्रकार से भूकम्प की व्याख्या करता है।
Answer:
At certain times, the sun and the moon exert a stronger gravitational pull. At these times a greater stress is exerted on the deep rocks of the earth and hence earthquakes become more likely.

कभी-कभी सूर्य और चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी पर ज्यादा गुरुत्वाकर्षण के खिंचाव का प्रयोग करते हैं। ऐसे समय पृथ्वी की अन्दरूनी चट्टानों पर अधिक दबाव पैदा होता है और भूकम्प की सम्भावना बढ़ जाती है।

Question 7.
What leads the scientists to believe that large water masses may be one of the major causes of earthquakes ?
वैज्ञानिकों को क्यों यह भरोसा हो रहा है कि पानी के बड़े भण्डार भूकम्प के प्रमुख कारण हो सकते हैं ?
Answer:
During 1960s a dam was built on the Deccan Plateau and in 1967 there was an earthquake nearby though it is not in an earthquake zone. Similarly, a dam in Kariba in Africa and another in French Alps were followed by earthquakes. Moreover, all the three major earthquake zones are in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This has led scientists to believe that large water masses may be one of the major causes of earthquakes.

1960 के दशक में दक्षिण के पठार में एक बाँध बनाया गया और 1967 में उसके पास ही भूकम्प आया जबकि वह इलाका भूकम्पीय क्षेत्र में नहीं आता। इसी प्रकार अफ्रीका में करीवा में तथा फ्रेन्च आल्प्स में भी बाँध बनाये जाने के बाद भूकम्प आये। इतना ही नहीं, तीनों बड़े भूकम्पीय क्षेत्र प्रशान्त महासागर और मेडिटेरेनियन सागर के पास है। यही वे कारण जन्होंने वैज्ञानिकों को यह सोचने को मजबूर किया कि पानी के विशाल भण्डार भूकम्प का कारण हो सकते हैं।

C. Detail the causes of earthquake and suggest the steps you would like to undertake when it occurs (2016) or discuss ‘The enemy is the earth itself.’
भूकम्प के कारण समझाते हुए बताइए कि आप उसके आने पर क्या कदम उठाना चाहेंगे या चर्चा कीजिए ‘दुश्मन
तो पृथ्वी ही है।’
Answer:
The Enemy is the Earth itself Earthquakes are caused because of the structure of the earth. As a result of cooling, the outer surface of the earth turned into hard rocky plates. These are our present day continents. The inner core is still very hot and hence these continents are floating on the molten rocks under them. These continents are not stable and their movements create pressure on the rocks below. When. at some point, the pressure becomes too much, it is released. And this results in an earthquake. Hence, the enemy is the earth itself.

दुश्मन तो पृथ्वी ही है भूकम्प पृथ्वी की संरचना के कारण आते हैं। ठण्डे होने के कारण पृथ्वी की बाहरी सतह कड़ी चट्टान की प्लेटों के रूप में हो गई। ये हमारे महाद्वीप हैं। जबकि भीतरी सतह अब भी बहुत अधिक गर्म है और पिघली हुई चट्टानों के रूप में है। अत: हमारे महाद्वीप इन पर तैर रहे हैं। ये महाद्वीप स्थिर नहीं है और उनकी हलचल नीचे की चट्टानों पर दबाव बनाती है। जब किसी बिन्दु विशेष पर, यह दबाव अत्यधिक बढ़ जाता है तो इससे मुक्ति पाने की प्रक्रिया में भूकम्प होता है। अतः दुश्मन तो पृथ्वी ही है।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिये जा रहे हैं।।
A. Find out the past participle form of the following verbs.
निम्नलिखित क्रियाओं की Past participle form दूँढ़ो।।
Answer:

• seen
• heard
• said
• told
• eaten
• drunk
• slim
• ran
• walked
• given
•  read
• led.

B. Change the following sentences into Passive Voice.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलो।।
Answer:

• Tea is made by him.
• The key was hidden by her.
• An application was written by them.
• Animals are loved by children.
• His salary was paid to him by them.
• New doll was promised to Meena for her birthday by them.
• All the questions will be answered by me.
• New medicine will be prescribed to me by the doctor.
• The latest news was told to me by a friend.
• New instructions will be given to you by someone before you leave.

Can We Stop The Earthquakes Summary in Hindi

हमारे पैरों तले एक दुश्मन है एक ऐसा दुश्मन जो अपनी निष्पक्षता के कारण और ज्यादा खतरनाक है। इसके लिए राष्ट्रीय सीमाओं और राजनैतिक दलों का कोई महत्त्व नहीं है। संसार में प्रत्येक मनुष्य को इससे खतरा है। दुश्मन तो पृथ्वी ही है। जब भूकम्प आता है तो सारी पृथ्वी काँप उठती है। मनुष्य जिस मात्रा में शक्ति का उत्पादन कर सकता है, भूकम्प की शक्ति उससे कहीं अधिक होती है। लेकिन आजकल वैज्ञानिक भूकम्प का मुकाबला करने का प्रयत्न कर रहे हैं और सम्भव है कि कुछ ही समय में मानव जाति उससे अपना बचाव करने के साधन खोज लेगी।

भूकम्प बिना चेतावनी दिये आता है और जब वह आता है और जब वह जाता है तो उसकी शक्ति बहुत अधिक होती है। उससे आधुनिक शहरों में भी वैसा ही विनाश होता है जैसा गाँव में। गैस की पाइप लाइनें फट जाती हैं, विस्फोट होते हैं, आग लग जाती है। भूमिगत रेलवे तहस-नहस हो जाती है। बड़ी-बड़ी इमारतें ध्वस्त हो जाती हैं, बांध फूट जाते हैं, पुल टूट जाते हैं, सड़कों में बड़ी-बड़ी दरारें पड़ जाती हैं। यदि यह पहाड़ी इलाके में आता है तो भारी हिमस्खलन होता है। पुराने आँकड़े देखें तो दिल दहल उठता है। ऐसा अनुमान है कि गुजरात के भुज में आये भूकम्प में करीब एक लाख लोग मारे गये थे, कई गाँव नेस्तनाबूद हो गये थे। इससे पहले महाराष्ट्र के लातूर में आए भूकम्प में 7600 लोग मारे गये और 16000 जख्मी हुए थे और करीब 3000 घर नष्ट हो गये थे। 1968 में अलास्का में भूकम्प आया था। क्योंकि यह एक कम आबादी वाला इलाका है, अतः जानमाल का नुकसान तो कम

हुआ था लेकिन वह इतना शक्तिशाली था कि भूवैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार उसने एक विशाल इलाके को प्रशान्त महासागर में करीब-करीब 80 फुट पश्चिम की ओर ठेल दिया था। चलों देखें कि भूकम्प क्या है और उसके आने के कारण क्या है ? पृथ्वी के प्राचीन इतिहास में, जब वह ठण्डी हो रही थी उस समय, ऊपर की सतह के ठण्डे होने से कई द्वीपों का जन्म हुआ जो नीचे के गर्म लावे पर तैरते हैं। जैसे लकड़ी पानी पर तैरती है। ये द्वीप तैरते हुए एक-दूसरे से दूर होते गये और आज इन द्वीपों को हम महाद्वीप के रूप में देख रहे हैं। ये अभी भी स्थिर नहीं हैं। इनकी हलचल के कारण नीचे की चट्टानों पर दबाव बनता है और फिर वह कभी-कभार भूकम्प के रूप में फूट पड़ता है।

‘पृथ्वी पर तीन ऐसे बड़े क्षेत्र हैं जहाँ भूकम्प आने की सम्भावना अधिक रहती है। वैज्ञानिक इन्हें भूकम्पीय क्षेत्र कहते हैं। पहला एशिया महाद्वीप के पूर्वी किनारे पर जापान से अलास्का होकर उत्तरी अमेरिका के पश्चिमी किनारे और फिर मेक्सिको से कैरीबिआई सागर तक फैला है। दूसरा, दक्षिणी अमेरिका के पश्चिमी किनारे पर स्थित है तथा तीसरा यूरोप के दक्षिणी भाग और अफ्रीका के उत्तरी भाग से होकर ग्रीस तथा टी होता हुआ मध्य एशिया तक फैला है। इसके अतिरिक्त कई छोटे-छोटे क्षेत्र भी हैं। यदि दुनिया के नक्शे पर तुम पिछले वर्षों में आये भूकम्प चिह्नित करो तो पाओगे कि सभी इन क्षेत्रों में पड़ते हैं। अत: वैज्ञानिकों के लिए यह कहना तो सम्भव है कि भूकम्प कहाँ आ सकता है पर यह नहीं कि वह कब आयेगा। ऐसा अनुमान है कि एक बड़ा भूकम्प केलिफोर्निया में आयेगा पर वह अभी से अगले 8,000 वर्ष के बीच कभी भी आ सकता है। अत: उस शहर को खाली कराना व्यवहार- गम्य नहीं लगता।

भूकम्प का एक कारण आकाश में सूर्य और चन्द्रमा की स्थिति हो सकता है, क्योंकि कभी-कभी इनके द्वारा पृथ्वी पर अधिक गुरुत्वाकर्षणीय खिंचाव पैदा कर दिया जाता है। ऐसे समय में पृथ्वी की भीतरी चट्टानों पर अधिक दबाव बन सकता है। एक अन्य कारण ‘चान्डलर वॉबल’ के नाम से जाना जाता है। यह पृथ्वी के अपनी धुरी पर घूमने के साथ-साथ सूर्य का चक्कर लगाने में स्थान परिवर्तन के कारण पैदा हुई डगमगाहट है।

एक तीसरा कारण भी है जो वैज्ञानिकों को यह आशा बँधा रहा है कि भविष्य में वे भूकम्प से लड़ने में सक्षम हो सकेंगे। भारत के दक्षिणी पठार में 1960 के दशक में एक बाध बनाया गया और 1967 में उस इलाके में भयंकर भूकम्प आया जबकि पहले इस क्षेत्र में कभी भूकम्प नहीं आया था। इसी प्रकार अफ्रीका में करीबा बांध व फ्रेन्च आल्प्स में भी बांध बनाने के बाद तथा ग्रीस में एक अप्राकृतिक झील बनाने के बाद भूकम्प आए थे। इन सभी में एक सामान्य गुणक है पानी, और क्या यह संयोग मात्र है कि प्रमुख भूकम्पीय क्षेत्र पानी के बड़े स्रोतों के पास हैं-प्रशान्त महासागर, मेडिटरेनियन सागर ? अब वैज्ञानिकों ने इस दिशा में सोचना शुरू कर दिया है कि शायद पानी पृथ्वी के नीचे की चट्टानों में प्रवेश कर चिकनाहट पैदा करता हो। जहाँ चट्टानें एक-दूसरे को अधिक तीव्रता से दबाती है वहाँ पानी की उपस्थिति भूकम्प पैदा कर देती हो। यदि ऐसा है तो छोटे-छोटे भूकम्प पैदा कर बड़े भूकम्पों से बचा जा सकता है।

भूकम्पों के अध्ययन का काम भूस्पन्दन शास्त्र करता है। विभिन्न भूस्पन्दन केन्द्रों पर, जो सारे विश्व में फैले हुए हैं, पृथ्वी के नीचे की सूक्ष्म से सूक्ष्म हलचल को मापा जाता है, उसे अंकित किया जाता है व उसका लेखा-जोखा रखा जाता है। __जब भूकम्प आते हैं तो हम उन्हें देख सकते हैं, उन्हें माप सकते हैं और थोड़ा बहुत यह भी अन्दाज लगा सकते है कि वे कहाँ आयेंगें। भूकम्पीय क्षेत्रों में हम भूकम्परोधी मकान बना सकते है और शायद आने वाले दिनों में भूकम्पों की पेशबन्दी कर सकेंगे। पर फिलहाल तो हमें इन्तजार करते रहना है। इन्तजार एक गड़गड़ाहट का, जमीन के हिलने का, अट्टालिकाओं के धराशायी होने का और उनमें दबे लोगों की चीत्कार का। -समाचार-पत्र लेख

Can We Stop The Earthquakes Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

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Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 17 Sir Roger at Home Questions and Answers

Sir Roger at Home Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
Differentiate between the following groups of words and use them in sentence’s of your own:
staid, stayed
knight, night
person, parson
heard, herd
cast, caste
parish, perish
Answer:

• Staid: My father is a sober and staid person.
  Stayed: I stayed in Shimla for a weak.
• Knight: The knight fell down from the horse.
  Might: I am very fond of night show film.
• Person: My father is a gentle person.
  Parson: The parson became popular among his followers.
• Heard: The news that I heard in the morning disturbed me.
  Herd: A herd of cattle is grazing in the field.
• Cast: Every adult Indian has the right to cast his/her vote.
  Caste: Caste feeling still exists in our society.
• Parish: He is a priest of a large rural parish.
  Perish: Several people were perished in the fire.

Question 2.
Use the following phrases in sentences of your own: pass away at ease in good humour acquiesce in go on approve of
Answer:

• pass away: He passes away his time leisurely.
• at ease: I feel at easy with him.
• in good humour: I always find my partner in good humour.
• acquiesce in: A do not acquiesce in his decision.
• go on: What is going on now a days?
• approve of: Do you approve of my idea?

Question 3.
Give antonyms of the following:
country
pleasure
ancient
dependent approve
Answer:

• Country – city
• Pleasure – displeasure
• Ancient – modem
• Dependent – independent
• Approve – disapprove.

Comprehension

I. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives.

Question 1.
Where did the writer go with Sir Roger?
(a) guest house
(b) country-house
(c) farm house
(d) country club
Answer:
(b) country-house

Question 2.
What, according to Sir Roger, did the writer hate most?
(a) being stared at
(b) being talked about
(c) being ordered about
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) being stared at

Question 3.
Which of the following is the reason why the servants never thought of leaving Sir Roger ‘s service
(a) Sir Roger never visited his country house
(b) He was the best master in the world
(c) He was very painstaking
(d) He was very inconsiderate
Answer:
(b) He was the best master in the world

Question 4.
Why does Sir Roger show much tenderness and consideration towards the old dog?
(a) because he had grown old with the dog
(b) because the dog belonged to his father
(c) because the dog belonged to his wife
(d) because of the past service of the dog
Answer:
(d) because of the past service of the dog

Question 5.
In whose care was the author put when he visited the country- house of Sir Roger?
(a) butler
(b) valet de chamber
(c) groom
(d) coachman
Answer:
(a) butler

Question 6.
We are told that one of the domestics of Roger lived with him for thirty years. Who is that man?
(a) The groom
(b) The chaplain
(c) The coachman
(d) The valet de chambre
Answer:
(b) The chaplain

Question 7.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Chaplain?
(a) clear voice
(b) sociable temper
(c) ability to play backgammon
(d) carping behaviour
Answer:
(c) ability to play backgammon

Question 8.
Sir Roger wanted the Chaplain to deliver sermons even’ week. What sort of sermons he wanted the Chaplain to deliver?
(a) sermons written by Sir Roger
(b) sermons written by Addison
(c) sermons written by famous Divines
(d) sermons written by Chaplain
Answer:
(c) sermons written by famous Divines

Question 9.
“There has not been a law-suit in the parish since he has lived among them.” Who is the “he” of the state ‘ it?
(a) Addison
(b) Sir Roger
(c) The Butler
(d) The Chaplain
Answer:
(d) The Chaplain

Question 10.
Match the person in column. A with their characteristics in column B
(a) groom – (i) humourist
(b) coachman – (ii) grave person
(c) chaplain – (iii) A humourist
(d) Sir Roger – (iv) A venerable man
Answer:
(a) (ii), (b) (iii), (c) (iv), (d) (i).

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Where was Addison invited by Sir Roger to stay with him?
Answer:
Addison was invited by Sir Roger to stay with him at his county- house

Question 2.
Who among the servants of Sir Roger looked like his brother?
Answer:
The valet de chambre looked like Sir Roger’s brother.

Question 3.
Who among the domestic servants of Sir Roger looks like a – priry-counciller?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s coachman looks like a priry-councillor.

Question 4.
Why did tears come in the eyes of the servants when Sir Roger came home?
Answer:
Tears came in the eyes of the servants when Sir Roger came home ; because he (Sir Roger) was a good man who always took great care of them.

Question 5.
Who among the domestic servants of Sic Roger is a very prudent man?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s butler is a very prudent man.

Question 6.
Sir Roger diverted his time “in the woods”. What does “in the ; woods” mean?
Answer:
“In the woods” means “in the jungle”.

Question 7.
Who among the domestics of Sir Roger lives with him more as a relation than a dependent?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s Chaplain lives with him more as a relation than a dependent.

Question 8.
Why did Sir Roger not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek ‘ at his table?
Answer:
Sir Roger did not want to be insulted by Latin and Greek at his table because he had a little knowledge about Latin and Greek.

Question 9.
How much annuity has been settled upon the chaplain?
Answer:
The Chaplain has been settled upon the endowments and other privileges whatever he wants. He is offered the personage of the parish.

Question 10.
Should country clergy waste their time in composing their own sermons?
Answer:
No, country clergy should not waste their time in composing their own sermons.

III. Answer the following questions in fifty-sixty words each:

Question 1.
Write about the manner in which Addison spent his days at the country-seat of the Sir Roger?
Answer:
Addison w as allowed to rise and go to bed at his own pleasure. It was up to him whether he dined at Sir Roger’s table or in his own chamber.He was not objected for anything.

Question 2.
Write a note in the domestics of Sir Roger and their qualities?
Answer:
Sir Roger’s family consisted of all sober and staid persons. The master himself possessed all the good qualities. He never changes his servants nor his servants wish to leave him for his good qualities They had grown old with the house.

Question 3.
Why has there been no litigation in Coverley since the Chaplain came there?
Answer:
The Chaplain was a good natured man. He was a nice gentleman He was wise and practical enough to manage any critical situation. He was a good councillor. It was his managing skills that no litigation prolonged since he came there.

Question 4.
Write a note on the way in which the Chaplain made his speeches from the pulpit.
Answer:
When Sir Roger asked the Chaplain to pronounce one of the sermons every Sunday, he digested them into such a series, that they follow one another naturally and matte continued system of practical divinity.

Question 5.
Who was a mixture of the father and the master of the family?
Answer:
Sir Roger was a good natured man. The writer calls him a mixture of the father and the master of the family. He cared all the servants as the members of the family. He never charged any of them. No servant of his ever wanted to leave him. They were all ready to do anything for him.

IV. Answer the following questions in a paragraph:

Question 1.
What qualities did Sir Roger want in a Chaplain? How did he get such a Chaplain?
Answer:
Sir Roger wanted that a Chaplain should be a good, scholar. He should be a plain and ordinary man with list learning and regular life, sociable temper. The Chaplain whom Sir Roger employed was really a nice gentleman with all the good qualities. He was a man with managing skills, good oration, full devotion and dedication to his work. He was a good councillor.

Question 2.
Sir Roger was called a humourist. Why?
Answer:
Sir Roger was a min of all good qualities. He w as a lovable man He. is called a humourist because he cared for all his servants equally. He himself tried to Jeep the family-environment always pleasant. He tried to amuse them. He never cared for any mistake of his men. He always diverted himself in words. He never changed his servants nor his servants wished to go from his house. He was a mMure of a good father and a master.

Speaking Activity :

Divide the class into two groups. One group to speak about the character of the knight Sir Roger. The other should speak about the character of Parson. You should speak about the characters in the First person. For example:
I am Sir Roger …………
I am the Parson of ………..
Answer:
Class Activity’.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows
(Read the passage on Textbook page – 136)

Questions:
(i) Who is the person of ancient descent?
(ii) Who was the inventor of the country-dance “Coverley”?
(in) What is the source of the singularities of Sir Roger?
(iv) Give a suitable title of to the above passage?
(v) Use each word form the following pairs of words in a separate sentence to bring out the difference in

• their meanings.
• Descent – decent
• Proceed – precede
• Form – farm

(vi) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own:
Ancient decent, Call after, By reason
Answers:
(i) Sir Roger de Coverley is a person of an ancient descent.
(ii) Sir Roger de Coverley’s great grandfather was the inventor of the country-dance ‘Coverly’.
(Hi) His grandfather’s decency was the source of his singularities.
(iv) Sir Roger de Coverley and his qualities.
(v) Descent-He is of Scottish descent.

• decent-I like his decent behaviour.
• proceed-Now that our plans are settled let us proceed.
• precede-Are you certain the minister’s statement preceded that of the President?
• form-The Indian cricketers are not in form now a days.
• farm-He is the owner of a big farm.

(vi) ancient descent-The knight comes of an ancient descent.
Call after -By reason – He remained bachelor by reason he was crossed in love by a perverse lady.

Think it Over

Think about person/persons you know of who have been with the family for ages and list out all their qualities, advice, decision, services rendered by all the family members. Give reason for such thought, out of respect, consideration of age, devotion to the family. Write these in a tabulated Form

S.No	Qualities	Feelings of the family member	reasons
1. 2. 3.

Think to Do

Read some other periodical essays by Goldsmith and Dr. Johnson and list them in order of preferences and give reasons for the same.
Answer:
Do it yourself

Sir Roger at Home Summary in English

‘Sir Roger At Home’ is a recollection of some memories of the writer of his stay with a friend for some days at his country house. Roger, a friend of the writer, had invited him. He was aware of the habits and tastes of the writer. So, during his stay he never objected to any of his behaviour or habit. The writer was very much comfortable with the family of Roger which consisted of all so ber persons. The knight was the best master in the world.

He had never changed her servants. The servants and other related l persons grew old with the knight. The good old knight was a mixture the father and the master of the family. All the members were in good humour The writer was put under the particular care of Roger’s butler. Other members were also very much friendly at his service. Roger himself was always diverting himself in the woods or the fields. Writer’s chief companion was a very’ venerable man living in Roger’s house for more than thirty years. He was actually a gentleman with a good sense and some learning. He had very cordial relation with all the members of the family.

Sir Roger with all his good qualities was a humourist. His virtues as ; well as imperfections were tenged with certain extravagance which made him something different. He was a delightful man. The writer’s friend told him that the person was very considerate and could manage every’ situation well. When he first settled with Roger, Roger made him a present of all the good sermons printed in English. Roger requested him to pronounce one of them in the pulpit every Sunday. Accordingly the man digested them into such a series that they followed one after the other naturally. It was really interesting.

In the meantime the gentleman they were talking about came there and began to discuss about the sermon that was to be preached the next day, for it was a Saturday night. Then he showed them the list of preachers for the whole year. The writer realized and approved the quality of the good aspects and a clear voice of the man. He appeared to be a graceful actor. The writer wished , that more of the country elergy would follow such a man. Instead of washing their spirits in labourious composition of their own they should concentrate upon handsome elocution. They should not only I be easier to themselves but more edifying to the people.

Sir Roger at Home Summary in Hindi

‘Sir Roger At Home’ लेखक के अपने एक मित्र के देहाती घर पर बिताये गए कुछ दिनों की यादों का संग्रह है। Roger जो लेखक का मित्र है, उन्हें उसे आमंत्रित किया था। वह लेखक की आदतों और रुचियों से अवगत था। इसीलिए उसके ठहरने के दौरान उसने व्यवहार और आदतों के लिए कभी कोई आपत्ति नहीं जताई। लेखक Roger के परिवार जो भद्र लोगों का समूह था, के साथ मजे से रहा। नाइट (Roger) दुनिया का सबसे अच्छा मालिक था। उसने कभी कोई नौकर नहीं बदला। उसके नौकर और अन्य जुड़े हुए लोग उसके साथ ही बढ़े थे। भला बुढा नाइट एक परिवार के पिता और मालिक का मिश्रण था। सभी सदस्य हँसते-खेलते स्वभाव के थे। लेखक को Roger के रसोइये के विशेष देखरेख में रखा गया था। दूसरे सदस्य भी सहदय उसकी सेवा में तत्पर थे। Roger स्वयं अपना समय जंगलों और खेतों में बिताता

था। लेखक का मुख्य साथी Roger के घर में तीस वर्ष से अधिक अवधि से रहने वाला एक बहुत ही नम्र व्यक्ति था। दरअसल वह कुछ पढ़ा-लिखा अच्छे समझ का एक भद्र पुरुष था। परिवार में सभी सदस्य के साथ उसके अच्छे संबंध थे। Sir Roger अपने सभी गुणों के साथ विनोदी प्रकृति का व्यक्ति था। उसके गुण और अवगुण कुछ अतिश्योक्ति से मिले हुए थे जिससे वह कुछ अलग दिखाता था। वह मजेदार व्यक्ति था। लेखक के मित्र ने बताया कि वह व्यक्ति समझदार था और हर परिस्थिति को अच्छी तरह संभाल लेता था। जब वह पहली बार Roger के साथ रहने आया तो Roger ने अंग्रेजी में छपे हुए अच्छे उपदेशों का उपहार उसे दिया। Roger ने उससे अनुरोध किया कि वह प्रति रविवार उनमें से एक उपदेश सुनाए।

इसके अनुसार उस व्यक्ति ने उन्हें श्रृंखलाबद्ध इस तरह याद कर लिया कि वे स्वाभाविक रूप से एक के बाद एक स्वत: निकल पड़ते थे। यह सही में मनोरंजक था। इसी समय वह भद्र पुरुष जिसके बारे में वे बात कर रहे थे, वहाँ आया और उस उपदेश की चर्चा करने लगा जो उसे अगले दिन सुनाना था क्योंकि वह शनिवार की रात थी। तब उसने उन्हें पूरे वर्ष के उपदेशकों की एक सचि दिखाई। लेखक ने यह महसूस किया और उसके अच्छे गुण और साफ आवाज को मान लिया। वह एक गंभीर कलाकार लगता था। लेखक कामना करता है कि अधिक-से-अधिक गाँवों के पादरी इस व्यक्ति का अनुसरण करें। अपनी रचनाओं पर अपना समय बर्बाद करने से बेहतर वे अच्छे व्याख्यान पर ध्यान दें। यह उनके लिए न ज्यादा आसान होगा बल्कि लोगों के लिए भी श्रेयस्कर होगा।

Sir Roger at Home Word Meaning

Sir Roger at Home Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Sir Roger, who is very well acquainted with my humour, lets me rise and go to bed when I please; dine at his own table, or in my chamber, as I think fit; sit still, and say nothing, without bidding me be merry. When the gentlemen of the country come to see him, he only shows me at a distance. As I have been walking in his fields, I have observed them stealing a sight of me over an hedge, and have heard the knight desiring them not to let me see them, for that I hated to be stared at.

Questions:

(i) Who is ‘I’ in these lines?
(ii) Who is talked about in these lines?
(iii) What the narrator had observed while walking in the fields?
(iv) What is the meaning of ‘acquainted with’?
Answers:
(i) ‘I’ is the writer himself in these lines.
(ii) Sir Roger is talked about in these lines.
(iii) While walking in the fields the narrator had observed the family members looking at him silently.
(iv) “known”

2. At the same time the good old knight, with a mixture of the father and the master of the family, tempered the inquiries after his own affairs with several kin,d of questions relating to themselves. This humanity and good nature engages everybody to him, so that when he is pleasant upon any of them, all his family are in good humour, and none so much as the person whom he diverts himself with: on the contrary, if he coughs, or betrays any infirmity of old age, it is easy for a startder-by to observe a secret concern in the looks of all his servants.

Questions:
(i) What virtues of the old knight were described here?
(ii) What made him a lovable person?
(iii) How were the servants ready to serve him?
(iv) Give a word from the passage opposite in meaning to ‘open’?
Answers:
(i) The virtues of the old knight talked about in these lines w ere that he was a mixture of the father and the master of the family.
(ii) The master’s humanity and good nature made him a lovable person.
(iii) The servants were ready to do everything for the master.
(iv) ‘secret’.

3. I have observed in several of my papers, that my friend Sir Roger, amidst all his good qualities, is something of an humourist; and that his virtues, as well as imperfections, are, as it were, finged by a certain extravagance, which make them particularly his, and distinguishes them from those of other men. This cast of mind, as it is generally very innocent in itself, so it renders his conversation highly agreeable and more delightful than the same degree of sense and virtue would appear in their common and ordinary colours.

Questions:
(i) What had the writer observed about his friend Sir Roger?
(ii) What made Sir Roger different from other men?
(iii) What .was unique about Sir Roger?
(iv) Give a similar word from the passage for‘acceptable’.
Answers: .
(i) The writer had observed that his friend Sir Roger was a humourist.
(ii) Roger’s virtues as well as imperfections were tinged by a certain extravagance. This is made him different from the other men.
(iii) Roger was highly agreeable and more delightful than a common or ordinary man. It was unique about him.
(iv) ‘agreeable’.

4. He was now’ been with me thirty years, and though he does not know I have taken notice of it, has never in all that time asked anything of me for himself, though he is every’ day soliciting me for something in behalf of one or other of my tenants, his parishioners. These has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has lived among them: if any dispute arises, they apply themselves to him for the decision; if they do not acquiesce in his judgement, which I think never happened above once, or twice at most, they appeal to me. At his first setting with me, I made him a present of all good sermons which have been printed in English, and only begged of him that every Sunday he would pronounce one of them in the pulpit. Accordingly, he has digested them into such a series, that they follow one another naturally, and make a continued system of practical divinity

Questions:
(i) Who is talked about in these lines?
(ii) For how long the gentlemen living with Roger?
(iii) What did Roger present him?
(iv) What did Roger asked him to do?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘begged of’?
Answers:
(i) A good old gentleman is talked about in these lines.
(ii) He had been living with the Roger for more than thirty years.
(iii) One day Roger presented him a collection of good sermons printed in English.
(iv) Roger asked him to pronounce one of the sermons even,’ Sunday.
(v) ‘requested’.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

• Patriotism Class 11 Questions And Answers
• What the Moon Saw Class 11 Questions And Answers
• My Mother Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Brook Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Dilemma of the Scientist Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Cherry Tree Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mercy Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Of Studies Class 11 Questions And Answers
• To a Skylark Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mahatma Gandhi Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Model Millionaire Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Frog and the Nightingale Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Peace Class 11 Questions And Answers
• One Thousand Dollars Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sister Nivedita Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Captive Air of Chandipur Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sir Roger at Home Class 11 Questions And Answers
• King Porus – A Legend of Old Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mirabai Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Profit and Loss Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Dear Departed Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Pair of Mustachios Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Bishop’s Candlesticks Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Cup of Tea Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Gospel of Selfless Action Class 11 Questions And Answers

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 24 A Cup of Tea Questions and Answers

A Cup of Tea Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
Use the following Phrasal verbs in sentences of your own.

Well off
Pull up
Take off
Put out
Part with (something)
Point out
Look after
Bowl over
Answer:

• Well off- he belongs to a well off family.
• Pull up – He pulled his sleeve up.
• Take off – The plane has just taken off.
• Put out  –  Please put off the candle.
• Part with (something) – He was ready to part with all his belongings for the nation.
• Point out -I pointed out the fatal mistake in this case.
• Look after – There is no one to look after the child.
• Bowl over – This leader has bowled over the public with his talent.

Question 2.
Frame sentences to distinguish the following pairs of words:

read- red
too – two, to
one – won
pale – pail
blue – blew
scent – sent
stair – stare
price – prize
ghastly – ghostly
sweet – sweat

Answer:
read – red
read – I have read this book.
red-My favourite colour is red.

too – two, to
too – The bag is too heavy
two -I have two pens.
to – He went to the market.

one – won
one – He is a one eyed-man.
won – The team won the match.

pale – pail
pale – His face became pale out of fear.
pail – He fetched a part of water.

blue – blew
blue – The colour of sky is blue.
blew – The strong wind blew over many huts.

scent- sent
scent -I like the scent of this brand.
Sent – I have sent a letter to the authority.

stairstare
stair – The old man could not mount the stairs
stare – They stare at me.

price – prize
price – What is the price of this soap.
prize – I got a prize for achieving good marks in the examinations.

ghastly – ghostly
ghastly – He was murdered ghastly.
ghostly – There was a ghostly sound in the vicinity.

sweet – sweat
sweet – She has got a sweet voice.
Sweat – Excess of sweating is not good.

Comprehension

I. Here is provided a summary of the story “A Cup of Tea.” But the sequence has been disturbed. Put the sentences in proper order:
1. Rosemary Fell was young and handsome woman.
2. Rosemary loved to throw parties in which many important people participated.
3. Rosemary was always well-dressed
4. The girl asked Rosemary “would you let me have price of a cup of tea?” t
5. The Fells were really rich people,
6. The girl started to weep and said, “If I don’t get something to eat at once, I would faint,”
7. Rosemary said, “I am not so cruel”. ‘
8. The girl agreed to accompany Rosemary to her residence.
9. Rosemary saw a girl standing outside the antique shop,
10. The girl was wet and shivering,
11. Rosemary gave the girl some money and asked her to leave
12. Rosemary husband’said, “The girl is absolutely lovely.”
13. Rosemary told her husband that the girl went away.
14. .When the girl was having tea Rosemary’s husband saw her.
15. Rosemary asked the girl if she had no money in her pocket.
16. Rosemary took the girl to her house.
17. The girl suspected that Rosemary would take her to the police station.
18. Rosemary became jealous of the little girl. ,
19. Rosemary wanted to be called “pretty” by her husband.
20. Rosemary asked her husband, “Do you like me?”
Answer:
The above sentences can be put in the following pattern:

1. Rosemary Fell was young and handsome woman
2. Rosemary loved to throw parties in which many important people ‘participated.
3. Rosemary was always well dressed.
4. The Fells were really rich people.
5. Rosemary saw a girl standing outside the antique Shop.
6. The girl asked Rosemary “would you let me have price of a cup of tea?”
7. The girl was wet and shivering.
8. Rosemary asked the girl if she had no money in her pocket.
9. The girl agreed to accompany Rosemary to her residence.
10. Rosemary took the girl to her house.
11. The girl suspected that Rosemary would take her to the police station.
12. Rosemary said, “I am not so cruel.”
13. The girl started to weep and said, “If I don’t get something to eat at once, I would faint.”
14. When the girl was having tea Rosemary’s husband saw her,
15. Rosemary husband said, “The girl is absolutely lovely.”
16. Rosemary became jealous of the little girl.
17. Rosemary gave the girl some money and asked her to leave.
18. Rosemary told her husband that the girl went away.
19. Rosemary asked her husband, “Do you like me?”
20. Rosemary wanted to be called “pretty” by her husband.

II. Write answers the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Write a summary of the story ‘A Cup of Tea’ in your own words.
Answer:
See the summary in English.

Question 2.
Justify the title of the story ‘A Cup of Tea’.
Answer:
‘A Cup of Tea’ is an interesting story by Katherine Mansfield. She has appropriately chosen this title. The story throws light on the lifestyle of different women for whom fashion and show remain the ends of life. They miss no chance to show off their affluence by going for antiques and old books. This story writer brings out the contrast between the rich and the poor. The real story is centralized around the matter of a cup of tea.

A poor little girl asks Rosemary Fell for a price of cup of tea. Out of generous show off her affluence, Rosemary takes her home. She offers tea and snacks to the poor girl? In the meantime her husband Philip comes. He is surprised to see the poor girl who appears to him pretty and dovely when Rosemary knows it she becomes jealous of the poor girl. She Offers some money to her and asks her to go away. The story ends over a cup of tea. So the title is most suited.

Question 3.
Write a character-sketch of Rosemary highlighting:
(a) her appearance
(b) her hobbies
(c) her’affluence
(d) her sense of kindness
(J) her eccentricity
(g) her jealousy
Answer:
Rosemary Fell is the most prominent character in the story. She is young, brilliant, extremely modem, exquisitely well-dressed and amazingly well-read lady. She belongs to an affluent family. She likes to enjoy the parties of important people and artists. She is also fascinated for shopping and antique collection. The shop-keepers flatter her.

Rosemary is of generous nature. When she comes across a poor girl asking for the price for a cup of tea, she feels pity for her. She takes her home. She provides her tea and snacks. She becomes too much eccentric to the poor girl, so she provides her with her coat and other comforts also.

After all she has a heart of a lady. When her husband comes, he becomes . attracted to the girl. He asks Rosemary to take the girl to the dinner. He also says that the girl is pretty and lovely . This makes Rosemary jealous of the girl. Then suddenly her mind turns. She offers some money to the girl and asks her to go away at once.

Question 4.
Write a character-sketch of the poor girl, Miss Smith in your own words, covering the following aspects:
(a) her poverty
(b) her beauty
(c) her timidity
(d) her distrusting nature
(e) her behaviour
Answer:
Miss Smith is a poor girl with a major role in the story. First she appears when Rosemary Fell comes out of ah-antique shop. It is raining.The girl asks Rosemary for the price of a cup of tea. Rosemary turns to the ; girl who was extraordinary. She takes the girl home. She provides her with i her coat. The girl is no doubt beautiful. Though poor she looks confident. I Philip, Rosemary’s husband is surprised to see her. He is much attracted to j her, that he wants to take her to dinner.

The girl is looking somewhat timid for poverty. First she suspects whether Rosemary would send tier to the police. Her behaviour is childish. She is fascinating. She behaves like a nursery child. She is amazed to see the things in Rosemary’s house. Rosemary offers her some money and ask her to go away out of jealousy. Very innocently Miss Smith goes away. Learn the following special uses in the text
(See text book pages 214-215)

Question 5.
Find examples of double negative, imperatives and exclamations in other texts you read.
Answer:
Do yourself.

A Cup of Tea Summary in English

‘A Cup of Tea’ is a story which focuses on the life-style of affluent class of people. Rosemary Fell was a lady of not a perfect beauty nor was she completely negligible. It means if described into pieces she was young, brilliant, extremely modem, exquisitely well-dressed and amazingly well read in the newest of the new books. She always enjoyed the parties of important people and artists. She had been married two years ago. She had a family of two children and a loving husband. Her family was rich and so was her choice. She always liked to shop in a perfect shop in Regent Street. She liked to collect antiques.

One day near the antique shop of Curzon Street she found a girl asking for the price of a cup pf tea. The girl was simple, but extraordinary. Out of adventure Rosemary took her home. She thought to prove her self to be a real ideal character. She brought her home and provided her all comforts. She offered her coat to her. She was very much interested in her and wanted to listen to her story. The girl was only interested in a cup of tea. Rosemary provided her with all sorts of food along with the tea. The girl ate with satisfaction. In the meantime Philip, Rosemary’s husband came. He was surprised,to see the girl.

Philip asked Rosemary to come to the library. He wanted to know who was the girl. However, he also wished to take her to dinner that night. He praised the girl and said that she was pretty. This appreciation aroused a jealousy in Rosemary’s mind. She took five pound notes in her hand. Again she put two of them back. She gave three notes to the girl and asked her to go away. Still the words of her husband ‘pretty, lovely’ were haunting in her mind. Then she came to the library and informed Philip that the girl had gone. She was not willing to stay anymore. However Rosemary prepared herself to look beautiful She asked her husband whether she was pretty.

A Cup of Tea Summary in Hindi

‘ACup of Tea’ एक ऐसी कहानी है जो उच्च वर्ग के लोगों की जीवन-शैली पर प्रकाश डालती है। रोजमेरी फेल एक सम्पूर्ण सौंदर्यवाली महिला नहीं थी, लेकिन वह बिल्कुल नकारा भी नहीं थी। इसका अर्थ है कि यदि उसे अलग-अलग टुकड़ों में वर्णित किया जाए तो वह जवान, सुन्दर, अत्याधुनिक, अतिसुसज्जित और आश्चर्यजनक नवीनतम पुस्तकों को पढ़ी हुई थी। वह हमेशा महत्त्वपूर्ण लोगों और कलाकारों की पार्टियों का आनंद उठाती थी। दो वर्ष पहले उसकी शादी हुई थी। उसके परिवार में दो बच्चे थे और एक प्यारा पति था। उसका परिवार धनी था और उसकी चाहत थी। वह हमेशा रीजेन्ट स्ट्रीट की दुकान में खरीदारी बकरना पसंद करती थी। प्राचीन वस्तुओं का संग्रह उसे पसंद था। एक दिन कर्जन स्ट्रीट के निकट प्राचीन वस्तु बेचने वाली दुकान के पास उसे एक लड़की मिली, जो उससे एक कप चाय के लिए पैसे मांग रही थी। वह एक साधारण लेकिन अद्भुत लड़की थी।

एक नए जोश में आकर रोजमेरी उसे अपने घर ले आयी। वह अपने को एक सचमुच आदर्श चरित्र साबित करना चाहती थी। वह उसे घर लाकर उसे सभी-आराम मुहैया कराये। उसने उसे अपना कोट दिया। वह उस लड़की में बहुत रुचि ले रही थी और उसकी कहानी सुनना चाहती थी। लड़की की रुचि केवल एक कप चाय में थी। रोजमेरी ने चाय के साथ उसे हर प्रकार का खाना दिया। लड़की संतुष्ट होकर खायी। इसी बीच रोजमेरी का पति फिलिप वहां आया। वह लड़की को देखकर चौंक गया। फिलिप ने रोजमेरी को लाइब्रेरी में आने को कहा। वह जानना चाहता था कि लड़की की कौन है। उसने उसे उस रात डिनर पर ले जाने की इच्छा जताई। उसने लड़की की प्रशंसा की और कहा कि वह सुंदर है। इस प्रशंसा ने रोजमेरी के दिमाग में लड़की के प्रति जलन पैदा कर दी। उसने अपने हाथ में पाँच पाउण्ड का नोट रखा, फिर उसने उसमें से दो वापस रख लिया। उसने लड़की को तीन नोट दिए और उसे वहाँ से चले जाने को कहा। अभी भी उसके दिमाग में उसके पति के शब्द ‘सुन्दर, प्यारी’ गूंज रहे थे। अब वह लाइब्रेरी में आयी और फिलिप को बताया कि वह लड़की जा चुकी है क्योंकि वह वहां से अधिक नहीं रुकना चाहती थी। रोजमेरी अपने को सुंदर दिखाने के लिए तैयार किया। उसने अपने पति से पूछा कि क्या वह सुन्दर दिख रही है?

A Cup of Tea Word Meaning

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

• Patriotism Class 11 Questions And Answers
• What the Moon Saw Class 11 Questions And Answers
• My Mother Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Brook Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Dilemma of the Scientist Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Cherry Tree Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mercy Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Of Studies Class 11 Questions And Answers
• To a Skylark Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mahatma Gandhi Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Model Millionaire Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Frog and the Nightingale Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Peace Class 11 Questions And Answers
• One Thousand Dollars Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sister Nivedita Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Captive Air of Chandipur Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sir Roger at Home Class 11 Questions And Answers
• King Porus – A Legend of Old Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mirabai Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Profit and Loss Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Dear Departed Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Pair of Mustachios Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Bishop’s Candlesticks Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Cup of Tea Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Gospel of Selfless Action Class 11 Questions And Answers

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 1 Patriotism Questions and Answers

Patriotism Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

(a). What meaning does the word ‘breath’ convey in the poem? ‘
Answer:
The word “breath’ conveys the meaning ‘living’.

(b). The word ‘soul’ has been used in the poem to mean a person’s inner character. Look up the dictionary and find out the other meaning of ‘soul’.
Answer:
The other meaning of ‘soul’ is the spiritual or immortal element in a person.

Comprehension

1. The poet praises his native land.
2. A person is happy in a foreign land.
3. A person who loves his country loses all his wealth.
4. There is no one on earth who does not love his mother land.
5. A person who does not love his motherland dies unhonoured.
Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True.

I. Answer the following questions in one sentence.

Question 1.
Whose soul does the poet say is ‘dead’?
Answer:
The soul of one who has no love for his native land is ‘dead’.

Question 2.
Who does the poet ask to mark well?
Answer:
One who does not love his native land.

Question 3.
What delights the minstrel?
Answer:
The return of a patriotic person to his motherland delights the minstrel.

Question 4.
How can a person doubly die?
Answer:
An unpatriotic man is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him which is another death.

Question 5.
What is meant by ‘vile dust’?
Answer:
‘Vile dust’ is used in the sense that is given birth to a person without love for his native land.

II. Answer the following questions in 100 to 150 words.

Question 1.
What happens to a person who returns home from a foreign land?
Answer:
The return of a person from a foreign land is a matter of great joy. It is his love and attraction to his native land that brings him home. He feels proud. He with full confidence and, pride declares that ‘this is my home, my native land’ all the time, He feels delight of his feeling and love for nation.

People welcome him with all pride and pleasure. The minstrel entertains him with all his art and skill. He is given honour and name and fame. He becomes an ideal man. He makes his country great. He has brought all laurels for his native land. Such a persons becomes a role-model. The nation feels proud to have such a patriotic son of the soil.

Question 2.
What does the poet mean by ‘for him so minstrel raptures swell’?
Answer:
The poet in this poem deals with the theme of patriotism. He feels that a man who loves his country is great. He is the real son of the soil. The poet hardly believes that there would be anyone who has no love for his native land. There is perhaps no one whose soul is not delighted at the feeling of his land. A person with such a feeling of love for nation deserves all our praise and honour. Whenever he returns home after wandering from foreign lands, he is welcomed warmly. But the man with no shell feeling is a bad name for the nation. He does not deserve any praise or honour. No minstrel tries to praise him or honour him.

Question 3.
What are the attributes of a patriot? Can he die unwept, unhonoured and unsung? If no, why?
Answer:
A patriot deserve all honour and reputation. He gets high name and fame.He is warmly welcomed by the people of his land. Minstrels welcome him with all intensity of praise. He lives a life full of ease and comfort. Whenever he dies, it becomes a national mourning. People show their deep concern for him. The country men shed tears for him. He is honoured even after his death. Poets and musicians compose songs in his praise. He becomes immortal in the heart of the people.

Question 4.
Write a summary of the poem ‘Patriotism’ in your own words.
Answer:
This poem deals with the theme of patriotism. The poet, Sir Walter Scott, says that there is hardly any man with a soul so dead to not say that “this is my own, my native land”. There is hardly anyone who does not feel proud or pressure after returning from a foreign land to his own land. The poet says if there is any mark him well for he does not deserve any praise He may be a man with high title or name with boundless possessions and high wishes.

He, as the poet says, is a wretch and selfish, while living, he shall lose all his comfort and riches, and after his death there will be nomourning for hum He will die quite un-noticed, He is a doubly-dying man. The poet means to say that a man without patriotic feeling is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him. It is another death. The poet concludes that the person who does not love his country will die a death of ignominy.

Question 5.
Write a note to justify the title of the poem.
Answer:
The poem patriotism deals with the theme of patriotism. All through the poem, the poet talks about the man who has love for his native land. Such a man gets praise and position everywhere. Minstrels honour him with all pleasure. Even after his death he is remembered forever. His death becomes a national mourning. The poet also talks about the person who has no patriotic feeling for his nation. Such a man does not deserve any praise. Despite his power and position, he lives known and dies unnoticed. No one
weeps for him. As the poem only presents the aspects of patriotism, the title becomes appropriate.

III. Match the words in list ‘A’ with their antonyms in ‘B’

A	B
(i) dead (ii) native (iii) bound (iv) proud (v)  vile (vi) honoured (vii) rapture	(a) unhonoured (b) unhappiness (c) living (d)  foreign (e)  unbound (f)  humble (g)  noble

Answer:
(i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (e), (iv) (f), (v) (g.), (vi) (a). (vii) (b)

IV. Keeping the theme in the mind, write one sentence using the following phrases:
soul so dead, on a foreign strand, forfeit, fair renown, whence he sprung, doubly dying.
Answer:

• Soul so dead: There is no one in the world with a soul so dead.
• On a foreign strand: He was very comfortable on a foreign strand
• Forfeit:. All the property of the tractor has been forfeited
• Fair renown: His sacrifices achieved him a fair renown.
• When he sprung: He was down in the soil from whence he sprung.
• Doubly dying: A man without feeling of his nation or motherland is a man of doubly dying character.

V. ‘Un’- is a prefix used to make antonyms of words Like, unwept unhonoured and unsang. Find 10 more words which have ‘un’ as a prefix arid write then in your notebook.
Answer:

1. unborn
2. unfit
3. unexpected
4. unhappy
5. undone
6. uneven
7. unearth
8. unpaid
9. undress
10. uneasy

Speaking Activity

Question 1.
Organised an elocution competition in your class on ‘east or west, my country is the best? Each student will speak for 2 – 3 minutes.
Answer:
‘East or West. My country is the best’ is a very old and common outburst of any mind. But it is a fact that one’s own country is really great and supersedes all the other nations. Other countries may be economically sound, technologically advanced, socially and politically conscious, still it can’t match with one’s own nation. It is because one has born of his native soil. There are a lot of memories, intermingled with his blood. There is passion, love, sympathy and feeling for each other There are really unique qualities for any other nations. One’s native land is always comforting, soothing and nourishing, Hence, it is the best after all.

Writing Activity

Question 1.
Write short paragraph on how country has made progress in the following fields.
(a) Science and Technology
(b) Health and Hygiene
(c) Sports
(d) Economy
(e) Agriculture
Answer:
(a) Science and Technology:

Even before India became Independent, Jawaharlal Nehru visualized that in a fast changing world, India’s future will be shaped by our ability to harness modern science and technology for national development In the vast changes that are taking place in the world, the most significant is the triumph of science. The advances in science and technology have emerged as a major determinant of the wealth and power of a nation These developments have profound implications on the management of the future patterns of social and economic growth.

In the past the comparative advantage of the nation depended on either its endowment of natural resources or factor proportions as determined by the relative scarcity of capital and labour. The rapid technological advances in transport and communication have greatly reduced the dependency on natural resources and reductions on border duties have helped to create a world market In this increasingly integrated and interdependent world economy, India should create an environment conducive to production, absorption and assimilation of new technologies into development processes.

(b) Health and Hygiene:

Good health is a boon. It is a real,jewel of life, the most precious possession of man. If a man loses his health, the world loses all his charm for hint To maintain good health no money is needed It can be achieved only through our efforts and proper health care. We can keep good health only if we are aware of various factors which affect our health.

We must keep our living and working areas dean in order to prevent illness and diseases We must be aware of food hygiene, personal hygiene, etc. These are the secrets of good health Our food should be fresh and kept away from dust, flies, insect and microbes to avoid any infection and spoilage. We should wash our face and hands with soap before eating or handling the food. We should keep ourselves away from smoking, drinking alcohol, taking addictive dings, chewing tobacco, etc.

They can have damaging effects on our body and mind. Thus, maintain clean habits is very important to maintain good health. if we don’t take bath regularly. don’t wear clean clothes, don’t cat fresh food, we may develop physical complication in the long run. Hence, regularities good habits and cleanliness have great value in maintaining good health. In nutshell, we can say that health and hygiene side by side.

(c) Sports:

No one deny the importance of sports in life. Sports are as necessary for the mind as for the body. They keep us physically fit and unable us to enjoy the blessings of good health. As healthy brain can reside only in a healthy body, games and sports are also necessary for intellectual progress. No doubt there are physical exercises that may be taken alone, but there difference between such exercise and those taken in company.

The former seems like tasks imposed, while the latter combines the pleasure of company and competition with exercise. So the latter creates greater enthusiasm and greater interest than the former Sports also help the formation . They have to be played under some definite rules and captains and supervisors are appointed to see that these rules are not broken. Success in sports requires the players to cooperate with one another and look to the interest of the team as a whole, and not their personal glory.

This teaches them unselfish teamwork and cooperative spirit. Sports also develop some other qualities such as quickness of decision and movement, firmness of mind, which are so necessary in every walk of life.

(d) Economy:

Economy stands for the economic condition of a country. In an economically developed country people earn a higher income and ail the requirements and facilities needed are available to them. The economy of a country is measured on the basis of the national income and per capital income.

National income is defined as the total value of all the goods and services produced within a country plus income coming from abroad. When the total national income is divided by the total population it is called per capital income.

Economic development is therefore a long-term increase in per capital income along with improvement in quality of life. During the last few decades we have seen that our economy has marked a tremendous growth due to globalisation. A number of multi-national banks and companies established their branches, in india. Imported products have been launched. India’s per capital income has increased a lot. It has changed the quality of our life.

(e) Agriculture:

India is a land of agriculture. Nearly two-third of its population depends directly on agriculture. It is the main stay of India’s economy. It accounts for 26 percent of the gross domestic product. It ensures food security for the country and produces several raw materials for industries Agriculture is mainly concerned with cultivation It also includes animal husbandry, forestry and pisciculture.

India is most suited country for agriculture It has vast span of level-land and rich soils, wide climate variations suited for various types of crops, ample sun-shine and a long growing season. Agriculture has advanced considerably after Independence and its contribution to export trade of India is also significant.

There are three crop seasons in India mainly kharif, rabi and zaid crops like tice, maize, millets cotton. etc. are grown in the kharif season which begins in June- July to October_November Crops like wheat, barley, grain, oil seeds are grown in rabi season which begins in October—November and continues to March—April- Zaid is short crop season of summer in which rices maize. vegetables, etc. arc grown. Agriculture is the life-line of India.

Think It Over

(i) What are the factors that make your country different from other countries?
(ii) What are the special aspects that make you feel proud of your country?
Answer:
(i) India is one of the most ethinically diverse countries in the world. Apart from her many religions and sects India is home to innumerable castes and tribes as well as to more than a dozen major and hundreds of minor linistic groups from several totally different language families. Religion, an inseparable part of Indian life permeates every aspect of life. from common place daily chores to education and politics. Secular India is home to Hinduism.

Islam, Christianity Buddhism. Jainism, Sikhism and other innumerable religious tradition with Hinduism being the dominant faith practised by our so present of the population. These are the factors that make our country different from other countries.

(ii) The following special aspects make my feel proud of my country:

• In spite of numerous social, cultured. religious and social diversities. India still remains a largely unified country. The concept of unity has been running thread among various indian religions and cultures.
• The bond of love that exists among the family members is very unique. it is not temporary or flexible but permanent and rigid.
• The simplicity of the village people is also a special aspect that make me proud of my country

Think To Do

1. Find out who were the freedom fighters in your village, city or town. Fill in the grid given below:

Now on the basis of the information write five sentences on each of the freedom fighters:

S.No. Name of the Freedom fighter	Date of birth	The task done as a freedom fighter
1 Bal Gangadhar Tilak	23 July 1856	Launched the Home Rule League Movement.
2. Lala Lajpat Rai	1865	Led the Non-cooperation Movement in Punjab.
3. Thakur Kanwar Singh	1782	A leading force during 1857 revolt.
4. Ras Behari Bose	1886	A very active subordinate of Subhash Chandra Bose.
5. Nana Saheb	1824	A leading force during 1857 revolt.

1. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the first Indian leader to give the slogan, freedom is m birthright and I shall have it.

• For his anti-imperialistic activities he was sent to jail many tiznes.
• In 1908. he as given 6 years of imprisonment for his activities against the British nile
• In 1916. together with Anne Besant he launched the Home Rzilc League Movement
• He strived for nationalism throughout his life.

2. Lala Laj pat Rai joined the freedom struggle at a very early age,

• He visited England several times to confer with the British about the betterment of Indians.
• In 1920, he led the Non-cooperation Movement in Punjab and was sent to jail.
• He led the black flag detnonstration against the Simon Commission
• He did not believe in Non-violence for throwing off the yoke of the British slavery.

3. Thakur Kanwar Singh led his forces as a general during 1857, First War of Independence.

• The revolt in Danapur, Bihar started with his inspiration,
• He organized the national rebels, attacked Aara and conquered it.
• British efforts to recapture Aara vere thwarted by Thakur Kanwar Singiis brave defiance.
• He is remembered with great reverence among the freedom fighters of Biliar.

4. Ras Behari Bose was a great revolutionary.

• He was of the opinion that only violent opposition can force the British to leave India.
• He was a militant.
• He was involved in 1912 bomb case.
• In 1915, he left india for japan and started preparing his war against the British.

5. Nana Saheb along with Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi is remembered as the pieneer of the 1857 war of independence

• He was accredited for having lit the torch of the 1857 revolt and spreading its light to other pairs of the country.
• His ability to prepare for the revolt speaks of his bravery.
• He was instrumental in bringing Hindu-Muslim together to fight under one banner.

Here is the list of states in the four zones of India.

• East: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Biliar, Chhattisgarh, Darjeeling, Jharkand, Mizocani, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya.
• North: Himadial Pradcsh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Haryana, Puiab.
• South: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Kamataka, Kerala, Lakshadwaep, Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu.
• West: Dadar and Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, (Goa, Gujarat MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra.

A. The shortest route to Kanyakumari with the following details:
(a) Means of transport available.
(b) Total no. of days required.
(c) Places he should visit during the tour.
Answer:
Golden Opportunity
Don’t Miss
Excellent Tour Agency
Offers
A Tour to Kanya Kumari
Seven – days Package
Total Cost – Twelve thousand per heed
(with hotel, sight – seeing, etc.)
Contact – Mr. Rana
Mob. No., -9931504321

B. A Pilgrimage to temples of South.
(a) Places to visit.
(b) Travel time.
(c) Other important places, monuments that can be clubbed with this pilgrimage.

For Example: Travel and Tour Packages
Table:
Answer:
Go to Kerala
Visit
Thiruvananthapurani/abode
Mosque and Churches
Caves and Hills
Most Affordable
A Tour for 15 days
of temples,
Contact – P.K. Pat!
Mob. No. – 09323450181

1. Develop a dialogue with the person who is responding to your advertisement convincing him to take your offer. Begin like this:
Traveller: I would like to visit South. I have some queries about your package tour.
Travel Agent: I will be glad to answer all your questions.
Traveller: Do I have to take the whole tour as advertised by you or can I pick the places I
am interested in?
Travel Agent: You may/you can’t because …………..
Answer:
Travel Agent: You may/you cant because ours is a planned tour. If you make any change it will affect the
whole group.
Traveller: I am ready to pay all the extra expenses.
Travel Agent: Sorry, we don’t allow you to do so. If you agree to our plan, you can conic and enjoy.

Summary in English

This poem deals with the theme of patriotism. The poet, Sir Walter Scott, says that there is hardly any man with a soul so dead to not say that “this is my own, my native land”. There is hardly anyone who does not feel proud or pressure after returning from a foreign land to his own land. The poet says if there is any mark him well for he does not deserve any praise He may be a man with high title or name with boundless possessions and high wishes, He, as the poet says, is a wretch and selfish, while living, he shall lose all his comfort and riches, and after his death there will be nomourning for hum He will die quite
un-noticed, He is a doubly-dying man.

The poet means to say that a man without patriotic feeling is almost dead and after his real death no one remembers him. It is another death. The poet concludes that the person who does not love his country will die a death of ignominy.

Patriotism Summary in Hindi

प्रस्तुत कविता का विषय-वस्तु देशभक्ति है। कवि, सर वाल्टर स्कॉट कहता है कि शायद ही कोई व्यक्ति ऐसा होगा जो यह नहीं कहता होगा कि यह मेरा अपना देश है। शायद ही कोई व्यक्ति ऐसा होगा जो विदेश से अपने देश लौटने पर आनंद का अनुभव नहीं करता, होगा। कवि कहता है कि यदि कोई ऐसा है तो उसे ठीक से परखो, क्योंकि वह किसी की प्रशंसा पाने के योग्य नहीं है। वह, अपार संपत्ति के साथ बड़ी पदवी नाम और ऊँची आकांक्षाओं वाला हो सकता है। वह, जैसा कि कवि कहता है, एक दरिद्र और स्वार्थी इंसान है।

अपने जीवन काल में ही वह सारे आराम और धन को खो देगा और मृत्यु के बाद उसके लिए कोई शोक नहीं होगा। वह बिल्कुल अनजाना मरेगा। वह दोहरे मौत वाला व्यक्ति है। कवि के कहने का तात्पर्य है कि देशभक्ति की भावना से रहित व्यक्ति लगभग मरा हुआ है और उसकी वास्तविक मृत्यु के बाद उसे कोई भी याद नहीं करता है। यह उसकी दूसरी मौत है। कवि यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि वह व्यक्ति जिसके दिल में अपने देश के लिए प्यार नहीं है, गुमनाम ही मर जाता है। .

Patriotism Word Meaning



Patriotism Comprehension

Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Breathes there the man with soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
“This is my own, my native land!”
Whose heart hath never within him burn’d,
As home his footsteps he Jiath turn’d,
From wandering in a foreign strand!

Questions:
(i) Who does the poet talk about in these lines?
(ii) Name the poem and the poet of these lines?
(iii) What does the poet mean by “the man with soul so dead”?
(iv) What does ‘foreign strand’ mean?
Answers:
(i) The poet talks about the patriotic feeling of a man in these Lines.
(ii) The poem Is ‘patriotism’ and the poet is Sir Walter Scott.
(iii) The poem means that there is hardly any man thing with a soul without fr feeling of patriotism
(iv) ‘Foreign strand’ means the foreign boundary.

2. Despite those titles, power and peef, 
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown?
And doubly dying shall go down.

Questions:
(i) Who is a ‘wretch’?
(ii) Why does the poet says that the powerful man will lose his reputation?
(iii) Explain the meaning of the expression ‘doubly dying’?
(iv) Find the word in the stanza similar in meaning of
(a) money
(b) lose.
Answers:
(i) A ‘Wretch is a man who does not love his native land.
(ii) The poet says this because a man without love for his native land does not deserve any power.
(iii) The expression ‘doubly dying’ means that a man without patriotic feeling is almost dead 2nd after his real death no one remembers him. It is another death,
(iv) (a) peif
(b) forfeit.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

• Patriotism Class 11 Questions And Answers
• What the Moon Saw Class 11 Questions And Answers
• My Mother Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Brook Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Dilemma of the Scientist Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Cherry Tree Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mercy Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Of Studies Class 11 Questions And Answers
• To a Skylark Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mahatma Gandhi Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Model Millionaire Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Frog and the Nightingale Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Peace Class 11 Questions And Answers
• One Thousand Dollars Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sister Nivedita Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Captive Air of Chandipur Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sir Roger at Home Class 11 Questions And Answers
• King Porus – A Legend of Old Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mirabai Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Profit and Loss Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Dear Departed Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Pair of Mustachios Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Bishop’s Candlesticks Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Cup of Tea Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Gospel of Selfless Action Class 11 Questions And Answers

Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 18 India’s Gift to the World Questions and Answers

India’s Gift to the World Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Fill in the blanks to complete the following paragraph with the help of the words given in the box.
बॉक्स में दिये गये शब्दों से निम्नलिखित पैराग्राफ के खाली स्थाने भरकर इसे पूरा कीजिए।
Answer:
history, providence, everything. sacrificed, dearer, study, living. foreign lands, knowledge, service, rejoice, single.

Comprehension

A.  Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दा वाक्यों में दीजिए।।

Question 1.
What was the author concerned about before visiting India ?
भारत आने से पूर्व लेखक की चिन्ता का विषय क्या था ?
Answer:
He was concerned about gathering material for a biography of Mahatma Gandhi.
उसकी चिन्ता का विषय महात्मा गाँधी के जीवन वृतान्त के लिए सामग्री एकत्रित करना था।

Question 2.
What was the only decoration in Gandhiji’s hut’ (2012, 15)
Answer:
The only decoration was a black and white print of Jesus Christ with the inscription, “He is our peace”.
एकमात्र अलंकरण था ईसा मसीह का श्वेत-श्याम चित्र जिस पर लिखा था, “यह हमारी शान्ति है।”

Question 3.
What religion Gandhiji confess to believe in’ (2008)
गाँधीजी का विश्वास किस धर्म में था ?
Answer:
He was a Christian and a Hindu and Muslim and a Jew.
वे ईसाई थे, हिन्दू थे, मुस्लिम थे और यहूदी थे।

Question 4.
Why did Gandhiji regret that people gave him adulation ?
गाँधीजी को खेद क्यों था कि लोग उनकी चापलूसी करते थे ?
Answer:
Because he wanted them to accept his way of life.
क्योंकि वे चाहते थे कि लोग उनकी जीवनपद्धति को स्वीकार करें।

Question 5.
How did the author come to know that Gandhiji had been killed ?
लेखक को कैसे पता चला कि गाँधीजी की हत्या हो गई है ?
Answer:
He came to know it when he turned on his radio on the morning of 31 January, 1948.
उन्हें तब पता चला जब उन्होंने 31 जनवरी, 1948 की सुबह अपना रेडियो चालू किया।

Question 6.
What did Gandhiji prescribe for mental health ?
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए गाँधीजी का क्या नुस्खा था ?
Answer:
For mental health Gandhiji prescribed truth.
मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए गाँधीजी का नुस्खा था सत्य ।

Question 7.
What was Gandhiji’s elixir of growth ? (2009)
विकास के लिए गाँधीजी का अमृत क्या था ?
Answer:
His elixir was fearlessness.
उनका अमृत था निर्भीकता।

Question 8.
What, according to Gandhiji was the central evil of the modern world?
गाँधीजी के अनुसार आधुनिक विश्व की मुख्य बुराई क्या थी ?
Answer:
According to him the central evil was materialism.
उनके अनुसार मुख्य बुराई भौतिकवाद थी।

Question 9.
How did Gandhiji pay for his principles ?
गाँधीजी ने अपने सिद्धान्तों की कीमत कैसे चुकाई ?
Answer:
He did it by going to jail, by inviting death and by courting poverty.
उन्होंने उसे जेल जाकर, मृत्यु का आह्वान करके तथा गरीबी को गले लगाकर चुकाई।

Question 10.
Why, according to the author, did most ofGandhiji’s followers accept his leadership?
लेखक के अनुसार उनक अधिकतर अनुयायियों ने उनके नेतृत्व को क्यों स्वीकार किया ?
Answer:
They merely accepted his leadership because it smoothed the way to their objective which was an Indian nation without the British.
उन्होंने उनका नेतृत्व इसलिए स्वीकार किया क्योंकि वह उनके उद्देश्य अर्थात् भारत राष्ट्र बिना अंग्रेजों के, को प्राप्त करने में उनका रास्ता आसान बना रहे थे।

Question 11.
What would be the best symbol of Gandhiji’s philosophy according to the author ?
लेखक के अनुसार गाँधीजी के दर्शन का सबसे अच्छा प्रतीक क्या होगा ?
Answer:
The best symbol of Gandhiji’s philosophy would be the two parallel bars of the equal sign.
गाँधीजी के दर्शन का सबसे अच्छा प्रतीक बराबर के चिह्न के दो समानान्तर दण्ड है।

Question 12.
What were the manifestations of status in India ?
भारत में प्रतिष्ठा का दिखावा क्या था ?
Answer:
It was the caste system, the torture of untouchables and pride.
वे थे जाति प्रथा, अछूतों को दी जाने वाली यातना और घमण्ड।

B. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
[इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर दो से चार वाक्यों में दीजिए।]

Question 1.
The writer weeps on Gandhiji’s death. He still says that it was the best way to die. What are his justifications for this statement ? Do you agree with him?
लेखक गाँधीजी की मृत्यु पर रो पड़ते हैं। तब भी वे कहते हैं कि मृत्यु का यह सबसे अच्छा रास्ता था। इस कथन से समर्थन में उनका तर्क क्या है ? क्या आप इससे सहमत है ?
Answer:
His justification is that Gandhiji had been a fighter all his life and it would have been strange if he had died of a cold. I fully agree with him.

उनका तर्क यह है कि गाँधीजी जीवन भर जुझारू रहे और यदि वे सर्दी जुकाम से मरते अर्थात् एक आम इन्सान की मौत मरते तो थोड़ा अजीब लगता। मैं उनके मत से पूरी तरह सहमत हूँ।

Question 2.
In what sense was Gandhiji a self remade man ? (2011)
किस रूप में गाँधीजी एक स्वयं पुनर्निर्मित व्यक्ति थे ?
Answer:
He was an ordinary individual, a blundering boy, a mediocre student and a poor lawyer. Then he changed himself and became a great leader, a saint.

वे साधारण व्यक्ति थे, एक गलती करने वाला बालक, एक औसत दर्जे का विद्यार्थी और एक कमजोर वकील। फिर उन्होंने अपने को बदला और एक महान नेता, एक सन्त बन गये।

Question 3.
What warning did Gandhiji give on renouncing a worldly asset? What suggestions did he give on this subject ?
गाँधीजी ने सांसारिक सम्पत्ति त्यागने के सम्बन्ध में क्या चेतावनी दी थी ? इस विषय पर उन्होंने क्या सुझाव दिये थे ?
Answer:
Gandhiji wamed that one should not renounce a worldly asset in a mood of self-sacrifice or out of a sense of duty. He suggested that one should do it only when that thing no longer had an attraction or when it started interfering with one’s recent desires.

गाँधीजी ने चेतावनी दी थी कि व्यक्ति को सांसारिक सम्पत्ति का परित्याग आत्मत्याग के भावावेश में अथवा कर्त्तव्य की भावना से नहीं करना चाहिए। उन्होंने सुझाव दिया कि ऐसा केवल उस समय करना चाहिए जब उस चीज के प्रति व्यक्ति में कोई आकर्षण नहीं बचा हो या जब वह व्यक्ति की वर्तमान आकांक्षाओं में बाधा डालने लगी हो।

Question 4.
How is the life of Gandhiji remembered ? (2008, 09)
गाँधीजी के जीवन को कैसे याद किया जाता है ?
Answer:
He is remembered as an outstanding individual of the twentieth century or perhaps of the preceding nineteenth too. He was an Indian but now he belongs to the world.
उन्हें बीसीं सदी के और शायद पिछली उन्नीसी के भी एक आदर्श पुरुष के रूप में याद किया जाता है। वे भारतीय थे किन्तु अब वे विश्व के हैं।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिये। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिये जा रहे हैं।]

A Pick out the adverb clauses in the following sentences.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में adverb clauses छाँटिये।।
Answer:

• where angels fear to tread.
• as he had expected.
• even if you pay me.
• so terrible that very few people survived.
• Since you swear to serve me faithfully.
• whenever he is sent for.
• If you have tears.
• than false promise.
• lest your lord come in the night.
• before you forget.

B. Match items under A with those under B to make sentences with conditional clauses. Use correct punctuation and write complete sentences.
[A में दी गई वस्तुओं का B के clauses से मिलान करो। सही विराम चिह्न प्रयुक्त करो और पूरे वाक्य लिखो।।
Answer:

• If I make a promise, I keep.
• If she had bought a television, her children would have watched the serials.
• You will miss the train if you don’t hurry.
• If it rains, we shall stay at home.
• I would wear woollen clothes if it was snowing.

India’s Gift to the World Summary in Hindi

मैं एक बार फिर महात्मा गाँधी के जीवनवृतान्त के लिए सामग्री एकत्रित करने उस भारतवर्ष की ओर जा रहा था जो एक मनोरंजक एवं निर्णायक देश है। ऐसा लग सकता है कि इटली से सीधे भारत जाने में एक बड़ा परिवर्तन होगा लोग, भूगोल, इतिहास और दोनों देशों की समस्याएँ इतनी भिन्न हैं। किन्तु दोनों देशों में रह रहे मित्रों के कारण यह परिवर्तन आसान हो गया और हालाँकि समस्याएँ अलग लगती थीं किन्तु आवश्यक निदान दोनों का एक ही था-विधान द्वारा लाई गई एक सामाजिक क्रान्ति जो गरीब और अमीर तथा नीची और ऊँची जातियों के बीच के कष्टदायक अन्तर को खत्म कर दे।

गाँधीजी इटली, यूरोप, दोनों अमेरिका और अफ्रीका से दूर नहीं हैं। जितना ही मैं उनके जीवन के बारे में सोचता हूँ उतना ही वे आज के पश्चिमी विश्व की चिन्ताओं के लिए प्रासंगिक प्रतीत होते हैं। गाँधीजी के सिद्धान्तों और कार्यविधि की थोड़ी सी प्रेरणा से भी सभी जगह युद्ध के बाद का काल बहुत भिन्न होता । मैं 1942 में एक सप्ताह के लिए गाँधीजी के गाँव में उनके मेहमान के रूप में रह चुका हूँ और मैंने उनको बुद्धिमान, तनाव रहित, अपने विचारों को खुलकर व्यक्त करने वाला और संवेदनशील पाया था।

एक दिन उनसे हुए एक घण्टे के साक्षात्कार के दौरान मैंने संकेत दिया कि उनकी मिट्टी की दीवार पर मात्र एक अलंकरण था : ईसा मसीह का एक श्वेत श्याम चित्र जिस पर लिखा था, “यह हमारी शान्ति है।” “यह कैसे ?”, मैंने पूछा, “आप तो ईसाई नहीं है।” “मैं एक ईसाई, एक हिन्दू, एक मुस्लिम और एक यहूदी हूँ।”, उन्होंने उत्तर दिया। उन्होंने सहनशीलता से आगे जाकर दूसरों से तादात्म्य स्थापित किया था जो प्रेम का पर्याय है। इस कारण गाँधीजी

ईसाइयों से अधिक ईसाई थे वे ईसा के समान थे। अगर गाँधीजी भारत में तीन हजार वर्ष पूर्व पैदा हुए होते तो उनके बारे में देवकथाएँ बन गई होती और उनका यौवन अलौकिक घटनाओं से पूर्ण हो गया होता और ईश्वर के समान उनकी पूजा होने लगती। राजनीति में शुद्धता को अंगीकार करके वे सन्त राजनेता बन गये। मैं उनके साथ भारत के कई भागों में गया। मैंने उनके साथ बम्बई से पूना तक रेलवे के तृतीय श्रेणी के डिब्बे में यात्रा की। जहाँ भी गाड़ी रुकती, मानसून की भारी बारिश के बावजूद वहाँ भारी संख्या में लोग उपस्थित मिलते। एक स्टेशन पर करीब चौदह साल के दो लड़के, अपनी भूरी त्वचा तक भीगे हुए, उनके काले बालों से पानी टपकता हुआ, गाँधीजी की खिड़की के पास उछल-उछलकर चिल्ला रहे थे, “गाँधीजी, गाँधीजी, गाँधीजी।” (‘जी’ आदरसूचक प्रत्यक है) गाँधी मुदित मुद्रा में थे।

“आप उनके लिए क्या हैं ?” मैंने पूछा। उन्होंने अपनी मुट्ठी अँगूठे को ऊपर उठाते हुए कनपटी पर रखी, “सींगों वाला एक इन्सान, एक दर्शनीय वस्तु।”, उन्होंने उत्तर दिया। उन्हें सदा इस बात पर खेद होता था कि लोग उनकी चाटुकारिता करते हैं जबकि वे उनसे अपनी जीवनपद्धति की स्वीकारोक्ति चाहते थे। उस साल मैंने उनके संसर्ग में आठ दिन बताए। मैं गाँधीजी से अपने सम्बन्ध के लिए कोई बड़ा शब्द प्रयोग करने से हिचकता हूँ, कदाचित मैंने उन्हें प्यार करना शुरू कर दिया था। दो वर्ष बाद, 31 जनवरी, 1948 शनिवार की सुबह आठ बजे मैंने अपने न्यूयॉर्क के फ्लैट में रेडियो चालू किया तो सुना कि गाँधीजी की नयी दिल्ली में अपनी प्रार्थना सभा में गत दिवस हत्या कर दी गई।

मैंने गाँधीजी को देखा था, उनके साथ भोजन किया था, उनके साथ पैदल घूमा था, उनसे मजाक किया था। जो समय उन्होंने मुझे दिया था उसे मैं स्वर्णिम मानता था। अब इसका विवरण पढ़कर कि मृत्यु में वे कितने असहाय पड़े थे, मैं रो पड़ा हालांकि मैं बहुत वर्षों से नहीं रोया था। मैं स्तम्भित रह गया। बाद में, जब मुझमें सोचने की शक्ति पुनः वापस आई, मुझे ऐसा लगा कि शायद मरने का यह सबसे अच्छा तरीका था। वे पूरे जीवन एक संघर्षशील व्यक्ति रहे थे और अगर वे सर्दी जुकाम से मरते तो शायद यह अजीब लगता। उनकी हिंसात्मक मृत्यु एक और सेवा थी। पर्ल बक ने इसे दूसरा सूली पर चढ़ना कहा था।
गाँधीजी पाश्चात्य विश्व को भारत का एक तोहफा हैं। उनका जीवन हमारे भयंकर रोगों के लिए एक नुस्खा है। मनुष्य की सम्पदा को एक भविष्य द्रष्टा के विश्वव्यापी चक्षुओं से, जिनकी एक्स-रे जैसी दृष्टि लौहावरण एवं राष्ट्रीय सीमाओं को भेदने में समर्थ हो, देखते हुए गाँधी ने देखा कि व्यक्ति का कद जनतन्त्र एवं तानाशाही दोनों में एक समान घटता जा रहा है।

व्यक्ति गाँधीजी की चिन्ता का मुख्य विषय रहा है और विशेषकर यह चिन्ता ही उन्हें बीसौं शताब्दी के दूसरे अर्धाश की समस्याओं के लिए अत्यन्त प्रासंगिक बनाती है। बीसवीं शताब्दी जो सामान्य आदमी अथवा असामान्य आदमी की नहीं बल्कि दोनों की स्वाधीता, ईमानदारी और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के ऊपर हल्ले की शताब्दी है। मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए गाँधीजी का नुस्खा था सत्य। वे अपने स्वयं के लिए, जिस पर वे विश्वास करते थे, जो वे करते थे तथा जो वे कहते थे इन सबका सम्मिलन चाहते

थे। यथा करनी और कथनी एक थे। यही वह सम्मिलन है जो ईमानदारी या सत्य है। जब कथनी कार्यों से और कार्य विश्वासों से टकराते हैं तो व्यक्ति विखण्डित और रुग्ण हो जाता है। गाँधी जैसी सीख देते थे वैसा आचरण करते थे जैसा विश्वास करते थे वैसा ही आचरण करते थे। अपनी चिन्ताओं और कर्त्तव्य बोझ के बावजूद मैंने उन्हें स्वस्थ और प्रसन्नचित पाया। वे आन्तरिक सामंजस्य का अनुभव करते थे। गाँधीजी पैदाइशी महान नहीं थे। जब उन्होंने अपना पुनर्निर्माण किया उसके पूर्व वे गलती करने वाले लड़के, औसत दर्जे के विद्यार्थी, कमजोर वकील और साधारण व्यक्ति थे। वे एक स्वयं पुनर्निर्मित व्यक्ति थे। उन्हें अपने आप में भरोसा था किन्तु इन सबसे परे उन्हें अत्यधिक स्पन्दित कर देने वाला विश्वास था किसानों में, फेरी वालों में, खदान में काम करने वालों में, और अनगढ़े नौजवान स्त्री पुरुषों में जिनको उन्होंने अपने साथ जोड़ा था। इन सबको उन्होंने विकास का एक ऐसा अमृत पिला दिया था जिसने इन नाम रहित, शिक्षा रहित लोगों को सिंहवत सूरमा बना दिया था। वह अमृत था भयहीनता।

एक उत्कट और आजीवन अहिंसा के उपासक, गाँधी कहते थे,“यदि कायरता और हिंसा में चुनाव करना हो तो मैं हिंसा को चुनूँगा क्योंकि कायरता और भय आदमी को छोटा बना देती है जो दबावों के सामने समर्पण कर देता है और अपनी आजादी, अपने सिद्धान्तों की या अपने आपकी रक्षा नहीं कर पाता है।” अन्तरात्मा के उच्चतर कानून के पालन हेतु सविनय अवज्ञा या बड़ी मात्रा में जान-बूझकर कानून का उल्लंघन गाँधी का एक अनुपम राजनैतिक शस्त्र था। ‘सविनय अवज्ञा’ पद उन्होंने 1849 में प्रकाशित हेनरी थोरड के इसी नाम के लेख से लिया था। “उसने मुझ पर गहरी छप छोड़ी थी।” गाँधी ने थोरड के लेख के बारे में लिखा था। थोरड के समान गाँधी भी व्यक्ति के द्वारा सरकारों का, युद्ध के समय भी, विरोध करने के अधिकार का समर्थन करते थे क्योंकि असहमति के अधिकार के बिना जनतन्त्र खोखला है और भय से असहमति समाप्त हो जाती है।

गाँधीजी को लगता था कि आधुनिक विश्व की मुख्य बुराई भौतिकवाद था। गाँधी के अनुसार, पदार्थ या भौतिकवाद केवल सम्पदा नहीं शक्ति था, स्वतन्त्रता की भावना को कुचलने के लिए नृशंस शक्ति का संचय, एक ऐसी मशीन का निर्माण जो नफरत के ईधन से चलती हो। गाँधी ने कभी किसी से सम्पदा या शक्ति के परित्याग का आग्रह नहीं किया। उन्होंने ऐसे मूल्यों की शिक्षा दी जिनके कारण प्रसन्नता भौतिक सम्पदा पर कम आश्रित हो। “जब तक तुम किसी चीज से आन्तरिक सुख व सहायता की आकांक्षा करते हो तब तक उसे रखों”, उन्होंने सुझाया, “अन्यथा तुम उस सांसारिक सम्पदा का आत्मत्याग की भावावस्था में अथवा निष्ठुर कर्तव्य की भावना से परित्याग कर दों” बजाय उसको वापस चाहो और दुखी हो उठो। “किसी चीज का परित्याग उसी समय करों”, उन्होंने कहा, “जब तुम दूसरी स्थिति को इतना अधिक चाहने लगो कि उस वस्तु के प्रति तुममें कोई आकर्षण शेष न हो या जब ऐसा लगे कि जिस चीज की तुम्हारे मन में उत्कृष्ट अभिलाषा है उसमें वह बाधा डाल रही है। ऐसी भावना से हो सकता है एक परिवार शहर में अपना रहना त्याग कर प्रकृति के संसर्ग में रहने लगे या एक व्यक्ति सरकारी पद अथवा व्यवसाय त्यागकर कुछ और काम करने लगे व ऊपर उठे।

“मैं तहेदिल से नफरत करता है”, गाँधीजी ने घोषणा की, “इस पागल-सी अभिलाषा की, दूरियाँ और समय को समाप्त करने की, पार्श्विक अभिरुचि बढ़ाने की और फिर पृथ्वी के छोरों तक उनको सन्तुष्ट करने के लिए जान की। इनमें से कोई भी विश्व को लक्ष्य के नजदीक नहीं पहुँचा रही है।”जब 1946 में मैंने उनसे कहा कि उन्हें पश्चिम जाकर अपने सिद्धान्त उन्हें सिखाने चाहिए तो उन्होंने उत्तर दिया, ” पश्चिम क्यों चाहता है कि मैं उन्हें दो गुणा दो चार होते हैं, यह सिखाऊँ ?” उनका पूर्वाग्रह यह था कि पश्चिमी विश्व सच्चाई जानता है किन्तु वस्तुओं का गुलाम होने के कारण सिद्धान्तों की रक्षा के लिए सामने नहीं आता। यदि उसमें नौकरी के लिए, जनता की स्वीकृति के लिए, व्यक्तिगत सुरक्षा के लिए या आर्थिक सुरक्षा के लिए खतरा हों। उन्हें स्वयं अपने सिद्धान्तों की कीमत चुकानी पड़ी थी, जेल जाकर, गरीबी को गले लगाकर, मुत्यु को आमन्त्रित करके और इसने उन्हें भावना के सिक्कों में धनी बनाया है। भावना ही एकमात्र ऐसी मुद्रा है जिसे वे मूल्यवान मानते थे।

गाँधीजी जाने जाते हैं भारत को स्वाधीन कराने के उनके सफल प्रयत्न के लिए। वास्तव में उनके लिए भारत को मुक्त करने से एक भारतीय का स्वतन्त्र मनुष्य के रूप में विकास अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण था। भारत में गाँधीजी के अधिकतर अनुयायी गाँधीवादी नहीं थे और न उनके आदर्शों के सहाभागी। उन्होंने उनका नेतृत्व इसलिए स्वीकार कर लिया क्योंकि उसने अंग्रेजों के बिना भारतीय राष्ट्र के उनके लक्ष्य को आसान बना दिया। उनके लिए राष्ट्रीय स्वाधीनता एक उद्देश्य था, एक वांछित वस्तुः उनके लिए यह एक साधन था भद्रतर मनुष्य और श्रेष्ठतर जीवन के लिए, और क्योंकि जिस तरह से आजादी प्राप्त की गई थी उससे उसका हृदय शंकाकुल था कि क्या वास्तव में इन उद्देश्यों को आगे बढ़ाया जा सकेगा-दो रक्तरंजित बच्चे भारत माँ के शरीर से हिंसात्मक तरीके से अलग किये गए-उन्होंने 15 अगस्त, 1947 को जिस दिन भारतीय राष्ट्र विश्व के नक्शे पर उभरा, किसी प्रकार का जश्न नहीं मनायावे दुखी थे और उन्होंने बधाइयाँ स्वीकार करने से इन्कार कर दिया।

कदाचित् गाँधीजी के दर्शन का सबसे अच्छा प्रतीक बराबर के चिह्न की दो शलाका हैं। सभी राष्ट्र, धर्म व्यक्ति बराबर थे हालाँकि एक समान नहीं। गाँधी ने वरीयता को अलग नहीं किया था। उन्होंने हिन्दुत्व को पसन्द किया, वे भारत को अन्य देशों से अधिक प्यार करते थे, वे अपने कुछ निकटतम सहयोगियों को गले लगा लेते थे। लेकिन कोई भी द्वितीय दर्जे का नहीं था। वे प्रतिष्ठा से नफरत करते थे और सारे जीवन भारत में उसके भद्दे दिखावे के विरुद्ध काम करते रहे। जाति प्रथा, अछूतों की दी जाने वाली यन्त्रणा, घमण्ड तथा प्रादेशिक और धार्मिक अलगाव।

इन सब तथा अन्य बहुत से विषयों पर कई दशक तक गाँधीजी ने विस्तार से और बहुत बारीकी से लिखा। असंख्य अवसरों पर उन्होंने इन पर बोला–लेकिन आधुनिक सभ्यता को उनका एक बड़ा योगदान उनका जीवन है। गाँधीजी ने यह दिखा दिया कि इस बीसी सदी में भी ईसा मसीह बनना सम्भव है। उन्होंने दिखा दिया कि अच्छा और प्रभावी दोनों बनना सम्भव है। कदाचित्, भारतीय कवि रविन्द्रनाथ टैगोर ने गाँधी के बारे में लिखा, “वे सफल न होंगे। कदाचित् वे मनुष्यों को अपनी बुरी आदतों से अलग करने में असफल हो जायेंगे जैसे बुद्ध असफल हुए और जैसे ईसा मसीह असफल हुए, किन्तु उन्हें हमेशा याद किया जाएगा, एक ऐसे व्यक्ति के रूप में जिसने अपना जीवन आने वाली सदियों के लिए एक सबक बना दिया।”

जब हम छोटे-छोटे आदमियों को उनकी बढ़ती हुई समस्याओं से निपटते हुए देखते हैं तो गाँधी का कद बढ़ता है। गाँधी, जो हिन्द, ईसाई, बौद्ध, यहूदी, मुस्लिम सब एक साथ है, का जीवन उद्देश्य की शुचिता, मानवता और सत्यनिष्ठ की एक मिसाल है। उनकी मानसिक, भावनात्मक और चारित्रिक महानता उन्हें बीसीं सदी का और शायद इसके पूर्व की उन्नीसी का भी आदर्श पुरुष बना देती है। वे भारतीय थे। वे विश्व के हैं। -लुइस फिशर

India’s Gift to the World Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

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Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 5 Dilemma of the Scientist Questions and Answers

Dilemma of the Scientist Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning of the words given below and use them in sentences of your own:
sympathy, practical, evade, miserable, dictate, dignity, dissent, impose, penetrate, achievement.
Answer:

• Sympathy – pity towards a suffers – I expressed my sympathy in
  his distress.
• Practical – suitable for use – We should be practical at every step.
• Evade – avoid by trick)’ – The thief evaded the police.
• Miserable – full of misery – Don’t look so miserable.
• Dictate – say words aloud to be written or recorded – the teacher dictated the students.
• Dignity – full of honour – Everyone likes to lead a life of dignity.
• Dissent – disagree – Those who dissented with the organization formed another party.
• Impose – introduces a new rule, law, tax, etc. to order that a rule be used – New tax is imposed on fuel.
• Penetrate – make a way into or through – The Sun’s rays penetrated through the leaves to reach the earth.
• Achievement – accomplishment – Amit’s parents are proud of his wonderful achievement.

Question 2.
For each of the words given below, find a word from the text that has the opposite meaning:
admirable, aggressor, construction, enemies, happiness, notice, overt, peace, permissible, repair
Answer:

• admirable — miserable
• aggressor — pacifist
• construction — destruction
• enemies — allies
• happiness — distress
• notice — ignore
• overt — invert
• peace — war
• permissible — formidable
• repair — damage.

Question 3.
Notice the use of the adjective ‘heavy’ in the phrase heavy heart’.
It is not the same as that in ‘heavy box’ or in ‘heavy metal’ The adjective changes the literal meaning so that the phrase means ‘sad’.

(a) Explain the use of adjectives in the following phrases:
quizzical eye, single handed,first baud, heavy handed, soft spoken.
(b) Write five such phrases and use them in sentences.
Answer:

• quizzical eye — quizzical—enquiring
• single handed— single—alone
• first hand —first — experience something yourself
• heavy handed — heavy:not showing a sympathetic understanding of the feelings of other people.
• soft-spoken — soft — having a gentle and quiet voice.

Question 4.
Complete the ladder puzzle below with the help of the clues given.
The last letter of each word is the first letter of the next word:

Answer:

• dislike – abhor
• difficult – choice dilemma
• A letter that has been signed by a large number of people – round robin
• Bad dream – nightmare
• Hire, have in – employs
• Infrequently – seldom
• Crude, temporary – makeshift
• One-part absolute – totalitarian

Grammar

I. Look at the following sentences from the text:

(a) The atomic scientists who had made the bomb in America were therefore shocked and distressed to hear that it was still intended to use it, against the Japanese.

(b) I am, therefore, out of sympathy with the cry that the scientist ought not to discover formidable sources of power, or at least should not disclose them to his frail and destructive fellowmen. Clauses with ‘therefore’ have been used in these sentences. These are called clause of reason, as they denote reasons for there actions mentioned in the main clause. Now join the following pairs of sentences into complex sentences by using the conjunction ‘therefore’. One is done as an example.
Example: There was no petrol in the tank.
The car stopped during the journey.
There was no petrol in the tank therefore the car stopped during the journey.

1. The attendance in the class is poor.
It is raining.

2. Sweta is down with fever.
She has not come to school.

3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing.
He is not playing today.

4. Her father died and she had to take a job.
She could not complete her studies.

5. Mother is unwell today.
Sumer is cooking food in the kitchen.

6. Someone has broken the toy.
The child is crying.

7. She passed the examination.
She is very happy.

8. The teacher is on leave.
The children are making a lot of noice.

9. I am tired.
I want to have some rest.

10. The dog is hungry.
It is barking.
Answer:

1. It is raining therefore the attendance in the class is poor.
2. Sweta is down with fever therefore she has not come to school.
3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing therefore he is not playing today.
4. Her father died and she had to take a job therefore she could not complete her studies.
5. Mother is unwell today therefore Sumer in cooking food in the kitchen.
6. Someone has broken the toy therefore the child is crying.
7. She passed the examination therefore she is very happy.
8. The teacher is on leave therefore the children are making a lot of noise.
9. lam tried therefore I want to have some rest.
10.  The dog is hungry therefore it is barking.

Comprehension

(A) Briefly explain the following statements from the text:

1. “The scale of the damage at Nagasaki drained the blood from my heart then, and does so now when I speak of it.” ,
2. “Wars are neither made nor unmade by weapons, it is the other way about, the weapons grow out of the wars.”
3. “We do not change the world by what we wish but how we act.”
4. “The scientist in this work is the servant of the nation, and he must hot dictate to it, even about his own discoveries.”
5. “I believe that nations can choose wisely, and democracy can prove its powers, if scientists are willing to become teachers to them.”
Answer:

1. The writer is extremely shocked to see the damage at Nagasaki. It is still haunting and tells the tale of its pain and suffering.
2. The writer means to say that wars are not the result of weapons. There are, infact, the choice of the human being which put the nations at war. The wars create necessity of weapons.
3. The writer tries to co-relate our responsibility in the making of the world. Merely wishes can’t change the world. We need to act for it.
4. Here, the helplessness of the scientists have been highlighted Scientists are employed or hired to work for the nation by the government or other agencies. They have no right to dictate the government of their employees anything proper. They can’t even explain their own discoveries with all detail.
5. Highlighting the intelligence and capability of the scientists the writer says that everything can be set properly, and democracy can prove to be real if scientists become teachers.

(B) Answer the following questions in brief (30 – 40 words)

Question 1.
What forced the Applied scientists to invent an atomic bomb?
Answer:
During the World War II it was believed that Germans were working to make hydrogen bomb. Scientists over the continent of England and America were aware of the devastating power of such bomb. So the allied scientists were forced to invent an atomic bomb to save their position otherwise the monopoly of Germans in this bomb would have made Germans a super power of the world.

Question 2.
Why, according to the writer, did the Nazis lose the race to invent the atomic bomb?
Answer:
As the writer thinks the Nazis lost the race to invent atomic bomb because they believed that the fast chain reaction of an atomic bomb was impossible. They had made fundamental science a poor eye and the questioning mind the urge to find the facts for oneself. Moreover, there were not enough unconventional ideas in the German atomic projects.

Question 3.
How did the Allied scientists react to the information that the atomic bomb they had invented to defeat Germany was still intended to be used?
Answer:
The Allied scientists were shocked and depressed when they learnt that the atomic bomb they had made to defeat Germany was skill intended to be used. They wrote a round robin to President Truman pleading against the decision. They tried to convince him that it was not simply a bigger bomb. It should be demonstrated to the world not on men and women but in desert place.

Question 4.
Why is the writer against the people who say that the scientists should not invent or discover sources of fearsome power?
Answer:
The writer thinks that if the scientists are employed they would do their work. It is the choice of the community or the government to decide whether they want in peace or war. The scientists are not to be blamed for making sources of fearsome power because they do only what they are asked for.

Question 5.
What freedom does the writer demand from the society for the scientist?
Answer:
The writer demands for the scientists the freedom to give their reason and to speak their mind. Community should not impose its own view on them. Society should not dictate them. A scientist should be free to follow his own conscience as any citizen should be free in peace or in war.

Question 6.
Trace the history of the invention of the atomic bomb and write in about 150 words. .
Answer:
It was a German scientist, named onto Habur, w ho was successful in making the atom bomb by splitting the atom. He got the Nobel Prize for 1944 – 45. It was America which first tested the atom bomb in the deserts of Mexico. Later on. to bring the Second World War to an end, America dropped two atom bombs on Japan. The first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6. 1945. After three days, on August 9, 1945, the second bomb was’ dropped on Nagasaki. The world was horrified. Both the cities of Japan were made deserted within seconds. Nothing was left there. America came out as the biggest and the mightiest country of the world.

Slowly and steadily a number of countries began to make the atom bomb with the break up of the former Soviet Union the nuclear race between the USA and the Russian states has ended. But China has also succeeded in making the atomic bomb. India has also successfully conducted underground nuclear explosions, though she is committed to use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes only. Pakistan has also conducted underground nuclear” explosion. Thus, we see that several nations have involved in this nuclear race.

Speaking Activity

(work in groups of four/five)
The teacher will read aloud the statements given below. Each group will write reasons for agreeing or disagreeing with the statement. One student from each group will tell the class the point of view of their groups.

1. Wars are neither made nor unmade by weapons.
2. Let science help mankind and not rule it.

Answer:
1. It will be wrong to say that wars occurred because these are ‘weapons. The reality is that wars are not the result of weapons. There are, in fact, the choice of the human beings which put the nations at wars. Once a war is waged, it creates the necessity of weapons. Several destructive weapons are began to be used which make the war more horrible. It is also not right to ‘say that wars can be ended by weapons. Wars can be ended by holding peaceful talks among concerned nations. Mutual understanding among nations would also be helpful in creating peaceful environment.

2. Science has revolutionised our life. It has considerably altered the world by its wonderful discoveries and inventions. It has created mysteries. No aspect of our life remains untouched of science, whether at home or in school or in office. It is predominant in every walk of life. It has given us life saving drugs and test tube babies. But on the other hand it has given us atom bomb also. One symbolizes life and the other the doom. The risks of war have become so great that the continued existence of our species either has become or so will become incompatible with the new methods of scientific destruction. In this age of science we have forgotten clarity and tolerance and forbearance.

We have become so engrossed in the material things that we have ceased to think about the non-material matters. One thing we must keep in our mind that science is a boon when it acts like a servant, but a bane when it becomes our master. We must not let science act like our master. We must learn to use science for good purposes.

Writing Activity

1. The tragedy at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was man-made. Some -calamities are bought by nature. Tsunami was one such calamity. Suppose you are a journalist. You visited Tsunami-affected coastal areas of Tamil made a week after the calamity. Write a report for your newspaper describing the scene of disaster and the measures taken for rehabilitating the affected people. You can use information about the following.

• Effects of Tsunami
• People’s reaction about relief measures
• People’s expectations
• NGO’s work.

Answer:
On December 27. 2004 no newspaper of die world knew any data other than the Tsunami “Tsunami Strikes,” ‘Bolt From The Blue,” etc were the headlines that underlined each newspaper’s mast head. Yes, a deadly Tsunami had struck the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, on Dec. 26. It killed over 200000 people across all nations, like India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Somalia, Myanmar, etc. Many people said to be in thousands, are still missing, in India, Tamil Nadu and Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the most affected. Sri Lanka and Indonesia have lost many lives, a loss that can never be compensated. This Tsunami has also affected European countries, especially Sweden, whose tourists were enjoying Christmas at tourist places like Thailand mid Indonesia.

People from various comers come forward to with their helping hands to manage the disaster in the best possible manner. They also gave solace to the affected people. Help from various parts flood in for the Tsunami victims. Most of the government offices, employees, contributed a day’s or a month’s salary ’
People expected more and more support for the rehabilitation.

As they had lost every thing, they had begin and establish a new life. They also needed help from the government. NGO s played vers active and supportive role to give a new lease of life to tire affected people, A number of national and international NGO’s reached the affected areas. They provided them food and shelter, They helped them amenities to start their life afresh.

2. Write an article for a newspaper based on a WWF report, which says that the ecosystem is likely to collapse if, plunder of earth’s resources continues.
You can use the following information in your article:

• we are using 25% more resources than are renewed naturally in a year.
• if left unchecked, this mishalance would reach the mark of 100% by 2050.
• there was a 30% decline in populations of land species between 1970 and 2003.
• the same was found true for marine species.
• Over-fishing is affecting die health of most oceans, The most dramatic decline is seen in India and South-East Asia.
• The report proposes five ways to cut the global ecological deficit; people having smaller families; the affluent can cut consumption and still improve their quality of life;  resources used in production of goods can be greatly reduced; better management can reclaim land;  rigorous protection of soil, fisheries and forests will help the planet produce more resources.

Answer:
To
The Editor The Hindustan Times 17 July 2007 Sir,
Through your esteemed newspaper I would like to draw the attention of the people and the authorities towards the exhausting resources. In fact, it has created a crisis for our life. The crisis is going to be greater if we don’t work wisely.

As the population of our country is more than a billion. There is an unimaginable consumption of our resources which are very limited, We use 25% more resources than are renewed naturally in a year, as has been reported by WWF. If die tendency is not checked it would create a great imbalance to mark of 100% by 2050. There was 30% decline in population’s land species between 1970 and 2003. The same was found to true for marine species. Over-fishing is affecting the health of most oceans. The most dramatic decline has been observed in India and South-East Asia.

It is an alarming situation which is going to be even worse collapsing the whole eco-system. If we do not stop plundering die earth’s resources. Providing some of the measures to check this decline, The report proposes five ways. It says people should have smaller families and die affluent may cut consumption and still improve the quality of their life.

Resources used in production of goods can be greatly reduced. Better management can reclaim land. Rigorous protection of soil, fish and forests will help the earth produce more resources. Hence, highlighting the above facts I wish to arouse consciousness of the people not to be the enemy to their own life. They should act wisely and instantly. Otherwise, the whole eco-system would collapse and we would in no way be spared;I hope you would give place to my article in the interest of the people at large.
Thanking you
‘Yours sincerely
Amit Kumar.

Think it Over

(a) How could the quizzical eye and the questioning mind make a nation great? Think of at least five things and have a group discussion in the class and list out the points on the blackboard.
(b) War is the statesman’s game, the priest’s delight, the lawyer’s jest, the hired assassin’s trade.
…. Shelley Elaborate the statement by Shelley and list the answer on the blackboard.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Think To Do

Find out what some of the great pacifist of all ages have to say against war and violence. Write down selected quotations and organize a debate in the class on at least two of the quotations.

Read the following passage and answer the questions:
India-Today,
February – 5, 2007
We had successfully put spacecraft into orbits. It is equally important to get them back from the orbit, and also more complex considering that the satellite is moving at a speed of 29,000 km per hour and there is tremendous heat generated by re-entry that needs to be taken care of. At one stroke, we were able to decipher the entire technology of breaking the orbit, re-entry, precise landing in the ocean and of course, subsequent retreival.

This can be a small step towards a man-mission for the future. The SRE-I weighed 500 kg but a manned capsule for the future will weigh about three tonnes. Scaling up is possible. But to make it habitable, we have to go a long way to develop the technology. Aspects like life-support system, shielding against radiation, conditions for the astronaut to live with in the capsule for at least a week all that will need lots more work.

(1) What is the significance of the space capsule recovery experiment, the SRE-I.
(2) Why is it more complicated to get it back from the orbit?
(3) Why is this success called “a small step towards a future-man- mission to put India on the moon.”
Answer:

1. The space capsule recovery experiment, the SRE-I is very significant because it is a small step forwards a man’s mission for the future.
2. As it moves at a speed of 29,000 km per hour and there is tremendous heat generated by re-entry, it is more complicated to get it back from the orbit.
3. It is called so because it has made scaling up possible.
4. Complete the following table by listing out all the areas mentioned in the paragraph:

Areas
1. What are the things to be considered to bring out the space craft from the orbit.	The satellite is moving at a speed of 29,000 km per hour and there is tremendous heat generated by re-entry that needs to be taken care of.
2. What are the things that we are able to decipher at one stroke.	entire technology of breaking the orbit, re-entry,’ precise landing in ocean and of course, subsquent retreival.
3. What are the technology aspects that we need to take care of to make the space craft habitable.	life-support system, shiel­ding against radiation.

II. Use the following words in sentences of your own.

1. habitable
2. at one stroke
3. decipher.
4. orbit
5. precise
Answer:

1. Habitatle—The earth is the only habitable planet.
2. At one stroke—He did the work at one stroke.
3. Decipher—Nobody has yet deciphered the code of the existence of
4. Orbit—The spacecraft is moving in its orbit.
5. Precise-He put his views in precise manner.

Dilemma of the Scientist Summary in English

‘The Dilemma of the Scientist’ is a science fiction which explains the making of an atom bomb. The writer while narrating the super devastating weapon, says that it always haunted the scientist’s after its result in Nagasaki. Nagasaki was one of the victims which was devastated during the World War. Even the scientists think themselves how had they blundered. The writer puts this question before history which had witnessed the making of atomic bomb; The fission of Uranium was discovered by the two German scientists just a year before the War. Within a few months it was ready.

They were not sure whether it was atomic bomb. But one thing was sure that if the fission of Uranium could be used explosively it might in theory make an explosion a million times larger than the other. It was believed that the monopoly of such an atomic bomb would make Hitler. The Master of Europe and the world and slavey to the whole world. The Scientists were well aware of its devastating power. They alerted Albert Einstein w ho was a pacifist all his life. He never thought anything from one side. He thought it better to leave the nations, to use their conscience in making use of it. Before Hitler’s invasion in Poland Einstein alerted President Roosevelt about his apprehension of the use of the atomic bomb by the Germans.

Scientists in England, Canada and America also began making the atomic bomb. They did it thinking it to be their duty to use their skill in the interest of the nation. They were in the race against Germany. But the writer thinks that what the scientists did was pitiful. They created a series of devastation. However, the Germans failed but the allies succeeded in testing the first atomic bomb in July 1945. In the meantime Germany was defeated and Hitler was dead.

The scientists made a plea to President Truman against the decision of the use of the bomb. They were of the view that the demonstration of the bomb should be tested in deserted place but not on human habitation. However, it was ignored and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were made deserted.Scientists believed that the hydrogen bomb would change the scenario of the world. The nations would come to their senses about war. But the writer thinks, the wars are not made a unmade through weapons. The evil roots are the wars themselves.

There is no logical sense in saying that such weapons should have not been discovered. Actually in a democracy we people are responsible for what happens. We do not change the world, by what w’e wish but by how we act.There is no escape from the choice which the community make between a bomb or no bomb, between planning a war or peace. Scientists have been employed for doing reasonably. They are the hangmen who have no choice whether to kill or no. It is none of their business to take a decision. They can’t dictate any policy. Community is responsible for such consequences.

Scientist should also be allowed to think as a free man. He should have right to think freely by his own conscience. If he detests war or thinks his research against humanity, he should be allowed to choose another job. Above all the dissenting scientists should be allowed to put their reasons and to express their views. They also bear the responsibility in the making of the society. It is the world in which scientists penetrate every sphere of life. In a democracy every man has the ability to form a judgement on every issue. Scientists, if willingly teach the community, can change the whole scenario. They can give a new meaning to our lives.

In fact they know’ the method to teach by which one can assure promises against achievement.
But the irony is that the man who has worked on the issue of life and death, guided a missile or hydrogen bomb is seldom free to speak as he would like. It is a great loss on the part of the whole community. There is no conforming or totalitarian science. The dilemma persists whether there would ever be an educated democracy.

Dilemma of the Scientist Summary in Hindi

‘The Dilemma of the Scientist’ एक विज्ञान कथा है जो परमाणु बम के निर्माण की व्याख्या करता है। लेखक महाविनाशकारी हथियार की व्याख्या करते हुए कहता है कि नागासाकी में इसके दुष्परिणाम के बाद यह हमेशा वैज्ञानिकों को कचोरता रहा।

नागासाकी उन भुक्तभोगियों में एक था जो विश्वयुद्ध के दौरान नष्ट कर दिया गया था। वैज्ञानिक भी यह सोचते हैं कि उन्होंने यह कैसी भारी भूल की। लेखक इतिहास से यह प्रश्न करता है जिसने परमाणु बम निर्माण की प्रक्रिया को देखा था। यूरेनियम का विखंडन दो जर्मन वैज्ञानिकों ने महायुद्ध से ठीक एक वर्ष पहले किया था। कुछ ही महीनों में यह तैयार हो गया। वे इस बात से आश्वस्त नहीं थे कि यह परमाणु बम था। लेकिन सिद्धांत रूप में एक बात निश्चित थी कि अगर इस यूरेनियम के विखंडन को विस्फोट के रूप में किया जाता तो यह अन्य विस्फोटों की तुलना में करोड़ों गुणा ज्यादा विनाशक होता। यह माना गया कि ऐसे परमाणु बम पर एकाधिकार होने से हिटलर यूरोप और पूरी दुनिया का नियंत्रक बन जाएगा और संपूर्ण विश्व उसका गुलाम हो जाएगा। वैज्ञानिक इसकी विनाशकारी शक्ति से पूर्णत: विज्ञ थे। उन्होंने अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन को इस बात के प्रति आगाह कराया जो अपने जीवन में शांति के पुजारी थे। वह किसी भी चीज को एकतरफा नहीं सोचते थे। उन्होंने राष्ट्र के आत्मनिर्णय पर यह छोड़ दिया कि वे इसका प्रयोग करें या न करें। हिटलर के पौलेंड पर आक्रमण से पहले राष्ट्रपति रूजवेल्ट को परमाणु बम के जर्मनों द्वारा प्रयोग के प्रति आगाह कराया।

इंग्लैंड, कनाडा और अमेरिका में भी वैज्ञानिकों ने परमाणु बम बनाना शुरू कर दिया ऐसा उन्होंने राष्ट्र हित में अपनी दक्षता और कर्तव्य सिद्ध करने के दृष्टिकोण से किया। वे जर्मनों की दौड़ में शामिल हो गए। लेकिन लेखक यह सोचता है कि वैज्ञानिकों ने जो किया वह दुखद था। उन्होंने विनाश की एक श्रृंखला तैयार कर दी। यद्यपि जर्मन असफल हो गए और मित्र देश जुलाई 1945 में परमाणु बम के परीक्षण में सफल हो गए। इसी बीच जर्मनी की हार हुई।  हिटलर मारा गया। वैज्ञानिकों ने राष्ट्रपति ट्रमैन को परमाणु बम के प्रयोग के विचार के विरोध में अपना ज्ञापन दिया। उनके विचार में बम का परीक्षण किसी मरूस्थल जैसी जगह पर किया जाए न कि मानवीय आबादी वाली जगह के आसपास। हालाँकि इस ज्ञापन की अनदेखी कर दी गई और हिरोशिमा और नागासाकी को मरूस्थल बना दिया गया।

वैज्ञानिकों का विश्वास था कि हाइड्रोजन बम संसार की तस्वीर बदल देगा। सभी राष्ट्र युद्ध के प्रति सचेत होंगे। लेकिन लेखक सोचता है कि युद्ध न तो हथियारों से शुरू होते हैं न ही समाप्त। खतरनाक जड़ युद्ध स्वयं हैं। यह कहना सही नहीं होगा कि हथियारों की खोज नहीं की गई। वस्तुतः प्रजातंत्र में जो कुछ होता है उसके लिए हम सभी जिम्मेदार है। हम अपनी सोच से दुनिया नहीं बदल सकते बल्कि अपने काम से इसे बदलते हैं। हथियार बनाने या न बनाने और युद्ध या शांति के बीच चुनाव से हम भाग नहीं सकते। वैज्ञानिकों को जरूरत के तौर पर बहाल किया गया है। ये ऐसे जल्लाद हैं जिनके लिए मारने या न मारने के बीच कोई अपनी चाहत या इच्छा नहीं रह जाती है। अपना कोई निर्णय लेना उनके वश में नहीं। वे किसी नीति का निर्धारण नहीं कर सकते। ऐसे दुष्परिणामों के लिए समाज जिम्मेदार है।

वैज्ञानिक को भी एक स्वतंत्र व्यक्ति की तरह सोचने का अधिकार होना चाहिए। इसे अपनी अंतरात्मा के अनुसार स्वतंत्र सोच रखनी चाहिए। अगर वह युद्ध से घृणा करता है या सोचता है कि उसका शोध मानवता के खिलाफ है तो उसे दूसरा काम चुनने की आजादी होनी चाहिए। निष्कर्ष के रूप में हम कह सकते हैं कि भिन्न विचार वाले वैज्ञानिकों को अपना तथ्य और विचार रखने का मौका देना चाहिए। समाज के निर्माण में उनकी जवाबदेही है। यह ऐसा संसार है जिसमें वैज्ञानिक जीवन के हर क्षेत्र को प्रभावित करते हैं। प्रजातंत्र में हर व्यक्ति हर निर्णय के लिए योग्य है। वैज्ञानिक यदि स्वेच्छा से समाज को शिक्षा दें तो संपूर्ण दृश्य बदल सकता है वे जीवन को नया अर्थ दे सकते हैं।

वास्तव में शिक्षा देने के तरीके जानते हैं, जिससे वायदों के परिणाम सुनिश्चित किए जा सकें। लेकिन विडंबना यह है कि वह व्यक्ति जो जीवन और मरण के तथ्यों पर काम करता है, मिसाइल या हाइड्रोजन बम बनाता है, उसे ही अपने ढंग से सोचने का या कहने का अधिकार नहीं दिया जाता। यह संपूर्ण समाज के हक में सबसे बड़ी कमी है। किसी संपूर्ण विज्ञान की कमी है। दुविधा यह है कि क्या कभी शिक्षित प्रजातंत्र होगा?

Dilemma of the Scientist Word Meaning

Dilemma of the Scientist Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Nearly nine years ago, on a warm autumn evening in 1945, I was driving over the mountains of southern Japan to the city of Nagasaki. The scale of the damage at Nagasaki-drained the blood from my heart then, and does so now when I speak of it. For three miles my road lay through a desert which man had made in a second. Now, nine years later, the hydrogen bomb is ready to dwarf this scale and to turn each mile of destruction into ten miles. And citizens and scientists stare at one another and ask: ‘how did we blunder into this nightmare?

Questions:
(i) Where was the narrator driving over?
(ii) What did he see? What was its effect on his mind?
(iii) What difference did he find in his two visits of this place?
(iv) Explain the meaning of the expression, ‘how did we blunder into this nightmare’?

Answers:
(i) The narrator was driving over the mountains of southern Japan to the city of Nagasaki.
(ii) He saw the damages at Nagasaki which was deserted in a few seconds by the atomic bomb during the World War.
(iii) There was no change in the deserted look of Nagasaki.
(iv) The writer means to say that the citizens and scientists might feed amazed at what they had done by creating the atomic bomb. They would ask themselves what a nightmarish blunder they had done.

2. Scientists on the continent, in England and America, asked themselves whether the secret weapon on which the Germans were said to be working was an atomic bomb. If the fission of uranium could be used explosively (and this already seemed possible in 1939) it might in theory make an explosion a million times larger than hitherto. The monopoly of such an atomic bomb would give Hitler instant victory, and make him master of Europe and the world. The scientists knew the scale of what they feared very well; they feared first desolation and then slavery.

Questions:
(i) What was the curiosity of the scientists on the continent in England and America?
(ii) What did they fear about?
(iii) What result did they apprehend of the use of new discovery?
(iv) What is the meaning of monopoly?

Answers:
(i) The scientists in the continent in England and America were curious about whether the secret weapon on which the Germans were working was an atomic bomb.
(ii) They feared about the large mass destruction if the bomb was used explosively.
(iii) They apprehended that the new discovery would make Hitler
master of Europe and the world and Germany would be the Superpower.
(iv) Monopoly-sole authority, control.

3. In short the Germans failed; it was the allies who tested the first atomic bomb in July of 1945. By this time Germany was defeated and Hitler was dead. The atomic scientists who had made the bomb in America were therefore shocked and distressed to hear that it was still intended to use it, against the Japanese. They wrote a round robin to President Truman in which they pleaded against this decision. This is not simply a bigger bomb, they said; it changes the every scale of war and of all power and it should be demonstrated to the world, not on men and women, but in some desert place. However, the protest of the scientists was ignored; and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were made desert places.

Questions:
(i) When was the first atomic bomb tested and by whom?
(ii) What had happened to Hitler by that time?
(iii) Why were the atomic scientists shocked?
(iv) What did the scientists do to convince the government.
(v) What was their plea?

Answers:
(i) The first atomic bomb was tested in July 1945 by the allies.
(ii) Hitler was dead by that time.
(iii) The atomic scientists were shocked because America was still intended to use the atomic bomb against Japan.
(iv) The scientists wrote a round robin to President Trumen to convince the government.
(v) Their plea was that as it was not simply a bigger bomb, it should not be demonstrated on men and women but in some desert place.

4. The scientist in society has no right to dictate to society; and this is the heart of the matter. In return society must not dictate his life to him. He must be free to follow his conscience, as any citizen should be free, in peace or in war. Like every man and woman, the scientist has a duty to himself, which demands that his work shall not only be useful, but shall conform to his sense of human fulfillment and dignity. If this prompts him to reject research for war, or atomic physics, or science itself, he must be free and able to find other work.

Questions:
(i) What is the reality real status of the scientists in society?
(ii) What does the writer want for the scientist?
(iii) What is the duty of a scientist?
(iv) Find a word from the passage similar in meaning to ‘order’.

Answers:
(i) The real status of the scientists in society is that he has no right to dictate to society.
(ii) The writer wants for the scientist freedom to follow his own consequence like any citizen in peace or in war.
(iii) The scientists has a duty to himself like every man and woman His duty demands that his work shall not be useful but shall conform to his sense of human fulfillment and dignity.
(iv) ‘dictate.

5. Above all, the dissenting scientist must be free to give his reasons and to speak his mind. This is his true responsibility in the blundering, warring world: not to impose his will on his fellows, but to help them to find their own wills. We live in a time when science penetrates every public issue, from a city plan to the fall in the death rate, from a fuel crisis to cigarette smoking or margarine. The faith of our democracy is that, at bottom, every man has the ability to form a judgment on every issue: and therefore the life of democracy hangs by his willingness to educate his judgment.

Questions:
(i) What sort of freedom should a scientists be given?
(ii) What is the responsibility of a scientist?
(iii) What is the role of science in our life today?
(iv) What is the faith of democracy?
(v) Find a word from the above passage which is opposite to ‘dictatorship’.

Answers:
(i) The scientist should be given freedom to dictate his reasons and to
speak his mind.
(ii) The responsibility of a scientist is not to impose his will on his fellows but to help them to find their own wills.
(iii) Science penetrates every public issue, from a city plan to the fall in the death rate, from a Field crisis to cigaratte smoking or magazine.
(iv) The faith of democracy is that at the bottom every man has the ability to form a judgement oh every issue.
(v) ‘democracy’.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

• Patriotism Class 11 Questions And Answers
• What the Moon Saw Class 11 Questions And Answers
• My Mother Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Brook Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Dilemma of the Scientist Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Cherry Tree Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mercy Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Of Studies Class 11 Questions And Answers
• To a Skylark Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mahatma Gandhi Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Model Millionaire Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Frog and the Nightingale Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Peace Class 11 Questions And Answers
• One Thousand Dollars Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sister Nivedita Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Captive Air of Chandipur Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Sir Roger at Home Class 11 Questions And Answers
• King Porus – A Legend of Old Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Mirabai Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Profit and Loss Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Dear Departed Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Pair of Mustachios Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Bishop’s Candlesticks Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Cup of Tea Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Gospel of Selfless Action Class 11 Questions And Answers

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 23 The Bishop’s Candlesticks Questions and Answers

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

(A) Bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in most churches holds a position of authority. Arrange the following in order of their authority:
Parson
Cardinal
Chaplain
Prelate
Pope
Arch Bishop

Answer:

• Pope
• Arch Bishop
• Cardinal
• Parson
• Prelate
• Chaplain

(B) Fill in the blanks choosing from those given below:
earnestly, incredulously, scoundrel, convict, benefactor.

1. The ……………. had been wronged by the society.
2. The Bishop ……………. desired to help the poor.
3. The convict shook his head ……………. at the Bishop’s kind behaviour.
4. Persome considered the convict a …………….
5. The Bishop ultimately proved to be the convict’s
Answer:

1. convict
2. earnestly
3. incredulously
4. scoundrel
5. benefactor.

(C) Study the text to locate the antonyms of the given words: easy, human, open, reluctance, distress
Answer:

• easy – restless
• Human – beast
• Open – shut
• Reluctance – earnestness
• Distress – comfort

(D) Make sentences using the following words: estate, chatter, glare, track, convent
Answer:

• Estate – He was inherited a big estate from his father.
• Chatter – Do not chatter in class.
• Glare – The face of the priest glares with his virtues.
• Track -I always make an effort to follow a track of truth.
• Convent – Mother Teresa was a member of a convent.

Comprehension

Answer the following questions in 150 words each:

Question 1.
What role do the candlesticks play in the lives of the Bishop and the convict?
Answer:
Candlesticks play the most prominent role in the whole of the story especially in the lives of the Bishop and the convict. As the title of the play applies the candlestick belongs to the Bishop who got it from his dying mother. The mother had asked him to keep them in the remembrance of her. Bishop therefore had a great attachment with the candlestick.

He loves it more than his life and doesn’t want to part from it. He has generously donated all his belongings one by one for the welfare of someone or the other. But he is not reluctant to give the candlesticks to anyone. These candlesticks become also a turning point in the life of the convict who tempted to see them. He steals them when Bishop goes to sleep. The convict thinks that these candlesticks can change his life. He is so much tempted to them that he doesn’t even care for the hospitality and the teachings of the Bishop. He runs away taking them.

Incidentally he is caught by the police and again brought to the Bishop for identification. The Bishop recognises the candlesticks but says that he himself had given them to the convict. It brings a great change in the convict’s life. Thus, the candlesticks are equally important for the Bishop and the convict.

Question 2.
The convict says to the Bishop, “I was a man. Now I am not a man”. Why and how?
Answer:
The convict incidentally enters the house of the Bishop. He appears to be very restless. He had been running away from the police. He thought that the Bishop’s house was the safest place to hide. The Bishop thinks him to be just and ordinary man. He has no intention to hand him to the police. The convict is completely fed up with his life. He thinks himself to be dead. He says to the Bishop that once he was a man but now he is just number 15729 which he was given in the prison and had been called so for the last ten years. Before that he had a little cottage surrounded by vines growing on it. He, had a wife.

Once she was ill and they had no food. He was workless. His wife was dying. He stole for the first time to feed her. He was caught. None of his pleas was considered and he was put in jail for ten years. During those ten years he was in hell treated very badly even worse than beast. The hellish treatment ruined his life. He was chained like a wild animal and lashed like a hound. He was fed on filth and covered with vermins. There was no one to listen to his complain. So he says to them, that he was a man once but now, he was only a beast.

Question 3.
In the end the convict says, “You have made me feel that it is just as if something had come into me – as if I were a man again and not a wild beast.” What does it mean and how did this change come in the convict.
Answer:
The convict in the play ‘The Bishop and the Candle stick’ is a man who comes in the house of the Bishop. He had been in jail for ten years for no fault. As he says to the Bishop that he had a family but no job. His wife was ill and dying with starvation. He stole for the first time to feed his dying wife. But he was caught . None of his pleas was taken to notice and he was put in jail. He was treated like a beast in every sense of the term. However when he was released after a long hellish life by that time he was nothing more than a beast. The Bishop gives him shelter and treats him with sympathy.

He asks him to forget the past and to live a good life. But the convict is so fed up that he ignores Bishop’s preachings. He has no love for humanity. So he steals Bishop’s candlesticks. But he is caught. When the police come to the Bishop for recognition of the candlestick the Bishop says to them that the convict was his friend and he himself has given these candlesticks to him.This virtue of the Bishop transforms the convict’s mind. He realizes his mistake and admits that the Bishop had created something new in the convict’s life.

Question 4.
Discuss the character of the Bishop in the light of the following points:
(a) His family
(b) His love for the poor and the suffering.
(c) His charitable behaviour-an example of ‘charity begins at home’.
(d) His faith in rousing the goodness in a man.
(e) Overall assessment.
Answer:
Bishop is the most prominent character in the play ‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’. The dramatist through his character conveys a high moral lesson to the reader. Bishop is a man of simple living. He lives with his only sister Persome. He has great affection for the poor and the suffering. He helps them in all his capacity. He is highly charitable. He has donated all his belongings to the poor. He never thinks for himself and for his family. His sister doesn’t like his charitable nature because he has donated everything to the needy. Even the last item the salt cellar is also donated to a person who needs to pay rents.

The last item in the house is a candlestick. Persome tells him that he would certainly give it to someone one day. But the Bishop promise to keep it forever in the memory of his mother. A convict comes in his house. He doesn’t hesitate to provide him with all comfort and care against the wish of Persome. Later he comes to know the convict’s story. But he allows him to remain in the house.

He preaches him also. The Bishop is not ready to take the convict to be a real criminal. Pie only thinks him to be a human being. Even when the convict runs away with the Bishop’s candlestick, and the police brings him for recognition he says that the convict is his friend. On the whole we can conclude that Bishop is really a god fearing highly religious man.

Question 5.
What is the massage conveyed by the play?
Answer:
‘The Bishop’s Candlesticks’ is an one-act play with a Christian story, Its main focus is on the transfonnation of a man through realisation. The Bishop is the main character who represents a true devotee of the Almighty God. He appears to be a real Christian character who has all faith in God. He helps mankind in all his capacity. He gives all his belongings to help the needy and the poor. He thinks that a thing which a just a show-piece in his house can feed a poor man. So, why should it not be given to him? In this way heioses his big estate and all his household items.

His realistic character at its height when we see the convict-episode. A convict gets shelter in his house. His sister Persome opposes his stay but the Bishop doesn’t take him to be a criminal. He thinks the criminal is just a human being and there is no harm in allowing him to stay with them. The convict does not conceal anything about himself. He has no feeling nor trust for God or for humanity. So he steals, the Bishop’s candlesticks and runs away. Incidentally he is caught by the police. He is brought to the Bishop for recognition of the candlesticks as they bear the name of the Bishop. The Bishop tells the police that the convict was his friend and the Bishop had

himself given the candlesticks to him. It makes the convict feel and realize the power of godly existence. He, completely transformed. The Bishop’s preaching work well and prove that no one is born criminal. Situation makes one so and if treated with compassion arid sympathy one can be put on the right path.

Question 6.
Suppose you are convict. Narrate the story of your life, based on the play, in first person.
Answer:
I am a convict. I had been under the 10 years imprisonment. I was convicted for none of serious crime. I had a family. I had no job. I was penniless. Suddenly my wife got ill seriously, she was ill of starvation. She was dying. I had nothing to feed her. For the first time I stole to feed her. But I was caught. Nobody considered or even listened to my pleas. I was put in jail where I was treated nothing more than a beast. I was chained like a wild beast. I was lashed like a hound. I fed on filth. It was nothing more than a hell. However, I got released after such a long spell of hellish life. But outside again there was starvation. By chance I saw a Bishop’s house. I thought it to be the safest place to live out of police’s sight.

I entered the house and terrorised the Bishop. Bishop was a nice gentleman. He didn’t react in any way. Though his sister was not only ready to let hie stay even for a second. But the Bishop allowed me to stay there. He tried for influence me in various ways. In his view I could be changed and turned to be a good man. As I had suffered such a lot that I couldn’t believe him. I didn’t even care for his hospitality. I stole his candlesticks. But I was caught by the police. The police took me to the Bishop. The Bishop was really a great soul. He told the police that I was his friend and he himself had given the candlesticks to me. I was released. It touched my soul and then I realized the existence of God. He had made me a man again. Now I am completely a changed man.

Question 7.
“There is so much suffering in the world and I can do so little”. What would you like to do to reduce suffering of mankind?
Answer:
This world is a wonderful creation of God. All through the life a man faces many ups and downs. It is said that we learn better from our sufferings. There are different kinds of sufferings that we face. It may be poor living condition, lack of resources, ailments, etc. Everyday, in our life we come across rag pickers, beggars in many forms. Those rag-pickers or beggars have no shelter or any other facility for their living. They can hardly live a life nothing better than a beast or animal.

We are pained to see them. They are sufferers and we too. Still there a hope which can change the whole scenario if we take it seriously.Sometimes I feel great pain to see them and I think to do something for them. First of all I’ll establish a charity home to provide food and shelter to the destitutes. I’ll also start a school for them. I’ll try to raise fund for them through charity shows. I’ll also get cooperation from the government.

Question 8.
“You have suffered much but there is hope for all.” Do you agree?
Answer:
This world is a wonderful creation of God. All through the life a man faces many ups and downs. It is said that we learn better from our sufferings. There are different kinds of sufferings that we face. It may be poor living condition, lack of resources, ailments, etc. Everyday, in our life we come across rag pickers, beggars in many forms. Those rag-pickers or beggars have no shelter or any other facility for their living. They can hardly live a life nothing better than a beast or animal.

Question 9.
“This poor is the Temple of the Living God”. Do you feel the presence of God inside you? How and when?
Answer:
The question of existence of God is very critical because till how no one has given any perfect answer to it. Right from the beginning there has been controversies over it. On the one hand while the old saints or religious books confirm the existence of God, while on the other hand scientists do not believe in it. It is because science believes in the thing which can be seen. But God has never been seen. .Still we can’t deny the saying that this poor body is the temple of the living god. There are some facts behind it. Sometimes we feel wouder if we think over the whole creature. But it is still a mystery why the dies and why he takes birth. Similarly, the blooming of flowers, greenery of plants, evolution of a man are some of the facts that which are beyond our understanding. Similarly, whenever we are in distress automatically we gain confidence if we go to a temple. So I feel there is God or some super-power that controls the whole creation.

Speaking Activity :

Make 5 groups of 2 students each and make theft speak the dialogues exchanged between the Bishop and the convict. One student should enact the Bishop and the Convict’s role should be enacted by another student.
Answer:
Attempt yourself.

Writing Activities

Write a paragraph in about 100 words on each of the following:

Question 1.
Criminals are not born but circumstances make them.
Answer:
Our society is a complex phenomenon. Different types of people enjoy their life in their own way. Some of them follow the norms of society which some other do not observe them. Those who do not observe and follow a set pattern of social life are called anti-social. They are also called criminals. They commit crimes. Crimes are those activities which are against laws.

In fact the persons who make attempts to commit crimes are the same as others living a normal life. Normally we see that criminals are misguided or diverted persons who are either put into those activities or circumstances make them so. There are several instances of it. Prominent examples can be given from the life of Phoolan Devi who turned to be a dacoit due to the ill-treatment of the society, of the upper classes. Later, when she was mobilized, she surrendered and also became a Member of Parliament. Hence, we can’t deny the role of circumstances in the making of a criminal.

Question 2.
At an appropriate moment a man is capable of undergoing change of heart.
Answer:
Our society is a complex phenomenon. Different types of people enjoy their life in their own way. Some of them follow the norms of society which some other do not observe them. Those who do not observe and follow a set pattern of social life are called anti-social. They are also called criminals. They commit crimes. Crimes are those activities which are against laws.

Question 3.
Memorable dramatic characters have a lasting impact upon the audience.
Answer:
Life is a long journey. In it we perform different roles. So, life is said to be, drama in which we all are actors. Life is a stage. Sometimes it happens that we feel much impressed with a character performing a particular role in a drama. There are various factors that make us impressed with a character. The first thing is the powerful performance of the character. Then there is the story which appears to be identical to our life. The realistic touches, delivery of dialogues are some of the other factors that put its lasting impression upon the audience.

Question 4.
Charity begins at home.
Answer:
‘Charity begins at home’ is a well-known old proverb. It signifies the generous character of a human being. Sometimes it is seen that a saintly character is so much generous that he doesn’t care for his family and his life. Man has been bestowed with many responsibilities. To bear those responsibilities is his prime concern. Negligence to any of these not good. It doesn’t mean that ope should not be generous. Instead one should first be generous foremens family and then to others. The fulfillment of the need of the family should be given priority. Otherwise it is a crime. One may be very popular in society with his generosity, nobility, kindness, caring etc. But if one doesn’t think for his liabilities, one cannot be admiral because he has ignored his prime concern. Even God will not praise him. So, it is true that charity begins at home.

Things to Do

Try to read the following three one-act plays, possessing a similar theme emphasizing the importance of kindness
(a) ‘Brother Wolf by L. Hausman’.
(b) ‘The Only Legend’ by Johh Drinkwater,
(c) ‘In Safety’ by Margaret Macnamara
Ans.
Do yourself.

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Summary in English

The play opens with the kitchen of the Bishop’s cottage. The kitchen is plainly but substantially furnished. As the play starts and curtain rises the audience find Persome and Marie in the kitchen Persome, the Bishop’s widowed sister is arguing with Marie, kitchen-maid of the house. It is 11 o’clock at night. The Bishop has gone out to attend upon Marie’s sick mother. Persome is very much worried about the whereabouts of her brother who is overstraining himself for the sake of die poor and needy. Marie tells her that the Bishop has sold his silver salt-cellars to help a poor woman pay her rent.

Persome gets angry on hearing this and begins to cry. Just then Bishop enters the cottage.He tells Mane, the maid to run home as her mother is feeling better. He is gives her his muffler as it is very cold outside. He prays for her and her mother. Marie leaves the cottage with gratitude. Persome gets angry with her brother for giving away all that he has. She remarks that one day he will also sell his candlesticks to help some needy. The Bishop says that he would like to keep diem because they were given to him by his dying mother.

The Bishop also laments that there in so much suffering in the world and be can ! do so little. Persome goes away to sleep and the Bishop sits down to read a book. Then there enters a convict with an open knife in his band. He is a convict who has run away from prison. He catches the Bishop from behind and demands food. The Bishop greets him with a tree smile. He feels true sympathy for him. He serves the convict with food and drink. When the convict has his fill, he starts telling the Bishop the story of his woe and suffering. He says that once he stole to buy food for his wife who had been starving to death. But he was arrested and in prisoned. The night he was sentenced his wife died. The prison life was a life of hell. His sufferings made him a hardened criminal. One day they forget to chain him up, so he escaped and starved till that day. They were searching for him everywhere.

The Bishop consoles the convict. He advised him to take rest for some time. He makes for him a bed to lay down. The Bishop leaves the room leaving the convict all alone. His eyes catch the sight of silver candlesticks on the mantelpiece. He thinks of stealing them away to lead a new better life for some time. There is a struggle in his mind. He does feel for the Bishop who has been so kind to him but then he hardens himself. He hides the candlesticks in his coat and runs off cautiously.

As the convict moves out Persome wakes up and hears the noise of slamming the door and raises alarm. She comes running and finds that the convict has run away with the candlesticks. She calls the Bishop and asked the Bishop to inform the police but the Bishop does not want. He consoles himself and says: ‘He has more need of them than I. He refuses to take any action against the convict. He can’t think of sending him back in jail to suffer any more.

Just then a sergeant enters the cottage with three policemen with convict and stolen candlesticks. He tells the Bishop that they found him slinking suspiciously. On searching him, the candlesticks fell out of his pockets. As he remembered the candlesticks of the Bishop, he brought him here. He asks the Bishop if those are his candlesticks. The Bishop tells the sergeant that the man is his very good friend, and he has himself given him the candlesticks. At this the sergeant frees the convict and goes away with his men.

This last stroke of sympathetic behaviour of the Bishop shakes the convict to boot. He begs pardon of the Bishop and feels sorry for what he has done. It brings tears in his eyes. He seeks die Bishop’s permission to go to Paris and to start noble life there. When he turns to go die Bishop gives him the candlesticks. He also tells him of a lonely path through the forest by which he can escape. The convict stands with his head, bowed before the Bishop. The Bishop puts his hand lovingly on his shoulder. The Bishop asks him to remember that the poor body is die Temple of the Living God. After the convict walks out, the Bishop goes down on his knees in prayer.

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Summary in Hindi

नाटक का प्रारंभ बिशप के घर में रसोईघर के दृश्य से होता है। रसोईघर बहुत सामान्य किन्तु व्यवस्थित है। जैसे ही नाटक प्रारम्भ होता है और पर्दा उठता है दर्शक परसम तथा मैरी को एक पादरी के कॉटेज की रसोई में पाते हैं। परसम पादरी की विधवा बहन है जो घरेलू नौकरानी मैरी से तर्क कर रही है। रात के 11 बजे हैं। विशप मैरी की बीमार माँ को देखने बाहर गए हुए हैं। परसम अपने भाई के प्रति काफी चिन्तित है, जो स्वयं को गरीब तथा जरूरतमंदों के लिए अधिक थका रहे हैं। मैरी उसे बताती है कि विशप ने अपने चाँदी के नमकदान बेच दिए हैं ताकि वृद्ध महिला का किराया चुकाया जा सके। परसम यह सुनकर बहुत क्रोधित हो जाती है तथा चीखने लगती है। तभी बिशप कॉटेज में प्रवेश करते हैं।

वह मैरी को बताते हैं कि अब वह घर चली जाए क्योंकि उसकी माँ अब अच्छा अनुभव कर रही है। वह उसे अपना ऊनी मफलर भी दे देते हैं क्योंकि बाहर काफी सर्दी है। वह उसके तथा उसकी माँ के लिए प्रभु से प्रार्थना भी करते हैं। मैरी आभार सहित कॉटेज से चली जाती है। परसम आने भाई पर बहुत क्रोधित होती है क्योंकि वह अपनी प्रत्येक वस्तु किसी न किसी को दे रहा है। वह कहती है कि एक दिन वह अपनी मोमबत्ती दान भी बेच देगा ताकि किसी जरूरतमंद की सहायता की जा सके। विशप उस पर कहते हैं कि वह उन्हें सहेजकर रखना चाहते हैं क्योंकि वे उनकी माँ ने मरते समय उसे दिए थे। विशप यह भी कहता है कि दुनिया में बहुत संकट है और इन संकटों से मुक्ति के लिए कुछ करना चाहते हैं।

परसम सोने चली जाती है और बिशप पुस्तक पढ्ने बैठ जाते हैं। तभी एक अपराधी जिसके हाथ में एक लम्बा चाकू है, कमरे में चोरी के उद्देश्य से प्रवेश करता है। वह एक अपराधी है जो जेल से भागा हुआ है। वह बिशप को पीछे से पकड़ता है और खाना माँगता है। विशप उसका मुस्कान से स्वागत करता है। उसे उसके लिए सच्ची संवेदना अनुभव होती है। वह अपराधी को भोजन तथा शराब प्रदान करता है। जब अपराधी पेट भरकर खा चुकता है, तब वह अपनी दुःख भरी कथा बिशप को सुनाना प्रारंभ करता है। वह कहता है कि एक बार उसने अपनी भूख से मरती पत्नी के लिए भोजन चुराया था। उसे वहाँ पकड़ लिया गया और जेल भेज दिया गया। जिस दिन उसे सजा सुनाई गई, उसकी पत्नी मर गई थी। जेल का जीवन उसके लिए नरक का जीवन था। उसके दुखों ने उसे एक दुर्दात अपराधी बना दिया था। एक दिन वे उसे हथकड़ियाँ तथा बेड़ियाँ पहनाना भूल गए थे, इसलिए वह भाग निकला और आज तक भूखा फिर रहा है। वे उसे हर जगह तलाश कर रहे हैं।

विशप अपराधी को सांत्वना देता है। वह उसे कुछ देर आराम करने की सलाह देता है। वह उसके लेटने के लिए बिस्तर लगाता है। बिशप अपराधी को कमरे में अकेला छोड़ कर चला जाता है। अपराधी की नजरें अंगीठी पर पड़े मोमबत्तीदान पर पड़ती हैं। वह उन्हेंचुराने की सोचता है ताकि कुछ समय के लिए वह नया जीवन जी सके। उसके मस्तिष्क में संघर्ष चलता है। वह बिशप के लिए अनुभव करता है कि विशप उसके प्रति काफी दयालु रहा है, किन्तु तब वह अपने आपको कठोर बना लेता है। वह अपने कोट में मोमबत्तीदान छुपा लेता है और सावधानी से चला जाता है।

जैसे ही अपराधी बाहर जाता है, परसम जाग जाती है और दरवाजा बन्द होने का शोर सुनकर चिल्ला उठती है। वह बाहर भागते हुए आती है और पाती है कि अपराधी मोमबत्ती-दानों के साथ भाग गया है। वह बिशप को पुकारती है और कहती है कि वह पुलिस को सूचित करे किन्तु बिशप ऐसा नहीं चाहता। शीघ्र ही वह अपने आपको दिलासा देता है ! उसकी आवश्यकता मेरी आवश्यकता से अधिक होगी। किन्तु वह अपराधी के प्रति कोई कार्यवाही करने से इंकार कर देता है। वह अपराधी को और अधिक कष्ट उठाने के लिए पुनः जेल नहीं भेजना चाहता।

तभी सार्जेन्र कॉटेज में तीन पुलिस वालों और अपराधी के साथ प्रवेश करता है जिसके पास चुराए गए मोमबत्तीदान हैं वह बिशप से कहता है कि उसने उस (चोर को) सन्देहास्पद स्थिति में पकड़ा है। उसकी तलाश लेने पर मोमबत्तीदान उसकी जेब से गिर पड़ा वह उन मोमबत्तीदान के बारे में बिशप से पूछता है। विशप पादरी की बताता है कि यह व्यक्ति उसका घनिष्ठ मित्र है, और उसने स्वयं ही ये मोमबत्तीदान उसे दिए हैं। इस पर सार्जेन्ट अपराधी को छोड़ देता है और अपने सिपाहियों के साथ वापिस चला जाता है। बिशप के सहानुभूतिपूर्ण व्यवहार का यह अन्तिम झटका अपराधी को झकझोरकर रख देता है। वह विशप से आज्ञा माँगता है और अपने किए पर खेद प्रकट करता है।

उसकी आंखों में आंसू आ जाते हैं वह पेरिस जाने के लिए विशप से आज्ञा माँगता है ताकि वहाँ पर नई जिंदगी शुरू कर सके। जब वह जाने के लिए मुड़ता है, तो विशप उसे मोमबत्तीदान भी दे देता है। वह उसे एक सुनसान रास्ता भी बताता है जो जंगल से होकर गुजरता है और उसके लिए सुरक्षित है। अपराधी अपना सिर नीचे किए बिशप के सामने झुका खड़ा रहता है। बिशप अपना हाथ स्नेहपूर्वक उसके कंधे पर रखता है और उसे याद रखने के लिए कहता है कि यह शरीर सजीव ईश्वर का मंदिर है। जैसे ही अपराधी चला जाता है. बिशप अपने घुटनों के बल बैठकर प्रार्थना करने लगते हैं।

The Bishop’s Candlesticks Word Meanings

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

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Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 8 Idgah Questions and Answers

Idgah Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
What do all these people do? Follow the example and write in the space provided.
ये लोग क्या करते हैं ? उदाहरण का अनुसरण कर दी हुई जगह में लिखिए।।
Answer:

1. A lawyer is a person who is qualified to advise people about the law and represent them in court.
2. A soldier is a person who works in an army, especially who is not an officer.
3. A pilot is a person who is trained to fly an aircraft.
4. An air hostess is a woman who looks after the passengers in an aircraft.
5. An astronaut is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft.
6. A consultant is an experienced doctor who specializes in one area of medicine.
   Or
   A consultant is a person who gives expert advice to a person or organization on a particular subject.
7. A chef is a cook in a restaurant or hotel.
8. A receptionist is a person whose job is to answer the telephone, arrange reservations or appointments and deal with people when they first arrive.
9. A computer programmer is a person whose job involves writing programmes for computers.

Comprehension

A Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दो वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question 1.
Why was every one in the village in a hurry that morning ? (2015)
उस सुबह गाँव का हर व्यक्ति जल्दी में क्यों था ?
Answer:
It was Eid and they were going to the Idgah to offer Namaz
उस दिन ईद थी और वे लोग नमाज अदा करने ईदगाह जा रहे थे।

Question 2.
Why did the boys seem to be very excited ?
बच्चे क्यों अत्यधिक उत्तेजित दिखाई दे रहे थे ?
Answer:
They were excited because it was the time for celebration and also, they were going to the Idgah where they would enjoy a ride on a merrygo-round or a swing, eat sweets and buy toys.

वे इसलिए उत्तेजित थे क्योंकि वह उत्सव का समय था और वे ईदगाह जा रहे थे जहाँ वे चरखी या झूले पर सवारी करते, मिठाई खाते और खिलौने खरीदते।

Question 3.
Why did Hamid not ride the round about ?
हमीद चरखी में क्यों नहीं बैठा ?
Answer:
He had only three pice and he wanted to use them for buying something useful for his grandmother.
उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे थे और उनसे वह अपनी दादी के लिए कोई उपयोगी चीज खरीदना चाहता था।

Question 4.
How did Hamid demonstrate that his chimta was superior to Mohsin’s toy?
हमीद ने यह कैसे बताया कि उसका चिमटा मोहसिन के खिलौने से बेहतर था ?
Answer:
Hamid threw his chimta on the ground and challenged Mohsin to do the same to his clay water carrier. Mohsin didn’t dare to do it.

हमीद ने अपना चिमटा जमीन पर फेंका और मोहसिन को चुनौती दी कि वह भी अपने मिट्टी के भिश्ती के साथ वैसा ही करे। मोहसिन ऐसा करने की हिम्मत नहीं जुटा पाया।

Question 5.
What made Mehmood share his bananas with Hamid ? (2009)
मेहमूद ने अपने केले हमीद के साथ क्यों बाँटना चाहे ?
Answer:
In the verbal duel, Hamid’s chimta emerged as the undisputed champion. Hence Mehmood shared his bananas only with Hamid.

जबानी वाद-विवाद में हमीद का चिमटा अविवादित रूप से चैम्पियन बन कर उभरा था। इसी कारण महमूद ने अपने केले हमीद के साथ बाँट कर खाने की पेशकश की।

Question 6.
Why did Mehmood break the other leg of his soldier ? (2016)
मेहमूद ने अपने सैनिक का दूसरा पैर भी क्यों तोड़ दिया ?
Answer:
When one leg of his soldier got broken, Mehmood boke its other leg so that it can at least sit and do his duty in comfort.

जब उसके सैनिक का एक पैर टूट गया तो महमूद ने उसका दूसरा पैर भी तोड़ दिया ताकि वह आराम से बैठकर अपनी ड्यूटी कर सके।

B. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों के उत्तर तीन या चार वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question1.
Why inspite of his poverty and bereavement, did Hamid seem to be the happiest boy of all
अपनी गरीबी और शोकावस्था के बावजूद हमीद ही सब बच्चों में सबसे अधिक प्रसन्न क्यों दिख रहा था ?
Answer:
Hamid was an orphan. His father had died a year ago and mother sometime earlier. But he was happy because his grandmother loved him very much. She took adequate care of him.

हमीद अनाथ था। उसके पिता का देहान्त एक वर्ष पूर्व हो चुका था और माता तो उसके बहुत पहले मर चुकी थी। लेकिन वह प्रसन्न था क्योंकि उसकी दादी उसे बहुत प्यार करती थी। वह उसकी अच्छी प्रकार देखभाल करती थी।

Question 2.
What did Amena fear as the child left for Idgah ?
बच्चा जब ईदगाह के लिए रवाना हुआ उस समय अमीना को किस बात का डर लग रहा था?
Answer:
Amena’s main fear was that Hamid was just a little boy of four or five years and what would happen if he gets lost. Secondly, he had to walk bare foot. The Idgah was a full three miles away. She was doubtful about his ability to bear the strain.

अमीना का सबसे बड़ा डर यह था कि हमीद चार या पाँच साल का एक बहुत छोटा बच्चा था और अगर वह खो गया तो क्या होगा। दूसरा, उसे नंगे पैर चलना था। ईदगाह वहाँ से पूरे तीन मील दूर था। उसे उसकी इस कठिन परिश्रम को बर्दाश्त करने की क्षमता पर शक था।

Question 3.
Describe the sights at the Idgah. (2009)
ईदगाह के दृश्य का वर्णन करिए।
Answer:
The Idgah was shaded with tamarind trees and had a cemented floor with sheets spread on it. People sat in rows. Wealth and status played no role there–everybody was equal before Allah. All of them performed the rituals of the prayer together.

ईदगाह में इमली के पेड़ों की छाया थी और सीमेण्ट के फर्श पर चादरें बिछी थीं। लोग कतारों में बैठे थे। वहाँ दौलत और ओहदे की कोई भूमिका नहीं थी-अल्लाह के सामने सभी बराबर थे। प्रार्थना का कर्मकाण्ड सभी ने एक साथ निभाया।

Question 4.
What toys did the children buy ? (2010, 14)
बच्चों ने कौन-से खिलौने खरीदे ?
Answer:
Mehmood bought a soldier in a khaki uniform. Mohsin bought a smiling water carrier. Noorey bought a lawyer with a fat law book in his hand. Sammi bought a sturdy washer-woman.

महमूद ने खाकी वर्दी पहने एक सैनिक खरीदा। मोहसिन ने एक मुस्कुराता भिश्ती खरीदा। नूरी ने कानून की एक मोटी किताब हाथ में लिए हुए वकील खरीदा। सामी ने एक हट्टी-कट्टी धोबिन खरीदी।

Question 5.
Hamid wanted to enjoy like his companions but did not. Do you agree? Pick up statements from the text to support your answer.
हमीद अन्य बच्चों की तरह मौज-मस्ती करना चाहता था लेकिन उसने की नहीं। क्या तुम मानते हो ? अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में अध्याय से वाक्य छाँटो।
Answer:
Yes, Hamid did want to enjoy like his companions. Look at these sentences–
Hamid stands apart. He cannot afford to spend one-third of his precious money on a mere round about. All the toys cost two pice each, too expensive for Hamid to buy. Yet he looks at the toys with envious eyes and wants to play with them. Hamid buys nothing at the shops selling mithals. He has only three pice to spend. But he cannot help eyeing the sweets in the hands of his friends.

हाँ, हमीद भी अन्य बच्चों के समान मौज-मस्ती करना चाहता था। इन वाक्यों को देखिए हमीद एक ओर खड़ा रहता है। वह अपने बहुमूल्य पैसों में से एक-तिहाई एक मामूली सी चरखी पर खर्च नहीं कर सकता था। सभी खिलौनों की कीमत दो पैसे प्रत्येक है, हमीद के खरीदने के लिए अत्यधिक मंहगे। फिर भी उन खिलौनों की ओर ललचाई आँखों से देखता है और उनसे खेलना चाहता है। हमीद मिठाई की दुकान पर कुछ नहीं खरीदता है। उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे ही तो थे। लेकिन वह मिठाई की ओर देखने से अपने आपको नहीं रोक पाता है।

Question 6.
What made Hamid buy a pair of tongs ? (2008, 12, 14)
हमीद ने चिमटा क्यों खरीदा ?
Answer:
His grandmother had no chimta, so usually she burnt her fingers while making chapatis. Hamid did not like it. So he bought the chimta. Now she would not burn her fingers.

उसकी दादी के पास चिमटा नहीं था इस कारण रोज चपाती सेंकते समय उसकी अंगुलियाँ जल जाती थीं। हमीद को यह अच्छा नहीं लगता था। इसलिए उसने चिमटा खरीदा। अब उसकी अंगुलियों नहीं जलेंगी।

Question 7.
What quality of the chimta made it superior to all the toys ? (2008, 13)
चिमटे के कौन से गुण के कारण वह सब खिलौनों से बेहतर था ?
Answer:
The chimta was stronger than Mehmood’s soldier. The chimta was able to knock the lawyer down. Hence the chimta became the undisputed champion.

चिमटा महमूद के सैनिक से अधिक ताकतवर था। चिमटा वकील को गिराने में सक्षम था। इस कारण चिमटा निर्विवाद चैम्पियन बन गया।

Question 8.
Hamid had an answer for every child who claimed his toy was better. Do you think Hamid really believed in what he said ? Why?
हमीद के पास हर उस बच्चे के लिए उत्तर था जो अपने खिलौने को बेहतर समझता था। क्या आप समझते हैं कि हमीद जो कहता था उस पर उसे स्वयं को विश्वास था ? क्यों?
Answer:
Hamid did not really believe in what he said. He had only three pice so he was not in a position to buy any toys because they cost two pice each. So, with the purpose of proving those toys as useless he started comparing them with his tongs.

हमीद जो कुछ कहता था उस पर उसे वास्तव में विश्वास नहीं था। उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे थे, अतः वह इस स्थिति में नहीं था कि उन खिलौनों को खरीद पाता क्योंकि उनकी कीमत दो पैसे थी। इसीलिए, उन खिलौनों को बेकार साबित करने के लिए उसने उनकी तुलना अपने चिमटे से करनी शुरू कर दी।

Question 9.
Describe how Hamid’s selflessness affected Amena.
हमीद की नि:स्वार्थता का अमीना पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा बताइये।
Answer:
Amena’s annoyance melted into love. She broke down and started weeping, Tears fell from her eyes as she blessed him a thousand times.

अमीना का गुस्सा पिघलकर प्यार में बदल गया। वह रोने लगी। वहे हमीद को हजारों आशीर्वाद देती रही और उसकी आँखों से आँसू टपकते रहे।

C. “Hamid the little boy had become Hamid the adult. Now Amena the old woman became the child.” Explain.(2011)
“हमीद जो एक छोटा बच्चा था वह तो वयस्क हमीद बन गया। अब अमीना जो एक बूढ़ी औरत थी, वह बच्ची अमीना बन गयी।” समझाइये।
Answer:
Hamid sheds his childlike desires. He abstains from buying sweets and toys. He buys a gift which will be of use to his grandmother. Seeing his selflessness Amena breaks down and starts weeping like a child.

हमीद अपनी बाल सुलभ आकांक्षाओं का त्याग कर देता है। वह मिठाई और खिलौने खरीदने से बचता है। वह एक उपहार खरीदता है जो उसकी दादी के काम आयेगा। उसके नि:स्वार्थ भाव को देखकर अमीना फूट पड़ती है और बच्चों के समान रोने लगती है।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिये जा रहे हैं।
A. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs given.
दी गई क्रियाओं के सही रूपों से रिक्त स्थान भरो।।
Answer:

• taught
• fell, hurt
• sold
• spent, bought, cost
• threw caught.

B. Write sentences saying what Raju was doing at the given times.
दिये गये समय पर राजू क्या कर रहा था, बताओ।
Answer:

• At 9: 30 he was reading the newspaper.
• At 11 o’clock he was studying his course books.
• At 1 o’clock he was having lunch.
• At 3 o’clock he was washing some clothes.
• At 5 o’clock he was watching television.

C. Change the following sentences into past perfect tense.
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को Past perfect tense में बदलो।
Answer:

• Our team had won the match.
• Neeta had knitted these gloves.
• You had planted these plants ?
• You had forgotten her name?
• Many people had believed her story.

D. Complete the following sentences using the past perfect continuous form of the verbs given in brackets.
कोष्ठक में दी गई क्रियाओं के Past perfect continuous रूप से वाक्यों को पूरा करो।
Answer:

• had been waiting
• had been running
• had been singing
• had been raining
• had been playing.

Idgah Summary in Hindi 

रमजान के ठीक तीस दिन बाद ईद आई। कितनी सुहावनी सुबह थी। हरे भरे खेत, नीला आकाश, चकाचौंध करने वाली धूप, सभी को लग रहा था, ईद के आगमन का उत्सव मना रहे थे। पूरा गाँव दौड़भाग में व्यस्त था। ईदगाह जाने की तैयारी जोरो से चल रही थी। किसी के कुर्ते का बटन टूट गया था तो वह पड़ोसी से सुई-डोरा मांगने जा रहा था, किसी का चमड़े का जूता सूखकर कड़ा हो गया था तो वह पानी से तेल लाने के लिए भाग रहा था। बैलों को जल्दी-जल्दी चारा खिलाया जा रहा था। ईदगाह पूरे तीन मील दूर थी, फिर वहाँ लोगों से मिलने-जुलने में भी तो समय लगने वाला था। संबसे ज्यादा उत्तेजित तो बच्चे थे। उनमें से शायद ही किसी ने रोजा रखा हो, पर इससे क्या होता है-रोजा तो बड़े लोगों के लिए होता है।

बच्चों में सबसे प्रसन्न तो हमीद था। वह एक चार-पाँच साल का दुबला-पतला गरीब बच्चा था जिसके पिता की एक साल पहले हैज़े से मृत्यु हो चुकी थी और माँ पहले ही अल्लाह के पास जा चुकी थी। अब वह अपनी बूढ़ी दादी, अमीना के पास खुश था। वह दौड़ कर अपनी दादी के पास गया और बोला, “तुम चिन्ता मत करना, मैं सबसे पहले वापस आ जाऊँगा।” अमीना बहुत दुखी थी-एक नन्ही-सी जान नंगे पैर तीन मील कैसे चलेगी? और अगर वह खो गया तो? वह तो उसके साथ जा नहीं सकती थी। उसे सिंवई बनाने के लिए सामान भी तो लाना था। सामान माँगकर लाने में, खरीदकर लाने से थोड़ा ज्यादा ही समय लगता है। गाँव वाले ईदगाह के लिए रवाना हुए। हमीद भी दूसरे बच्चों के साथ दौड़ता जा रहा था। शहर पहुँचने पर वे धनवान लोगों के घरों, कोर्ट, कॉलेज और थाने के पास से होते हुए ईदगाह पहुँचे। चारों ओर से लोग वहाँ इकट्ठे हो रहे थे। कोई ताँगे से आ रहा था,

कोई कार से तो कोई पैदल। ईदगाह में इमली के पेड़ों की छाया में सीमेण्ट के फर्श पर चादरें बिछी थीं। हमीद अपने गाँव के अन्य लोगों के साथ पीछे की कतार में बैठ गया। यहाँ दौलत और ओहदा कोई फर्क नहीं करता, अल्लाह के सामने सभी इन्सान एक बराबर हैं। कितना सुन्दर दृश्य था- हजारों लोग प्रार्थना में एक साथ सिर झुका रहे थे, फिर सीधे खड़े हो रहे थे, फिर घुटनों के बल बैठ रहे थे।

नमाज खत्म होने के बाद लोग एक-दूसरे से गले मिले, फिर वे मिठाई और खिलौनों की दुकानों की ओर बढ़े। गाँव वाले भी उतने ही उत्तेजित थे जितने बच्चे। झूले पर झूलने का एक पैसा, चरखी पर पच्चीस चक्कर का एक पैसा। महमूद, मोसिन, नूरी और सामी चरखी के घोड़े और ऊँटों पर बैठ कर चक्कर लगा रहे थे पर हमीद नहीं गया-उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे ही तो थे, उन्हें वह इन बेकार-सी चीजों पर खर्च नहीं कर सकता था। खिलौनों की दुकान पर महमूद ने खाकी वर्दी वाला सैनिक खरीदा तो मोहसिन ने एक मुस्कुराता पानी लाने वाला भिश्ती और नूरी ने एक वकील। ये सब खिलौने दो-दो पैसों के थे। हमीद ने कुछ नहीं खरीदा। इन मिट्टी के खिलौनों पर जो थोड़ी देर में टूट सकते थे वह अपनी दौलत खर्च नहीं कर सकता था।

फिर भी वह उनकी ओर ललचाई आँखों से देखता रहा। मिठाई की दुकानों पर बच्चों ने मिठाइयाँ खरीदकर खायौं। किसी ने गुलाबजामुन खरीदी तो किसी ने सोहन हलुआ। हमीद ने कुछ नहीं खरीदा। हमीद का मन भी मिठाई खाने का हो रहा था पर उसने कुछ नहीं खरीदा। उसके पास केवल तीन पैसे ही तो थे, वह उन्हें इन पर खर्च नहीं कर सकता था। आगे चलकर लोहे से बने सामान और आभूषणों की दुकानें आई। यहाँ हमीद ने एक लोहे का चिमटा देखा। उसकी दादी के पास चिमटा नहीं था और रोज ‘रोटी सेंकते समय उसकी अंगुलियाँ जल जाती थी। उसने सोचा यदि वह यह चिमटा अपनी दादी को ले जाकर दे तो वह कितनी खुश होगी-उसे कितना आशीर्वाद देगी। वह दुकान पर गया और दुकानदार से उसका दाम पूछ। दुकानदार बोला छ: पैसे। पर इतने पैसे तो उसके पास थे ही नहीं। उसके पास तो केवल तीन पैसे थे। उसने दुकानदार से कहा तीन पैसों में देना हो तो दो वरना रख लो। आश्चर्य की बात, दुकानदार तीन पैसे में ही देने को राजी हो गया। हमीद ने चिमटा खरीद लिया।

अब हमीद चिमटा कन्धे पर टाँगे दूसरे बच्चों के साथ अकड़ कर चल रहा था। रास्ते में बच्चों से उनके खिलौना उसके चिमटे को लेकर काफी हँसी-मजाक, वाद-विवाद हुआ पर हमीद ने सबको परास्त कर दिया। लौटकर वे लोग घर पहुँचे। मोहसिन की छोटी बहन दौड़कर आई और उससे मशक वाला भिश्ती छीनना चाहा। छीना-झपटी में वह गिर कर टूट गया। नूरी ने अपने वकील को एक जगह बैठाकर उसे पंखे से हवा खिलानी चाही-पंखा उससे टकराया और वह वकील गिरकर टूट गया। महमूद के सैनिक का एक पैर टूट गया तो उसने उसका दूसरा पैर भी तोड़ दिया ताकि वह एक जगह आराम से बैठ सके।

हमीद की दादी, अमीना ने जैसे ही उसकी आवाज सुनी वह दौड़कर उसके पास पहुंची और उसे प्यार से गोद में उठा लिया। जब उसने चिमटा देखा तो वह चौंक गई, इस पर हमीद ने उससे कहा कि उसने चिमटा तीन पैसे में, जो उसकी कुल दौलत थी-उसी के लिए खरीदा है। कैसा अजीब बच्चा है ? सारे समय भूखा प्यासा रहा और खरीदकर लाया एक चिमटा ? दादी ने उसे डॉटा। हमीद की भावनाओं को इससे ठेस पहुंची और दुखी होकर रोनी-सी आवाज में उसने कहा, “रोज रोटी सेंकते समय तुम अपनी अंगुलियाँ जला लेती हो,

इसलिए मैंने यह चिमटा खरीदा।” अमीना का गुस्सा प्यार में बदल गया। यह छोटा-सा बालक कितना नि:स्वार्थी और उदार है। जब उसके साथी मौजमस्ती कर रहे होंगे तब उसके मन में क्या हो रहा होगा ? जब वे लोग मिठाई खा रहे होंगे तब उसे कैसा लग रहा होगा ? इन सबके बीच उसे अपनी दादी का ही ध्यान रहा। अमीना फूट-फूटकर रोने लगी। कैसा आश्चर्य-हमीद, एक छोटे से बालक से हमीद एक वयस्क इन्सान बन गया और अमीना, एक बूढी औरत से एक नन्ही सी बालिका बन गई। उसकी आँखों के आँसू बहते रहे और वह हमीद को आशीर्वाद देती रही।

Idgah Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

• True Worship Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Limits of Knowledge Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Dear Teacher Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Shepherd Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Selfish Giant Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Laxmi and the Doll Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Road Not Taken Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Idgah Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Can We Stop The Earthquakes? Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Waves on the Sleepless Sea Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Letter to God Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Wise Judge Class 11 Questions And Answers
• O Captain! My Captain! Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Gifts of Love Class 11 Questions And Answers
• Uncle Podger Hangs a Picture Class 11 Questions And Answers
• The Broken Wing Class 11 Questions And Answers
• A Grain as Big as a Hen’s Egg Class 11 Questions And Answers
• India’s Gift to the World Class 11 Questions And Answers

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 16 The Captive Air of Chandipur Questions and Answers

The Captive Air of Chandipur Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Choose from the text the words related to the sea, e.g, beach.
Answer:
The words related to the sea are-
delta, tide, watercourse, sails, couch, mudflats

B. Notice the derived ‘past participle form of the root verb (drink) as used in the 1st line and ‘present participle form of the root
verb (drift) as used in the 21nd line. Drink (v) – drunk (past participle, adj.) – The drunk driver met with an accident. Drift (y) – drifting (present participle, adj.) – The drifting log in the water saved me from drowning.
Derive the participle forms of the following verbs and use them in sentences of your own:
light, fly, watch, relate, fight, read, rent, teach, reserve, test
Answer:

• Light – lighten – The lighten path led me cross the street smoothly.
• Fly – flying – A flying object was seen in the sky.
• Watch – watching – The watching soldiers were careless.
• Relate – related – There are some related facts in this case.
• Fight – fighting – The fighting soldiers met his death.
• Read – reading – I have purchased a new reading table.
• Rent – rented – We live in a rented house.
• Teach – teaching ~ My brother has opted for a teaching career.
• Reserve – reserved – It is reserveu berth.
• Test – tested – It is a tested case.

C. Look for the words in the text, which are opposite to the meanings given below:
squeezed, blare, concentrate, swallow, pacifying, living, free, praise,
Answer:

• Squeezed – stretched
• Blare – whisper
• Concentrate – baffles
• Swallow – spit
• Pacifying – provocative
• Living – dead
• Free – captive
• Praise – ridicule
• Forgetfulness – memory.

Mark the word coinage, Chandipur-on-sea. Chandipur is a important coastal location in Orissa. To signify the unique geography of the place, such coinages take place. For example,William Shakespeare was born at Stratford-on-Avon.

D. Give some other examples.
Answer:
Palace – on – wheels
Kings – upon – Hull
Mark the use of compound words like watercourse and madflats in the text. A compound word is usually a noun, an adjective or a verb, made of two or more words or parts of words written as one word, sometimes joined by a hyphen.
watercourse (noun): water + course
mudflats (noun): mud + flats

E. Give five such examples:
Answer:

• goodbye — good + bye
• Noonday — noon +day
• Blackboard — black + board
• Busstand — Bus + stand
• Classteacher — class + teacher

Comprehension

A. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences:

Question 1.
The poet describes the sea at
(a) Paradip
(b) Pun
(c) Chandipur
(d) Cochin.
Answer:
(c) Chandipur

Question 2.
The sea spits out the wings of
(a) birds
(b) shells
(c) planes
(d) none of them.
Answer:
(c) planes

Question 3.
The is paralysed through the centuries.
(a) sound
(b) smell
(c) colour
(d) all of them.
Answer:
(b) smell

Question 4.
The shoulders droop like in the noonday sun.
(a) roses
(b) lotuses
(c) marigolds
(d) none of them.
Answer:
(b) lotuses

Question 5.
hat do the sails whisper?
(a) legends
(b) warnings
(c) praises
(d) all of them.
Answer:
(a) legends

Question 6.
The tide floods the
(a) village
(b) river
(c) mudflats
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) mudflats

B. Read the following lines from the poem and write answers to the questions that follow:
(i) Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?
(a) What does the poet mean by ‘to baffle’?
(b) What is implied by ‘the songs of sea’?
Answer:
(a) Sea appears to be a mystery. It often confuses us. The poet means that sea which is calm works violently and takes lives of fishermen silently.
(b) ‘The song of sea is the tale of struggle of the fishermen and nature. People of Chandipur are destined to die. Still they struggle.

(ii) Of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?
(a) Why did the deltas lure the feet of women?
(b) Why did the women bid goodbye to men?
Answer:
(a) Delta is the stretch of land piece from where sea water intersect in different branches. Here delta is said to lure the women with new hopes for life.
(b) Because they know the fate of their men which make them bid goodbye to them.

C. Answer the following questions in a few sentences:

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘the ridicule of the dead’?
Answer:
‘The ridicule of the dead’ signifies that the men think themselves – to bowarrier and powerful but they cant beat nature. Sea is all powerful. It takes the lines of fishermen. Hence, this lines mocks men’s might.

Question 2.
Who is the ‘occupant of the silent sigh of the conch’?
Answer:
Fishermen of Chandipur are the occupants of the silent sigh of the conch. They are destined to lose their lives in their struggle against the tide.

Question 3.
Why does the poet call the sea at Chandipur drunk?
Answer:
The sea at Chandipur is called so because it is violent and shows no mercy to the fishermen to struggle against it. The sea overpowers eco whole region.

Question 4.
How do ‘songs of sea’ double the space around our lines?
Answer:
The sea is the killer for the fishermen of Chandipur. The fishermen know the truth and destroy their life. Still they fight. The songs of sea – gives them courage and reminding them the brave struggle of their predecessors.

Question 5 .
Why was the delta stretched?
Ans.
Deltas are the stretches of land amid watercourse from where water intersect into different subsections. Here they stretch out in order to create a new hope in the fishermen.

Question 6.
Why does the poet says that the ground is only a memory now?
Answer:
The poet says that the ground is only a memory now because lives have been lost. The fishermen who went on their struggle did not return. They have been killed.

Question 7.
What has the world lost?
Answer:
The world has lost the lives of the fishermen who had gone on the search of their livelihood. The tide killed them. The violent, merciless sea showed no mercy to them.

D. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

Question 1.
Why does the poet say that ‘the song that reaches our ears is our own’?
Answer:
‘The Captive Air of Chandipur-on-Sea’ is a poem that relives the tale’of struggle between Man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. It recounts the nostalgia about he lost labour and efforts of our predecessors in the conquest of Nature. The poet with all realistic touches explains how the sea waves wash away the lives of people living at Chandipur The tide swallows them while they are on the search for their livelihood i e for the other purpose in the sea.

They know their fate. Their predecessors had lost their lives while trying to conquer the sea. Nature is all powerful No one can win over it. Hence they are predestined to face whatever comes to them. Still they celebrate their living. They wait for their ill-fait. They sing songs of their misery What they sing echoes in their ears as their own songs.

Question 2.
What does the poet glorify in the poem? Why?
Answer:
This poem is all about the struggle between man and nature. People of Chandipur are all set to meet their fateful end in the sea. They meet their end in the waves of sea. The tide engulf them. Still they struggle for their life They go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life.

They know what the sea has in its. It is their fate. So they don’t mourn. They forget all their woes and miseries. They know how their predecessors lost their lives. Still women come forward to bid goodbye to their men. This is the truth and reality of life, Life comes and goes but nature never ceases to work. This is the main theme which has been highlighted in this poem.

Question 3.
Is the poet happy with his present? Elaborate?
Answer:
This poem is a song of woes and miseries of the life of the people living in the coastal areas of Chandipur. People at Chandipur are fated to die in the tides because they face it while they go in the sea in search of their food. Sea is the main source of their life. Their predecessors have faced the same situation. They know this truth. They can’t this truth. They can’t beat nature. It is unconquerable. Nature is the superpower and moulds the world as it wants.

Life goes on. People come and go. This is the way of life So the people celebrate their life. They enjoy it. Women came to bid goodbye to their men. They sing songs of their loves. They don’t care for the lost life and the fate that is to come to them. So the poet is happy thinking that mourning can’t relieve them from their woes. What is the use of making the present bad with memories of the past. Let us enjoy the present forgetting the past and thinking about the future.

Poetic Deviceds

(See Text book page – 128)

Speaking Activity

A. Narrate in brief a memorable event that inspires you even to¬day. (2 – 3 minutes)
Answer:
Life is a long journey full of mystery. Everyday, every moment we face a new situation. We keep some of them in mind and forget some of them. But we have some so much great incidents that we do not forget lifelong. It is because they inspire us. I would like to talk about such a situation that put a deep impact on my life. One day I was in the market. Suddenly there was a great cry in the middle of the road. An old man was hit by a car. Men in car didn’t stop.

The old man was injured and asking for help. But nobody cared for him. People were busy in their own business. I came near the injured man. I took him to the hospital. It took few’ days to get him well. I regularly visited him. When he was completely relieved. I asked him where he was to go because I had seen no one else coming to see him. The man told me that he had no one to care for him. His only son had settled abroad. I was moved to fell what the hell such old people are living in. They had done everything for the welfare of their children but now the}’ are living a lonely life.

B. Deliver a short speech on the cultured heritage of India. (2-3 minutes) (Work in groups of four or five)
Answer:
India is a land of glorious rich culture. Right from the dawn of civilization we have seen great cultured endowment in the Vedas, Mahabharat, Ramayana and in many other great books. Music and dance are the two great fields of cultured gifts. Which we have inherited from our ancestors. The earliest known treaties of Indian music, dance and drama are as old as second century B.C.

This is Bharat’s Natya Shastra. Much of the musical terminology used till today is derived from Bharat’s treaties.. Music has from time immemorial been one of the most cherished art of India. The growth of Indian classical music had been a major force of India’s cultural unity. Indian people through their music and dance have expressed their joys and sorrows, their struggles and aspirations, and a myriad other emotionsWhile at work during their hours of leisure they have danced, sung and flayed music. These art forms have inspired by life and in turn have enriched life.

Writing Activity

A. Write a letter to your friend describing your visit to a sea-side like the famous Marina Beach in Chennai or Juhu Beach in Mumbai.
Answer:
787, Preet Vihar
Delhi.
17.6.2007
My Dear Amit,
Last week I had been to Mumbai on a short trip during a vacation. As you know it is the famous land of Bollywood. It appears to be really a world of fantasy. I would like to share joys of visiting this city with you. I reached the Victoria Terminus station in the morning. First I located a hotel and stayed there. After a few hours of rest I started for my visit to the city. First I thought to visit the famous Juhu beach which is the most attractive spot for the tourists. When I reached there I w as amazed to see the beautiful sight of nature. People were enjoying the waves at the beach. Long stretch of the sea is really fantastic. I enjoyed the famous Bhelpuri and coconut water and other famous dishes on the beach It was really an exciting experience. Next time I hope you sill also accompany me
Yours
Rohit

B. Write a short paragraph on The Gifts of Nature or Monuments cultured heritage of India.
Answer:
India is a unique country with rich and glorious possession of heritage. From time immemorial it has been ruled by dz kings from different cultures, They molded India in their on way. As a result mixing all of their India could produce such a wonderful culture that still memories the world. Our monuments arc the living examples of it. It reflects different cultures and living in different ages. To name a few there arc monuments like Qutub Minar. Humanyu’s Tomb. Red Fort, India Gate. Rashtrapati Bhawan. Parliament House, They all belong to different cultures and choices of the rulers who got them built. In the same way have ‘victoria Terminus.

Gateav of India. Charminar. Vivekanand Rock Temple and many more Above all we are proud Lo have Taj Mahal which has been designated as the worlds top most wonder. It is superb. India is really proud of having these monuments.

Think it Over

A. Nature has been one of the major influences on the poets. Do you think it gives an opportunity to compare and contrast the ways of mankind?
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Thinks To Do

A. Chandipur-on-Sea is situated in Orrisa. It has been developed into a famous missile testing range. Collect and prepare a report on the geographic profile of Charidipur.
Answer:
Class activity.

B. Read the poem Lines written a kw miles above Tintern Abbey. Find out what the poet, William Wordsworth has to say about Wyc Valley in Great Britain
Answer:
Do it yourself

The Captive Air of Chandipur Summary in English

Portraying the saga of the struggle between man and Nature in the background of the seascape at Chandipur. the poet says that die intoxicated excited Sea spits out covered wings of shells along the beach at Chandipur. It makes the air untidy and spreads stinking smell paralyzing die whole atmosphere. It appears to be a mystery’. No one can unfold the meaning of the Sea that often confuses the women who come these to bid good-bye to the men.

The salt and light and the provocative eye – all are baffling. What is there that scatters the tide in the shadow of this proud sea is beyond one’s understanding. Whether it is a mocking of die dead none can tell clearly. There are legends in the air of the horizon which questions the man who are you. The ground is nothing but only a memory, a turn breath. And we just wait for the tide. Our song itself comes back to us. It brings to us the cries of the fishermen who lost their lives. It is the music of the lives lost in the tide.

The Captive Air of Chandipur Summary in Hindi

मनुष्य और प्रकृति के बीच संघर्ष की गाथा का चित्रण करते हुए कवि कहता है कि मदमस्त और उत्तेजित समुद्र सीपों को चाँदीपुर के तट पर बिखेरता है। यह वायुमंडल को गंदा करता है और वातावरण को तीखे गंधे से बिल्कुल ही निरस्त कर देता है। यह एक रहस्य की तरह लगता है। कोई भी समुद्र के इस गान का अर्थ स्पष्ट नहीं कर सकता जो प्रायः उन औरतों को भ्रमित करता है जो अपने पतियों को विदा करने यहां आती है। नमक, प्रकाश और उत्तेजित आँखें सभी भ्रमित करने वाले हैं। घमंडी समुद की छाया में क्या है जो लहरों को बिखेरता है-यह किसी की भी समझ से परे है। क्या यह मृतकों का उपहास है-कोई भी इसे स्पष्ट नहीं कर सकता। यहां की हवाओं में गाधाएं बिखरी हैं जो मनुष्य से सवाल करती हैं-तुम कौन हो? तथ्य कुछ भी नहीं, केवल कुछ यादें हैं और टूटी हुई सांसें और हम ज्वार-भाटा का इंतजार करते हैं। हमारे गान ही हम तक वापस आते हैं। यह हम तक उन मछुआरों की चीखों को वापस लाते हैं जिन्होंने इन्हीं समुद्री में अपना जीवन खो दिया। यह उस जीवन का संगीत है जो उन लहरों में खो गया!

The Captive Air of Chandipur Word Meaning

The Captive Air of Chandipur Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. Day after day the drunk sea at Chandipur spits out the gauze wings of shells along the beach and rumples the thin air behind the sands. Who can tell of the songs of this sea that go on to baffle and double the space around our lives?

Questions:
(i) Which place is referred to in these lines?
(ii) In which state is the sea?
(iii) What does the sea spit out?
(iv) What do the songs do?
(v) Find similar word for intoxicated in the above lines?
Answers:
(i) Sea beach at Chandipur is referred to in these lines.
(ii) The sea is in drunken state.
(Hi) The sea spits out the gauze wings of shells
(iv) The songs baffle and double the space around our lives.
(v) ‘drunk’.

2. Or of smells paralysed through the centuries, of deltas hard and white that stretched once to lure the feet of women bidding their men goodbye?Or of salt and light that dark and provocative eyes demanded, their shoulders drooping like lotuses in the noonday sun?

Questions
(i) What is stretched along the sea beach?
(ii) What does it do?
(iii) Why do women come there?
(iv) What is compared with‘lotuses in the noonday sun ?
(v) What is the meaning of ‘drooping’?
Answers:
(i) White sandy land is stretched along the sea beach.
(ii) It lures the feet of women.
(iii) Women come there to bid their men goodbye.
(iv) The drooping shoulders of the men is compared with ‘lotuses in , the noonday sun’.
(v) ‘weak’.

3. The ground seems only a memory now, a turn breath and as we wait for the tide to flood the mudflats , the song that reaches our ears is just our own. The cries of fishermen come drifting through the spray, music of what the world has lost.

Questions:
(i) What does the ground seem to be
(ii) Why do we wait
(iii) What is the song that reaches our ears’’
(iv) What does drift through the spray?
(v) Explain the last line?
Answers:
(i) The ground seems to be only a memory of atom breath.
(ii) We wait for the tide,
(iii) It is the song just our own that echo in our ears.
(iv) The cries of fishermen drift through the spray.
(v) It is the music of the world that is lost in the tide.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

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