Prasanna

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 Interdependence

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Interdependence

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Question (a)
What are the basic needs of human beings?
Answer:
The basic needs of human beings are food to eat, cloths to wear and homes to live in.

Question (b)
Where are corns, vegetables and fruits produced?
Answer:
Corns, vegetables and fruits are produced in villages to town from villages.

Question (c)
What were the needs of human beings in the ancient times?
Answer:
The life of the people in ancient times was very simple. They had very few needs. They got water from nearby rivers or ponds. The grain produced in their villages provided them with food. The earth, dried grass and wood were used to build the houses.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
What is interdependence? Explain.
Answer:
The dependence on each other to complete a work or fulfill a need is called interdependence.

Question (b)
Why is there a need of interdepenedence? Explain the interdependence of countries with examples?
Answer:
The increase and diversity of the needs became the reason for interdependence.

Countries depend on each other for things which are not available or available in very little quantity. For example, our country has to depend on other countries for petroleum products i.e., diesel, petrol and kerosene; modern equipments and arms for the army. We get these from countries which produce them.

On the other hand, we send spices, tea, cement, ready – made garments to other countries.

Question (c)
What is the importance of interdependence in the life of citizens?
Answer:
The citizen’s life is dependent on mutual help. In the family, school and neighbourhood, there is a need of mutual help. In your school you must have some rules which are essential for every teacher and student to follow. The work, we do as a rule, is called duty. The life of citizens depend on mutual help and performance of duty.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Our citizen’s life depend on mutual …………. and ……………
2. All types of ………….. are not produced in every area.

Answer:

1.  help, performance
2. things

Project Work

Question 1.
Find out about the services provided by the railways, postal department, telegraph and telephone departments. How do we depend on them?
Answer:
We depend on railway service for travelling and transport; postal, telegraphic, telephone services for communication. These are all the important needs, so we depend upon on these services.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 29 Asia: Economic Resources

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
Coal is found in abundance in:
(a) Russia
(b) Malaysia
(c) Java
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(a) Russia

Question 2.
The silk route is related to:
(a) India
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) China
(d) Japan
Answer:
(c) China

Question 3.
The important Petroleum producing country:
(a) Kuwait
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(a) Kuwait

Fill in the blanks:

1. Most of the population of Asia is engaged in …………..
2. The largest tin producing country in Asia is …………….
3. ………….. is the largest Railway of the world.
4. Suez is a …………… which joins red sea and the ………….

Answer:

1. Agriculture
2. Malaysia
3. Trans – Siberian Railway
4. Canal, Mediterranean Sea.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the countries where iron is found.
Answer:
India, China and Russia.

Question 2.
Name the major Crops of Asia.
Answer:
Rice, wheat, maze, sugarcane, tea, silk, jute, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits.

Question 3.
Write the name of the main cities which are connected with the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Answer:
The Trans-Siberian Railway extends from Moscow, the capital of Russia to Vladivostok.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 29 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the importance of agriculture as the important economic resources of Asia?
Answer:
The vast population of Asia depends upon agriculture. The main occupation of the people in the alluvial riverie plains, like the Indus – Ganga plains, Yang – Tse – Kiang and Hwnag Ho plains, Iirawady and Metkong plains is agriculture. The bulk of Asia’s population is found here.

Crops are grownnot only inplains but they also cultivable in the foothills of mountains and plateaus. The main crops grown in Asia are rice, wheat, maze, sugarcane, tea, silk, jute, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits. The silk of China and rubber of Indonesia help in consolidating the economy of these countries.

Question 2.
How do the transport resources of Asia help in its economic development?
Answer:
In Asia China, Japan, India, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. are those countries where the roads have been developed on a large scale. It has helped in the development of trade and industry and the economy of these countries. The Trans – Siberian Railway is the world’s longest Railway. It extends from Moscow, the capital of Russia to Vladivostok. It has contributed a lot to its economic development In the same way India, China, Japan etc.

have developed railway network. It has helped in the economic development of these countries. The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It has great importance in Asia’s trade. The countries of Southwest Asia and East Asia and the other industrialized countries of the world have come closer to each other through this route. It has also increased their trade. Almost all the big cities of Asia are connected by Airways. Hong Kong, Tehran, Singapore, Shanghai, Tokyo etc. are connected by air routes.

Depict the following in the map of Asia:

1. Rice producing area
2. Rubber producing area
3. Coal producing country
4. Petroleun producing country

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 30 The Continent of Europe: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Text Book Questions

Match the following:

Answer:
1. (b) Caspian Sea
2. (d) Taiga
3. (a) Albums peak
4. (c) Reindeer
5. (d) Mount Blanca

Fill in the blanks:

1. Europe is the ……………. largest continent in the world in area.
2. The largest river of Europe is ………….
3. The major part of Europe lies in the …………… zone.
4. The highest peak of the Alps is ……………
5. …………… mountains form the eastern frontiers of Europe.

Answer:

1. sixth
2. Volga River
3. temperate
4. Mount Blanca
5. Ural.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the latitudinal extent of Europe.
Answer:
Europe is located between 37° to 72° North latitude.

Question 2.
Which river of Europe drains itself into the Black Sea?
Answer:
The Danube river drains itself into the Black Sea.

Question 3.
The climate of Europe is influenced the most by which wind?
Answer:
The climate of Europe is influenced the most by the westerly winds.

Question 4.
What are the main features of Meditarranean vegetation?
Answer:
The main features of Meditarranean vegetation are:

• The trees are of short height but the roots are very deep.
• The leaves are small, thick and fleshy.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 30 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the climate and vegetation of Europe.
Answer:
In the Western Europe the climate is marine type. In this climate die winters are cool not cold, and the summers are warm and not hot. Winters are foggy. The rainfall is well distributed all over the year and the temperature is equable. Such climate is found in Central and Eastern Europe. This part of the continent is far from die moderating influence of the westerlies and the ocean. It has Continental climate where it is extreme hot in summer, cold in winter.

The range of temperature is very great Rainfall is moderate. In southern European countries surrounding the Mediterranean the winters are warm and summers are dry. In the summer the region comes under the influence of sub-tropical high pressure belt It, combined with off-shore winds rales any possibility of rain.

In the winter the region comes under the influence of the rain bearing westerlies. In the region situated in the North of Arctic Circle the summers are brief, days are long and warm. The sun is visible at night also. For die major part of the year the region is covered with snow. Precipitation is much less and it is in the form of snow only. This type of climate is known as Tundra climate.

Question 2.
Describe the physical features of Europe.
Answer:
Europe has been divided into four physical divisions:

1. The North western Highlands
2. The Great European Plains
3. The Central Plateaus
4. The Southern Alpine Mountains

1. The North Western Highlands:
In the North western part of Europe there are mountains and plateaus. Their extent is more in the countries like Norway and Sweden. The coast line of Norway is indented, ragged, long and narrow and the deep arms of the sea between high cliffs penetrate into the land. Here the land is not fit for cultivation. Hence population is very thin.

2. The Great Europe Piains:
They are spread from France at the Atlantic coast to the European part of Russia at Ural Mountains. They are widest in Russia and go on narrowing towards the west It extends from the white sea in the north to the Southern plateaus and mountain in the south. There plains are very fertile. The important rivers are Volga, Danube, Seine, the Rhine, the Alvin, the Order etc.

3. The Central Plateau:
A series of mountains and plateaus are spread to the Southern part of the European plains. They are notoriety high. It is not fit for agriculture.

4. The Southern Alpine Mountains:
To die south of the old mountains live a chain of young and high mountain. These mountains extend from Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Caspian Sea in the east The most important among them is die Alps Mountain. Mount Blanca is the highest peak of the Alps.

Map Work:
Mark the following in the map of Europe:

1. The Alps and Seandinarian mountains
2. Seine, Rhine and Volga river
3. Taiga region
4. Iceland and Norway
5. Baltic Sea, Meditarranean Sea, Black Sea and White Sea.

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 28 Asia: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Text Book Questions

Fill in the blanks:

1. The largest continent in the world is …………….
2. ……………… is the highest mountain peak of the world.
3. The plains of Northern part of Asia is known as ……………….
4. The plateau which lies in the ……………… central part of Asia is known as the roof of the world.
5. High pressure area is formed in …………… the part of Asia during winters.
6. …………… receives the highest rainfall in the world.

Answer:

1. Asia
2. Mount Everest
3. Siberian Plain
4. Pamir
5. Central
6. Mansynram.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which oceans surround the continent of Asia?
Answer:
The continent of Asia is surrounded by oceans on three sides. The Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Indian Ocean lies to the south of the continent.

Question 2.
Write the names of any two mountains and any two plateaus of Asia.
Answer:
Name of two mountains:

1. Ural Mountains
2. The Central Mountains Name of two plateaus
3. The Pamir plateau
4. The Tibetan Plateau.

Question 3.
Into how many physical features do we divide the continent of Asia? Write their names.
Answer:
The continent of Asia can be divided into five physical features. Their names are:

1. The northern lowlands
2. The central mountains
3. The southern plateaus
4. The great river valleys
5. The island groups.

Question 4.
Write any two factors which influence the climate of Asia.
Answer:
The two factors which influence the climate of Asia:

• Its vast size.
• Great latitudinal extent in the central mountains and plateaus.

Question 5.
Write any two differences between the vegetation found in the Northern and Southern part of Asia.
Answer:
Two differences between the vegetation found in the Northern and Southern part of Asia is:
1. The Northern part of Asia experiences extreme cold. But its Southern part has evergreen climate.

2. The vegetation found in the North empart are lichens, jherberi, mosses etc. which can withstand the extreme cold. The vegetation found in die Southern part are evergreen trees like spruce, fir and pine.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 28 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in detail the relief of the continent of Asia.
Answer:
The continent of Asia consists of the highest mountain ranges, lowlands and plains. It maybe divided into five major.

physical divisions:
1. The North Lowlands:
It is a vast plain which extends between the Ural Mountains in die west, Lena river in the east and the Central Mountains in the south, known as the ‘Siberian Plain’, it is drained by rivers like Ob, Yenisei and Lena Lake Baikal, die deepest lake of die world is located in Siberia.

2. The Central Mountains:
The folded mountains and plateaus lie in the south of the northern lowlands. The Pamir plateau is a meeting place of several ranges, which form the Pamir knot This plateau is known as die ‘Roof of the World’, because it is the highest plateau in the world. The Tibetan plateau lies to the east of the Pamir plateau. Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges of the world. Mount Everest is situated in the Himalayas.

3. The Southern Plateaus:
To the south of the central mountain belt, there’ are some plateau which form the major part of the peninsula projecting southwards from the mainland of Asia. These plateaus are the plateau of Arabia, the Deccan plateau and the plateau of Yunnan.

4. The Great River Valleys:
To the east and south of Asia are found riverineplains. In the south are the Sindhu, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains, in the southeast are the plains formed by rivers Irrawady, Salvin, Yang-Tse-Kiang, Sikiang, Minang- Mekong and Amursar.

5. The Island Groups:
Some groups of islands are situated to the south-east and east of the continent of Asia. There are three major island groups-Indonesia, Philippines and Japan.

Question 2.
Describe the climate and wild life of the continent of Asia.
Answer:
Climate:
The southern part of the continent is situated near the equator and hence, remains hot and humid throughout the year. The northern part remains covered with snow as it is situated away from the equator.

During the summer season die rays of the sun falls vertically on the Northern Hemisphere. The temperature rises and a low – pressure area is developed over Central Asia. The moisture laden winds start blowing from the seas to the low pressure. These winds are known as southwestern monsoon winds.

Asia experiences the cold weather season during Oct-Dec. in the North  part of the Central mountains. High pressure builds over Central Asia The wind starts blowing from High pressure (Central Asia) to low pressure area (Southern Asia). Wild Life of Asia-In the northern part of Asia where die area is covered with snow throughout die year reindeer, polar bear, seal and whales are found.

In the south where die climate is hot and humid and deciduous forests are spread, lion, tiger, deer, elephants, wild buffaloes and rich rocuous etc. are die main wild life found. In die western dry and desert area sheep, goats, camel, ass and gazelle are found.

Map Work:

1. The Pamir plateau
2. The Deccan plateau
3. The Himalayan mountains
4. The Ural mountains
5. The Ganga river
6. Yang-Tie-kiang river
7. The Siberian plateau
8. The Ganga-Brahamaputra river
9. The Indonesian group of islands
10. Japan is group of islands.

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 25 Our Judicial System

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
The Judge of the Supreme Court remains in the office till the age of:
(a) 65 years
(b) 62 years
(c) 67 years
(d) 60 years
Answer:
(a) 65 years

Question 2.
The Chief Justice of the High Court is appointed by the President in consultation with the:
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Governor
(c) Education Minister
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Governor

Fill in the blanks

1. The Supreme Court of India is situated at ……………
2. To become a Judge one must be a citizen of ……………
3. The ………….. appoints die Chief Justice.
4. The High Court of Madhya Pradesh is situated at ………….

Answer:

1. Delhi
2. India
3. President
4. Jabalpur

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many Judges are there in Supreme Court?
Answer:
There is one Chief Justice and 25 other judges in the Supreme Court.

Question 2.
What qualifications are required for the post of the Judge of a High Court?
Answer:
The following qualifications are essential for a person to be a judge of a High Court:

• He must be a citizen of India.
• He must have worked as a Judge in any court of the state for 10 years or practiced law for 10 years.

Question 3.
Write any two important functions of the High Court.
Answer:

1. The High Court has original and appellate jurisdiction. It has the power to hear for the first time civil and criminal cases and cases regarding the fundamental rights.

2. The High Court takes necessary action regarding the protection of fundamental rights granted in the Indian Constitution. It is binding on all the subordinate courts to obey the orders of the High Court regarding the protection of fundamental rights.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 25 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in detail the jurisdiction and function of the Supreme Court.
Answer:
Jurisdiction and functions of the Supreme Court –
1. Original Jurisdiction -Cases which come directly to the Supreme Court are under its original jurisdiction.
These are –

• Disputes between central and state government
• Disputes between two or more states.
• Disputes between the central government and one or more states on one side and one or more states on the other side.
• Those matters, which are related to the violation of Fundamental Rights of a person.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction:
Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in the country. It hears appeals against decision of the High Courts in three types of cases:

• Civil
• Criminal
• Cases involving interpretation of the Constitution.
• Guardian of Fundamental Rights.
• Guardian of the Constitution.
• Court of Record.

3. Protection of the Constitution and the Fundamental Rights:
If any law enacted by the Government is against the spirit of the Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare it null and void. The Supreme Court also protects the Fundamental Rights of a person if they are violated.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 The Family and the Society

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
What is the unit of family?
Answer:
Father, mother, brother and sister together constitute a family. In bigger families grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts also live with their children. This type of family is called joint family.

Question (b)
How is a person known in society?
Answer:
A person known in society through the relationship with the neighbour and other families.

Question (c)
Who is considered to be the first teacher of a child?
Answer:
Parents are considered to be the first teacher of a child.

Question (d)
What occupations are taken up by people in a society?
Answer:
The occupations taken up by people in a society are interdependence among people, the spirit of working together, respect for the ideas of others and the capacity to analyse social events in a right manner.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 3 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
What do you understand by a nuclear and joint family?
Answer:
A nuclear family is usually small family consisting of father, mother, brother and sister. A joint family, on the other hand, also has grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts and their children.

Question (b)
How a society is formed? What evils can be controlled by the society?
Answer:
A society is a network of social relations. In fact, a society is formed by the relationship among many families. Man is a social animal, so man lives in a family and society. Many problems come in the life of a man, like selection of a partner for marriage and bringing up children and educating them. The members of the family and their family friends help to resolve these problems.

A society can control many social evils like child – marriage, large families not giving elementary education to children.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1.  …………. accept the responsibility of their children naturally.
2. A small family is considered to be ……………. family.
3. The unit of the family is ……………
4. The unit of the society is …………..

Answer:

1. parent
2. an ideal
3. individual
4. system

Project Work

Question 1.
Make a list of five nuclear familes and five joint families. Observe one nucelar family and one joint family. Write a note on their activites, interdependence and social relation?
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

Question 2.
Observe the food habits, life style, traditions and festivals of people around you. Write a brief report on them?
Answer:
Please do with the help of your teacher.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 24 The Rise of the Sikh and Maratha Power

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 24 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
Khalsa group was organised by:
(a) Guru Govind Singh
(b) Guru Teg Bahadur
(c) Banda Bahadur
(d) Gum Hargovind.
Answer:
(a) Guru Govind Singh

Question 2.
The credit of organisation of Maratha power goes to:
(a) Sambaji
(b) Shahji
(c) Shivaji
(d) Peshwa.
Answer:
(c) Shivaji

Question 3.
To Supress the power of Shivaji the Sultan of Bijapur sent:
(a) Afzal Khan
(b) Adil Shah
(c) ShaistaKhan
(d) Hasan Khan
Answer:
(a) Afzal Khan

Question 4.
At the highest position of Shivaji’s Ashta Pradhan was:
(a) Amatya
(b) Secretary
(c) Panditrao
(d) Peshwa.
Answer:
(d) Peshwa.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The title of Sachcha Padshah was conferred on …………
2. …………… was fee first Guru of the Sikhs.
3. Shivaji adorned fee title of …………. after his coronation.
4. ………….. was the source of income of Shivaji’s Kingdom.

Answer:

1. Banda Bahadur
2. Guru Nanak
3. Chhatrapati
4. land revenue

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 24 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What efforts was made by Guru Govind Singh to make the Sikhs powerful?
Answer:
Gum Govind Singh transformed the Sikhs into a separate community and named them Khalsa. He prescribed the five K’s-Kara, Kripan, Kesh, Kachacha, and Kangha for the Sikhs. He transformed the Sikhs into a powerful military organization.

Question 2.
What education did Shivaji receive in his childhood?
Answer:
Shivaji was taught to be independent. His mother instilled inspiration and determination in him to defend his people and his country.

Question 3.
Why did Shivaji kill Afzal Khan?
Answer:
Afzal Khan was sent to capture Shivaji. He plotted to kill him. Shivaji came to know about his plan and killed him in order to save his own life.

Question 4.
Write short notes on:

1. Ashta Pradhan.
2. The military administration of Shivaji.

Answer:
1. Ashta Pradhan:
Shivaji had appointed a council of eightministers. It was called Ashta Pradhan. Their main function was to advise Shivaji in carrying out the administration of his territories. Each person was the head of his department. However all worked under the chairmanship of Shivaji.

These Ashta Pradhan were –

• Peshwa (Prime Minister)
• Amatya (Finance Minister)
• Sumant (External Affair Minister)
• Mari
• Sachiv (Secretary)
• Panditrao (Purohit)
• Senapati (army general)
• Nyayadhish (Judge)

2. The military administration of Shivaji:
Shivaji had maintained discipline in his army. His army comprised of cavalry, infantry, artillery and navy. The soldiers were under control. They never tried to break the rules of discipline. Beside other duties, they also protected the holy books and safeguarded the women, children or old people from abuse.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 24 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Clarify the Mughal and the Sikh relations.
Answer:
The Skihs were the followers of Guru Nanak. By the seventeenth century, Sikhism (new religion) had become the religion of the peasants and artisans in many parts of the the Punjab. After Gum Nanak, there were other nine Sikh Gurus. The earlier Gums concentrated mainly on Sikhism But the later Gums became the military leaders of the Sikhs also. They did so because they had to defend themselves from the atrocities of the Mughals.

The fifth Gum Aijundev was accused by Jahangir for helping his son Khusro in the revolt against him and was killed. The confrontation and martyrdom of the gurus transformed die Sikhs into a military brotherhood. To curb the growing power and strength of the Sikhs, Aurangzeb ordered the execution of Gum Tegh Bahadur in 1675 A.D. This enraged the Sikhs.

As a result, the tenth and last Gum Govind Singh organised the Sikhs as soldiers and prepared them for a long battle against the Mughals. Like Maratha, the Sikhs carried out raids in various places, but unlike Maratha, they could not establish an independent state during the reign of Aurangzeb. Thus we see that the relations between the Mughals and the Sikhs were not friendly. They were always on fighting terms. Enmity was at its height between both the sects.

Question 2.
Shivaji had excellent administrative ability. Explain?
Answer:
Shivaji was not only a great general but also a good administrator of top order. Shivaji’s administration was of high order which inspired by ideals of public welfare. Though Shivaji was all in all, in all matters, he kept a committee of 8 persons to advise him on the affairs of the state. This committee came to be known as Ashta Pradhan. This was file main feature of Shivaji’s administration.

The main source of income was the tax on the land which amounted to two – fifths of file land produce. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were also levied on those living outside Maratha kingdom. Chauth was one fourth of the tax which farmers paid such kingdoms by their peasants. Sardeshmukhi was over and above this tax. It was one tenth of the total revenue, from which these taxes were collected, remained free from the Maratha looting’s and attacks.

For the smooth and efficient administration, Shivaji divided his kingdom into a number of provinces known as prants, and each prant into districts and parganas. In this way Shivaji proved himself as an able administrator.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 23 The Administration of the Mughal and the Life of the People

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 23 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
During the Mughal period the Di-wan or Wazir looked after:
(a) The income & expenditure
(b) The army
(c) Home affairs
(d) Judicial affairs
Answer:
(a) The income & expenditure

Question 2.
The main occupation of the people during the Mughal rule was:
(a) Agriculture
(b) Timber industry
(c) Foreign trade
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Agriculture

Question 3.
Which new faith was propagated by Akbar:
(a) Din-i-illahi
(b) Bhakti Movement
(c) Sikhism
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) Din-i-illahi

Fill in the blanks:

1. The court language was …………. during the Mughal period. (Sanskrit, Arabic, Urdu and Pessian)
2. During the reign of Akbar …………. was the great singer of India, (Tansen, Tulsidas, Raidas, Mirabai).
3. The ………….. built by Shajahan is included in the world heritage site. (Jama Masjid, Redfort, Tajmahal, Hawaniahal)

Answer:

1. Urdus and Persian
2. Tansen
3. Tajmahal.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 23 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a short account of the administration of the Mughal period.
Answer:
The Emperor was all powerful. He ruled with the help of his army. There were many Ministers to did and assist the Emperor, e.g. Wakil, Wazir or Diwan, Mirabakshi, Khan – i – sama, Qazi – ul – Qazat etc. Akbar introduced the provincial system of administration in his empire. He divided his empire in 18 Subas.

Question 2.
Name of the items of import and export during the Mughal period.
Answer:

1. Items of import:
Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Steel, Glass, Minors, Wines, Horses, Corals, Mercury etc.

2. Items of export:
Muslim, Spices, Turmeric, Gun powder, Indigo, opium, Sugar, Gum, Sugar candy, Precious stones etc.

Question 3.
Give an account of Akbar’s religious policy.
Answer:
Akbar followed a policy of broad religious toleration. He gave full religious freedom to die people. In 1594 he abolished the Jazia which was used by the Ulema to humiliate the non – Muslims. He abolished the pilgrim’s tax. Generally he removed himself from orthodoxy in Islam. He set up a new religion which was compounded of many existing religions Hinduism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism etc. This new religion was known as Din-i-Illahi.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 23 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe with examples the development of architecture during the Mughal Period.
Answer:
The Mughal Emperors were great lovers of architecture. The buildings of this period reflect the fusion of Hindu – Muslim – style of architecture. The tomb of Humayun is an excellent piece of architecture. Akbar built the city of Fatehpur Sikri in which besides Buland Darwaza many beautiful buildings were also constructed. Noorjahan built the tomb of her father Itmad – ud – daulah that was decorated wife precious gems.

The Tajmahal built by Shahjahan in fee memory of his Begun Mumtaz is fee best example of architecture of Mughal period. It has been included in fee World Heritage Site. Shahjahan also built – Jama Masjid at Delhi and Agra, The Red Fort of Delhi, Shish Mahal etc. The Moti Masjid was built by Aurangzeb. Thus we can find magnificent buildings during fee Mughal period.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.4

प्रश्न 1.
द्विपदों को गुणा कीजिए –

1. (2x + 5) और (4x – 3)
2. (y – 8) और (3y – 4)
3. (2.5l – 0.5m) और (2.51+ 0.5m)
4. (a + 3b) और (x + 5)
5. (2pq + 3q²) और (3pq – 2q²)
6. (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² +3b²) और 4 (a² – \(\frac{2}{3}\)2b²)

हल:
1. (2x + 5) x (4x – 3)
= (2x × 4x – 3) + 5 (4x – 3)
= 2x × 4x – 2x × 3 + 5 × 4x – 5 x 3
= 8x² – 6x + 20x – 15
= 8x + 14x – 15 (समान पदों को जोड़ने पर)

2. (y – 8) x (3y – 4) = y × (3y – 4) – 8 (3y – 4)
= y × 3y – y × 4 – 8 × 3y + 8 × 4
= 3y² – 4y – 24y + 32
= 3y² – 28y + 32

3. (2.51 – 0.5m) x (2.51 + 0.5m)
= 2.51 (2.51 + 0.5m) – 0.5m (2.51 + 0.5m)
= 6.25l² + 1.25lm – 1.25lm – 0.25m²
= 6.25l² – 0.25m²

4. (a + 3b) x (x + 5) = a x (x + 5) + 3b (x + 5)
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 3b x 5
= ax + 5a + 3bx + 15b

5. (2pq + 3q²) (3pq – 2q²)
= 2pq x (3pq – 2q²) + 3q²(3pq – 2q²)
= 2pq x 3pq – 2pq x 2q² + 3q² x 3pq – 3q² x 2q2
= 6p²q² – 4pq² + 9pq³ – 6q⁴
= 6p²q² + 5pq³ – 6q⁴

6. (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² + 3b²) = 4 (a² – \(\frac{2}{3}\)b²)
= (\(\frac{3}{4}\)a² + 3b²) + (4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\)b²)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\)a²(4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\) b²) + 3b³ (4a² – \(\frac{8}{3}\)b²)
= 3a⁴ – 2a²b² + 12a²b² – 8b⁴
= 3a⁴ – 10a²b² – 8b⁴

प्रश्न 2.
गुणनफल ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. (5 – 2x) (3 + x)
2. (x + 7y) (7x – y)
3. (a² + b) (a + b²)
4. (p² – q²) (2p + q)

हल:
1. (5 – 2x) x (3 + x) = 5 x (3 + x) – 2x × (3 + x)
= 15 + 5x – 6x – 2x²
= 15 – x – 2x²

2. (x + 7y) x (7x – y) = x × (7x – y) + 7y x (7x – y)
= 7x² – xy + 49xy – 7y²
= 7x² + 48xy – 7y²

3. (a² + b) x (a + b²) = a² x (a + b²) + b x (a + b²)
= a + a²b² + ab + b²
= a³ + a²b² + ab + b³

4. (p² – q²) x (2p + q) = p² x (2p + q) – q² x (2p +9)
=2p³ + p²q – 2pq² – q³
= 3p³ + p²q – 2pq² – q³

प्रश्न 3.
सरल कीजिए –

1. (x² – 5) (x + 5) + 25
2. (a² + 5) (b³ + 3) + 5
3. (t + s²)(t² – s)
4. (a + b)(c – d) + (a – b) (c + d) + 2(ac + ba)
5. (x + y (2y + y) + (x + 2y) (x – y)
6. (x + y) (x² – xy + y)
7. (1.5x – 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
8. (a + b + c) (a + b – c)

हल:
1. (x² – 5) (x + 5) + 25
=x² × (x + 5) – 5 x (x + 5) + 25
=x³ × 5x² – 5x – 25 + 25
= x³ + 5x² – 5x

2. (a² + 5) × (b³ + 3) + 5
= a² x (b³ + 3) + 5 x (b³ + 3) + 5
= a²b³ + 3a² + 5b³ + 15 + 5
= a²b³ + 3a² + 5b³ + 20

3. (t + s²) (t² – s) = t × (t² – s) + s² + (t² – s)
= t³ – ts + s²t² – s³

4. (a + b)(c – d) + (a – b)(c + d) + 2(ac + bd)
= a (c – d) + b(c – d) + a(c – d) – b(c + d) + 2ac + 2bd
= ac – ad + bc – bd + ac + ad – bc – bd + 2ac + 2bd
= (1 + 1 + 2)ac + (- 1 + 1) ad + (1 – 1)bc (- 1 – 1 + 2)bd
= (4ac + (0) ad + (0) bc + (0) bd
= 4ac

5. (x + y) (2x + y) + (x + 2y) (x – y)
= x(2x + y) + y x (2x + y) + x × (x – y) + 2y (x – y)
= 2x² + xy + 2xy + y² + x² – xy + 2xy – 2y²
= 2x² + x² + xy + 2xy – xy + 2xy + y² – 2y²
= 3x² + 4xy – y²

6. (x + y) (x² – xy + y²)
= x × (x² – xy + y²) + y x (x² – xy + y²)
= x³ – x²y + xy² + x²y – xy² + y³
= x³ – x²y + x²y + xy² – xy² + y³
= x³ + y³

7. (1.5x – 4y) (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
= 1.5x (1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4y(1.5x + 4y + 3) – 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25x² + 6.0xy + 4.5x – 6.0xy – 16y² – 12y – 4.5x + 12y
= 2.25x² + 6.0xy – 6.0xy + 4.5x – 4.5x – 12y + 12y – 16y²
= 2.25x² – 16y²

8. (a + b + c)(a + b – c) = a (a + b – c) + b(a + b – c) + c(a + b – c)
= a² + ab – ac + ab + b² – bc + ac + bc – c²
= a² + b² – c² + ab + ab – ac + ac – bc + bc
= a² + b² – c² + 2ab

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 158

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 9.8)

प्रश्न 1.
सर्वसमिका (I) में b के स्थान पर – b रखिए। क्या आपको सर्वसमिका (II) प्राप्त होती है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (I) से, हम प्राप्त करते हैं
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
b के स्थान पर – b रखने पर,
{a + (-b)}² = a² + 2a(- b) + (- b)²
(a – b)² = a – 2ab + b² (सर्वसमिका II)
हाँ, सर्वसमिका (I) में b के स्थान पर – b रखने पर हमें सर्वसमिका II प्राप्त होती है।

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 9.9)

प्रश्न 1.
a = 2, b = 3,x = 5 के लिए सर्वसमिका (IV) का सत्यापन कीजिए।
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि सर्वसमिका
(x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab
a = 2
b = 3 तथा
x = 5 रखने पर,
L.H.S. = (x + a) (x + b)
= (5 + 2) (5 + 3)
= 7 x 8 = 56
R.H.S. = x² + (a + b)x + ab
= (5)² + (2 + 3)5 + 2 x 3
= 25 + 25 + 6 = 56
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
अत: a = 2, b = 3 और x = 5 के लिए सर्वसमिका (IV) का सत्यापन होता है।

प्रश्न 2.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में a = b लेने पर आप क्या प्राप्त करते हैं? क्या यह सर्वसमिका (I) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
हम जानते हैं कि सर्वसमिका (IV)
(x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab
इसमें a = b रखने पर, हम प्राप्त करते हैं –
(x + b) (x + b) = x² + (b + b)x + b x b
= x² + 2bx + b²
अथवा
x + 2ax + a
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (I) से सम्बन्धित है।

प्रश्न 3.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में a = – c तथा b = – c लेने पर, आप क्या प्राप्त करते हैं। क्या यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (IV) से, x = – c रखने पर हम प्राप्त करते हैं –
[x + (- c)] [x + (- c)] = x² + (- c – c) x + (- c) (- c)
या (x – c) (x – c) = x² – 2cx + c²
(x – c)² = x² – 2cx + c²
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है।

प्रश्न 4.
सर्वसमिका (IV) में b = – a लीजिए। आप क्या पाते हैं? क्या यह सर्वसमिका (III) से सम्बन्धित है?
हल:
सर्वसमिका (IV) में b = – a लेने पर, हम पाते हैं –
(x + a) {x + (- a)} = x² + (a – a)x + (a)(- a)
या (x + a) (x – a) = x² – a²
हाँ, यह सर्वसमिका (II) से सम्बन्धित है।

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 9th Sanskrit Solutions Durva Chapter 6 शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम् (पद्यम्)

MP Board Class 9th Sanskrit Chapter 6 पाठ्य पुस्तक के प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत (एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो)
(क) ध्यानं कथम्, आचरेत? (ध्यान का पालन कैसे करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
ध्यानं बकवत् आचरेत। (बगुले के समान एकाग्र मन से ध्यान करना चाहिए।)

(ख) दीपः किं प्रसूयते? (दीपक क्या उत्पन्न करता है?)
उत्तर:
दीपः कञ्जलम् प्रसूयते। (दीपक काजल पैदा करता है।)

(ग) आहारसमं किं नास्ति? (भोजन के समान क्या नहीं है?)
उत्तर:
आहारसमं सौख्यम् नास्ति। (भोजन के समान सुख नहीं है।)

(घ) सर्व परित्यज्य कम् अनुपालयेत्? (सबको छोड़कर किसका पालन करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
सर्व परित्यज्य शरीर अनुपालयेत। (सबको छोड़कर शरीर का पालन करना चाहिए।)

(ङ) चर्वणं कथं कुर्यात? (किस तरह चबाना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
चर्वणं अजवत् कुर्यात्। (बकरे की तरह चबाना चाहिए।)

प्रश्न 2.
एक वाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत (एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो)
(क) के सुखदुःखयोःकतारं मन्येत्? (किसे सुख-दुख का कर्ता माना जाता है?)
उत्तर:
आत्मानम् सुखदुःखयो कर्तारं मन्यते (सबको सुख दुःख का कर्ता माना जाता है।)

(ख) अन्यैधृत किं-किं न धारयेत्? (दूसरों के द्वारा धारण की गयी, किन-किन वस्तु को धारण नहीं करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
अन्यैः धृतम् उपानहौ, वासः च, उपवीतम्, अलङ्कारं स्रजं च न एव धारयेत्। (दूसरों का धारण किया हुआ कपड़ा, जूता, जनेऊ, आभूषण, माला आदि ग्रहण नहीं करना चाहिए)

(ग) जठराग्नि विवर्धनाय किं करणीयम्? (जठराग्नि को बढ़ाने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
महुः-महुः-अभूरि वारि पिवेत्। (बार-बार थोड़ा-थोड़ा जल पीना चाहिए।

(घ) युक्तेन प्राणायामेव किं भवति? (उचित प्राणायाम से क्या होता है?)
उत्तर:
सर्वरोगक्षय। (सभी रोग दूर होते हैं)

(ङ) कार्य विशुद्धयर्थम् आदौ किं विधीयते? (कार्य की शुद्धता के पहले क्या करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
(कार्य विशुद्धयर्थम् आदौ स्नानादौ विधीयते।) (कार्य की शुद्धता के लिए सबसे पहले स्नान करना चाहिए।)

प्रश्न 3.
अधोलिखित प्रश्नानाम् उत्तराणि लिखत
(क) आदौ स्नानं किमर्थं विधीयते? (प्रारम्भ में स्नान क्यों करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
आदौ स्नानं कार्य विशुद्धयर्थम् विधीयते। (कार्य के प्रारम्भ में शुद्धता के लिए स्नान करना चाहिए।)

(ख) आचार्याणां मते अन्यत् कर्म किमर्थं न सम्मतम्? (शिक्षकों के मत के अनुसार अन्य कोई कार्य किस तरह सम्मत् नहीं है?)
उत्तर:
आचार्याणां मते सर्वे मलाः प्राणायमैः एव प्रशुष्यन्ति। (सभी विकार प्राणायाम से शुद्ध होते हैं।)

(ग) शरीर किमर्थम् अनुपालयेत्? (शरीर की किस तरह रक्षा करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
शरीरस्य प्रणष्टस्य सर्वमेव विनश्यति।।
सर्व परित्यज्य शरीरम् एव अनुपालयेत्।
(सभी का परित्याग कर शरीर की रक्षा करनी चाहिए।)

(घ) नरेण वह्नि विवर्धनाय किं करणीयम्? (व्यक्ति के द्वारा जठराग्नि को बढ़ाने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए?)
उत्तर:
मुहुर्महुर्वारि पिवेद। (बार-बार जल पीना चाहिए।)

प्रश्न 4.
रिक्त स्थानानि पूरयत :
(क) जायते तादृशी प्रजा।
(ख) गजवत् स्नानम् आचरेत्।
(ग) आत्मानमेव मन्येत कर्तारं सुखदुःखयोः।
(घ) शरीरस्य प्रणष्टष्य सर्वमेव विनश्यति।
(ङ) अत्यम्बुपानान्न विपष्यायते अन्नम्।

प्रश्न 5.
युग्ममेलनं कुरुत

उत्तर:
(क) 4
(ख) 1
(ग) 5
(घ) 3
(ङ) 2

प्रश्न 6.
शुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षम ‘आम्’ अशुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षं न इति लिखत-
यथा :
भावशुद्धि-स्नानं बिना युज्यते। – (न)
वह्नि विवर्धनाय मुहुर्मुह वारि पिवेत् – (आम)
(क) उपानहौ अन्यधृतं धारयेत्।
(ख) श्रेयस्करम् मार्ग प्रतिपद्येत।
(ग) अपरीक्ष्य अश्नीयात्।
(घ) अत्यम्बुपानात् अन्नं न विपच्यते।
(ङ) शरीरम् अनुपालयेत्।
उत्तर:
(क) (न)
(ख) (आम)
(ग) (न)
(घ) (आम)
(ङ) (आम)

प्रश्न 7.
श्लोकपूर्ति कुरुत :
(क) दीपो भक्षयते ध्वान्तं कज्जलं च प्रसूयते।
यदन्नं भक्षयेन्नित्यं जायते तादृशी प्रजा॥

(ख) शुकवदं भाषणं कुर्याद् बकवद ध्यानमाचरेत।
अजवच्चतत्व कुर्यात् गजवत् स्नानमाचारेत॥

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित शब्दागं सन्धिविच्छेदं कृत्वा सन्धेः नाम लिखत

प्रश्न 9.
उदाहरणानुसारं शब्दानां विभक्ति वचनं च लिखत

प्रश्न 10.
उदाहरणानुसारं क्रियापदानां धातु, लकार, पुरुष च लिखत

प्रश्न 11.
अव्यवैः वाक्य निर्मार्णं कुरुत-
यथा सः तत्र व गमिष्यति।
(क) बिना
(ख) च
(ग) एव
(घ) अपि
(ङ) अति
उत्तर:
(क) रामः बिना दशरथः न जीयेत।
(ख) दीपकः पंकजः च लिखतिः।
(ग) सः एव पठति।
(घ) अहं अपि गच्छामि।
(ङ) अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत।

शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम् पाठ-सन्दर्भ/प्रतिपाद्य

जीवन की सभी क्रियाओं के विधिवत् सम्पादन के लिए स्वस्थ शरीर की आवश्यकता होती है क्योंकि स्वस्थ शरीर में ही स्वस्थ मन बसता है। यहाँ स्वास्थ्य रक्षण से सम्बन्धित वैद्यकीय सुभाषित श्लोक संकलित किए गए हैं।

शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम् पाठ का हिन्दी अर्थ

1. नैर्मल्यं भावशुद्धिश्च विना स्नानं न युज्यते।
तस्मात् कार्यविशुद्धयर्थं स्नानमादौ विधीयते॥

शब्दार्थ :
नैर्मल्यं-निर्मलता, स्वच्छता-Fine.clean; कार्य विशुद्धयर्थं कार्य की शुद्धता-For purity of work; के लिए आदौ-सबसे पहले-first. .
हिन्दी अर्थ-बिना स्नान किए भाव की शुद्धि एवं निर्मलता ठीक प्रकार से नहीं होती अतः कार्य के अच्छी तरह पूर्ण होने के लिए सबसे पहले स्नान करना चाहिए।

2. शुकवद् भाषणं कुर्याद्, बकवद् ध्यानमाचरेत्।
अजवच्चर्वणं कुर्याद्, गजवत्स्नानमाचरेत्॥

शब्दार्थ :
भाषणम्-बोलना-Speech; चर्वणम्-चबाना-Chem कुर्यात्-करना चाहिए-Should do; आचरेत्-आचरण करना चाहिए-Should do good behave;

हिन्दी अर्थ :
तोते के समान मीठा बोलना चाहिए, बगुले के समान ध्यान लगाना चाहिए; बकरी के समान (भोजनादि का) चर्वण करना चाहिए एवं हाथी के समान स्नान करना चाहिए।

3. प्राणायामैरेव सर्वे प्रशुष्यन्ति मला इति।
आचार्याणां तु केषाञ्चिदन्यत्कर्म न सम्मतम्॥

शब्दार्थ :
प्रशुष्यन्ति-पूरी तरह सूख जाते हैं-full dries ; नष्ट हो जाते हैं-Wastes : मला-शरीर अथवा मन को मलिन करने वाले अप-तत्त्व-Wastage of Body; element; प्राणायामैरेव-प्राणायाम से-with yoga; आचार्याणां-शिक्षकों के मतों में-According to teachers; सम्मतम्-मतानुसार-According to.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
प्राणायाम करने से शरीर व मन को दूषित करने वाले अपतत्त्व नष्ट हो जाते हैं। आचार्यों के मतानुसार कोई दूसरा कार्य मन और शरीर की मलिनता को दूर करने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है।

4. प्राणायामेन युक्तेन सर्वरोगक्षयो भवेत्।
अयुक्ताभ्यासयोगेन सर्वरोगस्य सम्भवः॥

शब्दार्थ :
युक्तेन-उचित रीति से किए गए-with systemetic; अयुक्त-अनुचित fira À force 75-without systemetic.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
युक्ति युक्त विधि से प्राणायाम करने वाले व्यक्ति के सभी रोग नष्ट हो जाते हैं। अनुचित तरीके से प्राणायाम करने से अनेक रोगों की उत्पति संभव है।

5. अत्यम्बुपानान्न विपच्यतेऽन्न, निरम्बुपानाच्च स एव दोषः।
तस्मान्नरो वह्निविवर्धनाय, मुहुर्मुहुर्वारि पिवेद् भूरि॥

शब्दार्थ :
अम्बु-जल, पानी-Water; पानात-पीने से-by drinking; न विपच्यते-ठीक से पचता नहीं है-Undigest; बहिन विवर्धनाय Digetion; -जठराग्नि (भूख) को बढ़ाने के Farç-hungry to increase.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
अत्यधिक जल पीने से अन्न (भोजन) नहीं पचता। एकदम जल न पीने से भी वही दोष होता है। अतः जठराग्नि (पाचनशक्ति) को बढ़ाने के लिए थोड़ा-थोड़ा जल बार-बार पीना चाहिए।

6. न रागान्नाप्यविज्ञानात् आहाराकुपयोजयेत्।
परीक्ष्यहितमश्नीयात् देहो ह्याहारसम्भवः॥

शब्दार्थ :
रागात्-जीभ के लालच के वशीभूत होकर-influence of; tongue; अविज्ञानात्-बिना ठीक से जाने-without knowledge; हितम्-हित को-to kind; आहारसम्भवः-सम्भावित आहार-will food.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
पथ्य-अपथ्य का विचार किए बिना जीभ (स्वाद) के वशीभूत होकर , भोजन नहीं करना चाहिए। शरीर का हित देखते हुए ही भोजन करना चाहिए क्योंकि शरीर भोजन पर ही निर्भर होता है।

7. दीपोभक्षयते ध्वान्तं कज्जलं च प्रसूयते।
यदन्नं भद्रयेन्नित्यं जायते तादृशी प्रजा॥

शब्दार्थ :
कज्जलम्-काजल को- to blackness; तादृशी-वैसी ही-like that; भक्षयते-भक्षण करता है-to eat; नित्यम-हमेशा-Always.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
दीपक अंधकार को दूर करता है किन्तु काजल उत्पन्न करता है, (वैसे ही) भक्षण किए गए अन्न की ही प्रकृति के अनुसार संतानें होती हैं।

8. नास्ति क्षुधासमं दुःखं, नास्ति रोगः, क्षुधासमः।
नास्त्याहारसमं सौख्यं, नास्ति क्रोधसमो रिपुः॥

शब्दार्थ :
क्षुधासमम्-भूख के समान like hunger, like appetite; सौख्यम्-सुख-happy; रिपु-शत्रु-enemy.

हिन्दी अर्थ :
भूख के समान कोई दुःख नहीं है और न भूख के समान कोई रोग। भोजन के समान कोई मित्र नहीं है और क्रोध के समान कोई शत्रु नहीं है।.

9. उपानहौ च वासश्च धृतमन्त्यैर्नधारयेत्।
उपवीतमलङ्कारं स्रजं करकमेव च।।

शब्दार्थ :
उपानहौ-जूते-Shoes; वासश्च -और कपड़े-And Colthes,धृतमन्यै-दूसरी के द्वारा पहने हुए-Put on by another; करकम्-लोटा, कुल्हड़-Bowel; धारयेत्-धारण करना चाहिए-Pun on also.

हिन्दी अनुवाद :
दूसरे का धारण किया हुआ जूता, वस्त्र, जनेऊ, आभूषण, माला और मिट्टी का बना जल पीने का पात्र (कुल्हण) आदि नहीं प्रयोग में लाना चाहिए।

10. आत्मानमेव मन्येत कर्तारं सुखदुःखयोः।
तस्माच्छ्रेयस्करं मागं प्रतिपद्येत नो सेत्।।

शब्दार्थ :
श्रेयस्करम-हितकारी-Profitable; न त्रसेते-नहीं डरना चाहिए-Should not affraid of;सुखदुःखयो-सुख दुख को-to happy sad;मन्यते-मानना चाहिए-Should obey; तस्माद्-उससे-so that.

हिन्दी अनुवाद :
सुख-दुःख का कारक स्वयं को मानना चाहिए। कल्याणकारी मार्ग पर निडर होकर चलना चाहिए।

11. सर्वमेव परित्यज्य शरीरमनपालयेत.
शरीरस्य प्रणष्टस्य सर्वमेव विनश्यति।।

शब्दार्थ :
परित्यज्य-छोड़ कर-except; प्रणष्टस्य-नष्ट हुए का-distroy; अनुपालयत्-पालन करना चाहिए-Should obey.

हिन्दी अनुवाद :
सब कुछ का परित्याग कर शरीर की रक्षा करनी चाहिए क्योंकि यदि शरीर नष्ट हो गया तो सब कुछ नष्ट हो जाएगा।

MP Board Class 9th Sanskrit Solutions