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MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 The Solar System and Our Earth

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 5 Text Book Exercise

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 5 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Question (a)
How does the sun get energy?
Answer:
The sun is burning like a big atomic power plant. The studies of scientists have shown that the sun is a burning body of inflammable gases in which hydrogen, helium and other gases bum and react continuously, producing heat and life for millions of years.

Question (b)
What are the three realms of earth?
Answer:
The three realms of earth are lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.

Question (c)
Explain the importance of the sun?
Answer:
Sun is the head of the solar system. It is situated in the centre of the solar system. All the planets, the satellites the asteroids, the meteorites and the comets revolve round the sun. All these members get light and energy from the sun. About 99% part of all the matter in the Solar System is constitute in the sun. The sun is so big that all the planets together would cover only 1% of it.

The sun has tremendous force of gravity due to its such a large sizes. It is due to the gravitational force that all the planets and the satellites regularly rotate round it. The sun is a big ball of fire. It is also a storehouse of light and energy. Our earth gets light and energy from the sun. Day occurs on earth due to the light from the sun.

Question (d)
Write the names of the planets in the solar system?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the ‘Family of the Sun’ Solar System.

The Solar System consists of the Sun as the centre and Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto as planets. In addition, there are in all 44 satellites in our Solar System.

Question (e)
Write the difference between planets and stars?
Answer:
Difference between star and planet:

Planet:

1. A planet is a celestial body that revolves round the sun.
2. There are nine planets in our Solar System. They do not have their own heat or light.
3. Planets draw their light and energy from sun.
4. They are nine in number, including our earth.
5. The earth is an example of a planet.

Star:

1. A star is also a celestial body and is a part of galaxy.
2. There are numerous stars in a galaxy. Each star may have a family of planets.
3. A star has its own light and heat.
4. They are guite large (in billions) in number.
5. The sun is an example of a star.

Question (f)
Which is the life saving gas?
Answer:
Ozone is the life saving gas.

Question (g)
Name three important gases found on earth, which is the life giving gas among them?
Answer:
The three important gases found on earth are Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbondioxide. Oxygen is the life giving gas.

Question (h)
What is the difference between planets and statellites?
Answer:
Difference between Planet and Satellite.

Planet:

1. Roughly a planet has a spherical body.
2. It revolves round the sun in an elliptical path known as its orbit.
3. There are nine major planets.
4. The word ‘planet’ means wanderer.
5. The Earth is its good example.

Satellite:

1. A satellite has a relatively small body.
2. It revolves round its planet.
3. There are in all thirty – two satellites.
4. The word (satellite) means’companion’ or ‘attendant.’
5. The Moon is its good example. It is a satellite of the Eart

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Chapter 5 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 2.
Question (a)
What is Solar System? Make a labelled diagram of the Solar System?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the family of the Sun or the Solar System. In addition to the nine planets, there are 44 satellites in the Solar System.

Question (b)
How is the earth a unique and living planet? Explain.
Answer:
The earth is a small member of the Solar System. It is the fifth in size of the nine major planets and the third in distance. But it occupies a very unique position in the Solar System, for the following reasons:

1.  Around the Earth is a gaseous envelope known as the atmosphere. It saves us from the extreme heat of the Sun.

2. The Earth has land, water and air unlike the other planets which makes life possible. All this had made the Earth a sweet home for us.

Question (c)
What are natural and artificial satellites? Describe the natural satellite of the earth.
Answer:
1. The celestial bodies that rotate round a planet are called satellites or natural satellites. The satellites also get light and heat from the sun. Incept the Venus and the Mars, all planets have their own satellites.

2. There are other satellites than the natural satellite which are man made. They are called the artificial satellites. The Indian scientist have sent some artificial satellites into the space. The first such satellite was the Arybhatta.

3. The other artificial satellites are the Rohini, Bhaskar, Apple, etc. They provide us a information system giving weather forecast, telecast, radio broadcast, telecommunication, information to improve agriculture and in-formation regarding minerals, etc.

4. The Moon is the only natural satellite of our planet. The moon moves around the earth and also around the sun along with the earth.The moon has rugged and barren surface. There is no air or water on the moon. It is very, hot during the day and very cold during the night.

Question 3.
Give one term for the following sentences:

1. An infinite system of all matter, all galaxies, all energy and space.
2. The distance travelled by light in one year with a velocity of three lakh kilometres per second.
3. The milky band seen on a clear starlit night.
4. A band of innumerable tiny bodies between Mars and Jupiter in the solar system.

Answer:

1. The Universe
2. Light – year
3. Galaxy or Akash Ganga
4. Asteroids

Question 4.

Match the columns :

Answer:

Project Work

Question 1.
Draw a big diagram of the solar system. Label it?
Answer:
The Sun and the nine planets which revolve around it make up the family of the Sun or the Solar System. In addition to the nine planets, there are 44 satellites in the Solar System.

MP Board Class 6th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.5

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित गुणनफलों में से प्रत्येक को प्राप्त करने के लिए उचित सर्वसमिका का उपयोग कीजिए –

1. (x + 3) (x + 3)
2. (2y + 5) (2y + 5)
3. (2a – y) (2a – y)
4. (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\)) (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\))
5. (11m – 0.4) (1.1m + 0.4)
6. (a² + b²)(- a² + b²)
7. (6x – 7) (6x + 7)
8. (- a + c) (- a + c)
9. (\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{4}\)) (\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{4}\))
10. (7a – 9b) (7a – 9b)

हल:
1. (x + 3) (x + 3)
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² के उपयोग से,
(x + 3)² = x² + 2 x 3 × x + (3)²
= x² + 6x + 9

2. (2y + 5) (2y + 5) = (2y + 5)²
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (2y + 5) = (2y)² + 2 x (2y) x 5 + (5)²
= 4y² + 20y + 25

3. (2a – 7) (2a – 7) = (2a – 7)²
सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (2a – 7)² = (2a)² – 2 x 2a x (7) + (- 7)²
= 4a² – 28a + 49

4. (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\)) (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\)) = (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\))²
सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (3a – \(\frac{1}{2}\))² = (3a)² – 2 x (3a) x (\(\frac{1}{2}\)) + (- \(\frac{1}{2}\))²
= 9a² – 3a + \(\frac{1}{4}\)

5. (1.1m – 0.4) (1.1m + 0.4)
सर्वसमिका (a – b) (a + b) = a² – b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (1.1m – 0.4) (11m + 0.4) = (1.1m)² – (0.4)²
= 1.21m – 0.16

6. (a² + b²) (- a² + b²) = (b² + a²) (b² – a²)
सर्वसमिका (a + b) (a – b) = a² – b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (b² + a²) (b² – a²) = (b²)² – (a²)²
= b⁴ – a⁴

7. (6x – 7) (6x + 7)
सर्वसमिका (a – b)(a + b) = a² – b² का उपयोग करने पर
∴ (6x – 7) (6x + 7) = (6x)² – (7)²
= 36x² – 49

8. (- a + c) (- a + c) = (- a + c)²
सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² का उपयोग करने पर,
= (- a)² – 2(a)(c) + (c)²
= a² – 2ac + c²

9. (\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{4}\)) (\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{2}\)) = (\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{4}\))²
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² का उपयोग करने पर,
(\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3y}{4}\))² = (\(\frac{x}{2}\))² + \(\frac{x}{2}\) x \(\frac{3y}{4}\) + (\(\frac{3y}{4}\))²
= \(\frac { x^{ 2 } }{ 4 } \) + \(\frac{3xy}{4}\) + \(\frac { 9y^{ 2 } }{ 4 } \)

10. (7a – 9b) (7a – 9b) = (7a – 9b)²
सर्वसमिका (a – b) = a² – 2ab+ b² का उपयोग करने पर,
∴ (7a – 7b) = (7a)² – 2 x 7a x 9b + (9b)²
= 49a² – 126ab + 81b²

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित गुणनफलों को ज्ञात करने के लिए सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab का
उपयोग कीजिए –

1. (x + 3) (x + 7)
2. (4x + 5) (4x + 1)
3. (4x – 5) (4x – 1)
4. (4x + 5) (4x – 1)
5. (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)
6. (2a² + 9) (2a² + 5)
7. (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2).

हल:
1. (x + 3) (x + 7)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
a = 3 तथा b = 7 रखने पर,
(x + 3) (x + 7) = x² + (3 + 7)x + 3 x 7
= x² + 10x + 21

2. (4x + 5) (4x + 1)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab में
x = 4x, a = 5 तथा b = -1 रखने पर,
(4x + 5) (4x + 1) = (4x)² + (5 + 1) 4x + 5 x 1
= 16x² + 4x + 5

3. (4x – 5) (4x – 1)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab में
x= 4x, a = -5 तथा b = 1 रखने पर,
(4x – 5) (4x – 1) = (4x)² + (- 5 – 1)4x + (-5)(-1)
= 16x² – 24x + 5

4. (4x + 5) (4x – 1)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
x = 4x, a = 5 तथा b = – 1 रखने पर,
(4x + 5) (4x – 1) = (4x)² + (5 – 1)4x + (5)(-1)
= 16x² + 16x – 5

5. (2x + 5y) (2x +3y)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
x = 2x, a = 5y तथा b = 3y रखने पर,
(2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)= (2x)² + (5y + 3y) (2x) +5y x 3y
= 4x² + 16xy + 15y²

6. (2a² + a) (2a² + 5)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
x = 2a², a = 9 तथा b = 5 रखने पर,
(2a² + 9) (2a² + 5) = (2a²)² + (9 + 5) 2a² + 9 x 5
= 4a⁴ + 28a² + 45

7. (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
x = xyz, a =- 4 तथा b = – 2 रखने पर,
(xyz – 4) (xyz – 2) = (xyz) + (- 4 – 2)xyz + (- 4)(- 2)
= x²y²z² – 6xyz +8

प्रश्न 3.
सर्वसमिका का उपयोग करते हुए निम्नलिखित वर्गों को ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. (b – 7)²
2. (xy + 3z)²
3. (6x² – 5y
4. (\(\frac{2}{3}\)m + \(\frac{3}{2}\)n)²
5. (0.4p – 0.54)²
6. (2xy + 5y)²

हल:
1. (b – 7)² सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² से,
(b – 7)² = b² – 2 x b x 7 + (7)²
= b² – 14b + 49

2. (xy + 3z)
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² से,
(xy + 3z)² = (xy) + 2 × xy x 3z + (3z)²
= xy² + 6xyz + 9z²

3. (6x² – 5y)²
सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² से,
(6x² – 5y)² = (6x²)² – 2 x 6x² × 5y + (5y)²
= 36x⁴ – 60xy + 25y²

4. (\(\frac{2}{m}\)m – \(\frac{3}{2}\)n)²
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² से,
(\(\frac{2}{3}\)m + \(\frac{3}{2}\)n)² = (\(\frac{2}{3}\)m)² + 2 x \(\frac{2}{3}\)m x \(\frac{3}{2}\)n + (\(\frac{3}{2}\)n)²
= \(\frac{4}{9}\)m² + 2mn + \(\frac{9}{4}\)n

5. (0.4p – 0.5q)²
सर्वसमिका (a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b² से
(0.4p – 0.5q) = (0.4p)² – 2 x 0.4p x 0.5q + (0.5q)²
= 0.16p² – 0.4pq + 0.25q²

6. (2xy + 5y)²
सर्वसमिका (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² से,
(2xy + 5y)² = (2xy)² + 2 x 2xy x 5y + (5y)²
= 4x²y² + 20xy² + 25y²

प्रश्न 4.
सरल कीजिए –

1. (a² – b²)²
2. (2x + 5)² – (2x – 5)²
3. (7m – 8n)² + (7m + 8n)²
4. (4m +5n)² + (5m +4n)²
5. (2.5p – 1.5q)² – (1.5p – 2.5q)²
6. (ab + bc) – 2ab²c
7. (m² – n² – m)² + 2m³n²

हल:
1. (a² – b²)² = (a²)² – 2 x a² x b² + (b²)²
= a⁴ – 2a²b² + b⁴

2. (2x + 5)² – (2x – 5)²
= (4x² + 20x + 25) – (4x² – 20x + 25)
= 4x² + 20x + 25 – 4x² + 20x – 25
= 40x

3. (7m – 8n)² + (7m + 8n)²
= (49m² – 112mn + 64n²) + (49m² + 112mn + 64n²)
= 49m² – 112mn + 64n² + 49m² + 112mn + 64n²
= 98m² + 128n²

4. (4m + 5n)² + (5m + 4n)²
= (16m² + 40mn + 25n²) + (25m² + 40mn + 16m²)
= 16m² + 40mn + 25n² + 25m² + 40mn + 16n²
= 41m² + 80mn + 41n²

5. (2.5p – 1.5q)² – (1.5p – 2.5q)²
= (6.25p² – 7.5pq + 2.25q²) – (2.25p² – 7.5pq + 6.25q²)
= 6.25p² – 7.5pq + 2.25q² – 2.25p² + 7.5pq – 6.25q²
= 6.25p² – 2.25p² + 2.25q² – 6.25q²
= 4p² – 4q²

6. (ab + bc)² – 2ab²c
= ab² + 2 x ab x bc + b²c² – 2ab²c
= ab² + 2ab²c + b²c² – 2ab²c
= a²b² + b²c²

7. (m² – n²m²) + 2m³n²
= (m²)² – 2 x m² x n²m + (n²m)² + 2m³n²
= m⁴ – 2m³n² + n⁴m² + 2m³n²
= m⁴ + n⁴m²

प्रश्न 5.
दर्शाइए कि –

1. (3x + 7)² – 84x = (3x – 7)²
2. (9p – 5q)² + 180pq = (9p + 54)²
3. (\(\frac{4}{3}\)m – \(\frac{3}{4}\)n)² + 2mn = \(\frac{16}{9}\) m² + \(\frac{9}{16}\)n²
4. (4pq +3q)² – (4pq – 3q)² = 48pq²
5. (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a) = 0.

हल:
1. (3x + 7)² – 84x = (3x – 7)²
L.H.S. = (3x + 7)² – 84x
= (9x² + 42x + 49) – 84x
= 9x² – 42x + 49
= (3x)² – 2 x (3x) (7) + (7)²
= (3x – 7)² = R.H.S.

2. (9p – 5q)² + 180pq = (9p + 5q)²
L.H.S. = (9p – 5q)² + 180pq
= 81p² – 90pq + 25q² + 180pq
= 81p² + 90pq + 25q²
= (9p)² + 2(9p)(5q) + (5q)²
= (9p + 5q) = R.H.S.

3. (\(\frac{4}{3}\)m – \(\frac{3}{4}\)1)² + 2mn = \(\frac{16}{9}\) m² + \(\frac{9}{16}\)n²
L.H.S. = (\(\frac{4}{3}\)m – \(\frac{3}{4}\))² + 2mn
= \(\frac{16}{9}\) m² – 2mn + \(\frac{9}{16}\)n² + 2mm
= \(\frac{16}{9}\)m² + \(\frac{9}{16}\)n²
= R.H.S.

4. (4pq + 3q)² – (4pq – 3q)² = 48pq²
L.H.S. = (4pq + 3q)² – (4pq – 3q)²
= (16p²q² + 24pq² + 9q²) – (16p²q² – 24pq² + 9q²)
= 16p²q² + 24pq² + 9q² – 16p²q² + 24pq² – 9q²
= 48pq² = R.H.S.

5. (a – b)(a + b) + (b – c)(b + c) + (c – a)(c + a) = 0
L.H.S. = (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a)
= a² – b² + b² – c² + c² – a²
= 0 = R.H.S.

प्रश्न 6.
सर्वसमिकाओं के उपयोग से निम्नलिखित मान ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. 71²
2. 99²
3. 102²
4. 998²
5. 5.2²
6. 297 x 303
7. 78 x 82
8. 8.9²
9. 1.05 x 9.5

हल:
1. 71² = (70 + 1)²
= (70)² + 2 x 70 x 1 + (1)²
= 4900 + 140 + 1
= 5041

2. 99² = (100 – 1)²
= (100)² – 2 x 100 x 1 + (1)²
= 10000 – 200 + 1
= 9801

3. (102)² = (100 + 2)²
= (100)² + 2 x 100 x 2 + (2)²
= 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404

4. (998)² = (1000 – 2)²
= (1000)² – 2 x 1000 x 2 + (2)²
= 1000000 – 4000 + 4
= 996004

5. (5.2)² = (5 + 0.2)²
= (5)² + 2 x 5 x 0.2 + (0.2)²
= 25 + 2 + 0.04
= 27.04

6. 297 x 303 = (300 – 3) (300 + 3)
= (300)² – (3)²
[∴ (a – b) (a + b) = a² – b²]
= 90000 – 9
= 89991

7. 78 x 82 = (80 – 2) (80 + 2)
= (80)² – (2)²
= 6400 – 4
= 6396

8. (8.9)² = (9 – 0.1)²
= (9)² – 2 x 9 x 0.1 + (0.1)²
=81 – 1.8 + 0.01
= 81.01 – 1.8
= 79.21

9. 1.05 x 9.5 = (1 + 0.05) 9.5
= 1 x 9.5 + 0.05 x 9.5
= 9.5 + 0.475
= 9.975

प्रश्न 7.
a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b) का उपयोग करते हुए निम्नलिखित का मान ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. 51² – 49²
2. (1.02)² – (0.98)²
3. 153² – 147²
4. 12.1² – 7.9²

हल:
1. 51² – 49²
a² – b² = (a + b) (a-b) का उपयोग करने पर,
51² – 4a² = (51 + 49) (51 – 49)
= 100 x 2 = 200

2. (1.02)² – (0.98)²
a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b) का उपयोग करने पर
(1.02)² – (0.98)² = (1.02 + 0.98) (1.02 – 0.98)
= 2.00 x 0.04 = 0.08

3. 153² – 147²
a² – b² = (a + b)(a – b) का उपयोग करने पर
153² – 147² = (153 + 147) (153 – 147)
= 300 x 6 = 1800

4. 12.1² – 7.9²
a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b) का उपयोग करने पर,
12.1² – 7.9² = (12.1 + 7.9) (12.1 – 7.9)
= 20 x 4.2 = 84

प्रश्न 8.
(x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab का उपयोग करते हुए निम्नलिखित मान ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. 103 x 104
2. 5.1 x 5.2
3. 103 x 98
4. 9.7 x 9.8.

हल:
1. 103 x 104 = (100 + 3) (100 + 4)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में
x = 100, a = 3 तथा b = 4 रखने पर,
(100 + 3) (100 + 4) = (100)² + (3 + 4) 100 + 3 x 4
= 10000 + 700 + 24 = 10724

2. 5.1 x 5.2 = (5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab में,
x = 5, a = 0.1 तथा b = 0.2 रखने पर,
(5 + 0.1) (5.02) = (5)² + (0.1 + 0.2) 5 + 0.1 x 0.2
= 25 + 1.5 + 0.02 = 26.52

3. 103 x 98 = (100 + 3) (100 – 2)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab में
x = 100, a = 3 तथा b = – 2 रखने पर,
(100 + 3) (100 – 2)= (100)² + (3 – 2) 100 – 3 x (-2)
= 10000 + 100 – 6 = 10094

4. 9.7 x 9.8 = (9 + 0.7) (9 + 0.8)
सर्वसमिका (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b) x + ab में
x = 9, a = 0.7 तथा b = 0.8 रखने पर,
(9 + 0.7) (9 + 0.8) = (9)² + (0.7+ 0.8)9 + 0.7 x 0.8
= 81 + 13.5 + 0.56 = 95.06

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 32 The Continent of Africa: Physical Features

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Text Book Questions

Fill in the blanks:

1. There are about …………… countries in Africa.
2. …………….. Canal separates Africa from die Asian continent.
3. ……………… Straits separates Africa from Europe.
4. Africa is the …………… largest continent of die world.

Answer:

1. 53
2. Suez
3. Gibraltar
4. second

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the names of any three rivers of Africa.
Answer:
The Nile, the Congo and the Niger.

Question 2.
Write the name of the major desert of Africa.
Answer:
The Sahara desert.

Question 3.
Which type of climate is found in the equatorial region of Africa?
Answer:
Very hot climate is found in the equatorial region of Africa.

Question 4.
What do you understand by Savannas and Veld?
Answer:
Savanna:
The region of Africa is covered with tall and coarse grasses. They are known as Savanna. Veld – Temperate grasslands are found in South Africa. It is known as Veld.

Question 5.
Name the Continents and Oceans surroundings Africa.
Answer:
The continents surrounding Africa:

• Europe in the north
• Asia in the northeast

The Oceans surrounding Africa:

• The Indian Ocean in the east
• The Atlantic Ocean in the west

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 32 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the physical features of Africa.
Answer:
The continent of Africa consists of several plateaus which are relatively higher in the southeastern part. This continent is made up of the oldest hard rocks. Narrow plains are found in the coastal parts. A few volcanic mountain peaks rise above the plateau in the eastern part near the equator. The high est-peak Kilimanjaro is located in this highland region. It remains snow covered throughout the year. To its northwest lies the Atlas mountain range.

The Drakensberg range lies to the southeast of Africa. The Hogar Mountain and the Tibesti plateau lie in the Sahara desert. To the west of the continent lies the Adavama plateau which exists between the Congo and the Niger rivers. Its highest peak is Cameroon. Abyssinia plateau is situated in the northeast of the continent.

The major physical feature of the continent of Africa is its rift valleys and waterfalls. The main lakes of the rift valleys are Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa and Albert Among the major deserts of Africa are the Sahara desert and the Kalahari desert The major rivers are the Nile, the Congo, the Niger, the Zambezi and the Senegal.

Question 2.
Describe the climate and vegetation of Africa.
Answer:
Climate:
Africa is avast continent from north:
south extending between 37° 14’ N to 34°50’ S latitude. The major part lies within the tropical zone. In fact it is the most tropical of all the continents. There are marked variations in the distribution of rainfall. For example, near the equator, rain falls all the year round, but in die Sahara desert it does not fall at all. Near the Equator there is only one season,’ the hot wet summer but in the northern and the southern parts of Africa climate varies.

There are regions in the South Africa where rain occurs in the winter. There are regions where rain occurs only in summers. Vegetation of Africa – The rainfall is uneven in Africa. The belt lying along the equator on both has hot and wet climate. It rains almost daily and there is only one season – the hot wet summer season. Due to abundance of heat and moisture most of die region is covered with thick forest which is known as the tropical rain forest.

Question 3.
Describe the Savanna grasslands and the wild life of Africa.
Answer:
The Savanna grasslands Savanna is die tropical grass land in Africa having tall and coarse grasses. These are also known as the ‘elephant grass’.

The wild life:
Africa is a center of variety of birds and animals monkey, boons, snakes, chameleon, lizards and butterflies are the animals which live on trees. The animals living on land are elephant, rhinoceros, zebra, bison, wild boar etc. Ostriches are found in the Kalahari desert Crocodiles, hippopotamus, alligators are some of the important water animals. One can also find a variety of fishes there.

Map work:
Mark the following in the map of Africa.

1. Mt Kilimanjaro
2. Drakensberg
3. Sahara desert
4. Congo and Niger river
5. Lake Rudolf
6. The rift valley
7. Victoria waterfall
8. Kalahari desert
9. Savanna grasslands
10. Veld

Answer:

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit परिशिष्टम्

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit पुस्तक में दिये गये पद्यांशों का हिन्दी अनुवाद

1. संस्कृतस्य सेवनम् (संस्कृत की सेवा हो)

संस्कृतस्य सेवन………… संस्कृतं विराजताम्॥

भावार्थ :
संस्कृत की सेवा हो अर्थात् संस्कृत भाषा का व्यवहार हो एवं संस्कृत के लिए मानव जीवन हो तथा संसार के कल्याण की वृद्धि के लिए मानव शरीर समर्पित हो।-
(क) अपने कार्य की गरिमा का स्मरण करते हुए तथा विघ्न रूपी सागर को पार करते हुए अपने लक्ष्य की सफलता को दृष्टिगत (समक्ष) रखते हुए मैं स्वयं परिश्रम करता हूँ। जिससे प्रत्येक व्यक्ति तथा प्रत्येक घर में संस्कृत पहुँच सके तथा इसकी निरन्तर गतिशीलता हो सके तब लगाकर संस्कृत के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिए कदम बढ़ता रहे।

(ख) मैं सम्पत्ति की कामना नहीं करता हूँ और न भोगैश्वर्य साधन जन्य सुख की भी कामना करता हूँ अपितु संस्कृत की उन्नति के अतिरिक्त मैं किसी अन्य विषय को उसके समान आदर नहीं देता हूँ। अस्तु संस्कृत को अपने गौरवपूर्ण स्थान तक पहुँचाने के लिए अपने जीवन को दाँव पर लगातार प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को कमर कसनी होगी।

(ग) मेरे द्वारा यह जो वाणी कही गयी है, वह निश्चय ही कथित वाणी सुदृढ़तया अटल सत्य हो और साथ ही कहे जाते हुए भाव को प्राप्त कर पुनः-पुनः चिरकाल तक यही वाणी विराजमान हो। यह संस्कृत भाषा भारतभूमि का आभूषण है तथा सभी वाणियों का विशेषतः आभूषण है और साथ ही भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रचार-प्रसार करने वाली होने से संस्कृत सर्वथा विराजमान होती रहे।

2. चिरवीना संस्कृता एषा (जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है।)

चिरनवीना संस्कृता ……….”अनुपमा सरसा॥चिरनवीना॥

भावार्थ :
जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है। यह देवताओं की भाषा है। जो कभी पुरानी न हो ऐसी यह संस्कृत भाषा है।

बहुत बड़ा जनसमुदाय इसमें श्वांस लेता है अर्थात् इसे बोलता है। इसमें अति प्राचीन वेद और साहित्य है अर्थात् हमारे बहुत प्राचीन वेद और साहित्य इसी संस्कृत भाषा में लिखे हुए हैं।

शास्त्रों से भरी, स्मृतियों के विचारों से युक्त और सर्वश्रेष्ठ कवियों के काव्यों के सार से रंग-बिरंगी सुन्दर पेटी वाली सुन्दर संस्कृत भाषा है।

वाल्मीकि और वेदव्यास मुनियों के द्वारा रचित रामायण और महाभारत महाकाव्य इसी भाषा में है।

कायरता के दोष से युद्ध से रुके हुए पार्थ (अर्जुन) को उसके युद्ध रूपी कार्य में लगाने वाली श्रीमद्भगवद् गीता को भगवान श्रीकृष्ण के द्वारा कही गयी है, इसी संस्कृत भाषा में है।

यह संस्कृत भाषा भारत में बोली जाने वाली मातृभाषाओं की भी मातृभाषा है। यह भारतीयों की राष्ट्रभाषा होने के योग्य है जिससे भाषा का विरोध समाप्त हो जायेगा। यह बात हमेशा पूरे जोर-शोर से हम कहते हैं। यह भारतीयों की भाषा है, और अत्यन्त मधुर है।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 9 बीजीय व्यंजक एवं सर्वसमिकाएँ Ex 9.3

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित युग्मों में प्रत्येक के व्यंजकों का गुणन कीजिए –

1. 4p, q+ r
2. ab, a – b
3. a + b, 7a² – b²
4. a² – 9, 4a
5. pq + qr + rp, 0

हल:
1. 4p x (q + r) = 4p x q + 4p x r
= 4pq + 4pr

2. ab x (a – b) = ab x a – ab x b
= a²b – ab²

3. (a + b) x 7a²b² = a x 7a²b² + b x 7a²b²
= 7a²b² + 7a²b³

4. (a² – 9) x 4a = a² x 4a – 9 x 4a
= 4a³ – 36a

5. (pq + qr + rp) x 0 = 0

प्रश्न 2.
सारणी पूरी कीजिए –
हल:

प्रश्न 3.
गुणनफल ज्ञात कीजिए –

1. (a²) x (2a²²) x (4a²⁶)
2. (\(\frac{2}{3}\)xy) x (\(\frac{-9}{10}\)x²y²)
3. (\(\frac{-10}{3}\)pq³) – (\(\frac{6}{5}\)p³q)
4. x × x² × x³ × x⁴.

हल:
1. (a²) – (2a²²) x (4a²⁶)
= (1 x 2 x 4) x (a² x a²² x a²⁶)
= 8a^2+22+26 = 8a⁵⁰

2.

3.

4. x × x² × x³ × x⁴  = x^1+2+3+4 = x¹⁰

प्रश्न 4.
(a) 3 x (4x – 5) + 3 को सरल कीजिए और

1. x = 3 एवं
2. x = 1 के लिए इसका मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

(b) a (a + a + 1) + 5 को सरल कीजिए और

1. a = 0
2. a = 1 एवं
3. a = – 1 के लिए इसका मान ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
(a) 3 x (4x – 5) + 3
= 3x × 4x – 3x × 5 + 3
= 12x² – 15x + 3

1. जब x = 3 हो, तब
3x (4x – 5) + 3 = 3 x 3 (4 x 3 – 5) + 3
= 9 (12 – 5) + 3
= 9 x 7 + 3 = 63 + 3 = 66

2. जब x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) हो, तब
3x (4x – 5) + 3 = 3 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) (4 x \(\frac{1}{2}\) – 5) + 3
= \(\frac{3}{2}\) (2 – 5) + 3
= \(\frac{3}{2}\) x (-3) + 3 = – \(\frac{1}{2}\) + 3
= \(\frac{-9+6}{2}\) = \(\frac{-3}{2}\)

(b) a(a² + a + 1) + 5 = a³ + a² + a + 5

1. जब a = 0 हो, तब
a(a² + a + 1) + 5 = 0 (0 + 0 + 1) +5
= 0 (1) + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5

2. जब a = 1 हो, तब
a (a² + a + 1) + 5 = 1 (1² + 1 + 1) + 5
= 1 (3) + 5 = 3 + 5 = 8

3. जब a = – 1 हो, तब
a (a² + a + 1) + 5 = (-1) (1 – 1 + 1) + 5
= (-1) x 1 + 5
= – 1 + 5 = 4

प्रश्न 5.

(a) p (p – q), q(q – r) एवं r (r – p) को जोडिए।
(b) 2x (z – x – y) एवं 2y (z – y – x) को जोड़िए।
(c) 4l (10n – 3m + 21) में से 3l (l – 4l + 5n) को – घटाइए।
(d) 4c (- a + b + c) में से 3a (a + b + c) – 2b (a – b + c) को घटाइए।

हल:
(a) p (p – q) + q (q – r) + r (r – p)
= p x p – p x q + q x q – q x r + r x r – r x p
= p² – pq + q² – qr + r² – rp
= p² + q² + r² – pq – qr – rp

(b) 2x (z – x – y) + 2y (z – y – x)
= 2xz – 2x² – 2xy + 2yz – 2y² – 2xy
= 2x² – 2y² – 4xy + 2yz + 2zx

(c) 4l (10n – 3m + 2l) – 3l (1 – 4m + 5n)
= 40ln – 12lm +8l² – 3l² + 12lm – 15ln
= 8l² – 3l² – 12lm + 12lm + 40ln – 15In
= 5l² + 25ln

(d) 4c(- a + b + c) – [3a (a + b + c) 2b(a – b + c)]
= 4c(- a + b + c) – 3a (a + b + c) + 2b(a – b + c)
= – 4ca + 4bc + 4c² – 3a² – 3ab – 3ac + 2ab – 2b² +2bc
= – 3a² – 2b² + 4c² – 3ab + 2ab + 4bc + 2bc – 4ca – 3ac
= – 3a² – 2b2 + 4c² – ab + 6bc – 7ca

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Sea Movements

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives from the following

Question 1.
Waves occur due to:
(a) Rotation of die earth
(b) Tides
(c) Wind
(d) Difference in temperature
Answer:
(c) Wind

Question 2.
Neap tide occurs on:
(a) 8th day
(b) Ml moon day
(c) new moon day
(d) 4th day
Answer:
(a) 8th day

Fill in the blanks

1. When the hot and cold currents meet …………… occurs on the coast.
2. ………….. waves are very destructive.
3. In the Northern Hemisphere the currents turn towards their ……………….

Answer:

1. dense fog
2. Tsunami
3. right

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the types of movements of the seas.
Answer:
There are three types of movements of foe seas. They are:

• Waves
• Currents
• Tides

Question 2.
What are waves?
Answer:
The water on the surface of foe sea moves up and down due to foe effects of wind. This is known as waves. There are two parts of waves. The one that rises up is called crest and foe lower part is called trench.

Question 3.
What are currents?
Answer:
Big streams of water flowing regularly, constantly and in a definite direction on foe surface or sub-surface of foe ocean are called currents. They are the most powerful of all the sea movements.

Question 4.
What are tides?
Answer:
The sea water rises and falls twice in 24 hours. The water enters foe shores for a few hours and then recedes gradually. This is due to the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. The rising of water is called high tide and die falling of water is called low tide.

Question 5.
Write any three advantages of tides.
Answer:

1. The tides help in fishing.
2. They increase the depth of the shallow harbors. This helps in bringing ships into the harbors.
3. They increase die depth of estuaries.
4. They keep rivers deep enough so to help ships placed in the rivers.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 21 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the difference between waves and currents.
Answer:
The difference between waves and currents:

Question 2.
Explain spring tide and neap tide with illustrations.
Answer:
Spring Tide and Neap Tide. On a full moon and new moon the sun, the moon and the earth, all three lie in a straight line. Due to the combined gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, the tides on these days are higher. Such type of tide is known as spring tide. There are two spring tides in a month. One is a on full moon and die other is on new moon.

But when die gravitational pull of the sun and moon act at right angles opposite to die earth’s center, their force of attractions acts opposite to each other. In this case water rises little. This tide is Neap tide. It happens twice a month i.e. when the moon is in its first and third quarters or on the eight day after full moon and the eight day after the night of new moon.
Illustrations:

Question 3.
Explain the causes of ocean currents and its effects on human beings.
Answer:
Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly in a definite direction at or near the surface of the ocean.
Ocean currents are caused by prevailing or planetary winds. They are also caused by die variation of temperature. The variation of saline water in the sea water causes ocean currents.

The ocean currents influence the climate of the regions such as coastal areas or islands. The warm currents raise the temperature whereas the cold currents reduce the temperature. Due to warm currents the harbors at higher latitudes remain, open through out the jar i. e. The harbors of Norway and Japan. The warm winds blowing over warm currents absorbs a lot of moisture and the nearby areas receive lots of rainfall.

Map work
On an outline map of the world, depict the major ocean currents.
Answer:
Ocean Currents

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi Chapter 21 नर्मदा

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Chapter 21 अभ्यासः

प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत(एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो-)
(क) अस्माकम् प्रदेशस्य जीवनदायिनी का? (हमारे प्रदेश की जीवनदायिनी कौन है?)
उत्तर:
नर्मदा। (नर्मदा)

(ख) नर्मदा कस्मात् स्थानात् प्रादुर्भवति? (नर्मदा किस स्थान से निकलती है?)
उत्तर:
अमरकण्टकपर्वतात्। (अमरकण्टक पर्वत से)

(ग) कस्याः नाम रेवा? (किसका नाम रेवा है?)
उत्तर:
नर्मदायाः। (नर्मदा का)।

(घ) अमरकण्टकस्थानं कस्मिन् मण्डले अस्ति? (अमरकण्टक स्थान किस मण्डल में है?)
उत्तर:
अनूपपुर मण्डले। (अनूपपुर मण्डल में)

(ङ) नर्मदा कस्मिन् सागरे मिलति? (नर्मदा किस सागर में मिलती है?)
उत्तर:
अरबसागरे। (अरब सागर में)

(च) मण्डनमिश्रः कस्मिन् नगरे वसति स्म? (मण्डनमिश्र किस नगर में रहते थे?)
उत्तर:
मण्डलेश्वरनगरे। (मण्डलेश्वर नगर में)

प्रश्न 2.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत(एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो-)
(क) धूमधारजलप्रपातः कुत्र अस्ति? (धूआँधार झरना कहाँ है?)
उत्तर:
धूमधारजलप्रपात: भेड़ाघाटनामके स्थाने अस्ति। (धूआँधार झरना भेड़ाघाट नामक स्थान पर है।)

(ख) सेठानीघाटस्थानं कस्मिन् नगरे अस्ति? (सेठानीघाट स्थान किस नगर में है?)
उत्तर:
सेठानीघाटस्थानं होशंगाबादनगरे अस्ति। (सेठानीघाट स्थान होशंगाबाद नगर में है।)

(ग) ओङ्कारेश्वरनगरे किं नाम ज्योतिर्लिङ्गम्? (ओङ्कारेश्वर नगर में किस नाम का ज्योतिर्लिंग है?)
उत्तर:
ओङ्कारेश्वरनगरे ममलेश्वरनामज्योतिर्लिंङ्गम्। (ओंकारेश्वर नगर में ममलेश्वर नाम का ज्योतिर्लिंग है।)

(घ) सरदारसरोवरबन्धः कस्यां नद्याम् अस्ति? (सरदार सरोवर बाँध किस नदी पर है?)
उत्तर:
सरदारसरोवरबन्धः नर्मदानद्याम् अस्ति। (सरदार सरोवर बाँध नर्मदा नदी पर है।)

(ङ) बन्धैः के लाभाः? (बाँधों से क्या लाभ हैं?)
उत्तर:
बन्धैः विधुदुत्पादनम्, भूमिसेचनम्, जलपरिवहनम्, अभयारण्यनिर्माणम्, पर्यटनस्थलनिर्माणम् इत्यादयो विविधलाभाः। (बाँधों से बिजली उत्पादन, भूमि का सींचना, जल परिवहन, अभयारण्य निर्माण, पर्यटन स्थल का निर्माण इत्यादि विभिन्न लाभ हैं।)

प्रश्न 3.
उचितशब्देन रिक्तस्थानम् पूरयत(उचित शब्द से रिक्त स्थान भरो-)
(क) नर्मदायाः अपरं नाम ……….. अस्ति। (भागीरथी/मेकलसुता)
(ख) नर्मदानदी ……………. जीवनदायिनी कथ्यते। (उत्तरप्रदेशस्य/मध्यप्रदेशस्य)
(ग) ममलेश्वरज्योतिर्लिङ्गम् …………… अस्ति। (उज्जयिन्याम्/ओङ्कारेश्वरनगरे)
(घ) आद्यशङ्कराचार्यस्य गुरोः नाम ………… अस्ति। (महर्षि वाल्मीकि/गोविन्दपादाचार्यः)
(ङ) बरगीबन्धः ……………. अस्ति। (नर्मदायाम्/गोदावर्याम्)
उत्तर:
(क) मेकलसुता
(ख) मध्यप्रदेशस्य
(ग) ओङ्कारेश्वरनगरे
(घ) गोविन्दपादाचार्यः
(ङ) नर्मदायाम्।

प्रश्न 4.
उचितं योजयत(उचित को मिलाओ-)

उत्तर:
(क) → (iii)
(ख) → (v)
(ग) → (ii)
(घ) → (i)
(ङ) → (iv)

प्रश्न 5.
शुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षम् “आम्” अशुद्धवाक्यानां समक्षं “न” इति लिखत्।
(शुद्धवाक्यों के सामने “आम्” (हाँ) और अशुद्ध वाक्यों के सामने “न” (नहीं) लिखो-)
(क) नर्मदा अमरकंटाकात् प्रादुर्भवति।
(ख) रेवा नर्मदायाः अपरं नाम अस्ति।
(ग) नर्मदायाम् सरदारसरोवरबन्धः अस्ति।
(घ) मेघदूते नर्मदायाः वर्णनं नास्ति।
(ङ) पुराणेषु नर्मदायाः वर्णनम् अस्ति।
उत्तर:
(क) आम्
(ख) आम्
(ग) आम्
(घ) न
(ङ) आम्

प्रश्न 6.
नामोल्लेखपूर्वकं सन्धिविच्छेदं कुरुत(नाम का उल्लेख करते हुए सन्धि-विच्छेद करो-)
(क) गहनारण्येषु
(ख) अत्रैव
(ग) अवलोकनार्थम्
(घ) इत्यादयः।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
नामोल्लेखपूर्वकं समासविग्रहं कुरुत(नाम का उल्लेख करते हुए समास विग्रह करो-)
(क) अभयारण्य निर्माणम्
(ख) देवालयाः
(ग) घण्टानादाः
(घ) भूमिसेचनम्।
उत्तर:

नर्मदा हिन्दी अनुवाद

पावनसलिलानर्मदा अस्माकम् प्रदेशस्य जीवनदायिनी सरिता अस्ति। एषा एव रेवा-मेकलसुतादिभिः अनेकानामभिः प्रसिद्धा। अस्याः उभयोः तटयोः अनेकानि तीर्थस्थानानि, तपस्विनाम् आश्रमाश्च सन्ति। प्राचीनकालादेव अस्याः पावनतटयोः तपस्विनां सिद्धस्थलानि सन्ति। अतः जनाः नर्मदायाः परिक्रमणं कृत्वा आत्मानं धन्यम् पवित्रं च मन्यते अत्रत्यं नैसर्गिक सौन्दर्यमपि दर्शनीयम्।।

अनुवाद :
पवित्र जल वाली नर्मदा हमारे प्रदेश की जीवनदायिनी (जीवन प्रदान करने वाली) नदी है। यही रेवा, मेकलसुता आदि अनेक नामों से प्रसिद्ध है। इसके दोनों किनारों पर अनेक तीर्थस्थान और तपस्वियों के आश्रम हैं। प्राचीनकाल से ही इसके पवित्र किनारों पर तपस्वियों के सिद्ध स्थल हैं। इसलिए लोग नर्मदा की परिक्रमा करके अपने को धन्य और पवित्र मानते हैं। यहाँ का प्राकृतिक सौन्दर्य भी देखने योग्य है।

अनूपपुरमण्डले अमरकण्टवं नाम पर्वतोऽस्ति। तत एव नर्मदा प्रादुर्भवति। तदनन्तरम् एषा गहनारण्येषु उत्तुङ्गपर्वतेषु च भ्रमणं कुर्वती डिण्डोरीमण्डलम् प्रविशति। डिण्डोरीतः सपाकारगत्या उच्चावचमार्गेण महाराजपुरम् प्राप्नोति। ततः जाबालिपुरम् आगच्छति। श्वेतशिलाखण्डानां कृतेऽतिप्रसिद्धे भेड़ाघाटनामके स्थाने धूमधारजलप्रपातस्वरूपं धारयति। तद् अवलोकनार्थं बहवः पर्यटकाः अत्र आगच्छन्ति।

अनुवाद :
अनूपपुर मण्डल में अमरकण्टक नामक पर्वत है। वहाँ से ही नर्मदा निकलती है। उसके बाद यह घने वनों और ऊँचे पर्वतों पर भ्रमण करती हुई डिण्डोरी मण्डल में प्रवेश करती है। डिण्डोरी से सर्पाकार गति से ऊँचे-नीचे मार्ग से महाराजपुर (मण्डल) पहुँचती है। वहाँ से जबलपुर आती है। संगमरमर की चट्टानों के लिए अति प्रसिद्ध भेड़ाघाट नाम के स्थान पर धूआँधार झरने का रूप धरती है। उसे देखने के लिए बहुत से पर्यटक यहाँ आते हैं।

जाबालिपुरतः ब्रह्माण्डघट्टम् आयाति ततः अनेकक्षेत्राणि पावयन्ती इयं होशङ्गाबादनगरम् प्रविशति। अत्रत्यं सेठानीघाट’। इति स्थानम् प्रसिद्धम्। अस्मिन नगरे अस्याः तटे अनेके देवालयाः आश्रमाश्च सन्ति। अत्र भक्तैः कृताः प्रार्थनाः घण्टानादाश्च अहर्निशं श्रूयन्ते।।

अनुवाद :
जबलपुर से ब्रह्माण्डघाट (बरमान घाट) आती है वहाँ से अनेक क्षेत्रों को पवित्र करती हुई यह होशंगाबाद नगर में। प्रवेश करती है। यहाँ का ‘सेठानीघाट’ स्थान प्रसिद्ध है। इस नगर। में इसके किनारे अनेक मन्दिर और आश्रम हैं। यहाँ भक्तों के द्व रा की गयी प्रार्थना और घण्टों का स्वर रात-दिन सुनाई देता है।

ततो वेगवती एषातरंगिणी ओङ्कारेश्वरनगरं स्पृशति। अत्र ममलेश्वरनामज्योतिर्लिङ्ग समाराधयन्ती ओंकार इव आकृति धारयति। अत्रैव आद्यशङ्कराचार्यस्य गुरोः गोविन्दपादाचार्यस्य पवित्रस्थानम् अप्यस्ति।

अनुवाद :
वहाँ से वेग वाली यह नदी ओंकारेश्वर नगर को छूती है। यहाँ ममलेश्वर नामक ज्योतिर्लिंग की आराधना करती। हुई ओंकार के समान आकृति को धारण करती है। यहीं पर आदि शंकराचार्य के गुरु गोविन्दपाद् आचार्य का पवित्र स्थान भी है।

ततः मण्डनमिश्रेण मण्डितम् मण्डलेश्वरनगरमपि। एषा मण्डयति। मण्डलेश्वरनगरात् महाराजया अहिल्यया सेविते माहिष्मतीनगरे अस्याः अतिविस्तृतं रूपं दृश्यते। पश्चात् खलघाटेशूलपाणेश्वरादीनि स्थानानि सिञ्चन्ती सा गुर्जरप्रान्तस्य भृगुकच्छनगरसमीपे अरबसागरे विलीयते।।

अनुवाद :
वहाँ से मण्डनमिश्र से सुशोभित मण्डलेश्वर नगर को भी यह सुशोभित करती है। मण्डलेश्वर नगर से महारानी अहिल्या के द्वारा सेवित माहिष्मती (महेश्वर) नगर में इसका अति विस्तृत रूप दिखाई देता है। बाद में खलघाट शूलपाणेश्वर आदि स्थानों को सींचती हुई गुजरात प्रान्त के भरुच नगर के पास अरब सागर में विलीन हो जाती है।

नर्मदानद्यामेव बरगी-इन्दिरासागर-सरदारसरोवरदायः बहवः बन्धाः निर्मिताः सन्ति। यावन्तः बन्धाः नर्मदानद्यां सन्ति तावन्तः अन्यासु नदीषु न सन्ति। एभिः बन्धैः विधुदुत्पदानम्, भूमिसेचनम्, जलपरिवहनम्, अभयारण्यनिर्माणम्, पर्यटनस्थलनिर्माणम् इत्यादयो विविधलाभाः भवन्ति। एतेषाम् उपकराणां हेतुः एषा एव।

अनुवाद :
नर्मदा नदी पर ही बरगी, इन्दिरासागर, सरदार सरोवर आदि बहुत से बाँध निर्मित हैं। जितने बाँध नर्मदा नदी पर हैं उतने अन्य नदियों पर नहीं हैं। इन बाँधों से बिजली उत्पादन, भूमि का सींचना, जल परिवहन, अभयारण्य का निर्माण, पर्यटनस्थल का निर्माण इत्यादि विभिन्न लाभ होते हैं। इनके उपकारों के लिए यही है।

एषा नामस्मरणमात्रेण पापम् अपाकरोति। पुराणेषु अस्याः बहुविधमाहात्म्यम् प्रतिपादितम्। कालिदासेनापि मेघदूते अस्याः सौन्दर्यम् माहात्म्यं च वर्णितम्। धन्य एषा भूमिः यत्र रेवा राजते।

अनुवाद :
यह नाम के स्मरण मात्र से पाप को दूर करती है। पुराणों में इसकी बहु विध महिमा प्रतिपादित है। कालिदास ने भी मेघदूत में इसके सौन्दर्य और महिमा का वर्णन किया है। धन्य है यह भूमि जहाँ रेवा (नर्मदा) सुशोभित होती है।

नर्मदा शब्दार्थाः

सिद्धस्थलानि = सिद्धभूमि/तीर्थ। धूमधारः = धुंआधार। अत्रत्यम् = यहाँ का। ओंकार इव = ओंकार के समान। उत्तुङ्गम् = ऊँचा। ब्रह्माण्डघट: बरमान घाट का प्राचीन नाम। उच्चावचमार्गेण = ऊँचे-नीचे मार्गों से। सर्पाकारगत्या = वक्रगति से। माहिष्मतीनगरम् = महेश्वर नगर का प्राचीन नाम। महाराजपुरम् = मण्डला का प्राचीन नाम। भृगुकच्छनगरम् = भरूच नगर का प्राचीन नाम। प्राप्नोति = पहुँचती है। श्वेतशिलाखण्डानाम् = सङ्गमरमर की चट्टानों के।

MP Board Class 8th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions Chapter 1 अपनी संख्याओं की जानकारी Ex 1.1

प्रश्न 1.
रिक्त स्थानों को भरिए :
(a) 1 लाख = ……… दस हजार
(b) 1 मिलियन = ……… सौ हजार
(c) 1 करोड़ = ……… दस लाख
(d) 1 करोड़ =………. मिलियन
(e) 1 मिलियन = ……… लाख।
उत्तर-
(a) 10,
(b) 10,
(c) 10,
(d) 10,
(e) 10

प्रश्न 2.
सही स्थानों पर अल्प विराम लगाते हुए, संख्यांकों को लिखिए :
(a) तिहत्तर लाख पचहत्तर हजार तीन सौ सात
(b) नौ करोड़ पाँच लाख इकतालीस
(c) सात करोड़ बावन लाख इक्कीस हजार तीन सौ दो
(d) अट्ठावन मिलियन चार सौ तेईस हजार दो सौ दो
(e) तेईस लाख तीस हजार दस।
उत्तर-
(a) 73,75,307
(b) 9,05,00,041
(c) 7,52,21,302
(d) 58,423,202
(e) 23,30,010

प्रश्न 3.
उपयुक्त स्थानों पर अल्प विराम लगाइए और संख्या नामों को भारतीय संख्यांकन पद्धति में लिखिए :
(a) 87595762
(b) 8546283
(c) 99900046
(d) 98432701.
हल :
(a) 8,75,95,762 – आठ करोड़ पचहत्तर लाख पिच्चानवे हजार सात सौ बासठ
(b) 85,46,283 – पिचासी लाख छियालीस हजार दो सौ तिरासी
(c) 9,99,00,046 – नौ करोड़ निन्यानवे लाख छियालीस
(d) 9,84,32,701 – नौ करोड़ चौरासी लाख बत्तीस हजार सात सौ एक।

प्रश्न 4.
उपयुक्त स्थानों पर अल्प विराम लगाइए और संख्या नामों को अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय संख्यांकन पद्धति में लिखिए :
(a) 78921092
(b) 7452283
(c) 99985102
(d) 48049831.
हल :
(a) 78,921,092 – अठहत्तर मिलियन नौ सौ इक्कीस हजार बानवे
(b) 7,452,283 – सात मिलियन चार सौ बावन हजार दो सौ तिरासी
(c) 99,985,102 – निन्यानवे मिलियन नौ सौ पिचासी हजार एक सौ दो
(d) 48,049,831 – अड़तालीस मिलियन उन्चास हजार आठ सौ इकतीस।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 13

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
कितने सेण्टीमीटरों से एक किलोमीटर बनता है?
हल :
∵1 किलोमीटर = 1000 मीटर
और . 1 मीटर = 100 सेण्टीमीटर
∴1 किलोमीटर = 1000 × 100 सेण्टीमीटर
= 100000 सेण्टीमीटर
अतः 1,00,000 सेण्टीमीटर से 1 किलोमीटर बनता है।

प्रश्न 2.
भारत के पाँच बड़े शहरों के नाम लिखिए। उनकी जनसंख्या पता कीजिए। इन शहरों में से प्रत्येक युग्म शहरों के बीच की दूरी भी किलोमीटर में पता कीजिए।
हल :

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
कितने मिलीग्राम से एक किलोग्राम बनता है ?
हल :
∵1 किलोग्राम = 1000 ग्राम
1 ग्राम = 1000 मिलीग्राम
∴1 किलोग्राम = 1000 x 1000 मिलीग्राम
= 10,00,000 मिलीग्राम
= 10 लाख मिलीग्राम
अत: 10 लाख मिलीग्राम से 1 किलोग्राम बनता है।

प्रश्न 2.
दवाई की गोलियों के एक बक्से में 2,00,000 गोलियाँ हैं, जिनमें प्रत्येक का भार 20 मिग्रा है। इस बक्से में रखी सभी गालियों का कुल भार ग्रामों में कितना है और किलोग्राम में कितना है ? हल :
गोलियों की संख्या = 2,00,000;
1 गोली का भार = 20 मिग्रा
∴2,00,000 गोलियों का भार = 200000 x 20
= 4000000 मिग्रा
= \(\frac{4000000}{1000}\) ग्राम
= 4000 ग्राम
= \(\frac{4000}{1000}\)
= 4 किलोग्राम

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 14-15

प्रयास कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
एक बस ने अपनी यात्रा प्रारम्भ की और 60 किमी/घण्टा की चाल से विभिन्न स्थानों पर पहुँची। इस यात्रा को नीचे दर्शाया गया है।
(i) A से D तक जाने में बस द्वारा तय की गई कुल दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए।

(ii) D से G तक जाने में बस द्वारा तय की गई कुल दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए।
(iii) बस द्वारा तय की गई कुल दूरी ज्ञात कीजिए।
(iv) क्या आप C से D तक और D से E तक दूरियों का अन्तर ज्ञात कर सकते हैं?
(v) बस द्वारा निम्नलिखित यात्रा में लिया गया समय ज्ञात कीजिए :
(a) A से B तक
(b) C से D तक
(c) E से G तक
(d) कुल यात्रा।
हल :
(i) बस द्वारा A से D तक जाने में तय की गई कुल दूरी
= 4170 किमी + 3410 किमी + 2160 किमी
= 9740 किमी

(ii) D से G तक जाने में बस द्वारा तय की गई कुल दूरी
= 8140 किमी + 4830 किमी + 2550 किमी
= 15520 किमी

(iii) बस द्वारा तय की गई कुल दरी
= 4170 किमी + 3410 किमी + 2160 किमी + 8140 किमी + 4830 किमी + 2550 किमी + 1290 किमी
= 26550 किमी

(iv) C से D तक की दूरी = 2160 किमी;
D से E तक की दूरी = 8140 किमी
∴C से D तथा D से E तक की दूरी का अन्तर
= 8140 किमी – 2160 किमी
= 5980 किमी

(v)

∴ बस द्वारा यात्रा में लिया गया समय
(a) A से B तक = \(\frac { 4170 }{ 60 }\) घण्टे
= \(69\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) घण्टे

(b) C से D तक = \(\frac { 2160 }{ 60 }\) घण्टे
= 36 घण्टे

(c) E से G तक = \(\frac { 4830+2550 }{ 60 }\)
= \(\frac { 7380 }{ 60 }\) घण्टे
= 123 घण्टे

(d) कुल यात्रा = \(\frac { 26550 }{ 60 }\) घण्टे
= \(442\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) घण्टे

प्रश्न 2.
रमन की दुकान


(a) क्या आप रमन द्वारा पिछले वर्ष बेचे गए सेब और संतरों का कुल भार ज्ञात कर सकते हैं?
सेबों का भार = ……. किग्रा
संतरों का भार = …… किग्रा
अतः कुल भार = ….. किग्रा + ….. किग्रा = ……किग्रा
उत्तर- संतरों और सेबों का कुल भार = ……
(b) क्या आप रमन द्वारा सेबों को बेचने से प्राप्त कुल धन राशि ज्ञात कर सकते हैं?
(c) क्या आप रमन द्वारा सेबों और सन्तरों को बेचने से प्राप्त कुल धनराशि प्राप्त कर सकते हैं?
(d) रमन द्वारा प्रत्येक वस्तु के बेचने से प्राप्त धनराशियों को दशाने वाली एक सारणी बनाइए। धनराशियों की इन प्रविष्टियों को अवरोही क्रम में व्यवस्थित कीजिए। वह कौन-सी वस्तु है जिससे रमन को सबसे अधिक धनराशि प्राप्त हुई ? यह धनराशि क्या है ?
हल :
(a) रमन द्वारा पिछले वर्ष बेचे गए सेबों और संतरों का भार
सेबों का भार = 2457 किग्रा
संतरों का भार = 3004 किग्रा
अतः कुल भार = 2457 किग्रा + 3004 किग्रा
= 5461 किग्रा
संतरों और सेबों का कुल भार = 5461 किग्रा

(b) 1 किग्रा सेब का मूल्य = Rs 40
बेचे गये सेबों का भार = 2457 किग्रा
सेबों को बेचने से रमन को प्राप्त कुल धनराशि
= 2457 x 40
= Rs 98,280

(c) बेचे गए संतरों का मार = 3004 किग्रा
1 किग्रा संतरों का विक्रय मूल्य = Rs 30
बेचे गये संतरों द्वारा रमन को प्राप्त कुल धनराशि
= 3004 x 30
= Rs 90120
∴सेबों और संतरों को बेचने से प्राप्त कुल धनराशि
= 98280 + 90120
= Rs 1,88,400

सारणी – रमन द्वारा प्रत्येक वस्तु को बेचने से प्राप्त धनराशि

प्राप्त धनराशि को अवरोही क्रम में रखने पर,
Rs 2,53,670, Rs 2,40,012, Rs 1,60,040, Rs 98,280, Rs 90,120, Rs 68,280, Rs 38,530
सबसे अधिक धनराशि दाँतों के बुश से प्राप्त हुई। यह धनराशि Rs 2,53,670 है।

MP Board Class 6th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 27 The Tribes of India

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 27 Text Book Questions

Choose the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
For their food the tribal people depend upon:
(a) Rains
(b) Agriculture
(c) Forests
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Forests

Question 2.
One – third of the tribal of Orissa reside in:
(a) Monpas Mizirn
(b) Koraput, Mayurbhanj
(c) Akas, Rakhwas
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Koraput, Mayurbhanj

Question 3.
The Museum of Man of MP is situated at:
(a) Indore
(b) Ujjain
(c) Bhopal
(d) Jabalpur
Answer:
(c) Bhopal

Question 4.
The handicraft items which is in great demand is:
(a) Bangles
(b) Shawls, blankets
(c) Footwear
(d) cotton clothes
Answer:
(b) Shawls, blankets

Fill in the blanks:

1. One of the backward tribes of Bihar is known as ……………
2. The tribes of Andaman’s are divided into two groups known as …………. and ………….
3. The major tribe of Andhra Pradesh is ……………..
4. Generally women decorate their bodies with …………….

Answer:

1. Kahar
2. Oung, Jarawa
3. Chenchus
4. Ornaments.

Match the Column:

Answer:
(c) Naikada
(a) Ropes and basket making
(b) Madhya Pradesh

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 27 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is tribal culture?
Answer:
Tribes are a group of people who speak the same language, live in the same area and whose life style, customs, beliefs, style of living, rites and rituals etc. are the same and who many in the same group.

Question 2.
Which are the areas inhabited by the tribal of India?
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Andaman, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh are the areas of India inhabited by the tribes.

Question 3.
What are the main food of the tribes?
Answer:
The tribes depend on the nearby forests for food.

Question 4.
The Pekan tribe belongs to which area?
Answer:
The Pekan tribe belongs to the Nilgiri mountains.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 27 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the regional tribes of India.
Answer:
India is inhabited by various tribes. The important tribe of Andhra Pradesh is Chenchus. The other tribes of this area are Jatapus, Kolam, Nayakpod, Savras etc. The major tribes of Bihar and Jharkhand are Khariyan, Oranav and Kharwar. One of the backward tribes of Bihar is known as Kahar. The major tribes of Gujarat are Sirohi, Udaipur, Kotra, Sarson and Danta. The Naikada tribe lives near the border districts of Gujarat.

The districts of Orissa where tribes live are Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh, Ganjam etc. The important tribes of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarhare Gond, Baiga, Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Bhariya, Kanwar, Kankar, Sahariya etc. The tribals of the Andaman group of islands are divided into two groups – Oung and Jarawa.

The Toda tribes are die oldest ones inhabiting the Nilgiri mountains. The Northeastern States of Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh are also inhabited by tribes. They also live in Khasi, Jaintia, Garo Hills, Mizo Hills, the Nprth Ochar Hills and the Mikir Hills.

Question 2.
Explain about the tribes of Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:
More than 40 tribes live in Madhya Pradesh. The major tribes are Gond, Baiga, Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Bhariya, Kanwar, Kankar, Sahariya etc. The tribal consider most of the tiling of nature as a gift of their God. They are hardworking and simple.

They are also known for their bravery and liberal life style. Besides their costume, their ornaments and make up are also very attractive. The Museum of Man, situated in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh displays their life style.

Question 3.
Explain the occupation of the tribal women and their dependence.
Answer:
The tribal women are not completely dependent on the men. They do various types of works and give economic help to their male counterpart. They collect various types of grasses to make-ropes and baskets. They work in the fields and also in the jungles.

They collect honey, dry fruits, fruits etc. from the jungle and sell them in die market. They also make shawls, blankets, bags, woolen clothes etc. On hand looms which are in great demand. Thus, the tribal women are not behind the men in earning money.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions Chapter 26 Rights of a Child and Human Rights

Fill in the blanks by using the correct words given in the brackets:
(Equality, Rights, occupations, all round, birthrights, culture, healthy, wealth)

1. The rights to live is our ……………….
2. All the children of the world should get …………… food.
3. All the people have the right to protect their language, script and ……………
4. Humans are the ……………. of the society.
5. We have the right to choose …………… according to our ability and within legal boundary.
6. The children have the rights for proper facilities for their…………. development.
7. All citizens have rights to ……………… of opportunity.

Answer:

1. birthright
2. healthy
3. culture
4. wealth
5. occupations
6. all round
7. equality.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 26 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What was published in the newspaper?
Answer:
The news was, “The Hindu Inheritance (Amendment) Bill 2005 giving equal rights to daughter of Hindu undivided families in immovable property was passed in the Parliament on Monday, the 20th August, 2005.”

Question 2.
To whom did lata read the news to?
Answer:
Lata read the news to her civics teacher.

Question 3.
What did the children want to know from the teacher?
Answer:
The children wanted to know the answer of a number of questions as to ‘What are rights’?, ‘What is this world organisation’?, ‘What are the Rights of the child’?, At what age do we acquire these rights.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 26 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the important Rights of Child.
Answer:
The important Rights of Child are:

1. Rights to live
2. Rights to Education
3. Rights of expression, information and to form associations
4. Rights to protection against exploitation.

1. Rights to live

• The child has basic Right to live.
• It is the duty of the State to provide opportunities for the development of the child.
• The Rights of the Child to live with their family and protection to orphans.
• It is the responsibility of the family to nurture the child and the state aids the parents in this.
• Healthy food, potable water, safe shelter.
• Sufficient health facilities
• Rights to protection of life from exploitation.
• The state will pay special attention to reduce the infant death rate.

2. Rights to Education

• Right to proper education and facilities for the aid – round development of personality.
• Protection from all obstacles in education and development
• Not to wean the children from their language, religion and culture.

3. Right of expression, information and the Right to form associations

• Freedom to express their thoughts and religious freedom
• Rights to receive all rights given to human without any discrimination.
• Right to play an active role in the society.
• Guidance to the family by the state for the development of interests and hobbies of the children.
• To form association according to their age.

4. Rights to protection against exploitation.

• Social protection to children.
• Not to compel children to do things they are incapable of doing.
• Protection from ill-treatment.
• To prevent the children from being employed in illegal business.

Choose the correct alternatives:

1. The National Human Rights Commission was formed in the year:
(a) 1993
(b) 1992
(c) 1990
(d) 1997
Answer:
(a) 1993

2. The Madhya Pradesh Human Rights Commission was formed on:
(a) 17th Sept. 1993
(b) 13th Sept. 1995
(c) 13th Oct. 1996
(d) 13th Nov. 1993
Answer:
(b) 13th Sept. 1995

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 26 Short Answer Type Questions – 2

Question 1.
What was the world wide Declaration of the Human Rights by the UNO?
Answer:
In die world wide declaration of Human Rights, the civic and the political freedom have been mentioned. It also includes the economic, social and cultural rights.

Question 2.
How useful are Human Rights to society?
Answer:
The Human Rights make it possible for us to lead a good social life. These Rights form the foundation of the society. These rights are also used to strengthen the feeling of brotherhood.

Question 3.
Which year was celebrated as the International Year of Human Rights?
Answer:
The year 1968 was celebrated as the international year of Human Rights.

Question 4.
If the Government does not protect the Human Rights then who keeps a tap on it?
Answer:
All the member countries of the U.N.O. have formed the Human Rights Commission in their countries. The Indian government also formed the National Human Rights Commission in Oct. 1993. These Commissions are supposed to take care of the Human Rights of their respective countries in case the Government does not protect them.

Question 5.
How are the Human Rights violated due to terrorism?
Answer:
The terrorists want to rule the world with their conditions, policies and thought. For that, they indulge themselves in violence and violate the Human Rights.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Chapter 26 Long Answer Type Questions – 2

Question 1.
Make a list of the Human Rights. Which council functions to promote these Rights?
Answer:
A list of the Human Rights:

1. Right to freedom of life
2. Right to equality before law
3. Right to property
4. Right to equality in participation of the Government and to be selected in Government Services.
5. Right to be treated as innocent until proven guilty.
6. Right to freedom from being jailed without investigation, house arrest and expulsion from the country.
7. Right to hearing by an independent and importation judiciary.
8. Right to expression and voting.
9. Right to organised peaceful meeting/ marches.
10. Right to freedom from slavery.
11. Right to freedom of religion and intellect
12. Freedom from exploitation or cruelty, inhuman or insulting behavior or punishment
13. Equal pay for equal work.
14. Right to leave and rest
15. Right to education and to participation in the cultural activities of the society.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the Human Rights.
Answer:
Human Rights are those rights which every human being must enjoy. These Rights make it possible for us to lead a good social life. The United Nations Organisation promoted worldwide respect to these Rights and basic freedom and its implementation without any discrimination of caste, sex, language orreligion. The Economic and Social Council of die UNO established the Human Rights Commission in its first session in Feb. 1946.

This Commission after long deliberations put up a draft for the world wide declaration of Human Rights in 1948 which was approved by die General Assembly of the UNO. In the world wide declaration of Human Rights, the civic and die political freedom have been mentioned.

It also includes the economic, social and cultural Rights, The Human Rights are considered to be the most important documents of the world. These rights form the foundation of the society. These Rights are also used to strengthen the feeling of brotherhood.

MP Board Class 7th Social Science Solutions