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In this article, we will share MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 1 The Adventure and Expansion of British Rule in India Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions Chapter 1 The Adventure and Expansion of British Rule in India

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 Text Book Exercise

Choose the correct option of the following

MP Board Class 8 Social Science English Medium Question 1.
Who signed the Allahabad fact?
(a) Mir Qasim
(b) Nawab Najmudaulah
(c) Sujaudaulah
(d) Bahadurshah Zafar
Answer:
(c) Sujaudaulah

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 1 Question 2.
Which of the following trading company did not come to India?
(a) Portuguese
(b) Dutch
(C) French
(d) American
Answer:
(d) American

MP Board Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question 3.
Where was the Dutch factory in India?
(a) Goa
(b) Daman
(c) Pullicut
(d) Div
Answer:
(c) Pullicut

MP Board Class 8th History Chapter 1 Question 4.
Where was Thomas Roe sent as envoy in 1615 ?
(a) England
(b) America
(c) India
(d) France
Answer:
(c) India

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 Question 5.
Who was the French Governor in India during first two Canatic wars?
(a) Duplex
(b) Clive
(c) Cornwallis
(d) Colbert
Answer:
(a) Duplex

Fill in the blanks:

1. First in India …………. European came.
2. ………. was the European to come to India in 1498.
3.  ……….. had control over Goa, Daman and Diu.
4. East India Company was established in ………..
5. ………..Was the Nawab of Bengal during the Battle of Plassey.
6. ……….. and Hyderabad were brought under Company control by Wellesley’s subsidiary Alliance.
7. Lord Dalhousie followed the policy of …………
8. ………….. company got success in Carnatic wars.

Answers:

1. Portuguese
2. Vasco De Gama
3. Portuguese
4. 1600
5. Siraj – uddaulah
6. Avadlomb de Lapse
7. British East India

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 History Chapter 1 MP Board Question 1.
Why European trading companies came to India ?
Answers:
European trading companies came to India for trading and business of spices with India. They purchased spices, indigo, raw silk, lead, nice and opium from India at cheap rates and earned a huge profits.

MP Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Question 2.
Where did Portuguese company establish trading center in India?
Answer:
Portuguese company established trading centers at Calicut, Goa, Daman, Diu and Hooghly in India.

Class 8 MP Board History Chapter 1 Question 3.
Which gold coin was floated by Dutch in India?
Answer:
Dutch floated gold coins as currency in India known as Pagodal.

MP Board Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 1 Question 4.
Which Governor – General adopted subsidiary alliance?
Answer:
Lord Weaselly adopted subsidiary alliance.

History Chapter 1 Class 8 MP Board Question 5.
Write two reasons of British success in India.
Answer:
Two reasons of British success in India are:

• The English Policy, of divide and rule.
• They had better artillery, well – trained  co-soldiers and commanders.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type Questions

MP Board Class 8 History Question 1.
Elaborate the trade works of Dutch Company in India?
Answer:
The Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602 in Holland for trading purpose with India. They set up first factory at Macchalipatnam and established trading houses in the coromandal coast of Gujarat, Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa They traded in Spices, indigo, raw silk, lead, rice and opium. They introduced gold coins as currency in India known as Pagoda.

Class 8 MP Board Social Science Chapter 1 Question 2.
What were the reasons of rivalry between European trading companies ?
Answer:
The rivalry between the European tan-dang companies were for trade and then was HD déduire political power and supremacy.

MP Board Class 8 Sst Chapter 1 Question 3.
Write the terms of subsidiary
answer:
Urider the subsidiary alliance system, the ruler of the Indian state was compelled to Accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory the rule had to pay fixed amount for maintenance of force and to keep a 6 British officer at his court.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 Long Answer Type Questions

MP Board Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question 1.
Causes of Carnatic wars?
Answer:
The canatic wars were fought between British East India company and French company The causes of the war are as follows:

• The companies were making efforts to earn waris more benefits and expand political influence.
• The companies tried to surpass each by purchasing Indian goods ate lowest price.
• They interfered in the political affairs of Ont to a the state and wanted to dominate the markets.
• The Headquarter of French company was in Pondicherry, while British company was at Fort St. George (Madras) which was not far away from Pondicherry. So the ambitions of both companies soared and som resulted into War.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 MP Board Question 2.
Causes of Battle or Plassey?
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757 between the English and the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulan. The Nawab was defeated. The causes of the Battle of Plassey were:

• The English wanted to control Bengal although they got various facilities with the trendy of Alinagar.
• Nawab siraj – ud – daulah waived the treaty – Of Alinager.
• Mirafan the commander of the Nawab’s army cheated Sirajud – daulah. He secretly entered into a conspiracy with English. The defeat of Siraj-ud-daulah, marked the beginning of British Power in India.

MP Board Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Question 3.
Write the terms of Allahabad pact?
Answer:
In the August 1765, the English signed a treaty with the Nawab of Avadh at Allahabad. The terms were.

• The English demanded Rs 50 lakh as war compensation from Nawab to return Avadh under his possession.
• Nawab of Avadh conceded Allahabad, Kara and adjoining areas to Mughal a Emperor Shah Alam.
• The British extended full control over Chunar fort.
• The British were to have the right to trade fee of tax in the territory of Avadh.

MP Board Class 8 Political Chapter 1 Question 4.
Explain the Doctrine of Lapse Policy of Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
1. Lord Dalhousie exercised a very wicked policy called doctrine of lapse in order to annex various indian state under the company rule.
2. Frist of all he banned the age old tradition of adaption of heir his state was annexed to British dominions many states including jhansi Nagpur satire were annexed under his doctrine in 1856 Nawab of avadh was accused of having mis governing his state and thus it was annexed to British rule.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 MP Board Question 5.
Causes of British success in politics trades ?
Answer:

1. The English was a united body where as the Indians were divided in a lot. Thus, the English took advantage of the deteriorating political conditions in India.
2. The English policy of divide and rule stood in good stead for their imperialistic designs .
3. The English had better artillery, better out on a soldiers, and better commanders than those in India Internal weakness, mutual rivalries, constant conflicts among the Indians made it easier for the British to capture them one after another.
4. The Indians were not as devoted to their cause as the English were.

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 10th Social Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Resources of India: Soil, Water, Forest and Wild Life Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Solutions Chapter 1 Resources of India: Soil, Water, Forest and Wild Life

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Text book Exercise

We have provided Class 10 SST MCQ Questions and Answers Chapter Wise PDF Download to help students understand the concept very well.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

MP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Question 1.
Which factor does not help in the formation of the soil?
(a) Wind and water
(b) Decomposed plants and animals
(c) Rocks and temperature
(d) Water accumulation.
Answer:
(a) Wind and water

MP Board 10th Maths Solution

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Question 2.
Which soil is generally found in the delta region of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa and the plains of Ganges?
(a) Red soil
(b) Alluvial soil
(c) Black soil
(d) Laterite soil.
Answer:
(b) Alluvial soil

Social Science Class 10 MP Board English Medium Question 3.
In which region, the method of making contour bunds is used for soil conservation?
(a) Delta region
(b) Plateau region
(c) Hills
(d) Plains
Answer:
(c) Hills

MP Board Class 10 History Chapter 1 Question 4.
Man uses the most?
(a) underground water
(b) Oceanic Water
(c) Surface Water
(d) Atmospheric Water
Answer:
(a) underground water

MP Board Solutions Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
Which of the following states is known as Tiger state?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Assam.
Answer:
(b) Madhya Pradesh

Class 10 Social Science Lesson 1 Question Answer Question 6.
The founder of Vanmahostava was?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) K.M. Munshi
(d) Acharya Vinobha Bhave
Answer:
(c) K.M. Munshi

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Question 7.
Most forested state is –
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Assam
(d) Tamil Nady.
Answer:
(c) Assam

MP Board Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Question 8.
Ghana Bird Santuary is located in –
(a) Kerala
(b) Rajasthan
(c) West Bengal
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Rajasthan

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1.  ………………. has an important place in Joint Forest Management System.
2.  Social Forestry Scheme is getting financial assistance from ……………….
3.  Forest Fire Control Project is working in association with ……………….
4.  ……………….. and are ……………… established to protect and conserve wild life.

Answer:

1. 1.  Forest protection
   2.  World Bank
   3.  W.W.F.

1.  Sancturay, Naitonal Parks.

Question 3.

Answer:

1. (a)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (e)
5. (d)

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Very Short Answer Type Questions

MP Board Class 10th History Chapter 1 Question 1.
What is meant by soil erosion?
Answer:
Removal of soil at a large scale from one place to another by some natural agent is known as soil erosion.

Pariksha Adhyayan Class 10th Social Science Question 2.
What do you mean by soil conservation?
Answer:
The ever increasing population resulted in the destruction of natural resources. Therefore, to prevent destruction soil conservation is necessary. There are various methods of soil conservation.

Class 10th Sst Chapter 1 Question 3.
What are the sources of underground water?
Answer:
Rain water is a main source of underground water. Some part of rain water is soaked by the land. Rest of the water percolates and is collected below the surface as underground water.

Class 10 MP Board Question 4.
What is the basis of modified forest policy of 1988?
Answer:
The main basis of modified forest policy is to maintain environmental stability, to conserve the natural heritage and to check on soil erosion.

Resources And Development Chapter Question 5.
What is the basis of the success of social forestry?
Answer:
This programme of plantation has been started in association with World Bank. It aims to plant useful trees in waste lands, road side and canal embankments near villages. One tree for every child’ this slogan is developed in schools and colleges. People’s participation is increased by publishing Vanmahotsava and by farm forestry, by planting trees road side, railway side and canal embankments.

MP Board Social Science Class 10 Question 6.
Why Indian Institute of Forest Management had been established?
Answer:
This institute had been established in Ahemdabad in 1978 in collaboration with a Swidish Company for the development of the forest. Central Government has also established Indian Institute of Forest Management in Bhopal for training, research and consultancy purposes.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by soil profile? Explain?
Answer:
Soil profile is the sequence, colour, texture and nature of the horizons (layers) superimposed one above the other and exposed in a pit – section dug through the soil mantle,

1.  Upper most layer is top soil
2.  Second layer is sub soil
3.  Third layer is weathered parent rock material
4.  Fourth layer consists of parent rocks.

Top soil of the upper most layer is the real soil. Its important characteristic is the presence of humans and organic matter. Second layer is sub soil which consists of rocks, sand particles and clay. Third layer consists of weathered parent rock material and the fourth layer is made of parent rocks.

What Is Bangar Class 10th Question 2.
What is importance of soil in human life? Explain?
Answer:
Soil is very important for human life, especially for farmers. Human life depends on soil. All living organisms get their food directly or indirectly from soil. We get cotton, silk, jute and wool for making
clothes from soil, either directly or indirectly, e.g. sheep eats grass and gives us wool, silk worms survive on vegetation and vegetation grows in soil. Our industries like animal rearing, agriculture and forest – based industries all depend on soil. So soil is the basis of our life. According to Wil Cox, ‘The history of civilization is the history of the soil and the education of the individual begins from the soil.’

Soil Map Of India Class 10 Question 3.
Differentiate between Red Soil and Laterite Soil ?
Answer:
Red Soil:

1. Red soil is formed due to weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
2. It is highly porous and less fertile but where it is deep it is fertile.
3. It is less crystalline.
4. It is red in colour due to the presence of iron in it.
5. It occurs in part of Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Orissa, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh.

Laterite Soil:

1. Laterite soil is formed by the leaching process in the heavy rainfall areas of tropical India.
2. It is less fertile, only grass grows on it in abundance.
3. It is crystalline.
4. It is red in colour due to little clay and much gravel of red sandstones.
5. It is found is hills of the Deccan, Karnataka, Orissa, Assam, Megha­laya and Kerala.

Major Soil Types In India Map Class 10 Question 4.
What are the measures of water conservation?
Answer:
The judicious utilization, conservation and management of water resources is necessary. In the view of the limited water available, increasing demand and its uneven availability it has become imperative to conserve the water resources. Following three steps are essential in this direction:

1.  To collect the rainwater and stop it from draining off.
2.  Scientific management of the water resources of all the river watersheds minor to major.
3.  Prevention of water resources from pollution.

Water Resources Map Class 10 Question 5.
Rain water harvesting is important. Why?
Answer:
Natural water is precious but abundantly available during rainy season. But due to carelessness of the people it goes wasted. We know that the crisis of fresh and pure water has became a world wide problem. So it is call of time to collect such a huge quantity of water by constructing reservoir on the roof or nearby the house or roadways.

Social Science Class 10 Chapter 1 Question Answer Question 6.
Conservation of forest is necessary, why?
Answer:
Conservation of forests is necessary, because of the following:

1. Plants provide food for men and animals.
2. They help in the maintenance of ecosystem.
3. They give oxygen necessary for the survival of men and animals.
4. They provide us timber for building, doors, houses, etc.
5. They give us herbal medicines.
6.  They help in soil erosion.

Water Resources Class 10 Map Question 7.
Explain forest based industries?
Answer:
Forests provide a large number of minor produce which are essential for industries such as lac, tanning materials, gum, honey, katha, wax, resins, bamboo, medicinal herbs, horn and hides of animals etc. Forests provide materials for basic industries i.e., wood is useful raw material for several industries like paper, match, lac, leather, oil and herbal medicines. Small scale industries developed from the minor forest provide like tendupatta, cane, honey, wax, etc.

Major Rivers And Dams In India Map Class 10 Question 8.
How does forest control the climate?
Answer:
It is necessary for a country to have a proper echological balance. A country should therefore have at least one third of its land area covered with the forests. A larger area under forest is must for absorption of carbon – di – oxide, the accumulation of which is likely to accentuate green house effect. This ‘effect’ may further give rise to general increase in temperature globally and ultimately melt the icecaped areas of the world. This would cause great loss to the life and property of the people living in low lying areas of the world. Thus, the forests would vanish by these natural calamities brought by the man.

Class 10 Soil Map 9.
Write down the chief characteristics of Forests Policy of December 1988?
Answer:
The following are the chief characteristics of the Forests Policy of Decemeber 1988:

1. Substantial increase in forest tree cover through massive forestation and social forestry programmes.
2. Steps to meet requirements of fuel wood, fodder and minor forest produce and timber for tribal and rural populations.
3. Increase in productivity of forest to meet the national needs.
4. Encouragement of efficient utilisation of forest produce and optimum substitution of wood.
5. Steps to massive people’s movement with involvement of women to achieve the objective and minimise pressure on existing forests.

Soil Map Class 10 Question 10.
What is Social Forestry Scheme?
Answer:
Social Forestry Scheme means the scheme for an awareness of tree plantation with the help of government and non – governmental institution. There is a known slogan ‘one tree for every child’ geared up to the students of schools and colleges is a serious measure to implement this variety of ecological scheme. This scheme of plantation is started in association with World Bank.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is soil? Describe different types of soil, their characteristics and distribution?
Answer:
The – uppermost layer of the earth’s crust, which is useful for cultivations and the basic resource of agriculture is called soil. The soils of India are:

1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil, and
4. Laterite soil.

1. Alluvial Soil:
Alluvial soil is considered to be a most fertile soil which forms the largest and the most important soil group of India. It contributes the largest share to the country’s agricultural production.

(a) Area:
Alluvial soil covers about 43.7% of the total land area under cultivation. The entire northern plain of India is made up of alluvial soil.

(b) Composition:
These soils are made up of new alluvium and old alluvium. These soils contain fine particles of soil called alluvium. The soil is called new and old depending upon their period of deposit.

(c) Fertility:
Alluvium soils are very fertile soils as they contain adequate amount of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. All the river basin generally have alluvial soils. It supports over half the Indian population.

2. Black Soil:
These soils are black in colour and are very suitable for the cultivation of cotton.

(a) Area:
These soils are spread all over the Deccan trap and are made up of lava flows. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurastra, Malwa and southern Madhya Pradesh and extend eastwards in the south along the Godavari and Krishan Valley.

(b) Composition:
The Regur soils or Black soils contain calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime. They are generally poor in phosphoric content. The soils consisting of extremely fine clay material known for their sticky characteristics are also called Black soils.

(c) Fertility:
Regur soils are very important and suitable for the cultivation of cotton, that is why they are sometimes also called cotton soil.

3. Red Soil:
These soils are derived from crystalline and metamorphic rocks rich in minerals.

(a) Area:
The southern half of peninsular block is covered by red soils of different shades of red and yellow. This type of soil can be seen in Chotanagpur plateau, Orissa, east Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Nigiries and Tamilnadu plateau. These soil areas are also found northwards in the west along the Konkan coast of Maharashtra.

(b) Composition:
Red soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands. They contain loose grave (a highly coarse material and are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous material.

(c) Fertility:
Since these soils are loamy and are made up of coarse material, they are not fertile. They are deficient in the organic matter and nitrogenous material that makes it less fertile.

4. Laterite Soil:
The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains.

(a) Area:
They are found in western coastal regions receiving very heavy rainfall. They are also found in patches along the edge of the plateau in the east covering small parts of Tamilnadu and Orissa, a small part of Chotanagpur and Meghalaya in the north east.

(b) Composition:
These soil’s have resulted due to intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rainfall.

(c) Fertility:
These soils are invariably poor and support only pastures and scrub forests.

Question 2.
What is soil erosion? Explain the causes of soil erosion and methods of conservation of soil?
Answer:
The term erosion means the loosening and removal of soil from its previous resting place by the action of water and other agents. In India, soil erosion is in many places a serious menace. The extent to which erosion is liable to occur will vary with the condition but at any point its incidence is determined by the following factors:

1. The configuration, and particularly the slope of the land.
2. The credibility of the soil.
3. The amount distribution and intensity of the rainfall.
4. The vegetable cover.
5. The system of husbandary and soil management practiced.

Causes of soil erosion are:

1. Deforestation
2. Overgrazing
3. Shifting agriculture
4. Wind erosion
5. Agriculture by non-scientific methods.

Soil conservation:
The ever increasing population resulted in the destruction of natural resources. Therefore, to prevent destruction, soil conservation is necessary. There are various methods of soil conservation.

1. Contour farming
2. To prevent gully erosion by making field ridge.
3. Prevention of soil erosion by planting trees as wind breaks in deserts which check the velocity of wind. By doing plantation on the follow land and mountain slopes and by controlled grazing.
4. By collecting the run off water in mountain slopes and uneven areas.
5. By developing grazing land in the rural areas.

Question 3.
Draw a labelled diagram of soil profile?
Answer:
Soil profile:
Soil profile is the sequence, colour, texture, nature of the horizons (layers) superimposed one above the other and exposed in a pit – section dug through the soil mantle. Top soil of the upper most layer is the real soil. Its important characteristic is the presence of humans and organic matter.

Second layer is sub soil which consists of rocks, sand particles and clay. Third layer consists of weathered parent rock material and the fourth layer is made of parent rocks.

Question 4.
What are the main sources of water resource? What is importance of water resources in human life?
Answer:
There are four major sources of water.

1. Surface water
2. Ground water
3. Atmospheric water, and
4. Oceanic Water.

1. Surface water:
The surface water is available in rivers, ponds and lakes. Rivers are the main source of surface water in India. Rivers and its tributaries are found in each and every part of India. Three main rivers are the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra and they carry nearly 60 percent of the total surface water in India. Among the major rivers of the world, the Brahmaputra and the Ganga are at eighth and tenth places respectively.

2. Ground water:
Some part of rain water is soaked by the land. Only 60 percent reaches the upper layer of the soil, which is very useful for agriculture and vegetation to grow. Rest of the water percolates and is collected below the surface as ground water. It is obtained on the surface through wells and tubewells and is used by human beings for irrigation purposes, gardening and industrial purposes.

3. Atmospheric water:
This is in the form of water vapour therefore, it is not used.

4. Ocean water:
This type of water is mainly used for transport and fishing industry. Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean are in the West, East and South of India respectively. Importance of water in human life is as follows:

1. To provide irrigational facilities.
2. To conserve the soil fertility as the flood.
3. To generate hydro – electric power.
4. To promote navigation through canals and rivers.
5. To promote tourism as beach tourism.
6. To promote fish culture, and
7. To store water, which can be used when it is in greater demand.

Question 5.
Describe the methods of water conservation. Why is it necessary?
Or
Why is water conservation necessary? Describe its main methods? (MP Board 2009,)
Answer:
The following are the crucial methods for the water conservation:

1. To collect rain water and stop it from draining off.
2. Scientific management of water resources.
3. Prevention of water resources from industrial and domestic pollution.

The availability of water for agricultural and other purpose is inadequate and irregular in our country. Being the monsoon, the bulk of rainfall is confined to a brief period of three to four months. Even the places of high rainfall like Cherrapunji and Konkan having heavy rainfall face scarcity of water during the dry season.

Secondly the distribution of rainfall is unequal for example our ground water resources are abundant only in the northern and coastal plains and in the other parts of the country its supply is inadequate. The river water of the Country is also not well connected by canals. In short, the supply of water in India depends on Monsoons and also the topography of land.

Therefore we feel that it is necessary to conserve this precious natural resource. Running water of rivers may be used for irrigation by constructing a canal. Similarly, dams may to constructed to produce electricity.

Question 6.
Describe direct and indirect advantages of forests? (MP Board .2009, 2013)
Or
Mention the direct and indirect advantages of forests? (MP Board 2009)
Answer:
Direct advantages of the forests are:
1. Forest provides wood:
Wood from forests is an important fuel. Wood and cow dung produces 34.6 per cent of total power resources. They provide us Teak, Sal, Shisham, Pine, Abnoos, Sandle wood and Deodar. Wood is also used for making furniture.

2. Forests provide minor forest produce:
Forests produce a large number of minor product which are essential for industries such as lac, tanning materials, gum, honey, katha, wax, resins, bamboo, medicinal herbs, horn and hides of animals etc.

Forests provide materials for basic industries i.e., wood is useful raw material for several industries like paper, match, lac, leather, oil and herbal medicines. Small scale industries developed from the minor forest provide like tendupatta, cane, honey, wax, etc.

3. Grazing land for animals:
Forests provide natural pastures for grazing animals.

4. Employment:
About 7.8 crore people depend on forests for their livelihood. Many industries are based on raw materials from forests giving employment to crores of people.

5. Revenue generation:
Government receive crores of rupees from the forests as revenue and royalty. Presently this revenue is 670 crore rupees per annum.

Indirect advantages of the forests are:

1. Control soil erosion:
Trees firmly enclose and considerably reduce soil erosion. Trees hold the fertile top layer of the soil.

2. Control the climate:
Forest act as wind breaks which check the velocity of wind. The climate of forest area remains temperate.

3. Check floods:
Speed of water is reduced by the existence of forests. Water is reduced by the trees. The force of water is reduced by the extensive forest cover.

4. Control expansion of desert areas:
Sardar Patel said, “If expansion of deserts are to be controlled and human civilization is to be prevented then the destruction of forest wealth is to be prevented.”

Question 7.
Describe the efforts of government in forest conservation?
Answer:
In 1950 after independence, Central Forest Board was established. New forest policy was made. Its four main points were:

1. Forest area should be increased to 33.3 per cent.
2. Forestation
3. Protection of forests
4. Forestry research.

The policy was revised on 7th December 1988. The main aim of the forest policy of 1988 is protection, conservation and development of forests. Policy holds the following objectives:

1. Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological balance.
2. Conservation of natural heritage.
3. Check on soil erosion and denudation in catchment areas of river, lakes and reservoirs.

In 1990, a 20 – year National Forestry Action programme was launched to make National Forest Policy of 1988 functional. For the development of the forests following activities are taking place:

1. Establishment of Central Forest Commission.
2. Indian Forest Survey Organisation.
3. Council of Forestry Research and Education.
4. Establishment of Wood Craft Training Centre.
5. State Forest Development Corporations.
6. Indian Institute of Forest Management.

Question 8.
Why wildlife conservation is necessary? What are the measures of wildlife conservation? (MP Board, 2011)
Answer:
Depletion of forest has endangered plant and wildlife. Several species have already become extinct. In order to preserve natural habitat and protect them from becoming extinct the government has set up many programmes. There are also programmes for conservation of wetland mangroves and coral reefs under the preservation of special ecosystem.

Coral reefs are characterized by high biomass production and rich floral and faunal diversity four coral reefs have been identified for conservation and management. Periodic census of wild animals are undertaken to check the number of certain species getting reduced. The hunting of wild animals and. birds has been banned and hunters are penalised. Conservation of wildlife: Following efforts can be made to protect the wildlife:

1. Safeguarding the national habitat of the wild animals.
2. Poaching should be restricted.
3. Establishing biosphere reserves in forest areas.
4. Educating public for environmental protection at levels of education.
5. Implementation of wildlife management programmes.

Project Work

Question 1.
Prepare a plan for a geographical tour of your area and collect the following information:

1. Type of soil in your region and its characteristics.
2. Causes of soil erosion in the area.
3. What could be the measures to prevent soil erosion in that area.
4. Characteristics of soil on the basis of crops grown in that area.

Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your subject teacher.

Question 2.
Prepare a map of India and show the following:
Kaziranga, Gir, Gim, Keoladeo, Simlipal National Park, Sunderban, Ranthambore, Savisca, Manas, Corbett Tiger Project, Nilgiri, Nandadevi, Great Nicobar, Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.
Answer:
Do yourself with the help of map under the guidance of your subject teacher.

Question 3.
Visit a National Park and prepare a report on the following points:

1. Wild life
2. Habitat of wild animals.
3. Their food and methods of hunting.
4. Forest produce collected from that park.

Answer:
Do yourself with the help of your subject teacher.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Multiple Choice Questions:
(Choose the correct answer from the following)

Question (a)
Which soil variety in known a ‘regur’?
(a) Laterite soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Red soil
(d) Alluvial soil.
Answer:
(b) Black soil

Question (b)
Which of the following river is the longest one?
(a) Indus
(b) Narmada
(c) Godavari
(d) Ghagra.
Answer:
(b) Narmada

Question (c)
Indian Institute of Forest Management is in?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Kanpur
(c) Dehradoon
(d) Ahamedabad.
Answer:
(d) Ahamedabad.

Question (d)
Dachigam National Park is located in the state?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Jammu & Kashmir
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Kerala

Question (e)
Project Tiger was started in?
(a) 1971
(b) 1972
(c) 1973
(d) 1974
Answer:
(c) 1973

Question (f)
Which type of soil is found in western Ghats?
(a) Alluvial soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Laterite soil
(d) Red soil
Answer:
(a) Alluvial soil

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Petrol and coal are ………………… resources.
2. Clay soil is called ………………….. soil.
3. Deforestation is the cause of soil …………………
4. The National Forest Policy was formulated in …………………….
5. Jim Corbett National Park is located in …………………
6. Central Forest Commission is established in …………………… (MP Board 2009, Set D)
7. Ghana Bird Sanctuary is located in …………………….. (MP Board 2009, Set C)
8. All the elements which are capable of fulfilling human wants, are called ……………………..
9. Soil erosion ocwrs due to ………………… , ……………… and ………………. activities.

Answer:

1. non – renewable
2. alluvial
3. erosion
4. 1988
5. Uttarakhand
6. 1965
7. Rajasthan
8. Resources
9. water, wind, human.

Question 3.
True and False type questions:

1. Sunderlal Bahuguna was the founder of Vanmahotsava in 1950.
2. 33 per cent is the minimum criteria of the forestation as the biological balance.
3. About 47,000 species are found in India according to Zoological Survey of India.
4. In 1965, K.M. Munshi started Vanmahostsava. (MP Board 2009, Set C)
5. Gir National Park is located in Maharashtra.
6. There are 14 boisphere reserves which have been established in India.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True.

Question 5.
Match the Columns:

Answer:

1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (d)
4. (a)
5. (b)

Question 1.
What per cent of our land area is plain?
Answer:
About 43%.

Question 2.
What per cent of land is mountainous?
Answer:
About 30%.

Question 3.
What is pasture?
Answer:
Land covered with natural grasses is knows as pasture.

Question 4.
Name the most endangered species in India?
Answer:
The tiger, the rhino, the bustard and the lion.

Question 5.
Which is the first biological reserve in India?
Answer:
The first biological reserve was set up in the Nilgiries.

Question 6.
Where is the Gulf of Mannar?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu.

Question 7.
What percentage of India is covered with forests?
Answer:
About 23.3%.

Question 8.
What are the sources of surface water?
Answer:
Ponds, tanks, rivers and reservoirs, etc.

Question 9.
What do you mean by rain water harvesting?
Answer:
It simply means capturing rains where it falls.

Question 10.
What are the major sources of irrigation in India?
Answer:
Canals, Tanks, Wells and Tubewells.

Question 11.
Which elements enhance the fertility of soil?
Answer:
Fine vegetal and animal remains add to the fertility of the soil.

Question 12.
What is Bangar?
Answer:
This is the old alluvium soil spread at the outer areas of khadar.

Question 13.
Where are the elephants found in India?
Answer:
Elephants in India are found in the jungles of Assam and those of Kerala and Karnataka.

Question 14.
How many species of animals, birds and fishes are found in India?
Answer:
India has approximately 89000 species of animals, 1200 of birds and 2500 species of fishes.

Question 15.
What is the primary source of water on the earth?
Answer:
The primary source of water on earth is precipitation that comes in the forms of rain and snowfall.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the various elements of nature which contribute to evolution of soil?
Answer:
Changing temperature, running water and wind etc., contribute in the evolution of soil.

Question 2.
Which soil supports over half the Indian population?
Answer:
The alluvial soil. The new alluvium soil near the river banks or the catchment areas is called khadar.

Question 3.
What is National Park?
Answer:
It is a place where wildlife is in their natural setting. It is a place where animals mpve freely. Food for the animals is provided by animals themselves.

Question 4.
What do you mean by hydro – electricity?
Answer:
The electricity derived from the running or falling water. It is one of the neatest, cheapest and pollution free form of energy.

Question 5.
What are the types of forests according to administration?
Answer:
On the basis of administration, forests are classified into three types:

1. Reserved Forests
2. Protected Forests
3. Unclassified Forests.

Question 6.
What are the main causes of growing scarcity of water?
Answer:
Main causes of growing scarcity of water are:

1. Rapidly growing population.
2. Rising demand for. food and cash crops.
3. Increasing urbanisaffon and rising standard of living.

Question 7.
What is Humus?
Answer:
Deposited organic matter of plants and animals is called humus. It is found in top soil and helps in making soil fertile.

Question 8.
Define weathering?
Answer:
Disintegration of rocks on the earth surface due to weathering.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write any four characteristics of black soil?
Answer:
Black soil is also known as Regur soil. It is:

1. most suitable for the cultivation of cotton.
2. made up of extremely fine material.
3. known for its capacity to hold moisture.
4. rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime.

Question 2.
Why should we increase the land under forest?
Answer:
India has only 19 per cent of forest cover out its total land area. It is far below the scientific norms which prescribes minimum availability of forest to be 33 per cent. The forest area in India must therefore be increased to maintain ecological balance and absorption of carbon dioxide. The forests help us to preserve the wild ‘life. They cause precipitation and help us in decreasing the possibility of droughts. Forests regulate the flow of river water.

Question 3.
Write the main differences between Khadar soil and Bangar soil?
Answer:
Khadar Soil:

1. This is the new alluvial soil deposited by the rivers in the northern plains. The new alluvial soil deposited at the bank of rivers is locally kndwn as khadar.
2. This is very fertile land and the soil contains adequate amount of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. This has fine particles.

Bangar Soil:

1. This is the old alluvial soil ‘ deposited by the rivers in the northern plains. The old alluvial soil which is deposited beyond the new alluvium is locally called bangar in the norhtern plains.
2. This is also fertile soil but not as fertile as the Khadar is. This old alluvium often contains kankar nodules with- calcium carbonate in sub soil.

Question 4.
What is bio – reserve?
Answer:
Efforts are being made on the basis of specific regions to protect and preserve every plant and animal species found in India so that this natural heritage can be transmitted to the future. This concept is known as bio – reserve. Till now there are 14 bio – reserves have been established in India. Nilgiri of Kerala is one of them.

Question 5.
Differentiate between surface water and ground water resources?
Answer:
Surface Water:

1. Surface water is the volume of water present over the surface of the earth whether in the stationary state or the running state.
2. The volume of water on the surface changes with the change in the seasons and weather conditions.
3. The surface water can be used by constructing dams and canals etc.

Ground Water:

1. The underground water is the volume of water present below the earth surface whether in the stationary state or the running state.
2. The volume of underground water also depends on the amount of water received on the surface and at the same time, the amount of underground water utilized.
3. The undergournd water is widely used for drinking and irrigation through well and tube- wells.

Question 6.
Explain the agents of soil formation?
Answer:
Soil is a renewable resource. It takes hundreds of years in the formation of one centimetre thick layer of soil. Plain surface is best for the formation of soil because least problems are created here during the formation. There are different factors which help in formation of soil e.g., parent rocks and topography, climatic conditions which helps in weathering of rocks, plants, animals and there remains.

Question 7.
Write five steps for conervation of wild life?
Answer:

1. Safeguarding the national habital of the wild animals.
2. Hunting of wild animals should be restricted.
3. Establishing Biosphere Reserves in forest areas.
4. Educating public for environmental protection at levels of education.
5. Implementation of wildlife management programmes.

MP Board Class 10th Social Science Chapter 1 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the concept of soil conservation. Outline the measures of soil conservation?
Answer:
Conservation of Soil. Soil is the most important resource to support human life. The soil on which we depend so much for our survival has evolved over thousands and thousands of years. It is therefore necessary to conserve this resource to enable people to produce a variety of crops.

What is needed to day is the scientific management of soil, their proper conservation, avoidance of their erosion and maintainence of their fertility through organic and bio manures.

Soil erosion is one single factor which cause great harm to our agricultural productivity. Secondly, salinity and alkalinity has also spoiled the fertility of the soil in India. Running water and wind have been causing regular soil erosion. So, conservation is necessary to ensure sustained productivity of land.
The soil can be conserved by adopting the following measures:

1. Aforestation and a ban on blind deforestation.

2. Contour Ploughing:
It is the method by which field are ploughed, harrowed and sown along the contours instead of up and down the slopes.

3. Terracing:
This means making a series of winding steps on mountain slope.

4. Strip Cropping:
Cover crop such as grasses and small grains are planted alternately with cultivated crops. Cover crops absorb moisture and hold the soil together.

5. Stopping clearance of forests on a large scale.

6. Preventing overgrazing.

7. Construction of bunds.

Question 2.
How are forests useful to man?
Answer:
The economical uses of forests are as follows:

1. Forests maintain environmental stability, ecological balance for the existence of all life forms.
2. They provide timber and fuel wood. Soft wood is used in furniture, packages, and also other building materials.
3. Pulp is made from soft wood and is used in paper making.
4. Forest provide many things to meet our food requirements like wild fruits, nuts, berries, etc. Many tribes are dependent on gathering of these products in forests.
5. They modify climatic conditions and bring better rainfall in the area.
6. They reduce wind force and reduce air temperature during summer which have a positive effect on the overall environment.
7. They add to the forest floor large quantities of leaves, twigs and branches, which after decomposition form humus. This increases the fertility of soil.

Question 1.
Show distribution of soil on a outline map of India?
Answer:

Question 2.
Show Wildlife and Biosphere Reserves on a outline map of India?
Answer:

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Model Question Paper

Directions:
Write the correct options to the following questions. Each questions carries 2 marks

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Paper Question 1.
When did British Parliament passed Regulation Act?
(a) 1750
(b) 1773
(c) 1857
(d) 1940
Answer:
(b) 1773

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Paper English Medium Question 2.
Who founded Bramho Samaj in 1828?
(a) Swami Dayananda Saraswati
(b) Rajaram Mohan Ray
(c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(d) Keshava Chandra Sen
Answer:
(b) Rajaram Mohan Ray

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Paper 2023 English Medium Question 3.
How many Indian languages have been notified in the constitution?
(a) 14
(b) 18
(c) 22
(d) 26
Answer:
(c) 22

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Paper 2023 Question 4.
Which factors are important in the fertility of soil?
(a) original rock materials
(b) Humans
(c) Climate
(d) Man
Answer:
(b) Humans

MP Board Class 8 Previous Year Question Paper Question 5.
Which of the following are not degradable wastes?
(a) Vegetables
(b) Fruits
(c) Paper
(d) Polythene bags
Answer:
(d) Polythene bags

6. Fill in the blanks:

1. Lord Dalhousie followed the policy of …………… for empire expansion.
2. In 1876 the minimum age for appearing in civil services were reduced to ……………
3. Twisted fibre is known as ………………
4. In Sial, Silica and …………….. metals are prominent.
5. The best quality of wool in Australia is obtained from ……………… sheep.

Answer:

1. lapse
2. 19
3. yam
4. aluminium
5. Marino.

Directions:
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences. Each question carries 3 marks.

Pariksha Adhyayan Class 8 Social Science Question 7.
Write the two reasons of British success in India.
Answer:

The two reasons of British success in India are:

1. The reason of British success was their light, small arms and well trained forces.
2. Indian states were not united. The rulers of there states were weak and haughty. They indulged in luxury.

Class 8th So.Science MP Board Question 8.
What is sustainable farming?
Answer:
This kind of agriculture is practiced to meet the local requirements. The products are consumed within the area where these are produced.

Class 8 MP Board Previous Year Question Paper Question 9.
Write any two objectives of the U.N.
Answer:
The two objectives of the U.N. are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, to do joint effort to clear the hurdle in die way of peace.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the equal rights and self-determination of peoples.

MP Board Class 8 Social Science Paper Hindi Medium Question 10.
What is glacial rock?
Answer:
When the glacier metals, it starts depositing its sediments in different parts of the valley. The landform made by such deposition is called glacial rock or Moraines.

MP Board Ncert Class 8 Social Science Question 11.
What are Contours?
Answer:
Contour:
A contour is an imaginary line drawn on a map which joins the points of the same height above sea-level. Contours are the most accurate and common form of showing the landforms.

Directions:
Answer the following questions in 40-50 words. Each question carries 5 marks.

Question Bank Class 8 MP Board English Medium Question 12.
Mention three works for society and culture done by Arya Samaj.
Answer:
Three works done for society and culture by Arya Samaj are:

1. Arya Samaj encouraged widow remarriage.
2. Arya Samaj opposed child marriage.
3. The main contribution of Arya Samaj for society was to spread education. Through the efforts of the Arya Samaj, a network of schools and colleges for boys and girls was established in northern India to promote education.

Social Science Class 8 MP Board Question 13.
What were the objectives of Muslim League?
Answer:
The objectives of Muslim League were:

1. To espouse die feeling of loyalty among Muslims towards British Government.
2. To announce the interests and rights of Indian Muslims and put up their aspirations and hopes before government.
3. Maintaining the goal of league, to remove any anti-feeling against any community.

Class 8th Previous Year Paper MP Board Question 14.
Write the meaning of Adult Franchise.
Answer:
Every citizen of India who has attained the age of 18 has the right to vote. This right without any bias of gender, class, caste or religion is available to all. It is called adult Franchise.

So Science Class 8 MP Board Question 15.
What is the difference between a fold and a rift?
Answer:
Folding:
The horizon land movement in earth causes wave like bends in rocks. Such 79 Prairies the temperate grasslands are the natural vegetation of central lowlands while shrubs, cactus and other varieties of thorny bushes are found in the desert areas of this great country.
Or
Pantagonia plateau is in the southern region of eastern high lands of South America. The Pantagonia plateau having no rains is dry desert. It is older than Anderes mountain.

Class 8 Sst Question Paper Question 18.
Describe the climate of Australia. Or Where and why grapes are grown in Australia?
Answer:
1. As Australia lies in the southern Himisphere, season of Australia are opposite to the those of the Northern Himisphere. The rains mainly occur due to south-east trade winds in Australia. East mountain region gets heavy rains white the Central and Western parts remain dry.

2. Western Australia gets scanty rain so there is vast desert. In the north coast by trade winds and southern coasts and Tasmania island gets rain by western winds.
Or
While in south grapes are grown in abundance in Australia. The wine made of grapes is exported. The region’s climate is suitable for grapes growth.

Class 8 MP Board Previous Year Question Paper English Medium Question 19.
What was the impact of Home Rule Movements on Indian Politics? Or Write note on ‘Quilt India Movement’?
Answer:
1. In the month of April in 1916 Bal Gangadhar Tilak and in September 1916 Annie Besant founded Indian Home Rule League respectively and both aimed at achieving die self-governance for Indians. Bipin Chandra Pal wrote the major achievement of the Home Rule Movement was the making of fighters for the nationalist movement.

2. Tilak and Besant both popularized the Home Rule Movement. Their oratory skills influenced the masses and the restless British govt, followed oppressive measures to curb the influence of two leaders. The British oppressed the nationalists rudely.
Or
1. In May, 1942, Gandhiji started a movement which is known as ‘Quit India Movement’. Through this movement, the people of India asked the Britishers to leave India immediately. As soon as Gandhiji started this movement, a large number of people extended their co-operation. As a result of the movement, the British Government arrested many Congress leaders including Gandhiji and declared Indian National Congress illegal.

2. On this,the Indians rose in open rebellion against the Britishers. They set fire to many police stations, destroyed post offices, Railway stations and other Government buildings. At this, thousands of people were arrested and while the other thousands were shot dead.

MP Board Class 8 Social Science English Medium Question 20.
Write the role of Indian army in peace time? Or Give the reasons of difference between India and Pakistan?
Answer:
1. Besides defence of the country, from aggression, the defence forces are also employed a number of other ways for the service of the Community, such as the time of floods, earthquakes or other natural Calamities.

2. They have also assisted the UN in peace keeping activities in different countries of the world for example our forces have renders admirable services in Koren Gargi strip, Lebanon, Congo, Yemen and other places.
Or
1. Kashmir issue is the main dispute between India and Pakistan attacked India four times on this issue but right from the start, India’s policy is to settle our disputes through peaceful talks. All the four attacks were aimed to establish control over Kashmir but Indian forces failed all the four evil design of effectively.

2. The second issue is that Pakistan provides military, gives aid and helps to the terrorists with arms. Many terrorists of India get patronage in Pakistan. India does not like these activities done by Pakistan.

MP Board Class 8th Social Science Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Special English Solutions Revision Exercises 1

Comprehension

Class 7 English Revision Exercise 1 Question 1.
Write the central idea of the poem ’My Land’.
Answer:
The poet is all praise for his motherland. He would feel pride in serving and defending her.

MP Board Class 7th English Revision Exercise 1 Question 2.
How does a dictionary help us?
Answer:
A dictionary helps us in looking up the correct spellings of the words.

Class 7th English Revision Exercise 1 Question 3.
Where was the merchant going one day?
Answer:
He (the merchant) was going to a town one day.

Class 7 English Revision Exercise 2 Question 4.
What fell into the princess’ eye?
Answer:
The train of camels fell (right) into the princess’s eye.

Class 8 English Revision Exercise 1 Question 5.
How did the farmer make the\merchant pay him up?
A As.
Farmer framed the story cleverly to make the merchant pay him.

MP Board Solution Class 7 English Medium Question 6.
Whom did the lion appoint as his Courtiers and why?
Answer:
The lion appointed the crow, the fox and the leopard as his courtiers. He did so for the following reasons. The fox was wise and clever. The leopard was alert and swift-footed. The crow could fly high.

MP Board Solution Class 7th English Question 7.
Why did the three advisers smile mysteriously?
Answer:
The lion and the three advisers were tired and hungry. They looked at the camel intently. Then they looked at each other. With their looks they planned to entrap the camel. Therefore, they smiled mysteriously.

Class 4th English Revision Exercise 1 Question 8.
What was the problem that the great emperor Akbar was not able to solve?
Answer:
Akbar drew a line on a piece of paper. The problem that the great emperor Akbar was not able to solve was how to make the line short.

Class 8 English Revision Exercise 1 Hindi Medium Question 9.
What was the day fixed to fetch the horse?
Answer:
Any other day than the week days was fixed to fetch the horse.

MP Board Class 7th English Revision Exercise 2 Question 10.
What does the wasp ask the bee?
Answer:
The wasp asks the bee why the people love her better than him.

Word Power

A. Write the meaning and make sentences of the words given below:

Answer:

B. Give one word for the following:

1. A person who is kept in a prison…….
2. A person who advises………..
3. A person who buys and sells goods in large quantities……….
4. One who remains faithful …………
5. An area full of sand …………..

Answer:

1. Prisoner
2. Adviser
3. Whole seller
4. Loyal
5. Desert

Grammar in use

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:

1. The members …………this family are.
2. Very fond ………… watching.
3. TV ………… night.
4. They love ………… watch all the serials.
5. Which are telecast ……….. various channels.

Answer:

1. of
2. of
3. at
4. to
5. on

B. Fill in the following blank spaces a, an, the as required:

1. English is not ………… easy language.
2. He is ………. cleverest boy in ………… class.
3. She is ……….. old woman of ninety.
4. The train was ………… hour late.
5. I saw ……………. cat, ……….. cow and ………… horse.

Answer:

1. an
2. the, the
3. an
4. an
5. a, a, a

Let’s Write

1. You are Reena Mishra. Your sister is getting married next month. Write an invitation to your friend asking her to come at least for a week before so that she can enjoy all the programmes of marriage.
2. Write one funny incident of your life.
3. Write a paragraph on My Mother Land.
4. Write a letter to your friend describing your visit to a hill station.
5. Write a paragraph on good manners.
Answer:
1. Invitation of friend on sister’s marriage.

F-4, Dr. R.P. Colony,
Gwalior.
Dated 8th June, 2006

My Dear Ram Lai,
You will be glad to know that my sister’s marriage ceremony comes off next month. The marriage party will come from Delhi. I am inviting you to my sister’s marriage. You must come at least a week before it. I have invited some other friends also. But I need you most, because of your experience. You can also enjoy all the programmes of marriage. All the things will be bought in your presence. Please do come. More when we meet.

Yours ever,
Reena Mishra

2. A Funny Incident of My Life :

Life is full of incidents. Some incidents are happy. Others are sad or even funny. One day I received a telegram. Its message was ‘your dear friend Hari has met with a serious accident’. Come soon to Dayal Nursing Home where he is breathing his last. I hired a three wheeler and started for Najafgarh. I was about to enter the Nursing Home when my friend called me. He asked me in which ward my father was admitted. I could understand nothing. He showed me a telegram. The message of his telegram was-your friend will come to visit his father in Nursing Home at 4 p.m. today, please reach there and meet him. Later, we realised that it was the 1st April day.

3. My Mother Land

Read the Summary of the poem ‘My Land’.

4. Letter to friend describing your visit to a hill station.

476-L Model Town,
Ludhiana.
17th July, 2006

Dear Madhuri
I have returned from Simla. Being sick of the heat of Delhi, I had gone to Simla in the first week of June. It is, you know the best hill-station. It has various picnic spots such as Jakhu, Prospects Hill, Glenn, Chedwich Falls etc.
We used to go to the Mall every night and enjoyed the scenic beauty of hills. Warm clothes and umbrellas were used every day there was greenery all around. It was very pleasant to be in bed with blankets in June. The Mall and the Ridge gave the impression of fashion parade. We visited the Hanuman Mandir on every Tuesday.
Rest when we meet with love.

Yours sincerely,
Manoj Kaushik

5. Good Manners :

Good manners are taught to us by our parents, teachers and elders. We show good manners by what we say and the way we say it. Good manners are also expressed by the way we behave and conduct ourselves. Being polite and considerate is good manners. Being rude and arrogant in our words and deeds shows bad manners. Similarly, being quarrelsome and argumentative is bad manners.

Speaking softly and gently is good manners. If a person shouts it is bad manners. Using abusive and offensive language is also bad manners. It is good manners to use appropriate language at all times. One who uses words like thank you, sorry, pardon and welcome in an appropriate way shows good manners.

People around us are friendly with us and appreciate us if we are good mannered. If we are good mannered we can live a life of peace, harmony and good cheer.

MP Board Class 7th English Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Solutions Surbhi Chapter 11 अस्माकं प्रदेशः

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Chapter 11 अभ्यासः

Class 6 Sanskrit Chapter 11 Asmakam Pradesh प्रश्न 1.
एकपदेन उत्तरं लिखत (एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखो)
(क) भारतस्य मध्ये कः प्रदेशः अस्ति? (भारत के मध्य में कौन-सा प्रदेश है?)
उत्तर:
मध्यप्रदेश

(ख) मध्यप्रदेशस्य मध्यभागे का नदी प्रवहति? (मध्यप्रदेश के मध्य भाग में कौन-सी नदी बहती है?)
उत्तर:
नर्मदा नदी

(ग) नर्मदायाः उत्तरदिशि कः पर्वतः अस्ति? (नर्मदा की उत्तर दिशा में कौन-सा पर्वत है?)
उत्तर:
विन्ध्याचल माला

(घ) सतपुड़ापर्वतः नर्मदायाः कस्यां दिशि स्थितः? (सतपुड़ा पर्वत नर्मदा के किस दिशा में स्थित है?)
उत्तर:
दक्षिणदिशि (दक्षिण दिशा में)।

MP Board Class 6 Sanskrit Chapter 11 प्रश्न 2.
एकवाक्येन उत्तरं लिखत (एक वाक्य में उत्तर लिखो)
(क) मध्यप्रदेश: कुत्र विराजते? (मध्यप्रदेश कहाँ विराजमान है?)
उत्तर:
मध्यप्रदेश: भारत देशस्य मध्यभागे विराजते। (मध्यप्रदेश भारत देश के मध्य भाग में विराजमान है।)

(ख) अस्माकं प्रदेशस्य राजधानी का अस्ति? (हमारे प्रदेश की राजधानी कहाँ है?)
उत्तर:
अस्माकं प्रदेशस्य राजधानी भोपालनगरम् अस्ति। (हमारे प्रदेश की राजधानी भोपाल नगर है।)

(ग) मध्यप्रदेशस्य कस्मिन् मण्डले हीरकरत्नानि प्राप्यन्ते? (मध्यप्रदेश के किस मण्डल में रत्न प्राप्त होते हैं?)
उत्तर:
मध्य प्रदेशस्य पन्ना मण्डले रत्नानि मिलन्ति। (मध्य प्रदेश के पन्ना मण्डल में रत्न मिलते हैं।)

(घ) वनवासिनः कुत्र विचरन्ति? (वनवासी कहाँ विचरण करते हैं?)
उत्तर:
वनवासिनः वनेषु विचरन्ति। (वनवासी लोग वनों में विचरण करते हैं।)

(ङ) मध्यप्रदेशस्य राष्ट्रियानाम् उद्यानानां नामनि लिखत। (मध्यप्रदेश के राष्ट्रीय उद्यानों के नाम लिखो।)
उत्तर:
मध्यप्रदेश-माधवोद्यानम् कान्हाकिसली, बान्धवगढ़, इत्यादीनि राष्ट्रीयानि उद्यानानि सन्ति। (मध्यप्रदेश के-माधवोद्यान, कान्हाकिसली, बान्धव गढ़, इत्यादि राष्ट्रीय उद्यान हैं।)

Class 6 Sanskrit Chapter 11 MP Board प्रश्न 3.
रिक्तस्थानं पूरयत (रिक्त स्थानों को भरो)
(क) नर्मदायाः उत्तरदिशि………. पर्वतमाला अस्ति।
(ख) मध्यप्रदेशस्य ……….. अंशः वनेन आवृत्तः।
(ग) उज्जयिनी ……….. नगरी।
(घ) भोपालनगरं मध्यप्रदेशस्य ………. अस्ति।
(ङ) भीमबैटका स्थले ………. प्राचीनतमानि चित्राणि सन्ति।
उत्तर:
(क) विन्ध्य
(ख) तृतीयः
(ग) महाकालस्य
(घ) राजधानी
(ङ) शैलगुहासु।

Class 6 Sanskrit Chapter 11 Pdf प्रश्न 4.
उचितपदेन संयोजयत (उचित शब्दों से जोड़िए)

उत्तर:
(क) → 4
(ख) → 1
(ग) → 5
(घ) → 3
(ङ) → 2

योग्यताविस्तारः
1. सस्वरं पाठं कृत्या कण्ठस्थं कुरुत-(सस्वर पाठ करते हुए कण्ठाग्र करो)
वन्दे सदा स्वदेशं, एतादृशं स्वदेशम्।
गङ्गा पुनीतभालं, वन्दे सदा स्वदेशम्।
वन्दे ध्वजत्रिवर्णं, वन्दे स्वतन्त्रदेशम।
वन्दे सदा स्वदेशं, एतादृशं स्वदेशम्।

नोट :
पाठ में गलती नहीं होनी चाहिए।

2. मध्यप्रदेशस्य दर्शनीयस्थलानां सूची निर्माय तेषां चित्राणां संग्रहं कुरुत। (मध्यप्रदेश के दर्शनीय स्थलों की सूची बनाइए तथा उनके चित्रों का संग्रह कीजिए।)
उत्तर:
मध्यप्रदेश के दर्शनीय स्थल निम्नलिखित हैं-

1. भोपाल नगरम्
2. इन्दौरनगरम्
3. उज्जयिनीनगरम्
4. जबलपुर नगरम्
5. महेश्वर
6. मण्डलेश्वरम्
7. ओऽमकारेश्वरम्
8. नेयावरं
9. मैहर नगर स्थित देवी शारदा मन्दिर
10. ताजुल मस्जिद
11. भीमबैटका
12. खजुराहो मन्दिर
13. साँची स्तूप
14. राष्ट्रीय उद्यानमाधवोद्यान, कान्हा, किसली, बान्धवगढ़
15. इत्यादि।

अस्माकं प्रदेशः हिन्दी अनुवाद

(शिक्षकः कक्षायां प्रविशति मानचित्रं भित्तिकायां स्थापयित्वा दर्शयति)

शिक्षकः :
भो छात्राः! किम् एतद्?

छात्रा: :
एतद् मानचित्रम्?

शिक्षकः
मोहन! मानचित्रे किं प्रदर्शितम्?

मोहन: :
मानचित्रे भारतदेशस्य रूपं प्रदर्शितम्।

शिक्षकः :
भारतदेशस्य मध्यभागे कः प्रदेशः दृश्यते?

छात्रा: :
भारतदेशस्य मध्यभागे मध्यप्रदेशः तथैव दृश्यते यथा शरीरस्य मध्यभागे हृदयं दृश्यते।

शिक्षकः :
माले! मध्यप्रदेशस्य मध्यभागे का नदी प्रवहति?

माला :
मध्यप्रदेशस्य मध्यभागे नर्मदा नदी अस्य मेखला इव प्रवहति।

शिक्षकः :
सुरेश! नर्मदायाः उत्तरदक्षिणदिशो किं दृश्यते?

सुरेशः :
नर्मदायाः उत्तरदिशि विन्ध्याचलमाला, दक्षिणदिशि सतपुड़ा पर्वतमाला च दृश्यते।

अनुवाद :
(शिक्षक कक्षा में प्रवेश करता है, मानचित्र को दीवार पर टाँगकर दिखाता है।)

शिक्षक :
हे छात्र! यह क्या है?

छात्र :
यह मानचित्र है।

शिक्षक :
मोहन! मानचित्र में क्या दिखाया गया है?

मोहन :
मानचित्र में भारत देश का रूप प्रदर्शित किया गया है।

शिक्षक :
भारत देश के मध्य भाग में कौन सा प्रदेश दिखाई पड़ता है।

छात्र :
भारत देश के मध्यभाग में मध्यप्रदेश उसी तरह दिखता है जैसे शरीर के मध्यभाग में हृदय दिखाई पड़ता है।

शिक्षक :
हे माला! मध्य प्रदेश के मध्य भाग में कौन-सी नदी बहती है?

माला :
मध्यप्रदेश के मध्य भाग में नर्मदा नदी इसकी मेखला (करधनी) की भाँति बहती है।

शिक्षक :
हे सुरेश! नर्मदा के उत्तर दक्षिण आदि दिशाओं में क्या दिखाई पड़ता है?

सुरेश :
नर्मदा की उत्तरदिशा में विन्ध्या पर्वतमाला और दक्षिण दिशा में सतपुड़ा पर्वतमाला दिखाई पड़ती है।

विवेकः :
आर्य! भोपालनगरे अपि विन्ध्याचलः सतपुड़ा च स्तः?

शिक्षकः :
सत्यम्। भोपालनगरे विन्ध्याचल: सतपुड़ा इति च द्वे प्रमुखे शासकीयभवने स्तः।

सुधा :
महोदय! मध्यप्रदेशस्य गठनं कदा अभवत्?

शिक्षक :
मध्यप्रदेशस्यः गठनम् १९५६ तमे ख्रिस्ताब्दे, नवम्बर मासस्य प्रथम दिनाङ्के अभवत्।

सुरेशः :
महोदय! अस्माकं प्रदेशे कति महानगराणि सन्ति?

शिक्षकः :
भोपालम् अस्माकं प्रदेशस्य राजधानी। इन्दौर, ग्वालियर, जबलपुर प्रभृतीनि महानगराणि सन्ति।

माला :
उज्जयिनी कथं प्रसिद्धा?

शिक्षकः :
उज्जयिनी महाकालस्य नगरी। महाकाल: द्वादशज्योतिर्लिङ्गेषु एकः अस्ति।

अनुवाद :
विवेक :
आर्य! क्या भोपाल नगर में भी विन्ध्याचल और सतपुड़ा हैं?

शिक्षक :
ठीक है। भोपालनगर में विन्ध्याचल और सतपुड़ा दो प्रमुख शासकीय भवन हैं।

सुधा :
महोदय-मध्यप्रदेश का गठन कब हुआ था?

शिक्षक :
मध्यप्रदेश का गठन सन् १९५६ ई. में, नवम्बर महीने की पहली तारीख को हुआ।

सुरेशः :
हे महोदय! हमारे प्रदेश में कितने महानगर हैं?

शिक्षक :
भोपाल हमारे प्रदेश की राजधानी है। इन्दौर, ग्वालियर, जबलपुर इत्यादि महानगर हैं।

माला :
उज्जयिनी किसलिए प्रसिद्ध है।

शिक्षक :
उज्जयिनी महाकाल की नगरी है। महाकाल बारह ज्योतिर्लिङ्गों में से एक है।

राघवः :
प्रदेशे कानि दर्शनीयानि स्थलानि सन्ति ? तेषां का विशेषता ?

शिक्षकः :
महेश्वरं, मण्डलेश्वरम्, ओंकारेश्वरं, नेमावरं इत्यादीनि नर्मदातीरे स्थितानि धार्मिकस्थलानि अपि मध्यप्रदेशे सन्ति। मैहरनगरेस्थितं देव्या:शारदायाः मन्दिरम् अपि अति प्रसिद्धम्। भोपालस्थितं “ताजुलमस्जिद” इति यवनानां धार्मिकस्थलम् अपि प्रसिद्धम्। भीमबैटका स्थले शैलगुहासु प्राचीनतमानि चित्राणि सन्ति। खजुराहो मन्दिराणि मूर्तिकलार्थं प्रसिद्धानि। साँचीस्थितः स्तूपः बौद्धानां धार्मिक स्मारकः।

अनुवाद :
राघव-प्रदेश में कौन-से दर्शनीय स्थल हैं ? उनकी क्या विशेषता है?

शिक्षक :
महेश्वर, मण्डलेश्वर, ओउम्कारेश्वर, नेमावरम् इत्यादि नर्मदा नदी के किनारे स्थित धार्मिक स्थल भी मध्य प्रदेश में हैं। मैहर नगर में स्थित देवी शारदा का मन्दिर भी अत्यन्त प्रसिद्ध है। भोपाल में स्थित ‘ताजुलमस्जिद’ नाम यवनों का (मुसलमानों का) धार्मिक स्थल भी प्रसिद्ध है। भीमबैटका’ स्थल पर पर्वत की गुफाओं में बहुत प्राचीन चित्र हैं। ‘खजुराहो’ के मन्दिर मूर्तिकला के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं। साँची में स्थित स्तूप बौद्धों के धार्मिक स्मारक हैं।

रमण: :
मध्यप्रदेशे कानि राष्ट्रियानि उद्यानानि सन्ति?

शिक्षकः :
मध्यप्रदेशस्य तृतीयांशः वनेन आवृतः। माधवोद्यानं, कान्हाकिसली, बान्धवगढ़ः इत्यादीनि राष्ट्रियानि उद्यानानि सन्ति। वनरक्षणे वनवासिनां विशेष योगदानम् अस्ति। एते जनाः वनेष निर्भयं विचरन्ति।

सविता :
प्रदेशे कानि पर्यटनस्थलानि सन्ति?

शिक्षकः :
अस्माकं प्रदेशे सतपुड़ा पर्वतश्रेण्यां पचमढ़ी’ नामक पर्यटनस्थलम् अस्ति। तत्र जनाः स्वास्थ्य लाभार्थम् अपि गच्छन्ति।

गिरिजा :
मध्यप्रदेशे खनिजसम्पदा अपि अस्ति?

शिक्षकः :
सत्यम्। मध्यप्रदेशे पन्नामण्डलं हीरकरत्नानां खनिभूमिः। लौहः अल्यूमीनियं प्रभृति खनिजाः अपि उद्योगानाम् आधारभूताः।
राष्ट्रजीवने मध्यप्रदेशः महत्वपूर्णः, उक्तं च-
“जयतु जयतु भुवि भारतदेशे सुखदो मध्यप्रदेशः।”

अनुवाद :
रमण :
मध्यप्रदेश में कौन-से राष्ट्रीय उद्यान हैं?

शिक्षक :
मध्यप्रदेश का तीसरा भाग वन से ढका हुआ है। माधवोद्यान, कान्हा किसली, बान्धवगढ़ इत्यादि राष्ट्रीय उद्यान हैं। वनरक्षण में (वन की रक्षा करने में) वनवासियों का विशेष योगदान है। ये लोग वनों में निर्भय (निडर) होकर विचरण करते हैं।

सविता :
प्रदेश में कौन-से पर्यटन स्थल हैं?

शिक्षक :
हमारे प्रदेश में सतपुड़ा की पर्वत श्रेणी में ‘पचमढ़ी’ नामक पर्यटन स्थल है। वहाँ लोग स्वास्थ्य लाभ के लिए भी जाते हैं।

गिरिजा :
मध्य प्रदेश में खनिज सम्पत्ति भी है।

शिक्षक :
ठीक है। मध्यप्रदेश के पन्ना मण्डल में ‘हीरे’ रत्नों की खान की भूमि है। लोहा, अल्यूमीनियम में मध्य प्रदेश महत्वपूर्ण है और कहा गया है-
पृथ्वी पर उस भारत देश की जय हो, जय हो, जहाँ पर सुखदायी मध्य प्रदेश है।

अस्माकं प्रदेशः शब्दार्थाः

मेखला = करधनी। विराजते = शोभायमान है। शैलगुहासु = पर्वत की गुफाओं में। वनेचराः = वन में रहने वाले। भुवि = भूमि में। खनिभूमिः = खनिज भूमि। प्रवहति = बहती है। आवृत्तः = ढका हुआ।

MP Board Class 6th Sanskrit Solutions

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts Intext Questions

MP Board Class 7th Science Chapter 5 Question 1.
Can I taste all substances to find their taste?
Answer:
No, we should not taste unknown substances. They could harm us.

MP Board Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question 2.
I am not getting the same result when using solid baking soda on dry litmus paper. Why?
Answer:
Make a solution of baking soda and then try.

Activities
Activity 1
Let us recall tastes of some edible substances listed in table. If you have not tasted any of these substances taste it now and enter the result in the given table.
Answer:

Activity 2
Mix some water with lemon juice in a plastic cup/ tumbler/ test tube. Put a drop of the above solution on a strip of the red litmus paper with the help of a dropper.

• Is there any change in colour.
• Repeat the same exercise with the blue litmus paper.
• Note down if there is any change in colour.

Perform the same activity with the following substances:
Tap water, detergent solution, aerated drink, soap solution, shampoo, common salt solution, sugar solution, vinegar, baking soda solution, milk of magnesia, washing soda solution, lime water. If possible make solutions in distilled water. Record your observations as in table.
Answer:

Activity 3
Take a tablespoonful of turmeric powder. Add a little water and make a paste.
Make turmeric paper by depositing turmeric paste on blotting paper/filter paper and drying it. Cut thin strips of the yellow paper obtained.

• Put a drop of soap solution on the strip of turmeric paper.
• What do you observe
• Similarly test the solutions listed in table and note down your observations.

Answer:
The turmeric turns red.

Acitivity 4
Collect some China rose (Gudhal) petals and place them in a beaker. Add some warm water. Keep the mixture for some time till water becomes coloured. Use the coloured water as an indicator. Add five drops of the indicator to each of the solutions given in table:

Acids, Bases and Salts Text book Exercises

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 MP Board Question 1.
State ditterences between acids and bases?
Answer:
Differences between acids and bases:
Acids:

1. Acids are substances which contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms.
2. All acids are sour in taste.
3. All acids turn blue litmus red.
4. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen.
5. Acids react with metal to form salts and release hydrogen gas.

Bases:

1. Bases are substances which have one or more replaceable hydroxyl group (OH).
2. Bases are bitter in taste and slippry in touch.
3. Bases turn red litmus blue.
4. Bases are compound which have hydroxyl group.
5. Bases react with acids to form salts.

Common Salt Taste Question 2.
Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?
Answer:
Basic.

Table 5.1 Class 7 Science Question 3.
Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?
Answer:
Litmus solution is extracted from lichens. It is used as indicator.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.4 Solutions Question 4.
Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
Answer:
The distilled water is neutral.

Put a drop of distilled water on a strip of the red litmus paper with the help of a droper. We observe that colour of the litmus paper is not change. The solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are knwon as neutral solutions. These substances are neither acidic nor basic.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.2 Solutions Question 5.
Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example?
Answer:
The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Example: Following reaction:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) → Sodium chloride (NaCl) + Water (H₂O)

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Question 6.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:

1. Nitric acid turn red litmus blue. (T/F)
2. Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (T/F)
3. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
4. Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T/F)
5. Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)

Answer:

1. False (F)
2. False (F)
3. True (T)
4. True (T)
5. False (F).

Class 7 Science Table 5.5 Question 7.
Dorji has a few bottles of soft drink in his restaurant. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled. He has to serve tire drinks on the demand of customers. One customer wants acidic drind, another wants basic and third one wants neutral drink. How will Dorji decide which drink is to be served to whom?
Answer:

1. He can decide by the use of indicator.
2. It the sample of drink turns red litmus blue, it is basic. It it turns blue litmus red, it is acidic.
3. It it does not effect litmus, then it is neutral.

Table 5.2 Class 7 Science Question 8.
Explain why?

1. An antacid tablet is taken when you suffer from acidity.
2. Calamine solution is applied on the skin when an ant bites.
3. Factory waste is neutralised before disposing it into the water bodies.

Answer:
1. Our stomach contains hydrachloric acid. It help us to digest food. But too mcuh of acid in the stomach causes indigestion. Sometimes indigestion is painful. To relieve indigestion, we take an antacid such as milk of magnesia, which contains magnesium hydroxide. It neutralises the effect of excessive acid.

2. Ant injects an acid (i.e., formic acid) during bite which cavses the burning sensation. Calamine solution is basic in nature. It neutralises the acid and relives us from the pain.

3. Factory wastes contain both acidic and basic substances. If they are allowed to flaw into the water bodies, they are harmful for orgainsms living in water. So the factory wastes are neutralised by adding basic substances.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question 9.
Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid, another is sodium hydroxide and third is a sugar solution. How will you identify them? You have only turmeric indicator.
Answer:
Turmeric solution turns red in contact with bases. It is not affected by acids and neutral substances. So, first we will identify the base.

Now, the base is taken and turmeric is added. It will turn red. Then, one of the solutions is added to it gradually. If the solution turns yellow again, the added liquid is hydrochloric acid because it neutralises the base. Otherwise the added liquid is sugar solution.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.5 Solutions Question 10.
Blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains blue. What is the nature of the solution? Explain.
Answer:
The nature of the solution is neutral, because the solutions which do not change the colour of either red or blue litmus are known as neutral solution. These substances are neither acidic nor basic.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Acids Bases And Salts Table 5.1 Question 11.
Consider the following statements:

1. Both acids and bases changes colour of all indicators.
2. If an indicator gives a colour change with an acid, it does give a change with a base.
3. If an indicator changes colour with a base, it does not change colour with an acid.
4. Change of colour in an acid and a base depends on the type of the indicator.

Which of these statements are correct?

1. All four
2. (a) and (d)
3. (b) and (c)
4. only (d)

Answer:
4. only (d).

Extended Learning – Activities and Projects:

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Acids Bases And Salts Table 5.4 Question 1.
Using the knowledge of acids and bases, write a secret message with the help of baking soda and beet root. Explain how it works?
Answer:
Prepare baking soda solution in water. Use this solution to write the message on a sheet of white paper with a cotton bud. Rub a slice of fresh beet root over the message.

Table 4.3 Class 7 Science Acid Base And Salt Question 2.
Prepare red cabbage juice by boiling a piece of red cabbage in water. Use it as an indicator and test the acidic and basic solutions with it. Present your observations in the form of a table?
Answer:
Do with the help of your subject teacher.

Coffee Is Acid Or Base Class 7 Question 3.
Bring the soil sample of your area, find out if it is acidic, basic or neutral. Discuss with farmers if they treat the soil in any manner?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Table 5.4 Class 7 Science Question 4.
Visit a doctor. Find out the medicines, he prescribes to treat acidity Ask him how acidity can be prevented?
Answer:
Do yourself.

Acids, Bases and Salts Additional Important Questions

Objective Type Questions

Table 5.3 Class 7 Science Question 1
Choose the correct alternative

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.3 Solutions Question (i)
Bases are –
(a) Sour in taste
(b) Sweet in taste
(c) Bitter in taste
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Bitter in taste

Acids Bases And Salts Class 7 Table 5.2 Question (ii)
Blue litmus turns red by –
(a) Sodium
(b) Sodiujn sulphate
(c) Bitter in taste
(d) Qattstic potash.
Answer:
(c) Bitter in taste

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Solution Question (iii)
Which one of the following oxides will react with acids to salt and water –
(a) CO
(b) SO₂
(c) SO₃
(d) CuO.
Answer:
(d) CuO.

Class 7th Science Chapter 5 (iv)
Which of the following is a mineral acid –
(a) Acetic acid
(b) Citric acid
(c) Tartaric acid
(d) Nitric acid.
Answer:
(d) Nitric acid.

Class 7 Science Table 5.1 Question (v)
Which is the common name of sodium bicarbonate –
(a) Caustic soda
(b) Washing soda
(c) Blue vitriol
(d) Baking soda.
Answer:
(d) Baking soda.

Science Class 7 Chapter 5 Question Answer Question (vi)
For diluting acid –
(a) Water is added to acid.
(b) Acid is added to water.
(c) Acid is boiled after adding water.
(d) Acid is boiled before adding water.
Answer:
(c) Acid is boiled after adding water.

Class 7 Science Chapter 5 Question Answer Question (vii)
……………. is used for whitewashing in house.
(a) Sodium hydroxide
(b) lime stone, calcium hydroxide
(c) blue vitriol
(d) lime water and ash.
Answer:
(b) lime stone, calcium hydroxide

Question (viii)
Nausadar is –
(a) Acid
(b) Alkali
(c) Salt
(d) Indicatior
Answer:
(c) Salt

Fill in the blanks:

1. Acetic acid is present in while is present ………….. While …………. is present in lemon.
2. Magnesium burns in air to form …………. which is ………….. oxide.
3. The chemical formula of slaked lime is ……………..
4. Acids are …………….. in taste.
5. The gas which escapes out from many aerated soft drinks is …………..
6. ………….. are slippery in touch.
7. Bases turn ………….. litmus to …………..
8. In a neutralisation reaction an ………….. and an ………….. combine to form a salt and water.
9. The solution formed by reacting P₂ O₅ with H₂O turns ………….. litmus ……………
10. Methyl orange is a good ……………

Answer:

1. Vinegar, citric acid
2. Magnesium oxide, basic
3. Ca₂, (OH)₂
4. Sour
5. CO₂
6. Bases
7. Red, blue
8. Acid, alkali
9. Blue, red
10. Indicator.

Question 3.
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Acids have a bitter taste.
2. Bases have a bitter taste.
3. Bases react with carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.
4. Copper does not reach with tamarind (imli) water.
5. Sulphuric acid is c.’led ‘King of chemicals’.
6. Orange juice turns blue litmus red.
7. Alum (Phitkari) acts as a antacid.
8. Soaps are salts of fatty acids.
9. Copper sulphate is used as a preservative in pickels. Potassium chloride is a salt of sulphuric acid.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. False.

Question 4.
Paheli brought the following paheli (riddle) for you.

1. Coffee is brown
2. And bitter in taste
3. Is it an acid
4. Or a base
5. Don’t give the answer
6. Without any test
7. You are in the dark With its taste

Answer:
Acidic.

Acids, Bases and Salts Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which acid is present in our stomach?
Answer:
Hydrochloric acid in small amount is present in our stomach.

Question 2.
What will you do if some acid is split on the table?
Answer:
We will sprinkle some base on the table to neutralise the effect of the acid.

Question 3.
Why antacids tablests are used to reduce acidity of the stomach?
Answer:
Sometimes due to spicy food the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases in the stomach. This causes acidity. To reduce it some harmless bases are used like milk of magnesia [Mg (OH)₂] and aluminium hydroxide, which balance the excess of acids. These are solid in the form of tablets called antacids.

Question 4.
What are mineral acids? Give two examples.
Answer:
The acids which are capable of forming hydrogen ions, when dissolved in water are mineral acids. For example, HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ (Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulphuric acid). In other words, mineral acids are strong acids. These acids are called mineral acids because these are prepared from minerals.

Question 5.
What are organic acids? Give two Examples.
Answer:
Organic acid are soured milk, lemon, green mangoes and karvanda are sour tasting. All of them contain some naturally occurring acids. Such acids are found in animals and plant materials. They are known as organic acids.
Examples: Lactic acid, Citric acid, Vinegar, Formic acid.

Question 6.
What do you understand by concentrated and dilute acids?
Answer:
Concentrated acid:
The acids which are prepared by dissolving in water, are known as concentrated acid.

Dilute acid:
The acid which are prepared by dissolving in excess amount of water are known as dilute acids.

Question 7.
Name the gas obtained when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
Answer:
When metal carbonate reacts with acids they give carbon dioxide gas.

Question 8.
What will happen if blue litmus paper is soaked in orange juice?
Answer:
It change into red colour.

Question 9.
State one characteristic property of all acids. Is dry hydrogen chloride gas an acid?
Answer:

1. Acids have a sour taste.
2. Acids turn blue litmus red.
3. Acids react with metal to evolve hydrogen gas.
   2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂
   Yes, hydrogen chloride is an acid.

Question 10.
A solution turns red litmus paper into blue. What does this indicate about the chemical nature of the solution?
Answer:
The solution which turns red litmus paper blue is basic in nature. The substance which turns red litmus paper blue is known as alkalies.

Question 11.
Classify the following chemicals in acids and bases:
KON, HNO₃, Ca(OH)₂, LiOH, CH₃COOH, HCOOH, Mg(OH)₂, NaOH, H₂SO₄, HCl
Answer:
Acids:
HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HCl.

Bases:
KOH, Ca(OH)₂, LiOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, Mg(OH)₂, NaOH.

Acids, Bases and Salts Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
You are given hydrochloric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution and water in three different bottles. How will you check which bottle has which compound?
Answer:
Take three pieces of blue litmus paper. Put one piece of blue litmus paper into each of these solutions. That bottle which turns blue litmus red contains hydrochloric acid. Take three pieces of red litmus paper. Put one piece of red litmus paper into each of these solutions. That bottle which turns red litmus blue contains sodium hydroxide (base).

Question 2.
How can you test the presence of acid in a substance?
Answer:
Acids can be tested in any substance by the following methods:

1. Take a drop of the dilute solution of the substance on the tips of your tongue. If it taste sour, it is acid.
2. Place a blue litmus paper in the solution. If the colour changes to red, acid is present.

Example: 2Na + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂

Question 3.
What are indicators? Name two acid – base indicators.
Answer:
The substance which are used to identify whether a substance is an acid or base is called indicators. For example, litmus solutions give red colour with acids and blue colour with bases. Therefore, litmus is used as indicator. Substances wrhich given differnet colours with acid and base are called acid – base indicators.
Example:

1. Methyl orange
2. Phenolpthalein

Question 4.
State the colour of dry litmus paper when placed in separate samples of dilute sulphuric acid, moist ammonia gas, moist chlorine, sodium hydroxide, lemon juice, vinegar and water into which sulphur dioxide gas has been bubbled for some time?
Answer:

Question 5.
Why are acids not stored in metal containers? Containers/ vessels made from which material are safe to store acids?
Answer:
All the acids react with metals. They react vigorously and slowly with metals according to their nature. So, the acids are not stored in metal containers. Vessels made from glass or cermics are considered safe for strong acids.

Question 6.
Which acids are present in following substance:

Answer:

1. Citric acid
2. Acetic acid
3. Lactic acid
4. Oxalic acid
5. Tartaric acid.

Question 7.
Why does colour of blue vitriol change when heated?
Answer:
When we blue vitriol heated it changes into white vitriol and water.

Question 8.
Write one use of each of the following compounds?

1. Vinegar
2. Methly orange
3. Alum
4. Sulphuric, acid
5. Sodium hydroxide.

Answer:

1. In pickles and jam for preserving it in good condition for long duration.
2. As a indicator.
3. In purifying water.
4. In purifying pertroliujn products.
5. In purifying pertrolium products.

Question 9.
What are acid salts? Give two examples?
Answer:
Acid salt:
When a strong acid is neutralised by a weak base, then a salt is formed, such type of salt is called acid salt.
For example:
H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH → (NH ) SO₄ + 2H₂O
HCl+ NH₄OH → NH₄Cl + H₂O

Question 10.
Complete the following equations:

1. NaOH + H₂SO₄ → ……………. + H₂O
2. H₂CO₃ + NaOH → ……………. + H₂O
3. HNO₃ + KOH → ……………. + H₂O
4. Mg (OH)₂ + 2HCl → ……………. + 2H₂O

Answer:

1. NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
2. H₂CO₃ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O
3. HNO₃ + KOH → KNO₃+ H₂O
4. Mg (OH)₂ + 2HCl → + MgCl₂ + 2H₂O

Question 11.
Name the gas obtaines when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
Answer:
When metal carbonate reacts with acids they give carbon dioxide gas.
For example.

Question 12.
Differentiate between bases and alkalies by giving suitable examples of each?
Answer:
Bases:
Bases are the compound which have one or more hydroxyl group (OH) in their molecule.
Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH etc.

Alkalies:
Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
Examples: Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Question 13.
What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Answer:
The reaction of an acid with an alkali and vice – versa to form salt and water is called neutralisation reaction.
For examples:

Question 14.
How is salt obtained from sea – water?
Answer:
The seas are great sources of salts. A litre of a water contains about 35 grams of salts. Sodium chloride is the main salt. The sea water is trapped in shallow called lagoons and is allowed to evaporate in sunlight to white solid crystal of salts. These crystals are processed and packed to send to markets.

Question 15.
What are the uses of weak alkalies?
Answer:

1. Ammonia is a weak alkali. It is used for the manufacture of fertilizers.
2. Ammonia is also used for the production of wood pulp and organic chemicals.
3. It is also used for making synthetic fibres such as nylon and nitric acid, which are used for the preparation of synthetic cloth.
4. Calcium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder.

Question 16.
Tabulate the some hydrated salts with their chemical formulae and colour?
Answer:
Some hydrated salts:

Question 17.
Name some common acid and alkali indicators?
Answer:

Acids, Bases and Salts Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What are acids? Write their properties.
Answer:
Acids are substances which contain one or more replaceable hydrogen atoms. Its properties are:

1. 1. All acids are sour in taste.
   2. All acids turn blue litmus red.
   3. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen e.g., H₂SO₄, HCl etc.
   4. Acids are compounds which form hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) in aqueous (water) solution.
      Example:
      

1. Acids react with metal to form salts and release hydrogen gas.
   Example: 2Na + 2 HC1 → 2NaCl + H₂
   
2. Acids react with carbonates and bicarbonates to give carbon dioxide gas.
   Example:
   

Question 2.
What are bases? Write down its properties.
Answer:
Bases are substances which have one or more replaceable hydroxyl group (OH).
The various properties of bases are:

1. Bases are bitter in taste and slippery in touch.
2. Bases turn red litmus blue.
3. Bases are compound which have hydroxyl group.
4. All bases give hydroxyl ion into aqueous solutions.
   
5. Bases react with acids to form salts.
   Example: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Question 3.
What are the uses of mineral acids in industry?
Answer:
The uses of mineral acids in industry are:

1. Concentrated sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are used in a large number of metallurgical operations, manufacture of fertilizers and preparations of large number of industrial chemicals.

2. Hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from inside the boilers. This process is known as descaling.

3. One of the mineral acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl) present in our stomach helps in digestion of food.

4. Nitric acid (HNO₃) is used by goldsmiths for cleaning gold and silver ornaments.

Question 4.
Distinguish clearly between the following terms by giving suitable examples:

1. Organic acid and mineral acid.
2. Base and alkali.

Answer:
1. Organic acid:

• Organic acid contains COOH functional group.
• These acids are weak.
• These acids are present in humans and plants.
• They are less corrosive and are used in food ingradients.
  Examples: Ethanoic acid, lactic acid, citric acid.

Mineral acid:

• Mineral acid contains hydrogen ions (H⁺).
• These acids are strong.
• These acids are prepared by mankind.
• They are corrosive in nature and have industrial use.
  Examples: Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid.

2. Base:

• Bases are the compound which have one or more hydroxhyl group (OH) in their molecule.
• All alkalies are bases
• Bases are insoluble in water.
  Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH

Alkali:

• Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
• All bases are not alkalies.
• Alkalies are soluble in water.
  Examples: Sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

Question 5.
Write any three most common salts used in daily life and write their uses?
Answer:
Most common salts used in daily life are:
1. Washing Soda: Na₂CO₃.10H₂O.
Uses:

• It is used in laundary.
• It is used to prepare other compounds such as glass, caustic soda and detergent poweders.

2. Baking Soda: NaHCO₃
Uses:

• It is used in baking powder.
• It is used as medicine to reduce acidity of the stomach.
• It is used in fire extinguisher.

3. Potash alum or phitkari:
K₂SO_4.Al₂(SO₄)₃24H₂O
Uses:

• It is used to purify water.
• It is used after shave to stop the bleeding from cuts.

MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 6th Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercises

Question 1.
Correct the following statements and rewrite them in your notebook?

1. Stem absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
2. Leaves hold the plant upright.
3. Roots conduct water to the leaves.
4. The number of petals and sepals in a flower is always equal.
5. If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are also joined together.
6. If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is joined to the petal.

Answer:

1. Roots absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
2. Stem holds the plant upright.
3. Stem conducts water to the leaves.
4. The number of petals and sepals in a flower may not be always equal.
5. If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are separate and not joined together.
6. If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is not necessarily joined to the petal.

Categories Of Plants Class 6 Question 2.
Draw (a), leaf, (b) a taproot and (c) a flower, you have studied for Table 7.3?
Answer:

Question 3.
Can you find a plant in your house or in your neighborhood, which has a long but a weak stem? Write its name. In which category would you classify it?
Answer:
The plant found in our house is money plant which has a long but a weak stem. This plant needs support, these are called climbers.

Question 4.
What is the function of a stem in a plant?
Answer:
Stems hold the plant upright. Stems also carries water from roots to leaves and flowers and supplies food from leaves to all parts of plant. Stems can be modified into leaf like structure as in causes to conserve water. Stem can be modified for storage of food.

Mp Board Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Question 5.
Which of the following leaves have reticulate venation? Wheat, tulasi, maize, grass, coriander (dhania), China rose?
Answer:
Tulasi, Coriander (dhania) and China rose.

Question 6.
It a plant has fibrous root, what type of veriation do its leaves likely to have?
Answer:
Parallel variation.

Question 7.
If a plant has leaves with reticulate venation, what kind of roots will it have?
Answer:
Tap root.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Table 7.1 Solution Question 8.
It is possible for you to recognize the leaves without seeing them? How?
Answer:
Yes, we can recognize leaves by smelling or touching. For examples, leaves of maize, tulasi, dhania, podina, bananasjetc.

Question 9.
Write the names of the parts of a flower?
Answer:
A flower has mainly four parts:

1. Sepals
2. Petals
3. Pistil
4. Stamens.

Getting To Know Plants Class 6 Table 7.1 Question 10.
Which of the following plants have you seen? Of those that you have seen, which one have flowers? Grass, maize, wheat, chilli, tomato, tulasi, pipal,
shisham, banyan, mango, jamun, guava, pomegranate, papaya, banana, lemon, sugarcane, potato, groundnut?
Answer:
I have seen all these plants. Plants with flowers are chilli, tomato, tulsi, mango, jamun, guava, pomegranate, papaya, banana, lemon.

Question 11.
Name the part of the plant which produces its food? Name this process?
Answer:
The leaves of plant produce food. The process is called photosynthesis.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower, you are likely to find the ovary?
Answer:
The ovary is found in pistil part of a flower.

Table 7.1 Categories Of Plants Question 13.
Name two flowers, each with joined and separated sepals?
Answer:
The flowers with joined sepals are rose and sunflower. The flowers with separated sepals are China rose and mustard plant.

Projects and Activities

Activity 1.
Name of plant parts are hidden in this grid. Search for them by going up, down, or even diagonally forward as well as backward. Have fun?

Answer:

1. Ovule
2. Midrib
3. Filament
4. Fruit
5. Flower
6. Vein
7. Stem
8. Herb
9. Petal
10. Sepal
11. Stamen
12. Ovary.

Activity 2.
Make a table to show categories of some plants?
Answer:
Categories of plants:

Activity 3.
Show by an experiment that various kinds of plants have different kinds of stem?
Answer:
Observe carefully the plant of wheat. Press the stem of it with fingers. Then repeat the procedure, for stem of rose, money plant, gourd and bitter gourd. The stem of wheat is green, tender and weak, this can be pressed easily with the fingers, where as the stem of rose is tough and more force is required to break or press it. The creeper of bitter gourd and money plant can not stand straight on its own.

After observing various kinds of stem, it is known to us that wheat stem is weak, rose stem is tough and bitter gourd stem can not stand by itself.

Getting to Know Plants Intex Questions

Question 1.
Paheli wonders what kind of stem the money plant, beanstalk, gourd plants and grape vines have. Do observe some of these plants. How are these different from a herb, a shrub or a tree? Why do you think some of them need support to climb upwards?
Answer:
These are climbers.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Table 7.1 Categories Of Plants Question 2.
Boojho has a brilliant idea If he wants to know what kind of roots a plant has, he need not pull it out. He just has to look at its leaves?
Answer:
Yes.

Getting to Know Plants Additional Important Questions

Getting to Know Plants Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer:

Question (a)
Which of the following is a modified root?
(a) Turnip
(b) Potato
(c) Ginger
(d) Onion.
Answer:
(a) Turnip

Table 7.1 Class 6 Science Question (b)
Which of the following is a modified stem?
(a) Turmeric
(b) Sweet potato
(c) Radish
(d) Beet.
Answer:
(a) Turmeric

Question (c)
Which of the following is a modified leaf?
(a) Peas
(b) Maize
(c) Banyan
(d) Spines in cactus.
Answer:
(d) Spines in cactus.

Getting To Know Plants Table 7.1 Answers Question (d)
Which of the following is a tap roots?
(a) Peas
(b) Maize
(c) Wheat
(d) Millets.
Answer:
(a) Peas

Question (e)
Which of the following has fibrous roots?
(a) Tulasi
(b) Balsam
(c) Wheat
(d) Marigold.
Answer:
(c) Wheat

Categories Of Plants Class 6 Table 7.1 Answers Question (f)
Which of the following has thick and wooden (hard) stem?
(a) Rose
(b) Money plant
(c) Saventi
(d) Banyan.
Answer:
(d) Banyan.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Rose is a ……………………….. plant.
2. In cactus leaves are modified into ………………………..
3. Vegetables such as carrot, beetroot and radish that you eat are modified …………………………..
4. Roots provide support to plants and also absorb and ………………………..
5. Leaves are green because they have a pigment called ……………………………
6. Plants synthesis food through the process of ………………………….
7. Climbers have ………………………….. structure to climb up.
8. The plants whose stem is soft and tender are called as …………………………
9. The plants whose stem is hard but can be broken easily are called …………………………….
10. The plants whose stem is thick and strong (wooden) are called ………………………………..
11. The plants which have tendrils are called ………………………….
12. The plants which grow and land horizontally are called ……………………………

Answer:

1. Mesophytes
2. Spines
3. Roots
4. Water, mineral
5. Chlorophyl
6. Photosynthesis
7. Tendrils
8. Herbs
9. Shrubs
10. Tress
11. Climbers
12. Creepers.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting To Know Plants Keywords Question 3.
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. Roots absorb minerals and water from the soil.
2. The wheat plant has fibrous root system.
3. Supporting roots are found in all plants.
4. The stems of all plants can stand erect.
5. Plants can synthesise their food without carbon dioxide.
6. Leaves can manufacture their food without sunlight.
7. Food is stored only in fruits in plants.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. False
7. False.

Question 4.
Match the items in Column A with the Column B:

Answer:

(i) – (e)
(ii) – (a)
(iii) – (b)
(iv) – (d)
(v) – (f)
(vi) – (c).

Getting To Know Plants Table 7.1 Question 5.
Find out odd one from the following:

1. Mongra, butterfly, lily, rose
2. Wheat, paddy, maize, peepal.
3. Rose, cactus, sunflower, mehendi.

Answer:

1. Lily
2. Peepal
3. Rose.

Getting to Know Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Sort out from the following plants which have fibrous roots: Tulsi, sugarcane, mango, ashok, onion, maize, garlic?
Answer:
Tulasi, sugarcane, onion, maize and garlic.

Question 2.
Name the parts of plants?
Answer:
The parts of the plants are root, stem, leaves, flower, fruits and seed.

Class 6th Science Chapter 7 Question Answer Question 3.
Where does root system grow?
Answer:
Root system grows under the ground.

Question 4.
What are the different types of root system?
Answer:
The root system are of two types:

1. Tap root system
2. Fibrous root system.

Mp Board Class 6 Science English Medium Question 5.
What are the functions of roots?
Answer:

1. To fix the plant in the soil.
2. Absorb water and minerals from soil.

Question 6.
Which is the smallest flower?
Answer:
Wolffia. It is the microscopic in size.

Question 7.
Which is the largest flower?
Answer:
Rofflosia. It is about 1 metre in size.

Class 6 Science Table 7.1 Question 8.
What is the function of flowers?
Answer:
Flowers produce reproductive cells which take part in reproduction.

Question 9.
Give two examples of modified root?
Answer:
Carrot and Radish which we eat are modified roots.

Question 10.
Give two examples of stems?
Answer:

1. Stem holds the plant upright.
2. Stem carries water from roots to leaves and flowers and supplies food from leaves to all parts of plant.

Getting To Know Plants Class 6 Extra Questions And Answers Question 11.
What is bark?
Answer:
Most of trunks are covered with outer layer called bark. It protects the inner parts of the tree.

Question 12.
Where can you see the largest plant of world?
Answer:
Largest plant of world (General Sherman) is in United States of America in California.

Question 13.
Why are leaves green in colour?
Answer:
Leaves are green in colour due to the presence of green pigment in it, called chlorophyll.

Table 4.1 Categories Of Plants Question 14.
What name is given to the process of making food by leaves?
Answer:
It is called photosynthesis.

Question 15.
What are the conditions necessary for green leaves to prepare food?
Answer:
Green leaves make food with the help of carbon – dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

Ncert Solutions For Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Table 7.1 Question 16.
Give an example of each in which:

1. Leave are modified as spines.
2. Leaves are modified as tentricles.

Answer:

1. Cactus leaves are modified as spines.
2. In sea plant – leaves are modified as tentricles.

Question 17.
Name two plants that have supporting roots?
Answer:

1. Banyan tree
2. Maize plant
3. Sugar cane.

Question 18.
What is the role of spines in cactus tree?
Answer:
The spines protect the plants from animals, in cactus plant it reduces the loss of water, ft works as a defence device for the plant.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Table 7.3 Solution Question 19.
Give an example of a plant with stem tendrils?
Answer:
The cucurbit (kakri/lauki) plant has tendrils which help the plant to climb and support the weight of the plant.

Question 20.
Name some modified stems and roots which you eat?
Answer:
Modified stem: Onion, potato, ginger, garlic, colocassia. Modified root: Sugarbeet, sweet potato, turmeric, carrot, radish.

Question 21.
Why is stem of cactus thick and green?
Answer:
Cactus plant has modified stem which conserves water in the green fleshy stem which is photosynthetic. Its stem is thick and green due to the
presence of chlorophyll in it. It helps in photosynthesis.

Question 22.
What are the special features of red wood tree?
Answer:
It is largest tree. It is 80 metre high. It is about 30 metres at its base. It may live for 3500 years.

Question 23.
Which part of the flower becomes seed? Name the parts of a seed?
Answer:
The ovules of the flower turn into seeds after fertilization of ovules. A seed consists of a seed coat. It has many other parts like cotyledons, radical and plumule.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Table 7.2 Solution Question 24.
What are nodes and internodes?
Answer:
In some plants like bamboos and sugarcane their stems have some joints where leaves and branches arise. These joints are called nodes. The part of the stem between two nodes in called internode. The lengths of internodes vary from plant to plant.

Question 25.
What are additional functions for stems can be modified?
Answer:

1. Stems can be modified into leaf like structure as in causes to conserve water
2. Stem can be modified for storage of food e.g. potato.

Getting to Know Plants Short Answer Types Questions

Question 1.
Write five examples of each food storing roots, fibrous roots and tap roots?
Answer:
Food storing roots:
Turnip, carrot, radish, potato and onion.

Firbrous roots:
Wheat, maize, tulasi, garlic and grass.

Tap roots:
Mango, peepal, neem, pea and gram.

Getting To Know Plants Class 6 Questions And Answers Question 2.
What is fruit? How does it differ from a seed?
Answer:
After the pollination the ovary part of the flower converts itself into a fruit. Fruit is generally made up of fruit walls and the seed. The ovule of flower converts itself into seed. The seed after drying can be used to grow a new plant.

Question 3.
Differentiate between climber and creepers?
Answer:
Differentiate between climbers and creepers.
Climbers:

1. The stems of these plants are very weak and weak.
2. They can not stand straight on land.
3. Example: Bitter gourd, grape, Vine.

Creepers:

1. Their stem is tender and weak.
2. They can not stand by themselves.
3. Example: Duphariya

Getting To Know Plants Class 6 Question 4.
Draw a labelled diagram of flowers?
Answer:

Question 5.
Label these pictures?

Answer:

Getting to Know Plants Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Draw a labelled diagram of the tap root and the fibrous root?
Answer:

Getting To Know Plants Question 2.
Differentiate between root and stem?
Answer:
Difference between Root and Stem:
Root:

1. The part under the ground is called root system.
2. There is no node and inter nodes.
3. They also contain root cap.

Stem:

1. The portion of plant is called root system above the ground is called shoot system. In shoot system there is stem, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
2. They have node and nodes inter node.
3. They do not contain root cap.

Question 3.
Draw a picture of a leaf and explain it?
Answer:
The green structure growing on stem is called leaf. Take branch of hibiscus and to know the different parts of leaf, compare it with the picture given below. The green pigment called chlorophyll imparts green color on leaf. The chlorophyll helps in preparing food Lamina in presence of sunlight.

Leaf blade or lamina:
The flat green portion of leaf is called leaf blade or lamina.

Petiole:
The leaf blade is attached to the stem by short stalk is called petiole.

Midrib:
Petiole continues in the leaf as the midrib, it has a network of veins.

Question 4.
Differentiate between herbs, shrubs and trees?
Answer:
Difference between Herbs, shrubs and trees:

Question 5.
Draw the diagram how to cut the ovary of a flower?
Answer:
Take two ovaries from different flowers. Cut them in two different ways as shown in Figure. To prevent them from drying, put a drop of water on each of the two pieces of the ovary, you have cut.

Question 6.
Define ovules and draw a labelled diagram to show the inner structure of an ovary?
Answer:
Observe the inner parts of the ovary using a lens as shown in figure. You see some small bead like structures inside the ovary. They are called ovules.

MP Board Class 6th Science Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 चतुर्भुजों को समझना Ex 3.2

MP Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित आकृतियों में x का मान ज्ञात कीजिए –

हल:
(a) सभी बाह्य कोणों की कुल माप = 360°
∴ x + 125° + 125° = 360°
या x + 250° = 360°
या x = 360° – 250° = 110°

(b) x + 90° + 60° + 90° + 70° = 360°
या x + 310° = 360°
या x = 360° – 310° = 50°

Class 8th Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 In Hindi प्रश्न 2.
एक समबहुभुज के प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण का माप ज्ञात कीजिए जिसकी –
(i) 9 भुजाएँ
(ii) 15 भुजाएँ हों।
हल:
(i) ∴ प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण = \(\frac{360°}{n}\); यहाँ n = 9
∴ प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण = \(\frac{360°}{9}\) = 40°

(ii) यहाँ, n = 15
∴ प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण = \(\frac{360°}{15}\) = 24°

Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 Solutions In Hindi प्रश्न 3.
एक समबहुभुज की कितनी भुजाएँ होंगी यदि एक बाह्य कोण का मान 24° हो?
हल:

3.2 Class 8 In Hindi प्रश्न 4.
एक समबहुभुज की भुजाओं की संख्या ज्ञात कीजिए यदि इसका प्रत्येक अन्तःकोण 165° का हो।
हल:
माना कि समबहुभुज की भुजाओं की संख्या = n है।
तब, इसका प्रत्येक अन्त: कोण = \(\frac{(n-2)x180°}{n}\)
अब, प्रश्नानुसार, \(\frac{(n-2)x180°}{n}\) = 165°
या 180°n – 360° = 165°n
या 180°n – 165°n = 360°
या 15°n = 360°
या n = \(\frac{360°}{15}\) = 24
n = 24
अतः समबहुभुज में 24 भुजाएँ होंगी।

Class 8 Maths 3.2 In Hindi प्रश्न 5.
(a) क्या ऐसा समबहुभुज सम्भव है जिसके प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण का माप 22° हो?
(b) क्या यह किसी समबहुभुज का अन्तःकोण हो सकता है? क्यों?
हल:
(a) ∴ समबहुभुज की भुजाओं की संख्या

∴ ऐसा समबहुभुज सम्भव नहीं है, जिसके प्रत्येक बाह्य कोण की माप 22° हो।

(b) यदि अन्त: कोण 22° हो, तो बाह्य कोण = 180° – 22° = 158°
लेकिन 360° ÷ 158 पूर्णतः विभाजित नहीं है। इसलिए समबहुभुज सम्भव नहीं है।
अत: 22° किसी समबहुभुज का अन्त:कोण नहीं हो सकता है।

Prashnavali 3.2 Class 8 प्रश्न 6.
(a) किसी समबहुभुज में कम से कम कितने अंश का अन्तःकोण सम्भव है? क्यों?
(b) किसी समबहुभुज में अधिक से अधिक कितने अंश का बाह्य कोण सम्भव है ?
हल:
(a) समबाहु त्रिभुज कम से कम 3 भुजाओं का समबहुभुज है जिसके प्रत्येक अन्त:कोण की माप 60° होती है। अतः किसी समबहुभुज में कम से कम 60° का अन्त:कोण सम्भव है।

(b) ∴ किसी समबहुभुज के लिए कम से कम अन्त:कोण की माप = 60°
∴ अधिकतम बाह्य कोण की माप = 180° – 60° = 120°

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 115

इन्हें कीजिए

Class 8 Math Ex 3.2 In Hindi Medium प्रश्न 1.
समान सर्वांगसम त्रिभुजों से कटे हुए भाग लीजिए जिनकी भुजाएँ3 cm,4cm, 5 cm हैं। इन्हें व्यवस्थित कीजिए जैसा कि आकृति में दर्शाया गया है (आकृति : 13.17)।

आपको एक समलम्ब प्राप्त होता है। (निरीक्षण कीजिए)। यहाँ पर कौन-सी भुजाएँ समान्तर हैं? क्या असमान्तर भुजाएँ बराबर माप की होनी चाहिए? इन समान त्रिभुजों के समूह का उपयोग कर आप दो और समलम्ब प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। उनको ढूँढ़िए और उनकी आकृतियों की चर्चा कीजिए।
हल:

∠DEC = ∠ECB = 90°
DE || BC तथा DE = BC = 3 cm
और EB = DC = 5 cm
∴ ∠BCD एक समान्तर चतुर्भुज है।
इसलिए AB || DC
अत: ABCD एक समलम्ब है।
असमान्तर भुजाएँ AD और BC हैं। यह आवश्यक नहीं है कि असमान्तर भुजाएँ बराबर माप की हों।
दो अन्य समलम्ब ABCD एवं PQRS निम्नवत हैं –

Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 Solutions प्रश्न 2.
अपने तथा अपने मित्रों के ज्यामितीय बॉक्स से चार सेट स्क्वेयर लीजिए। इन्हें अलग-अलग संख्याओं में उपयोग कर साथ-साथ रखिए और अलग-अलग किस्म के समलम्ब प्राप्त कीजिए।
क्या आपने ऊपर किए गए अपने किसी निरीक्षण में कोई समद्विबाहु समलम्ब प्राप्त किया है?
हल:
हमने ज्यामितीय बॉक्स से चार सेटस्क्वेयर लेकर निम्न समलम्ब प्राप्त किए हैं –

हाँ, हमने निरीक्षण में समद्विबाहु समलम्ब प्राप्त किया है।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 50

इन्हें कीजिए

Understanding Quadrilaterals Class 8 Exercise 3.2 प्रश्न 1.
एक मोटे कागज की शीट लीजिए। इसे दोहरा मोड़िए। दो अलग-अलग लम्बाई वाले रेखाखण्डों को खींचिए। इन रेखाखण्डों के अनुदिश काटकर खोलिए। आपको एक पतंग की आकृति प्राप्त होती है।

क्या पतंग में कोई सममित रेखा है?

पतंग को दोनों विकर्णों पर मोड़िए। सेट स्क्वेयर के उपयोग से जाँचिए कि क्या वे एक-दूसरे को समकोण पर काटते हैं। क्या विकर्ण बराबर लम्बाई के हैं?

जाँचिए (पेपर को मोड़ने या मापने द्वारा) कि क्या विकर्ण एक-दूसरे को समद्विभाजित करते हैं?

पतंग के एक कोण को एक विकर्ण के अनुदिश विपरीत मोड़ने पर बराबर माप वाले कोणों को जाँचिए।

विकर्ण पर पड़ी तह का निरीक्षण कीजिए क्या यह दर्शाता है कि विकर्ण एक कोण समद्विभाजक होता है?

अपनी जानकारी को साथियों में बाँटिए और सूची बनाइए। इन परिणामों का सारांश अध्याय में कहीं पर आपके लिए दिया गया है।

हल:
हाँ, पतंग में एक सममित रेखा (AC) है।

संलग्न आकृति में विकर्ण बिन्दुवत् रेखाओं AC तथा BD द्वारा दर्शाए गए हैं। हाँ, विकर्ण एक-दूसरे को समकोण पर काटते हैं। विकर्ण बराबर लम्बाई के नहीं है।
विकर्ण AC विकर्ण BD को समद्विभाजित करता है।
m∠1 = m∠2 और m∠3 = m∠4 हाँ, यह दर्शाता है कि विकर्ण एक समद्विभाजक होता है।
समान्तर चतुर्भुज:

Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 Question 6 प्रश्न 2.
इन आकृतियों का अध्ययन कीजिए और अपने शब्दों में बताने का प्रयास कीजिए कि समान्तर चतुर्भुज क्या है? अपने निष्कर्ष अपने मित्रों के साथ बाँटिए।
हल:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज एक चतुर्भुज होता है जिसकी सम्मुख भुजाएँ समान्तर होती हैं। समान्तर चतुर्भुज में –

1. सम्मुख भुजाएँ समान्तर होती हैं।
2. सम्मुख भुजाएँ बराबर होती हैं।
3. सम्मुख कोण बराबर होते हैं।
4. विकर्ण एक-दूसरे को समद्विभाजित करते हैं।
5. आसन्न कोण सम्पूरक होते हैं।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 51

समान्तर चतुर्भुज के अवयव

Maths Class 8 Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 प्रश्न 1.
क्या \(\overline { BC } \) और \(\overline { CD } \) आसन्न भुजाएँ हैं? दो और आसन्न भुजाओं के युग्मों को ढूँढ़ने का प्रयास कीजिए।
हल:
हाँ, \(\overline { BC } \) और \(\overline { CD } \) आसन्न भुजाएँ हैं।
आसन्न भुजाओं के दो अन्य युग्म – \(\overline { CD } \) और \(\overline { DA } \) तथा \(\overline { DA } \) और \(\overline { AB } \).

Class 8 Maths Chapter 3.2 Hindi Medium प्रश्न 2.
समान्तर चतुर्भुज के आसन्न कोणों के दूसरे युग्मों की पहचान कीजिए।
हल:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज के आसन्न कोणों के दूसरे युग्म – ∠C और ∠D तथा ∠D और ∠A.

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 52

इन्हें कीजिए

दो समान समान्तर चतुर्भुज के कटे हुए भाग ABCD तथा A’ B’ C’ D’ लीजिए। इनकी संगत भुजाएँ समान हैं।

Practice Set 3.2 Class 8 प्रश्न 1.
AB को DC के ऊपर रखिए। क्या वे एक-दूसरे को पूर्णतया ढकती हैं? अब आप \(\overline { AB } \) और \(\overline { DC } \) की लम्बाई के बारे में क्या कह सकते हैं?
उत्तर:
हाँ, \(\overline { A’B’ } \) एवं \(\overline { D’C’ } \) एक-दूसरे को पूर्णतया ढकती हैं। \(\overline { AB } \) तथा \(\overline { DC } \) की लम्बाई बराबर हैं।

Class 8 Maths Chapter 3.2 In Hindi प्रश्न 2.
इसी प्रकार AD और BC की लम्बाई की जाँच कीजिए। आप क्या पाते हैं?
उत्तर:
हम पाते हैं कि AD और BC की लम्बाई समान है। अतः हम कह सकते हैं कि समान्तर चतुर्भुज की सम्मुख भुजाएँ समान होती हैं।

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 3.2)

Class 8 Maths Exercise 3.2 In Hindi प्रश्न 1.
30° – 60° – 90° कोणों वाले दो समान सेट स्क्वेयर लीजिए। अब इन्हें आपस में इस प्रकार मिलाकर रखिए जिससे एक समान्तर चतुर्भुज बन जाए। क्या यह ऊपर बताए गए गुण की पुष्टि करने में आपकी सहायता करता है?

उत्तर:
हाँ, यह ऊपर बताए गए समान्तर चतुर्भुज के गुणं की पुष्टि करने में सहायता करता है। अर्थात् समान्तर चतुर्भुज की सम्मुख भुजाएँ बराबर माप की होती हैं।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 53

इन्हें कीजिए

Chaturbhuj Ko Samajhna प्रश्न 1.
क्या यह कोण A तथा कोण C के मापों के बारे में आपको कुछ बताता है? कोण B तथा D के मापों के लिए जाँच कीजिए। अपने निष्कर्ष की चर्चा कीजिए।
उत्तर:
हाँ, यह कोण A तथा कोण C के बारे में बताता है कि कोण A तथा कोण C बराबर माप के हैं। कोण B तथा कोण D भी बराबर माप के हैं।
निष्कर्ष:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज के सम्मुख कोण बराबर माप के होते हैं।

समान्तर चतुर्भुज के कोण

प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 3.3)

Class 8 3.2 In Hindi प्रश्न 1.
30° – 60° – 90° कोणों वाले दो समान सेट स्क्वे यर लेकर पहले की तरहही एक समान्तर चतुर्भुज बनाइए। क्या प्राप्त आकृति ऊपर बताए गुण की पुष्टि करने में आपकी सहायता करती है?
उत्तर

हाँ, प्राप्त आकृति यह पुष्टि करने में हमारी सहायता करती है कि समान्तर चतुर्भुज के सम्मुख कोण बराबर माप के होते हैं।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 54

Exercise 3.2 Class 8 प्रश्न 1.
आकृति से दो और सम्पूरक कोणों के युग्म की पहचान कीजिए।
उत्तर:
सम्पूरक कोणों के युग्म – ∠B तथा ∠C और ∠C तथा ∠D।

सोचिए, चर्चा कीजिए और लिखिए

प्रश्नावली 3.2 का पहला सवाल प्रश्न 1.
m∠R = m∠N = 70°; दर्शाने के उपरान्त क्या आप किसी अन्य विधि से m∠I और m∠G को ज्ञात कर सकते हैं?
हल:
समान्तर चतुर्भुज IRGN में, m∠R = m∠N

∴ RG || IN और RI एक तिर्यक रेखा है जो उन्हें क्रमशः R तथा I पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है।
इसलिए, ∴ ∠R + ∠I = 180°
(अन्तः सम्मुख कोण हैं)
70° + ∠I= 180°
I = 180° – 70° = 110°
पुनः RI || GN और RG तिर्यक रेखा इन्हें क्रमशः R तथा G पर प्रतिच्छेद करती है।
इसलिए ∠R + ∠G = 180°
70 + ∠G= 180° – 70° = 110°
अतः ∠I = ∠G.

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 55

समान्तर चतुर्भुज के विकर्ण

इन्हें कीजिए

कक्षा 8 गणित 3.2 प्रश्न 1.
समान्तर चतुर्भुज (माना ABCD) का एक कटा हुआ भाग लीजिए। माना इसके विकर्ण \(\overline { AB } \) और \(\overline { DB } \) एक दूसरे को ‘o’ पर प्रतिच्छेद करते हैं।

C को A पर रखकर एक तह (Fold) के द्वारा \(\overline { AC } \) का मध्य बिन्दु ज्ञात कीजिए। क्या मध्य बिन्दु o ही है? क्या यह दर्शाता है कि विकर्ण DB विकण AC को मध्य बिन्दु o पर समद्विभाजित करता है? अपने मित्रों के साथ इसकी चर्चा कीजिए। इस क्रियाकलाप को यह ज्ञात करने के लिए दोहराएँ कि \(\overline { DB } \) का मध्य बिन्दु कहाँ पर स्थित होगा?

हल:
तह करने पर हम देखते हैं कि बिन्दु C बिन्दु A पर पड़ता है। स्पष्ट है कि \(\overline { AC } \) का मध्य बिन्दु o ही है।
यह दर्शाता है कि विकर्ण \(\overline { DB } \), विकर्ण \(\overline { AC } \) को समद्विभाजित करता है।
\(\overline { DB } \) का मध्य बिन्दु o पर ही होगा।
अतः समान्तर चतुर्भुज के विकर्ण एक दूसरे को समद्विभाजित करते हैं।
उत्तर

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 8th Science Solutions Chapter 11 Force and Pressure

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions Chapter 5 आँकड़ो का प्रबंधन Ex 5.2

MP Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.2 प्रश्न 1.
किसी शहर के युवा व्यक्तियों के एक समूह का यह जानने के लिए सर्वे किया गया कि वे किस प्रकार का संगीत पसन्द करते हैं। उनसे प्राप्त आँकड़ों को संलग्न पाई चार्ट में दर्शाया गया है।

इस पाई चार्ट से निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए –

1. यदि 20 व्यक्ति शास्त्रीय संगीत पसन्द करते हैं, तो कुल कितने युवा व्यक्तियों का सर्वे किया गया था?
2. किस प्रकार का संगीत सबसे अधिक व्यक्तियों द्वारा पसन्द किया जाता है?
3. यदि कोई कैसेट कम्पनी 1000 सी. डी. (C. D.) बनाए, तो वह प्रत्येक प्रकार की कितनी सी. डी. बनाएगी?

हल:
1. माना कि x युवा व्यक्तियों का सर्वे किया गया था।
x का 10% = 20
x × \(\frac{10}{100}\) = 20
x = \(\frac{20×100}{10}\) = 200
अतः 200 युवा व्यक्तियों का सर्वे किया गया था।

2. मनोरंजक संगीत सबसे अधिक व्यक्तियों द्वारा पसन्द किया जाता है।

3. शास्त्रीय संगीत = \(\frac{10}{100}\) x 1000 = 100 सी. डी.
उपशास्त्रीय संगीत = \(\frac{20}{100}\) x 1000 = 200 सी. डी.
लोक संगीत = \(\frac{30}{100}\) x 1000 = 300 सी. डी.
उत्तर मनोरंजक संगीत = \(\frac{40}{100}\) 1000 = 400 सी.

MP Board Class 8th Maths Chapter 5 प्रश्न 2.
360 व्यक्तियों के एक समूहसे तीन ऋतुओं-वर्षा, सर्दी और गर्मी में से अपनी मनपसन्द ऋतु के लिए मतदान करने को कहा गया। इनसे प्राप्त आँकड़ों को संलग्न चित्र में दर्शाया गया है –

1. किस ऋतु को सबसे अधिक मत मिले?
2. प्रत्येक त्रिज्यखण्ड का केन्द्रीय कोण ज्ञात कीजिए।
3. इस सूचना को दर्शाने के लिए पाई चार्ट खींचिए।

हल:

1. शीत ऋतु को सबसे अधिक मत मिले।

2. केन्द्रीय कोण
ग्रीष्म ऋतु = (\(\frac{90}{360}\) x 360)° = 90°
वर्षा ऋतु = (\(\frac{120}{360}\) x 360)° = 120°
शीत ऋतु = (\(\frac{150}{360}\) x 360)° = 150°

3. पाई चार्ट

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions English Medium प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित सूचना को दर्शाने वाला एक पाई चार्ट खींचिए। यह सारणी व्यक्तियों के एक समूह द्वारा पसन्द किए जाने वाले रंगों को दर्शाती है –

हल:
रंगों को दर्शाने वाला पाई चार्ट –

MP Board Class 8 Maths Solutions English Medium प्रश्न 4.
संलग्न पाई चार्ट एक विद्यार्थी द्वारा किसी परीक्षा में हिन्दी, अंग्रेजी, गणित, सामाजिक विज्ञान और विज्ञान में प्राप्त किए गए अंकों को दर्शाता है। यदि उस विद्यार्थी द्वारा प्राप्त किए गए कुल अंक 540 थे, तो निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए –

1. किस विषय में उस विद्यार्थी ने 105 अंक प्राप्त किए? (संकेत: 540 अंकों के लिए केन्द्रीय कोण 360° है। अतः 105 अंकों के लिए केन्द्रीय कोण क्या होगा?)
2. उस विद्यार्थी ने गणित में हिन्दी से कितने अधिक अंक प्राप्त किए?
3. जाँच कीजिए कि क्या सामाजिक विज्ञान और गणित में प्राप्त किए गए अंकों का योग विज्ञान और हिन्दी में प्राप्त किए गए अंकों के योग से अधिक है?

(संकेत : केवल केन्द्रीय कोणों पर ध्यान दीजिए।)
हल:
1. ∵ 540 अंकों के लिए केन्द्रीय कोण = 360°
∵ 105 अंकों के लिए केन्द्रीय कोण = \(\frac{360°×105}{540}\) = 70°
अतः दिए गए पाई चार्ट के अनुसार, विद्यार्थी ने हिन्दी में 105 अंक प्राप्त किए

2. गणित तथा हिन्दी के केन्द्रीय कोणों का अन्तर = 90° – 70° = 20°
∵ 360° केन्द्रीय कोण के लिए प्राप्त अंक = 540
∵ 20° केन्द्रीय कोण के लिए प्राप्त अंक = \(\frac{540°×20°}{360}\)
अतः विद्यार्थी ने गणित में हिन्दी से 30 अंक अधिक प्राप्त किए।

3. सामाजिक विज्ञान और गणित के केन्द्रीय कोणों का योग = 65° + 90° = 155°
विज्ञान तथा हिन्दी के केन्द्रीय कोणों का योग = 80° + 70° = 150°
∵ 155° > 150°
∴ अतः सामाजिक विज्ञान और गणित में प्राप्त अंकों का योग, विज्ञान तथा हिन्दी में प्राप्त अंकों के योग से अधिक है।

MP Board Class 8 Maths प्रश्न 5.
किसी छात्रावास में, विभिन्न भाषाएँ बोलने वाले विद्यार्थियों की संख्या नीचे दी गई है –
इन आँकड़ों को एक पाई चार्ट द्वारा प्रदर्शित कीजिए।

हल:
संगत केन्द्रीय कोण के लिए सारणी –

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 88-89

कोई परिणाम प्राप्त करना प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 5.7)

MP Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 प्रश्न 1.
यदि आप एक स्कूटर चलाना प्रारम्भ करें, तो सम्भव परिणाम क्या हैं?
उत्तर:
इसके दो परिणाम हैं। यह चल भी सकता है या नहीं भी चल सकता है।

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions प्रश्न 2.
जब एक पासे (die) को फेंका जाता है तो सम्भव छह परिणाम क्या हैं?
उत्तर:
जब एक पासे को फेंका जाता है तो सम्भव छह परिणाम हैं कि उस पर अंकित 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 और 6 में से कोई भी अंक ऊपर की ओर आ सकता है।

MP Board Class 8 Maths प्रश्न 3.
जब आप पहिये को घुमाएँगे, तो सम्भावित परिणाम क्या होंगे? इनकी सूची बनाइए। (यहाँ परिणाम का अर्थ है कि वह त्रिज्यखण्ड जहाँ पर सूचक (pointer) घुमाने पर रुकेगा)
उत्तर:
पहिये को घुमाने पर तीन सम्भावित परिणाम हो सकते हैं। सूचक A, B या C में से किसी भी त्रिज्यखण्ड पर रुक सकता है।

MP Board 8th Maths Solutions प्रश्न 4.
आपके पास एक थैला है और उसमें भिन्न-भिन्न रंगों की पाँच एक जैसी गेंदें हैं (आकृति 5.9)। आप बिना देखे इसमें से एक गेंद निकालते हैं। प्राप्त होने वाले परिणामों को लिखिए।

उत्तर:
थैले में 1 सफेद, 1 लाल, 1 नीली, 1 हरी और 1 पीली गेंद है। इससे प्राप्त होने वाले W, R, B, G या Y गेंद प्राप्त होने के पाँच परिणाम हो सकते हैं।

सोचिए, चर्चा कीजिए और लिखिए (क्रमांक 5.3)

MP Board Class 8th Maths प्रश्न 1.
एक पासे को फेंकने पर:

1. क्या पहले खिलाड़ी के 6 प्राप्त करने का संयोग अधिक है?
2. क्या उसके बाद खेलने वाले खिलाड़ी के 6 प्राप्त करने का संयोग कम है?
3. मान लीजिए कि दूसरा खिलाड़ी 6 प्राप्त कर लेता है। क्या इसका अर्थ यह है कि तीसरे खिलाड़ी द्वारा 6 प्राप्त करने का कोई संयोग नहीं है?

उत्तर:
जब हम पासे को कई बार फेंकते हैं और 1 या 2 या 3 या 4 या 5 या 6 आने के परिणाम को नोट करते हैं तो हम देखते हैं कि जैसे-जैसे हम पासे को फेंकने की संख्या बढ़ाते हैं, तो 1 या 2 या 3 या 4 या 5 या 6 आने के परिणाम लगभग समान हैं।

अतः इससे स्पष्ट है कि 6 प्राप्त करने के सभी के संयोग बराबर हैं।

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 90

संयोग को प्रायिकता से जोड़ना

MP Board Class 8 Maths Solutions प्रश्न 1.
एक पट प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
उत्तर:
एक पट प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता \(\frac{1}{2}\) है।

Class 8 Maths Exercise 5.2 Solutions In Hindi प्रश्न 2.
यदि एक पासे को एक बार फेंकें, तो परिणाम क्या प्राप्त होंगे?
उत्तर:
पासे को एक बार फेंकने से 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 समप्रायिक परिणाम प्राप्त होंगे।

Class 8 MP Board Maths प्रश्न 3.
परिणाम 2 प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
हल:

MP Board Ncert Class 8 Maths प्रश्न 4.
संख्या 5 प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
हल:
संख्या 5 प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

MP Board Class 8 Maths Solution प्रश्न 5.
संख्या 7 प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
हल:
7 देने वाले परिणामों की संख्या = 0
परिणामों की संख्या = 6
अतः 7 प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता = \(\frac{0}{6}\) = 0

MP Class 8 Maths Solutions प्रश्न 6.
1 से 6 तक की संख्या प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता क्या है?
हल:
1 से 6 तक की संख्या प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता

पाठ्य-पुस्तक पृष्ठ संख्या # 91 प्रयास कीजिए (क्रमांक 5.8)

8th Class MP Board Maths Book प्रश्न 1.
मान लीजिए कि आप पहिए को घुमाते हैं (आकृति : 5.11)

1. इस पहिए, पर एक हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त न होने के परिणामों की संख्या लिखिए।
2. एक हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।
3. एक हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त न होने की प्रायिकता ज्ञात कीजिए।

हल:
1. हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त होने के परिणाम = 5
हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त न होने के परिणाम = 3

2. हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त करने की प्रायिकता .

3. हरा त्रिज्यखण्ड प्राप्त न होने की प्रायिकता

MP Board Class 8th Maths Solutions