MP Board Class 11th General English Events Write Up

MP Board Class 11th General English Events Write Up

Example 1.
With the help of the words given below produces a write up on Annual Day and Prize Distribution Function in 40-50 words :
(i) Date of Function,
(ii) The Chief Guest,
(iii) The beginning of the Function,
(iv) Annual Report,
(v) Honouring of the students by the Chief Guest,
(vi)The end of the Function. (2011)
Answer:

Annual Day And Prize Distribution Function

The Annual Day and Prize Distribution Function of our school was celebrated on 25th Dec. The Chief Guest was the State Education Minister. He started the function by lighting a lamp and garlanding Goddess Saraswati’s picture. Then the Principal read out the Annual Report. The Chief Guest then honoured the meritorious students and eminent sportsmen. They were awarded medals, prizes and certificates. National Anthem was recited by all in the end.

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Example 2.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on Painting Competition in 40-50 words.
(i) The Occasion,
(ii) Time given,
(iii) Judgement,
(iv) Display of painting,
(v) First prize winner,
(vi) Distribution of Prizes. [2009]
Answer:

Painting Competition

On Children’s Day a painting competition was arranged in our school. Time given was three hours for on the spot painting. After the fixed time duration was over, the best paintings were displayed in rows. The first prize went to Madhukar Joshi whose painting was Mother and Child. Mukesh Sharma’s ‘Sunflowers and Roses’ was appreciated by all. The child displayed a fine sense of colours. Our Principal distributed prizes to the winners and congratulated them.

Example 3.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on how you celebrated your birthday, in 40-50 words.
(i) My date of birth,
(ii) The programme,
(iii) Greetings by friends and relatives,
(iv) Cutting of the birthday cake,
(v) Dishes and cultural programme,
(vi) Conclusion. [2009]
Answer:
How I Celebrated My Birthday
My birthday celebration on 5th April was a gala event. At 6 in the evening, my friends and relatives arrived. They gave me birthday presents. When cutting the cake all the invitees sang in a chorus “Happy birthday to you.” I offered them pieces of cake. Then tasty dishes and tea were served. It was followed by a brief but entertaining cultural programme. We had a jolly good time. I thanked all my friends and relatives for their kind visit and good wishes.

Example 4.
With the help of the words given below produce a write up on the Computer Block in your school in 40-50 words.
(i) Situation,
(ii) Accommodation,
(iii) Arrangement of furniture,
(iv) Guiding staff,
(v) Conclusion.
Answer:

The Computer Block

The new Computer block is adjacent to the Biology laboratory. It has seven rooms and a big hall. Each room has 8-10 computers. Arrangement of tables and chairs make it convenient for children of various age groups to be seated comfortably and handle the computer properly. Trained Computer professionals guide the students to operate the wonderful machines. In short, the computer block is superb and the facilities it provides to the students are excellent.

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Exercise

With the help of the given words prepare a write up on the topics given in 40-50 words.
(1) Our new house,

  1. Situation,
  2. Accommodation,
  3. Outer position,
  4. Facilities.

(2) Blood donation Camp,

  1. The date and time,
  2. Who donated blood first,
  3. Other donors,
  4. The reward is given to donors. [2009]

(3) A Charity Show,

  1. The Occasion,
  2. The entertainment programme arranged,
  3. Response from parents and patrons,
  4. The collection of the fund presented.

(4) The Republic Day Celebration,

  1. The Chief Guest,
  2. Welcome to the Chief Guest,
  3. The unfurling of the flag,
  4. Address of the chief guest,
  5. Cultural programme,
  6. End of the programme.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th General English Composition Based on Verbal Input

MP Board Class 11th General English Composition Based on Verbal Input

Example 1.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “The Scene at a Railway Station” in 80-100 words.
(i) Visit to receive a friend,
(ii) Train late,
(iii) Enough time,
(iv) Second class waiting room,
(v) Booking office,
(vi) Coolies,
(vii) Hawkers,
(viii) People around,
(ix) Train arrives,
(x) Friend came,
(xi) Train left,
(xii) I came out.
Answer:

The Scene At A Railway Station

Last Saturday I went to the railway station to receive a friend. On reaching the station I found that the train was late. So I had enough time to enjoy the scenes. The second class waiting room was packed to full. Some passengers were talking in groups, others were lying on the floor. There were long queues before the booking windows. The enquiry clerk seemed very busy. The coolies were carrying luggage to the platform. The railway platform presented an interesting amusing and absorbing scene. The hawkers were having a good time. People were anxiously waiting for the train. The scene changed as soon as the train arrived. There was a lot of noise and confusion. Everyone was eager to get down. They were pushed back by those who wanted to get in. My friend waved to me. I helped him in moving down his luggage. Soon the guard whistled and the train moved off. Now die platform looked deserted. I came out of the station with my friend.

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Example 2.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “A Visit to a Historical Building” in 80-100 words.
(i) Place of visit,
(ii) Building built by,
(iii) Its appearance,
(iv) Time taken to build,
(v) Visitors.
Answer:

A Visit To A Historical Building

During Dussehra Holidays I decided to go to Agra and see the Taj Mahal. It stands on the right bank of Yamuna. It was built by Emperor Shahjahan in the memory of his queen Mumtaz Mahal and took about twenty years to build. It is made of white marble. It has a beautiful big dome and has four minarets on the four sides. The dome shines in the moonlit night, especially on the full moon day. It looks like it is made of pearls. Inside, there are two beautifully decorated graves. People from all over the world come to see it.

Example 3.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “An Evening in a Park” in 80-100 words.
(i) The Cnnvd,
(ii) Children around,
(iii) The Scene around,
(iv) Natural view,
(v) Trees, towns and fences,
(vi) The Hawkers,
(vii) Evening refreshing.
Answer:

An Evening In A Park

An evening in a park in summer is always full of pleasures. There is a big crowd of people. Children run here and there to play. Women sit, walk or talk in groups. Old men play cards or gossip or talk together. It is all the more beautiful because of the natural background of the park. There are trees, grassy lawns and green fences. Many hawkers came there to sell their items. So an evening in a park is always refreshing.

Example 4.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “A Village Fair” in 80-100 words.
(i) Basant Panchami,
(ii) Location,
(iii) Occasion,
(iv) Large crowds,
(v) Kinds of shops,
(vi) Men, women and children,
(vii) Amusements,
(viii) Time passed nicely.
Answer:

A Village Fair

Basant Panchami heralds spring season. A fair is held in this season on the bank of a river at Nurpur village. Last Sunday, 1 visited this fair. It is also held every year in the memory of an old saint. There wais a huge crowd of men, women and children. There were shops of sweets, household items, utensils, clothes etc. These all were decorated with great charm. All were busy in purchasing their favourite items. Women were buying bangles, clothes and cosmetics. Children were enjoying sweets.
TJiere were merry-go-rounds, swings etc. A magician was showing various tricks. There was wrestling going on in one comer. I enjoyed and had a great time in the fair.

Example 5.
With the help of the words given below, produce a writeup on “The Independence Day-the national function” in about 70-80 words. [2008]
(i) Time of function,
(ii) The Chief Guest,
(iii) The beginning of function,
(iv) Progressive report,
(v) Honour of the Chief Guest,
(vi) The end of the function.
Answer:

The Independence Day

A notice was issued by the Principal of our school that the Independence day will be celebrated on the school ground at 8 a.m. Accordingly, all the students and teachers reached the school at about 7.45 a.m. The chief guest, freedom fighter Mr. Hiralalji arrived at7.55 a.m. He unfurled the flag at 8 a.m. All presented there saluted the flag. National anthem was sung in chorus.
N.C.C. cadets made the march past and saluted the flag and the chief guest. The Principal gave the welcome speech to the guests. The chief guest was honoured by garlands. In his speech Mr. Hiralalji addressed the gathering. He remembered the days of struggle for freedom and asked the students to be vigilant.

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Example 6.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on the “Role of Students in National Development” in 80-100 words. [2009]
(i) Students’ place in country,
(ii) Role they can play,
(iii) Problems of v
the country,
(iv) Contribution of students.
Answer:

Role Of Students In National Development

Students are the pride and glory of a nation. They can play a very constructive role in the progress, upliftment and development of country. Our educated youth have a tremendous responsibility on their young shoulders.

Our country is overpopulated and beset with poverty, ignorance, illiteracy and superstitions. The young students can play a positive and constructive role in every field of national development. They can enlighten the villagers about new techniques in agriculture. In short, they can bring a transformation in the society.

Example 7.
With the help of words given below, produce a write upon “Education gives Power or The Power of Education” in 80-100 words.
(i) Provides knowledge,
(ii) Trains mind,
(iii) Sharpens skill and ability, .
(iv) Helps to improve,
(v) Refines our tastes,
(vi) Improves the quality of life,
(vii) Control and shape destiny.
Answer:

Education Gives

Education provides us knowledge. It trains our mind and sharpens our skills and abilities and helps us to improve ourselves. Education refines our tastes and temperaments and builds our thought process. Professional and vocational courses equip us for adopting various professions. Education is important for our survival. It improves the quality of our life. Education gives us, power. We can control the situations and shape our destiny.

Example 8.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “The Value of Games” in 80-100 words.
(i) Necessary for life,
(ii) Removes monotony,
(iii) Makes our body healthy,
(iv) Learning good habits,
(v) Develop equality and brotherhood.
Answer:

The Value Of Games

Games are very necessary for a happy and healthy life. After monotony of the day’s hard work, we get freshness if v. e play in the evening. A sound mind exists only in a sound body. Games teach us team spirit and discipline.

We learn to be punctual. We are cheerful and make many friends. Games develop the sense of equality and brotherhood among players.

Example 9.
You are Ronak Agarwal, a student of Class XI. Write a report for “Advantages of Small Family” with the help of words given below :
(i) Population growth,
(ii) Problems of a large family,
(iii) One or two children,
(iv) Better facilities,
(v) Happy life. [2009,12]
Answer:

Advantages Of Small Family

Population growth is a great problem for developing countries especially. In these hard times parents cannot provide even the bare necessities to their children. If the family is large, every member has to live a life of scarcity. If we have only one or two children, we can provide them better facilities and hence, we all shall lead a happy life. Therefore, it is clear that everyone must have a. small family. Only then one can be happy.

Example 10.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “The Importance of English” in 80-100 words. [2008, 11, 15]
(i) International language,
(ii) Invention of internet,
(iii) Communicate with other countries,
(iv) Progress,
(v) Rich literature,
(vi) Students enjoy.
Or
Write a report on “The Importance of English Language”. You are Anil Sharma, student of Class XI. [2009]
Answer:

The Importance Of English

English is an international language and is spoken all over the world. With the invention of internet, no country can depend upon its local language. We can communicate with other countries only when we know English. To understand medicine, technology and trade we must know it well. Without knowing English no community can progress. We are the champion in information technology only because we have good English. It has a rich literature and students can enjoy it while and after learning it.

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Example 11.
You went to cast your vote at the election booth. Using following imparts describe in about 80-100 words, what you saw as a reporter:
(i) Queue of voters,
(ii) Polling officers and polling agent!,
(iii) Indelible ink,
(iv) Polling Box,
(v) Electronic Voting Machine. [2012]
Answer:

Scene At An Election Booth

When I reached 18 years of age, my name was enrolled in the voters’ list and I was given a voter ID card. Soon elections were declared and I got my first choice to vote. I was proud that as a citizen of our Great Country I can take part in making our own government. On the date of election I went to polling booth in my village at about 9 a.m. I found a long queue of voters at polling booth. I was happy that our citizens had become aware of their rights and duties. Soon I entered the booth. The polling officer No. 1 identified me and took my signature. The second officer put indelible ink on my finger. Previously the voters were given ballot paper which was marked and dropped in the ballot box. But now electronic voting machines have arrived. So the presiding officer sent me into the booth and I pressed the key of the machine and exercised my voting power. I was happy that the candidate whom I gave my vote, became the winner.

Example 12.
With the help of the words given below, produce a write up on “Exploitation of Parents by Private Schools” in 80-100 words.
(i) Number of public schools increasing,
(ii) Weakness of parents,
(iii) English medium schools,
(iv) Teaching shops,
(v) Make money,
(vi) Ignorant parents,
(vii) Temples of learning.
Or
Write a report in exploitation of parents by private schools. You are Ravi Dubey, a student of Class XL [2009]
Answer:

Exploitation Of Parents By Private Schools

Consumerism has reduced everything, including school education, to the economics of demand and supply. Thousands of so-called public schools have been flourishing on the growing weakness of the parents to send their children to ‘English Medium’ schools. Barring a few reputed and established names, most of them are nothing more than ‘teaching shops.’ They make money at the cost of ignorance and credulous parents. This is not good. Let our schools remain the temples of learning. Let us not bury them deep in the dung of wealth and gold.

Example 13.
Write a report in about 80-100 words for publication in your school magazine describing the “Celebration of the Teachers’ Day” using following details : [2008, 10, 16]
(i) Date of function,
(ii) The Chief Guest,
(iii) Honouring of the teachers by the students,
(iv) Welcome speech,
(v) Speech by a teacher,
(vi) Thanks by the students.
Answer:
Teachers’ Day
The school celebrated ‘Teachers’ Day’ on 5 September, 2015. The Chief guest for the day was the Principal.

All the teachers, staff members and students were present. The students of the seniormost class assumed the roles of various teachers and undertook their responsibilities. After half day a cultural programme was organised. It began with the lighting of lamp before goddess Saraswati by the chief guest. The welcome speech was delivered by the secretary of the cultural club. It was followed by a few songs, dance performances and a skit. After this the chief guest’addressed the students. He shared his views on the occasion, the degrading education system and some of his experiences on teachers’ day. In the end the chief guest, the Principal and the teachers were given gifts and momentos. The student teachers were also honoured. The Senior English teacher delivered a speech. He expressed the delight of teachers and thanked the students on behalf of all the teachers. Finally, the head boy of the seniormost class gave vote of thanks.

Example 14.
The following news report is about the ill-effects of pesticides. Making use of the given information, write an article for your school magazine in about 80-100 words.

There is Poison in you
(i) It’s there jn your water, milk, fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, flour and now…. soft drinks,
(ii) Evidence about the harmful effects of pesticides has been mounting for quite a long time,
(iii) From mentally retarded babies in one part of the country to cancer cases in the other part, it has been an unending saga of death and misery.
Answer:

Are Humans Pests?

Pesticides are used in controlling pests in the farms. They are meant to kill harmful weeds, insects and animals which are harmful to crops.

Their benefits to crops are many. But they can cause serious problems to human beings. They get into our water, milk, fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, flour and now…. soft drinks.

Evidence about the harmful effects of pesticides has been mounting for quite a long time. From mentally retarded babies in one part of the country to cancer cases in the other part, it has been an unending saga of death and misery.

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Example 15.
You are Rajendra Solanki, a student of Class XI in Govt. Excellent H. S. School, Barnagar. You have witnessed an accident between a truck and a car. Write a report for a newspaper about the accident using the following details. Where, when and how did the accident happen? [2010]
Answer:
Barnagar July 17,20….
We daily hear the news of accidents happening here and there, in which there is loss of people’s lives. Today I witnessed an accident between a Maruti car and a truck. The scene was so shocking that I felt my body trembling. It happened at Barnagar, Ujjain Road. I was coming back from school. A truck was coming from Ujjain and a car was going towards it. The truck was in high speed. Suddenly the driver lost the control of the truck and straightway it collided with the car. There was deafening collision. The car was broken into pieces and the driver was instantly killed. The truck driver was also severely injured. People rushed to help the other passengers ofthe car. Police also arrived and rescue operation started. I was so afraid that I could not sleep properly for several days.

Example 16.
The following are various headlines of different articles on different wildlife creatures and sanctuaries :
Katnataka plans Indian Bustard sanctuary.
Time runs out for Siberian cranes poisoned in China and shot in Pakistan.
Rhino poaching on rise in Kaziranga.
With above headlines of Newspaper write about “The role of sanctuaries in preserving wildlife.” [2013]
Answer:
Wildlife Sanctuaries-Their Problems and Their Contribution. Endangered by hunting and encroachments on their habitat, many species of wild life are in the verge of extinction. Our sanctuaries are not always fully equipped to meet the onslaught of poachers and hunters. But they have to quite an extent, saved our many species from extinction.

The Indian Bustard, one of the heaviest winged animals essentially a ground bird are an easy target of hunters. The Karnataka government has initiated a project to protect the bird at a wildlife sanctuary.

Shortage of staff, weapons and equipment with the guards engaged in anti-poaching operations has also been standing in the way of effective control of poaching.

The Rhino horns fetch a fabulous prize in international market. Hence,it is a lucrative proposition for the villagers in the vicinity of Kaziranga National Park to guide a poacher to a rhino than to depend on the environment projects which can bring only small benefits.

Loss of wintry habitat, an ardous migratory journey and hunting on the migratory route are posing tremendous threats to Siberian crane. Urgent measures are needed to protect the species whose numbers have been steadily decreasing at Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.

More or less, we have the infrastructure and the intelligence to protect certain endangered species, but there is a greater need to tap methods in conserving these species before they too are wiped out like many others.

Exercise
With the help of the words given, prepare a write up on the given topics in 80-100 words.
(1) Holi Celebration,

  • Commemorate,
  • Holika Dahan,
  • Holika, Hiranyakashyap,
  • Holika burnt,
  • Prahalad, unscathed,
  • Full moon,
  • Collect firewood, stack,
  • Worship,
  • Sing and dance,
  • Festival mood,
  • Sprinkling colour, gulal.

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(2) Christmas Celebration,

  • Marks, birth of Jesus Christ,
  • Bethlehem,
  • Joy,
  • Christmas trees,
  • Decorate,
  • Coloured, lights, song, cards,
  • Christmas cakes pudding,
  • Christmas stockings, “bells,
  • Parents,
  • Sweets, presents,
  • Santa Clause,
  • Father Christmas.

(3) The Children’s Day.

  • When to Celebrate,
  • Occasion,
  • Celebration,
  • Chief Guest,
  • Cultural programme,
  • Speeches,
  • Bal Mela,
  • Student’s stalls,
  • Prize distribution.

(4) A Well-planned Party,

  • Occasion,
  • Place and date,
  • Description of Venue,
  • Decoration,
  • Persons present,
  • Party games,
  • Cake ceremony,
  • Presents,
  • Food,
  • Gifts,
  • Atmosphere.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 16 प्रायिकता Ex 16.2

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 16 प्रायिकता Ex 16.2

प्रश्न 1.
एक पासा फेंका जाता है। मान लीजिए घटना E ‘पासे पर संख्या 4’ दर्शाता है और घटना F ‘पासे पर सम संख्या’ दर्शाता है। क्या E और F परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं?
हल:
पासा फेंकने पर प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
E (संख्या 4 दर्शाता है) = {4}
F (सम संख्या ) = {2, 4, 6}
E ∩ F = {4} {2, 4, 6} = {4} ≠ ϕ
अत: E और F परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।

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प्रश्न 2.
एक पासा फेंका जाता है। निम्नलिखित घटनाओं का वर्णन कीजिए :
(i) A : संख्या 7 से कम है।
(ii) B : संख्या 7 से बड़ी है।
(iii) C : संख्या 3 का गुणज है।
(iv) D : संख्या 4 से कम है।
(v) E : 4 से बड़ी सम संख्या है।
(vi) F : संख्या 3 से कम नहीं है।
A ∪ B, A ∩ B, B ∪ C, E ∪ F, D ∩ E, A – C, D – E, F’, E ∩ F’ भी ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(i) A : संख्या 7 से कम है = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) B : संख्या 7 से बड़ी है = पासे में कोई संख्या 7 से बड़ी नहीं है
= ϕ
(iii) C : संख्या 3 का गुणज है = {3, 6}
(iv) D : संख्या 4 से कम है = {1, 2, 3}
(v) E : 4 से बड़ी सम संख्या है = {6}
(vi) F = संख्या 3 से कम नहीं है
= {3, 4, 5, 6}
अब A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ∪ϕ
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
A ∩ B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ∩ ϕ
= ϕ
B ∪ C = ϕ ∪ {3, 6} = {3, 6}.
E ∪ F = {6} ∪ {3, 4, 5, 6} = {3, 4, 5, 6}.
D ∩ E = {1, 2, 3} ∩ {6}
A – C= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} – {3, 6}
= {1, 2, 4, 5}.
F’ = {3, 4, 5, 6}’ = S – {3, 4, 5, 6}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} – {3, 4, 5, 6}
= {1, 2}.
E ∩ F’ = {6} ∩ {3, 4, 5, 6}’
= {6} ∩ {1, 2} = ϕ.

प्रश्न 3.
एक परीक्षण में पासे के एक जोड़े को फेंकते हैं और उन पर प्रकट संख्याओं को लिखते हैं। निम्नलिखित संख्याओं का वर्णन कीजिए।
A : प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग 8 से अधिक है।
B : दोनों पासों पर संख्या 2 प्रकट होती है।
C : प्रकट संख्याओं का योग कम से कम 7 है और 3 का गुणज है।
इन घटनाओं के कौन-कौन से युग्म परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं ?
हल:
जब दो पासे फेंके जाते हैं, तो कुल संभावित परिणामों की संख्या
= 6 × 6 = 36
A= प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग 8 से अधिक है।
= {(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
B = कम से कम एक पासे पर संख्या 2 प्रकट होती है
= {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)}
C = प्रकट संख्याओं का योग कम से कम 7 है और 3 का गुणज है।
= प्रकट संख्याओं का योग 9 और 12 है जो कि 3 का गुणज है।
= {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 6)}
A ∩ C = {(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} ∩ {(3, 6), (6, 3), (5, 4), (6, 6)}
= {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 6)}
A ∩ B = {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4, 5), (5, 4), (4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6) ∩ {(1, 2), (3, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (5, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6), (6, 2)}
= ϕ
B ∩ C = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (2, 4), (4, 2), (2, 5), (5, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2)} ∩ {(3, 6), (6, 3), (4,5), (5, 4), (6, 6)}
= ϕ
A ∩ B = ϕ , B ∩ C = ϕ अर्थात् A और B, B और C परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं।
परन्तु A ∩ C ≠ ϕ, अत: A और C परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
तीन सिक्कों को एक बार उछाला जाता है। मान लीजिए कि घटना “तीन चिल दिखना” को A से, घटना 2 चित्त और 1 पट दिखना’ को B से, घटना “3 पट लिखना’ को C से और घटना ‘पहले सिक्के पर चित्त दिखना’ को D से निरूपित किया गया है। बताइए कि इनमें से कौन-सी घटनाएँ
(i) परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं ?
(ii) सरल हैं
(iii) मिश्र हैं ?
हल:
जब तीन सिक्के उछाले जाते हैं तो प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TIT}
A : तीन चित्त दिखना = {HHH}
B : दो चित्त और एक पट दिखना
= {HHT, HTH, THH}
C : तीन पट दिखना = {TTT}
D : पहले सिक्के पर चित्त दिखना
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT}
(i)A ∩ B = {HHH} ∩ {HHT, HTH, THH}
= ϕ
A ∩ C = {HHH} ∩ {TIT} = ϕ
A ∩ D = {HHH} {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT}
= {HHH} ≠ ϕ
B ∩ C = {HHT, HTH, THH} ∩ {TTT}
= ϕ
B ∩ D = {HHT, HTH, THH) ∩ {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT}
= (HHT, HTH} ≠ ϕ
C ∩ D = {TTT} {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT}
= ϕ
A ∩ B ∩ C = {HHH} ∩ {HHT, HTH, THH} ∩ {TTT)
= ϕ
अतः परस्पर अपवर्जी घटनाएँ
A और B, A और C, B और C, C और D, A, B और C.
(ii) सरल घटनाएँ : A और C
(iii) मिश्र घटनाएँ : B और D.

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 5.
तीन सिक्के एक बार उछाले जाते हैं। वर्णन कीजिए
(i) दो घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं।
(ii) तीन घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी और निःशेष हैं।
(iii) दो घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।
(iv) दो घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं किन्तु निःशेष नहीं हैं।
(v) तीन घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं किन्तु निःशेष नहीं हैं।
हल:
(i) दो घटनाएँ जो परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं
A = कम से कम दो चित्त प्राप्त करना
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH}
B = कम से कम दो पेर्ट प्राप्त करना
= {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}

(ii) तीन घटनाएँ A, B, C जो परस्पर अपवर्जी और निःशेष हैं।
A = अधिक से अधिक एक चित्त प्राप्त करना
= {TIT, TTH, THT, HTT}
B = तथ्यत, 2 चित्त प्राप्त करना
= {HHT, HTH, THH}
C = तथ्यतः, 3 चित्त प्राप्त करना = {HHH}

(iii) दो घटनाएँ A और B जो परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।
A : अधिकतम 2 पट प्राप्त करना
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT}
B : तथ्यतः 2 चित्त प्राप्त करना
= {HHT, HTH, THH}
A ∩ B = {HHT, HTH, THH} ≠ ϕ

(iv) दो घटनाएँ A और B जो परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं किन्तु निःशेष नहीं हैं।
A : तथ्यतः एक चित्त प्राप्त करना
= {TTH, THT, HTT}
B : तथ्यतः 2 चित्त प्राप्त करना
{HHT, HTH, THH)

(v) तीन घटनाएँ A, B, C जो परस्पर उपवर्जी हैं किन्तु निःशेष नहीं हैं।
A : तथ्यतः एक पट प्राप्त करना
= {HHT, THT, THH}
B : तथ्यतः 2 पट प्राप्त करना
= {TTH, THT, HTT}
C : तथ्यतः 3 पट प्राप्त करना = {TTT}
[नोट : घटनाएँ भिन्न-भिन्न भी हो सकती हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
दो पासे फेंके जाते हैं। घटनाएँ A, B और C निम्नलिखित प्रकार से हैं :
A : पहले पासे पर सम संख्या प्राप्त होना।
B : पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या प्राप्त होना।
C : पासों पर प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग 55 होना।
निम्नलिखित घटनाओं का वर्णन कीजिए :
(1) A’
(ii) B – नहीं
(iii) A या B
(iv) A और B
(v) A किन्तु C नहीं
(vi) B या C
(vii) B और C
(viii) A ∩ B’ ∩ C’
हल:
दो सिक्के फेंकने पर प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), …(1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), … (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), … (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), … (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2),… (5, 6), (6, 1), … (6, 6)}
A= पहले पासे पर सम संख्या प्राप्त होगा।
= {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4,5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} = A
B = पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या प्राप्त होना।
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
C = पासों पर प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग ≤ 5 होना।
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
(i) A’ = S – A
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)}
= B

(ii) B-नहीं = B’ = पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या का न होना
= {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4,5), (4,6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} = A

(iii) A या B= A ∪ B= {x : x पहले पासे पर सम संख्या का होना} ∪ {पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या का होना}
= S

(iv) A और B = A ∩ B
= {x : x पहले पासे पर सम संख्या का होना} ∩ {पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या का होना}
= ϕ

(v) A किन्तु C – नहीं
= {x : x पहले पासे पर सम संख्या का होना} – {पासों पर प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग ≤ 5}
A – C = {(2, 1), (2, 2), …, (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), … (4, 2), … (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), …. (6,6)} – {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1,4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
= {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3),…(4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), … (6, 6)}

(vi) B या C = B ∪ C = {x : x, पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या होगा} ∪ {पासों पर प्राप्त संख्याओं का योग ≤ 5}
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), …, (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), …, (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), … (5, 6)} ∪ (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), … (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), … (3, 6), (4, 1), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), … (5, 6).

(vii) B और C अर्थात् B ∩ C = {(1, 1), … (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2),… (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), … (5, 6) ∩ {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2) (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}.
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2)}

(viii) यहाँ B’ = A
∴ A ∩ B’ = A ∩ A = A
∴ A ∩ B’ ∩ C’ = {(2, 1), (2, 2), … (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2),…,(4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2),… (6, 6)} ∩ {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3),…(4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2),… (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), … (6, 5)}
= {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}.

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 7.
उपर्युक्त प्रश्न 6 को देखिए और निम्नलिखित में सत्य या असत्य बताइए (अपने उत्तर का कारण दीजिए :
(i) A और B परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं।
(ii) A और B परस्पर अपवर्जी और निःशेष हैं।
(iii) A = B’
(iv) A और C परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं।
(v) A और B’ परस्पर अपवर्जी हैं।
(vi) A’, B’, C परस्पर अपवर्जी और निःशेष घटनाएँ हैं।
हल:
(i) सत्य A : पहले पासे पर सम संख्या का होना
B : पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या का होना
A और B में कोई भी घटना समान नहीं है।
A ∩ B = ϕ ⇒ A और B परस्पर अपवर्जी घटनाएँ हैं।

(ii) सत्य : A = पहले पासे पर सम संख्या होना
B : पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या होना
A ∪ B = पहले पासे पर सम या विषम कोई भी संख्या हो सकती है, दूसरे पासे पर 1 से 6
तक कोई भी संख्या हो सकती है।
अर्थात् A और B परस्पर अपवर्जी और निःशेष घटनाएँ हैं।

(iii) सत्य : B’ = {पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या होना। .
= पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या न होना
= पहले पासे पर सम संख्या होना
= A
(iv) असत्य A= पहले पासे पर सम संख्या होना
C = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1}}
A और C में (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1) समान घटनाएँ हैं।
∴ A ∩ C ≠ ϕ
अत: A और C परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।

(v) असत्य B’= A
∴ A ∩ B’= A ∩ A = A ≠ ϕ
A तथा B’ परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं।

(vi) असत्य A’ = B, B’ =A
∴ A’ ∩ B’ = B ∩ A = ϕ
परन्तु A’ ∩ C = B ∩ C = {x : x पहले पासे पर विषम संख्या होना} {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2)} ≠ ϕ
B’ ∩ C = A ∩ C [∵ B’ = A]
= {x : x, पहले पासे पर सम संख्या का होना} ∩ {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1), A और C दोनों में समान घटनाएँ हैं।
B’ ∩ C ≠ ϕ
अर्थात् A’, B’, और C परस्पर अपवर्जी नहीं हैं और न ही नि:शेष हैं।

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade

MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade

Internal Trade Important Questions

Internal Trade Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
It is characteristics of where in one roof goods are sold by making different departments –
(a) Multiple shops
(b) Departmental stores
(c) Wholesale trade
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Departmental stores

Question 2.
Price is same in –
(a) Retail trade
(b) Chain shop
(c) Super bazar
Answer:
(b) Chain shop

Question 3.
Number of goods sold in wholesale trade is –
(a) More
(b) One
(c) Less
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Less

Question 4.
Less capital is required in –
(a) Departmental store
(b) Wholesale trade
(c) Production
(d) None’of these.
Answer:
(d) None’of these.

Question 5.
Which is not related to the trade by moving from one place to another –
(a) Hawkers
(b) Street sellers
(c) Pedlars
(d) Street shops.
Answer:
(d) Street shops.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
Which do not come in fixed retail sellers –
(a) General store
(b) Departmental store
(c) Hawkers and pedlars
(d) Chain stores.
Answer:
(c) Hawkers and pedlars

Question 7.
Shop where manufacturer also sells the goods –
(a) Chain shops
(b) Departmental shops
(c) Hawkers
(d) Stall shops.
Answer:
(a) Chain shops

Question 8.
In consumer co – operative store goods are sold –
(a) Only in cash
(b) Only credit
(c) Both
(d) Free
Answer:
(a) Only in cash

Question 9.
Payment made in internal trade –
(a) Import duty
(b) Export duty
(c) VAT
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) VAT

Question 10.
Not an movable sellers –
(a) Hawkers
(b) Street sellers
(c) Mill sellers
(d) Departmental stores
Answer:
(d) Departmental stores

Question 11.
Retail seller sold goods to –
(a) Wholeseller
(b) Consumers
(c) Departmental stores
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(b) Consumers

Question 12.
Not big shops –
(a) Super bazar
(b) Mall
(c) Fair trade shops
(d) Franchisee
Answer:
(c) Fair trade shops

Question 13.
Which is not characteristics of departmental store –
(a) Different departments
(b) Sole trade
(c) Under one roof
(d) Multiple management.
Answer:
(d) Multiple management.

Question 14.
Number of sellers in the automatic vending machine –
(a) One who sell goods
(b) Not even one
(c) One who received goods
(d) Two, one seller and other receiving payment
Answer:
(b) Not even one

Question 15.
Which is not a retail shop –
(a) General stores
(b) Street shops
(c) Old goods shop
(d) Departmental stores.
Answer:
(d) Departmental stores.

Question 16.
Which is not characteristic of wholesaler –
(a) Selling goods on large scale
(b) Direct relation with customers
(c) No focus on shop deco
(d) Trade of limited goods.
Answer:
(b) Direct relation with customers

Question 17.
Which is not big scale retail trader –
(a) Departmental store
(b) Super bazar
(c) Permanent shop
(d) Multiple shops.
Answer:
(c) Permanent shop

Question 18.
Which is not a permanent shop –
(a) General store
(b) Specialized shop
(c) Super bazar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Super bazar

Question 19.
Where departmental store are famous –
(a) USA and Europe
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Pakistan.
Answer:
(a) USA and Europe

MP Board Solutions

Question 20.
Which is not example of big scale retail shop –
(a) Departmental store
(b) Super bazar
(c) Multiple shop
(d) Mail store.
Answer:
(d) Mail store.

Question 21.
Whidris not retail store selling –
(a) Mail store
(b) Internet shopping
(c) Selling by AVM
(d) Super bazar.
Answer:
(d) Super bazar.

Question 22.
Which is not characteristics of super bazar –
(a) Member of super bazar invest their own capital
(b) This store remains in form of cooperative society
(c) Goods sold on credit in super bazar
(d) Situated at centre of city.
Answer:
(c) Goods sold on credit in super bazar

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. The business which is undertaken in one state is called ……………..
  2. ……………. is compulsory for cooperative society.
  3. Retailer is a link between ……………… and ……………..
  4. Hawker and Peddlers are the part of …………….. business.
  5. …………….. are shops opened by producers.
  6. …………….. Activities are done in postal business.
  7. …………….. there are many buildings and shopping center.
  8. Mcdonald’s restaurant is a example of ……………..
  9. All the basic needs are available in ……………..
  10. Organization of super bazar is based on ……………..
  11. …………….. Purchased goods from Hawkers and Peddlers.
  12. After receiving debit note firm issued …………….. as a proof.

Answer:

  1. Internal trade
  2. Registration
  3. Wholesaler, consumers
  4. Retailer
  5. Multiple shop
  6. Correspondence
  7. Mall
  8. Franchisee
  9. Departmental stores
  10. Department
  11. Housewife
  12. Credit note.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
Write true or false:

  1. Wholesaler sells consumer goods.
  2. Business by post is a example of retail trade.
  3. The decoration of chain stores are same in everywhere.
  4. Wholesaler is hot necessary for business.
  5. Super bazar is a biggest retail institute.
  6. Wholesaler sales goods to consumer.
  7. Departmental stores and multiple stores are Complementary to each other.
  8. Retailer is a link between consumer and wholesaler.
  9. Chamber of commerce works for the interest of industries and business.
  10. Chamber of commerce is voluntary organization for industries and business.
  11. Multiple stores are flourish in all over country.
  12. Mall offers lowest price of goods.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. False
  5. True
  6. False
  7. True
  8. True
  9. True
  10. True
  11. True
  12. False.

Question 4.
Match The columns:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 1
Answer:

1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (f)
6. (e).

Question 5.
Give answer in one word / sentence:

Question 1.
Purchase goods from wholesaler and sell to the consumers?
Answer:
Retailer.

Question 2.
Purchase goods from manufacturer and sell it to the retailer?
Answer:
Wholesaler.

Question 3.
Wholesaler reduces risk of whom?
Answer:
Retailers.

Question 4.
Who is middleman between manufacturer and the customer?
Answer:
Wholeseller, retailers.

Question 5.
By which name big business complex is called?
Answer:
Mall.

Question 6.
Different goods sold under one roof?
Answer:
Departmental store.

Question 7.
Institution which makes available goods to their customers at lower rates?
Answer:
Consumer cooperative stores.

Question 8.
Business done within boundary of any country?
Answer:
Internal trade.

Question 9.
Seller who deals from door to door for selling goods?
Answer:
Hawkers.

Question 10.
Machine used for selling and payment?
Answer:
Automatic vending machine.

Question 11.
Lac bangles market is which kind of market?
Answer:
State business.

Question 12.
Currency used in internal trade?
Answer:
Domestic currency.

MP Board Solutions

Question 13.
Market related to daily use product and perishable goods.
Answer:
Local market.

Question 14.
Into how many copies credit note is prepared?
Answer:
Two.

Question 15.
The business done in different states of a country is called by which name?
Answer:
National market.

Internal Trade Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write meaning of wholesale trade?
Answer:
Those traders which purchases goods in large quantities directly from the producers and sell in small quantity to the retailers are called as wholesalers.

Question 2.
Write the meaning of the retailers?
Answer:
Those traders who purchase goods from the wholesalers and sell directly to the customers is called as retailers.

Question 3.
What is departmental store?
Answer:
Departmental store is a big store engaged in the retail trade of wide variety of articles under the same roof.

Question 4.
What do you understand by chain shops?
Answer:
Chain stores are retail organization comprising two or more retail stores, owned and operated by under one management.

Question 5.
What is franchisee?
Answer:
It is an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities.

Question 6.
What is super bazar?
Answer:
Super bazar is a place where goods of daily use are available under one roof. The commodities are displayed in shelves and consumers are free to choose the commodities of his need and choice.

Question 7.
What do you mean by itinerant shops or hawkers?
Answer:
These are retailer who do not have a fixed place of business and they move from place to place selling their wares, e.g. utensils, toys, garments, fruits, vegetables etc.

Question 8.
What are chain shops ?
Answer:
Chain store is a group of stores handling similar lines of merchandise with single ownership and centralized location.

Question 9.
Name kinds of goods.
Answer:
Types of Goods are:

  1. Industrial goods
  2. Customer goods.

Question 10.
What is called as industrial goods?
Answer:
Those goods whose production is done for production of other goods are called as industrial goods.

MP Board Solutions

Question 11.
Write kinds of industrial goods?
Answer:
Types of Industrial Goods are:

  1. Raw material
  2. Semi – finished
  3. Finished goods.

Question 12.
What are consumer goods?
Answer:
These are those goods which are directly used in the society by the customers.

Question 13.
Write kinds of internal trade?
Answer:
The kinds of internal trades are:

1. Direct selling:
The selling technique where there is direct selling of the goods to consumers and have direct relation among them is called as direct selling.

2. Indirect selling:
Selling done by means of middlemen is called as indirect selling.

Question 14.
Write the meaning of internal trade?
Answer:
When the trading is done within the boundary of the country is called as the internal trade.

Question 15.
What is direct trade?
Answer:
Normally, it is seen that in the trading activities many middlemen also exist. That format of trade where no middlemen exist but the goods are directly sold by the producers to the customers is called as direct trade.

Question 16.
What is indirect trade?
Answer:
When the goods are sold by the medium of middlemen then it is called as indirect trade. They are:

  1. Wholesalers
  2. Retailers.

Question 17.
What is lorry receipt?
Answer:
This is issued by the transport company for giving acceptance to transport the goods from one place to another.

Question 18.
What is railway receipt?
Answer:
This is issued by the railway company for giving acceptance to transport the goods from one place to another.

Question 19.
What is invoice ?
Answer:
The details of goods which is obtained from the seller for credit sale is called as invoice.

Question 20.
What is proforma invoice?
Answer:
It is a confirm purchase order containing the terms and condition on which buyer and seller agree on the product detail and cost. A sale quote is prepared in the form of proforma invoice.

Question 21.
What is debit note?
Answer:
A form or letter issued by seller to advise the amount owed by buyer.

Question 22.
What is business?
Answer:
When any trading activity is done in order to earn profit then it is called as business.

Question 23.
Class business on the basis of geographical location.
Answer:
Class business on the basis of geographical location are:

  1. Internal trade
  2. External trade.

MP Board Solutions

Question 24.
What is credit note ?
Answer:
It is a monetary instrument issued by seller that allows a buyer to purchase any item or service on a future date. It is issued by seller.

Question 25.
Classify the internal trade on the basis of different levels.
Answer:
The internal trades on the basis of different levels:

  1. Local level trade
  2. State level trade
  3. National level trade.

Question 26.
Classify the internal trade on the basis of quantity.
Answer:
The internal trades on the basis of quantity are:

  1. Wholesale trade
  2. Retail trade.

Question 27.
When the trading from mail or post started?
Answer:
1872 in USA.

Question 28.
Write meaning of mail order business.
Answer:
When the trade is done through the orders which are received through the post and goods are supplied through post then it is called as mail order business.

Question 29.
Define mail order business.
Answer:
According to Canon and Richard:
“Business through post is a trade in which the orders are received through post and goods are supplied through post”.

Question 30.
Define departmental stores.
Answer:
According to James Stephenson:
“Departmental store is a big store engaged in the retail trade of a wide variety of articles under the same roof”.

Question 31.
What do you mean by multiple shop?
Answer:
A multiple shop consists of number of similar shops owned by a single business firm.

Question 32.
Write three objectives of multiple shops.
Answer:
The three objectives of multiple shops are:

  1. Fair price
  2. Elimination of middle men
  3. Absence of bad debts.

MP Board Solutions

Question 33.
Write two names of multiple shops.
Answer:
They are:

  1. Bata Shoe company
  2. Delhi cloth mills.

Question 34.
What are super bazars?
Answer:
Supermarket or Super bazar is a place where goods of daily use are available under one roof.

Question 35.
What is called as pin to plane shop?
Answer:
Department stores.

Internal Trade Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is internal trade?
Answer:
Buying and selling of goods within the geographical units of a country is known as internal trade. Either goods are sold at one place only or at the centre of the place, through the departmental stores, chain shops, super markets, by hawkers or the peddlers.

Question 2.
What is wholesale trade? Write characteristics.
Answer:
The trade in which the trader purchases goods in bulk quantity from manufacturer and producers and sells them to transfer or consumers in small quantity is called wholesale trade.

The characteristics are:

  1. Require large capitals.
  2. Goods are purchased in bulk quantity.
  3. Deals in a particular line of trade.
  4. Trade is done through samples.
  5. Goods are sold to the retailers.

Question 3.
Write the function of wholesale trader.
Answer:
The functions of the wholesale trader are as under:

  1. Collection of the goods.
  2. Storing of bulk goods at one place.
  3. Selling of the goods to the retailers.
  4. Providing the facilities of the transportation.
  5. To provide the finance facility.
  6. To take risk and provide advise to the producers and also retailers.

Question 4.
Define retailers. Write its characteristics?
Answer:
According to the Cundiff and Still:
“Retailing consists of those activities involved in selling directly to ultimate consumers.”
The characteristics are:

  1. Purchasing in a big quantity and selling in a small quantity to the customers.
  2. Deals in the variety of the goods.
  3. Requires minimum capital for the start-up.
  4. Cash and credit both the facility is made available.
  5. Personal contact the customers.
  6. Concentration on taste, fashion, customs of the society.

Question 5.
Write the characteristics of fixed shop retail trader.
Answer:
There are such kind of retailers which do not go on door to door for the trading to the customers. The characteristics are:

  1. They have more resources as compared to the hawkers and peddlers.
  2. They vary in the form, small to big sizes.
  3. They deal in the goods which have durability for short and long term.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
Write the objective of the facility of storing goods given to the wholesalers?
Answer:
Facility of storing goods given to the wholesalers because when the goods are produced by the manufacturers then they are not required to” be stored in the godowns is the manufacturer but they are transferred to the wholesalers. Hence, storage problem is not there with the manufacturers.

Question 7.
How manufacturer is benefitted by the information provided by the wholesaler?
Answer:
Wholesalers remain in direct touch with the retailers and due to which they give advise to the producers on the different matters. These matters can be related to the choice of the customers, position of the market, competition in the market and also regarding the need of the customers.

Question 8.
Differentiate between one commodity store and specialized commodity store. Can you find them?
Answer:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 2
Yes, they can be recognized by the following examples:

One commodity store:
Bata shoe store, Liberty shoe store, Raymond store, Titan watch.

Specialized store:
Kids readymade centre, Toys centre, etc.

Question 9.
Differentiate between the line trader and low price shoppers?
Answer:
Differences between line trader and low price shoppers:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 3

Question 10.
What services are provided by the retailers to the wholesale traders and the customers?
Answer:
Retailer provides following services to the wholesalers:

  1. They provide ready market to wholesalers.
  2. They provide market information to wholesalers.
  3. They also help them in dealing of large goods.
  4. They also take the business risk and help to the wholesalers.
  5. Helps in distribution work of goods.

Retailer provides following services to die customers:

  1. Regular availability of goods to customers.
  2. Information of new goods to customers.
  3. Facility of choose the goods.
  4. Home delivery facility.
  5. Selling in small quantity to customers.

MP Board Solutions

Question 11.
What services are provided by the wholesaler to the producers?
Answer:
Following services are provided by the wholesaler to the producers:

  1. To make arrangement for the selling of produced goods
  2. To reduce the risk involved in credit sales.
  3. To maintain the stock in the proper quantity.
  4. Reduction in the distribution expenses.

Internal Trade Long Answer Type Questions – I

Question 1.
Itinerant traders have been an integral part of internal trade in India. Analyses the reasons for their survival in spite of competition from large scale retailers.
Answer:
Itinerant retailers are traders who do not have a fixed place of business to operate from. They keep on moving with their wares from street to street or place to place, in search of customers. Followings are the reasons for their survival in spite of competition from large scale retailers:

1. They are small traders and hence rural customers and consumers from backward areas find themselves more comfortable dealing with them.

2. They normally deal in consumer products of daily use such as toiletry products, fruits and vegetables, etc. demand for which does not fall much with time.

3. The emphasis of such traders is on providing greater customer service by making the products available at the very doorstep of the customers. This makes it convenient for the consumers and helps in the survival of itinerant sellers.

Question 2.
Why are consumer cooperative stores considered to be less expensive? What are its relative advantages over other large scale retailers?
Answer:
A consumer cooperative store is an organizations owned, managed and controlled by consumers themselves. The cooperative stores generally buy in large quantity directly from manufacturers or wholesalers and sell them to the consumers at reasonable prices. Members get products of good quality at cheaper rates since the middlemen are eliminated or reduced.

The major advantages of a consumer cooperative store are as follows:

1. Ease of formation:
It is easy to form a consumer co – operative society. Any 10 people can come together to form association and get themselves registered with the a voluntary Registrar of co – operative Societies by completing certain formalities.

2. Limited liability:
The liability of the members in a co – operative store is limited to the extent of the capital contributed by them. They are not liable personally to pay for the debts of society. In case the liabilities are greater than its assets.

3. Democratic management:
Co – operative societies are democratically managed through management committees which are elected by the members. Each member has one vote. Irrespective or the number of shares held by him/her.

4. Lower prices:
A co – operative store purchases goods directly from the manufacturers or wholesalers and sells them to members and others elimination of middlemen results in lower prices for the consumer goods to the members.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
What services are provided by the wholesalers toward retailers?
Answer:
Services Towards Retailers:

1. Provide goods as per need:
Wholesaler supplies goods to retailers as per their needs. Though they have large stock, they sell in small quantities to retailers.

2. Minimization of wastage:
The unsold goods of retailers are often taken back by the wholesalers. Thus, the retailer does not suffer much as he has his own ways of disposing surplus.

3. Increase in sale:
Wholesalers make publicity and advertisement for and on behalf of the retailers. This increases the sale of retailers.

4. Control on market price:
Wholesalers exercise control on market price by releasing goods at the time of high demand, thus increasing the retailers margin.

Question 4.
Explain the usefulness of mail orders houses. What type of products are generally handled by them ? Specify.
Answer:
Advantages of mail order houses:

1. Limited capital requirement:
Mail order business can be started with relatively low amount of capital as it does not require heavy expenditure on building and.other infra structure facilities.

2. Elimination of middlemen:
The biggest advantage of mail order business for consumers is that unnecessary middlemen between the buyers and sellers are
eliminated which results in savings to the buyers as well as to sellers.

3. Absence of bad debt:
Since the mail order houses do not extend credit facilities to the customers, there are no chances of any bad debt on account of non payment by the customers.

4. Wide reach:
This system has a wide reach as a large number of people throughout the country can be served throught mail and die goods can be sent to all the places having postal services.

5. Convenience:
This system is very convenient for the consumers as the goods are delivered at the doorstep of the customers.

Mail order houses usually deals only in the goods that can be:

1. Graded and standardizes.
2. Easily transported at low cost.
3. Have ready demand in the market.
4. Are availabel in large quantity throughout the year.
5. Involve least possible competition in the market.
6. Can be described through pictures etc.

Question 5.
Write limitations of retailers.
Answer:
The limitations are:

1. Higher rates:
A retailer always hikes the prices for obtaining his share of profit. Thus, the consumer pays a high price for each and every product obtained from the retailer.

2. Limited area:
The scope of retail trade is confined to a limited area. Thus, he can cater to the needs of local consumers only.

3. Small profit margin:
As retailers invest small capital, they may not earn large profits. The volume of sales is less and hence profit is also less.

4. Lack of expertise in marketing:
Retailer lacks expertise in marketing and sales methods. So, he satisfies his local customers and is unable to increase his sales.

5. Goods of inferior quality:
Sometimes in order to increase his margin of profit, the retailer keeps goods of inferior quality or in short duplicate goods, but changes price of genuine products. In this way, consumers are exploited and the retailer loses his goodwill.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
Write demerits of super market/bazar.
Answer:
Demerits of super bazar are:

  1. Availability of large space at the heart of the city is a difficult task.
  2. Large capital is required for keeping variety of goods in bank, land and building, window dressing, etc.
  3. They are meant for middle or high class people.
  4. Maintenance and operating cost is more. .

Question 7.
What is Mall? Write its kinds.
Answer:
Any business house which is big in size and have all facilities inside it including Shopping centre, Service centre, Advertisement club and different offices are called as Mall.
Kinds of Mall are:

  1. Shopping arcade
  2. Strip mall / retail parks
  3. Regional mall
  4. Super regional mall.

Question 8.
Write the merits of hawkers.
Answer:
Merits of hawkers:

  1. Goods required and used by women and children are available at the door.
  2. Business can be commenced by investing less capital.
  3. Consumers valuable time, energy and money is saved from going to market area for purchasing goods of daily use like vegetables, utensils, etc.
  4. The rejects, remnant and wastes of houses are disposed to the hawkers such as newspapers, old utensils, plastic goods, etc.

Question 9.
Differentiate between super bazar and departmental stores.
Answer:
Differences between super bazar and departmental stores:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 4

Question 10.
Write the difference between departmental store and multiple shop.
Answer:
Difference between departmental store and multipe shop:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 5

Question 11.
What is super market? Write its characteristics.
Answer:
The market where the goods are available of the daily use at the proper price is called as super market. This also reflect like the departmental store. It was started since 1929 in the depression time in USA.

Followings are the characteristics:

  1. Large scale retail shop.
  2. Management is same as the department basis.
  3. As similar to department store they also sell different commodity.
  4. It does not have any sellers.
  5. Works on the basis of self service.

Question 12.
Why super market runs on loss?
Answer:
Followings are the reason of the loss in the super markets:

  1. Lack of proper management.
  2. Heavy management expenditure.
  3. Improper purchase policy.
  4. Less control on the goods.
  5. Corruption among the employees.

MP Board Solutions

Question 13.
What is mall? Write its characteristics.
Answer:
The shopping complex where different kinds of goods and services are available is called as mall. There are multiple stores/shops/counter situated in it. All are linked to each other so that the customers can reach to them easily. These kinds of shopping malls are already established in big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, etc. and they are running successfully.

Characteristics of mall:

1. Big size retail shops:
These are such shopping complex in which large numbers of shops are located for the convenience of the customers.

2.Different services:
These malls also not only provide goods but different services are also available.

3. Central location:
They are established at the central location so, they are easily accessible by the customers.

4. Different goods:
Goods are made available for the different age group people.

5. Ownership:
All the shops of the mall not belongs to one person but they belongs to the different persons.

Question 14.
‘Wholesalers should not be eliminated’. Give reason?
Answer:
Wholesalers should not be eliminated because of following reasons:

  1. They are also helpful for the customers.
  2. Wholesaler only predicts the future demands.
  3. Producers cannot find out the tastes of the customers.
  4. Retails will suffer if wholesaler will be removed.
  5. They favour the specialization.
  6. They also provide the credit facility.

Question 15.
Differentiate between Wholesaler and Retailer.
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 6

Question 16.
Why wholesalers should be removed? Give reason.
Answer:
Followings are the reasons to remove wholesalers:

1. Encouragement to black marketing:
Many of the wholesalers hoard goods with them with a view that when prices increases then it can sold. It leads to black marketing.

2. Increase in price:
Wholesaler and retailer is the link between producer and the customer. These middlemen add their profit in the price of the goods as due to which prices of goods increases.

3. More remuneration:
The wholesalers do not produce goods and even they do not bring any innovation in the product, but only on die basis of capital they sell and purchase of the commodity which is one of the simple task.

4. Advertisement of harmful goods:
Wholesaler some time gets engaged in the advertisement of the harmful goods as useful goods such as cigarette, gutkha, etc.

Question 17.
Write the characteristics of the departmental store.
Answer:
The departmental stores possesses the following characteristics:

1. Business under one roof:
Various departmental stores are present under one roof and one ownership dealing in a particular line of product

2. Variety of goods:
Departmental stores deal in variety of goods, each department dealing in one line of product For example; electronics, electricals, readymade garments, wood craft, cosmetics, etc.

3. Large capital:
Departmental store is a gigantic structure requiring lots of space for its departments. Thus, large capital is needed for requiring land, building purpose and purchase of goods in bulk.

4. Management:
Each department is separately managed by a manager but the whole departmental store is controlled and governed by a board of directors.

5. Other services:
It also provides certain services like parking facilities, entertainment and refreshment to the customers.

Internal Trade Long Answer Type Questions – II

Question 1.
What is Automatic Vending Machine ? Write its advantage and disadvantage.
Answer:
Automatic Vending Machine:
It is a revolution in terms of direct sales. The consumer has to insert a coin or taken of a specific denomination and the automatic machine disgarges the desired product. Normally, the use of this machine for vending goods can be done of standardized goods which are similar in terms of size, weight and price.

For example, soft drinks, newspapers, chocolates, platform tickets, etc. presently this method is gaining popularity in urban region. The speciality of this system of selling is that no sales¬man is required for any transaction. Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a similar machine which has brought revolution in banking sector. We all know the benefits of such machines.
Advantages:

  1. Availability of goods at 24 hours a day.
  2. No salesman is required.
  3. Goods identical in every aspect is sold through this machine.
  4. Operation of machine is simple and easy.
  5. Helpful for travellers as mostly such machines are installed at railway station.

Disadvantages:

  1. Cost of maintenance is more.
  2. Cost of machine is more.
  3. Similar coins are required which a consumer may not have at the time of need.
  4. Suitable for specific goods only.
  5. Functioning depends on electricity or battery. In case of no current or low battery, this machine stops functioning.

Question 2.
Write characteristics of mail order business.
Answer:
The characteristics of the mail order business is as under:

  1. Goods are sold by the advertisement.
  2. All the goods are sent by the mail and VPP is applied.
  3. Customers order through mail for the purchase of goods.
  4. No importance of the middlemen have in this kind of trade.
  5. Goods need not be stored for this kind of business.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
Is wholesale trade necessary? Give arguments in favour of it
Answer:
Wholesalers should not be eliminated because of following reasons:

  1. They are also helpful for the customers.
  2. Wholesaler only predicts the future demands.
  3. Producers cannot find out the tastes of the customers.
  4. Retails will suffer if wholesaler will be removed.
  5. They favour the specialization.
  6. They also provide the credit facility.

Question 4.
Write the problems of retail trade in India and also suggest to remove these problems?
Answer:
In our country the retailers have been great importance since long time. As per research 70% of the trade of India is done through the retail trade only. But they also have some common problems that they face. They are:

1. Lack of capital:
The main problem of the retail trade is the lack of capital and due to lack of capital. They cannot expand their business.

2. Lack of communication:
India is land of villages. Now also many villages have kutcha roads which acts as hurdle for transportation and even communication for the retail trader.

3. Legal formalities:
Retailers have to obtain license from the government for selling of kerosene, rice, wheat, oil, etc. which is a problem for them.

4. Bad behaviour:
Many officer and employees do not behave properly with the retailers.

5. Lack of modern selling technique:
Many of die retailers do not have the modem selling technique. This lead to less selling of the goods by the retailers.

6. Illiteracy:
Now also many people in our country are illiterate and they live in the villages, so the retailers have to teach them the use of different commodities before selling to them.

Suggestions to remove these problems:

  1. Government should provide loan facilities for providing funds.
  2. Development of means of transport and communication.
  3. Government officers and employees involved in corruption should be punished.
  4. Legal formalities should be made simple.
  5. Population should be educated properly.
  6. Government should make the arrangement of godown for storing the goods.

Question 5.
Explain the different types of small level retailers?
Answer:
Types of small level retailers:

1. Itinerant retailers:
They do not do their trading by the one place but move from one place to another. They are:

  • Hawkers
  • Peddlers
  • Line sellers
  • Low priced shops.

2. Fixed shop small retailers:
They have more resources as compared to the itinerant retailers. They are:

  • General stores
  • Specialized stores
  • Stalls of locality
  • Old goods shop
  • One commodity shop.

Question 6.
Difference between invoice and proforma invoice?
Answer:
Differences between invoice and proforma invoice:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 10 Internal Trade 7

Question 7.
Write the advantages of deparmental stores?
Answer:
Advantages of departmental stores are:

1. Large – scale economies:
Departmental stores enjoy large-scale economics because of bulk purchases from manufacturers.

2. Convenience in advertising:
Free advertising of a department is done by other departments. Thus, interdepartmental advertising saves the firm from spending more on advertising substantially in newspaper, magazines, etc.

3. After sales service:
The quality and quantum of after sales service is loudable in a departmental store. They provide extra facilities like refreshment, entertainment, etc.

4. Central location:
Departmental stores are centrally located. Hence, they are easily accessible.

5. Convenience shopping:
Departmental stores offer convenience in shopping, as all variety of goods are available under one roof.

6. Quality goods:
Departmental stores provide goods of superior quality.

MP Board Solutions

Question 8.
What are the necessary elements required for the success of retailers?
Answer:
Followings are the necessary elements required for the success of retailers:

1. Sufficient capital:
A retailer mist invest and possess sufficient personal capital. It is required for establishment of business, advertisement, expansion plans and for exigencies. Borrowed capital is a burden on the business and extra amount has to be paid back in the form of interest. Hence, borrowing of loans must be avoided.

2. Advertisement:
In todays world of cut throat competition, advertisement is an important tool for the creation of goodwill in the market. A retailer must emphasise on advertisement at local level and abstain from unnecessary expenditure on advertisement.

3. Determination of price:
A retailer must be cautions while determining the price of the commodity. (MRP) Maximum Retail Price is printed on packed goods but for unpacked or ‘open’ goods, reasonable price must be fixed. It must be customer’s ‘pocket friendly’.

4. Location of business:
The success of retailer highly depends on the location of the business promises. It must be centrally located and must be accessible to all.

5. Window dressing:
Nowadays window dressing is an important factor in success of retail trade. Huge amount is spent bn window dressing so that customers are tempted to buy commodities. Goods must be displayed properly. Widow dressing is usually done by jewellery shops, super bazars, readymade garments, shops, etc.

6. Cash and credit sale:
In todays business world, nearly 20 % to 30 % trade is carried, on credit basis. Credit sale is essential for increasing the turnover but a retailer must allow credit sale according to his capacity and only to known customers in order to avoid bad debts.

Question 9.
What are the elements required for the success of wholesale trade?
Answer:
Elements for Success of Wholesale Trade:
1. Sufficient capital:
Sufficient capital is essential for wholesale trade. Without sufficient capital, wholesale trade can’t be started at all. Also he needs sufficient capital to perform other miscellaneous functions like warehousing, grading, packing, advertisment, etc.

2. Knowledge of trade:
The full knowledge of particular goods is necessary. Knowledge about the availability of goods, rules and regulations of trade, etc. are also essential.

3. Knowledge of market:
Wholesaler assembles and collects the goods for selling. So, he must have full knowledge about the market of that particular goods and its demand.

4. Big storage:
Big storage should be there so that goods may be stored for a long time and in large quantity. Morever the storage must be safe.

5. Knowledge of advertisement and sales technique:
He must have proper knowledge about the various media of advertisement. He must have also knowledge of sales technique.

6. Personal quality of the trader:
The wholesaler should be hardworking and devoted person. He should pay proper attention for the development of trade.

MP Board Solutions

Question 10.
Give suggestions to make consumer’s cooperative stores popular.
Answer:
Suggestions to Make Consumer’s Cooperative Stores Popular:

1. There should not be any political interference:
To make consumers cooperative stores popular, it is necessary that there should not be any political interference.

2. Increase of capital:
Sincere effort to be made to increase the capital as without sufficient capital no business can prosper.

3. Appointment of experienced persons:
One of the reasons of failure of cooperative is unexperienced persons. So, in running cooperative stores, help of experienced persons should be taken and they should be appointed.

4. Development of cooperative spirit:
There should be development of cooperative spirit. The number of members should increase and members must remain active.

5. Price of the goods:
Price of the goods in cooperative stores should be less than the market price.

MP Board Class 11 Business Studies Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित आँकड़ों से बताइए कि A या B में से किसमें अधिक बिखराव है :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-1
हल:
माना कल्पित माध्य A = 45, h = 10.
yi = \(\frac{x_{i}-45}{h}\)
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-2
सूमह A के लिए:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-3
सूमह B के लिए:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-4
∴ σ = 15.62
विचरण गुणांक, C.V. = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\) = × 100
= \(\frac{1562}{44.6}\) = 35.02
समूह B का विचरण गुणांक समूह A के विचरण गुणांक से अधिक है।
अतः समूह B में अंकों का बिखराव सूमह A के अंकों से अधिक है।

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प्रश्न 2.
शेयरों X और Y के नीचे दिए गए मूल्यों से बताइए कि किसके मूल्यों में अधिक स्थिरता है ?
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-5
हल:
माना शेयर X के आँकड़ों में कल्पित माध्य = 52
और शेयर Y के आँकड़ों में कल्पित माध्य = 105
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-6
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-7
विचरण गुणांक Y शेयर में x शेयर की तुलना में कम है।
अतः शेयर Y में, शेयर X की तुलना में अधिक स्थिरता है।

प्रश्न 3.
एक कारखाने की दो फर्मों A और B के कर्मचारियों को दिए मासिक वेतन के विश्लेषण का निम्नलिखित परिणाम है :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-8
(i) A और B में से कौन सी फर्म अपने कर्मचारियों को वेतन के रूप में अधिक राशि देती है?
(ii) व्यक्तिगत वेतनों में किस फर्म A या B में अधिक विचरण है ?
हल:
फर्म के लिए: वेतन पाने वाले कर्मचारियों की संख्या = 586
मासिक वेतन की माध्य = 5253 रू
फर्म A द्वारा दिया गया कुल वेतन = 5253 x 586
= 3078258 रू
वेतन बंटन का प्रसरण = 100
मानक विचलन = 10
विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\) × 100
= \(\frac{10}{5253}\) × 100
= \(\frac{1000}{5253}\) = 0.19
फर्म B के लिए:
वेतन पाने वाले कर्मचारियों की संख्या = 648
मासिक वेतन का संख्या = 5253 रू
फर्म B द्वारा गया कुल वेतन = 5253 x 648 रू
= 3403944 रू
वेतन बंटन का प्रसरण = 121
∴ मानक विचलन = 11
विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\) × 100
\(\frac{11}{5253}\) × 100 = 0.21
(i) फर्म A द्वारा दिया गया कुल मासिक वेतन = 3078258 रू
फर्म B द्वारा दिया गया कुल मासिक वेतन = 3403944 रू
अतः फर्म B फर्म A की तुलना में अधिक मासिक वेतन देती है।

(ii) फर्म A के वेतन बंटन का विचरण गुणांक = 0.19 और
फर्म A के वेतन बंटन का विचरण गुणांक = 0.21
अतः फर्म B के वेतन बंटन में अधिक बिखराव है।

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प्रश्न 4.
टीम A द्वारा एक सत्र में खेले गए फुटबॉल मैचों के आँकड़े नीचे दिए गए हैं :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-9
टीम B द्वारा खेले गए मैचों में बनाए गए गोलों का माध्य 2 प्रति मैच और गोलों का मानक विचलन 1.25 था। किस टीम को अधिक संगत (consistent) समझा जाना चाहिए ?
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-10
= 54.75
फर्म B के लिए :
माध्य \(\bar{x}\) = 2
मानक विचलन = 1.25
विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\) × 100
= \(\frac{1.25}{2}\) × 100 = 62.5
टीम A का टीम B की तुलना में विचरण गुणांक कम है।
अतः टीम A में टीम B से अधिक स्थिरता है।

प्रश्न 5.
पचास वनस्पति उत्पादों की लंबाई x (सेमी में) और भार y (ग्राम में) के योग और वर्गों के योग नीचे दिए गए हैं :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-11
लंबाई या भार में किसमें अधिक विचरण है ?
हल:
लंबाई के लिए :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-12
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-13
भार के लिए:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.3 img-14
भार का विचरण गुणांक, लंबाई के विचरण गुणांक से अधिक है।
अतः भार के बंटन में अधिक विचरण है।

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Small Business

MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Small Business

Small Business Important Questions

Small Business Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Which is not included in small business –
(a) Business run by womens
(b) Cottage industries
(c) Khadi and rural industry
(d) Industry having investments up to 2 crore.
Answer:
(d) Industry having investments up to 2 crore.

Question 2.
Which is not the characteristics of small business –
(a) Unlimited work scope
(b) Free management
(c) Priority of workers
(d) Limited investment.
Answer:
(a) Unlimited work scope

Question 3.
In India the small business can be classified into how many categories on the basis of capital investment –
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d)5.
Answer:
(c) 2

Question 4.
Which is not the characteristics of cottage industry –
(a) Use of foreign technique in production
(b) They are organized by personal resources of the members
(c) Simple tools are used in it
(d) Small capital investment.
Answer:
(a) Use of foreign technique in production

Question 5.
India hasof small business undertakings –
(a) 95
(b) 92
(c) 90
(d) 94.
Answer:
(a) 95

Question 6.
In India small business units have ………….. position.
(a) 3rd
(b) 2nd
(0)4
(d) 1st.
Answer:
(b) 2nd

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Question 7.
Investment limit in small business:
(a) 20 lakh
(b) 25 lakh
(c) 10 lakh
(d) 2 lakh.
Answer:
(b) 25 lakh

Question 8.
In India which norm is not used for the measurement of business units –
(a) Number of person engaged in the business
(b) Capital investment in the business
(c) Quantity of production
(d) Number of educated people in the business.
Answer:
(d) Number of educated people in the business.

Question 9.
How many goods are reserved for small business –
(a) 800
(b) 700
(c) 900
(d)500.
Answer:
(a) 800

Question 10.
NABARD was established in the year –
(a) 1982
(b) 1985
(c) 1984
(d) 1986.
Answer:
(a) 1982

Question 2.
Question (A)

  1. For establishing of small scale Industries …………….. is needed.
  2. Cottage industries are directey related with ……………. area.
  3. By cottage industries we can stop …………….. to leave die village.
  4. By small scale industries we can increase ……………….. development.
  5. For establishment of small and cottage industries government help ……………..

Answer:

  1. Finance
  2. Rural
  3. Rural public
  4. Economic
  5. Financially.

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Question (B)
Fill in the blanks:

  1. First Industrial area established in 1956 in …………….
  2. District Industrial center established on …………….
  3. Problem of rural employment can be solved by development of …………….
  4. …………… is a base of Indian small scale industry ……………..
  5. In small scale industries there are ……………. chances in employment then large Scale Industries.

Answer:

  1. Okhal
  2. 1978
  3. Small scale industries
  4. Mixed economy
  5. More.

Question 3.
Write true or false:

  1. Small scale industries are smaller than cottage industries.
  2. Small scale industries are mainly established in village.
  3. For establishment of small scale industries we need huge amount of capital.
  4. For establishing cottage industries govt, do not provide any aid.
  5. Government step up for establishing small and cottage industries.
  6. Small scale industries are helpful in improving personal skill.
  7. National small scale industries corporation is established in 1955.
  8. There are more flexibility in small scale industries.
  9. Small scale industries are not able to produce foreign exchange.
  10. The series of small scale, medium scale is determined on the basis of invested capital.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. False
  3. False
  4. False
  5. True
  6. True
  7. True
  8. True
  9. False
  10. True.

Question 4.
Give answer in one word / sentence:

Question 1.
What is meaning of small business?
Answer:
A small business is an enterprise whose investment in plant and machinery is not more than 1 crore.

Question 2.
Name the four measures which are used for measurement of business undertaking?
Answer:

  1. Quantity of capital investment
  2. Value of production
  3. Quantity of production
  4. Number of labours.

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Question 3.
Name four units included in the small business.
Answer:

  1. Small scale industries
  2. Subsidiary small industrial units
  3. Export based units
  4. Cottage industries.

Question 4.
Write two characteristics of small scale industries.
Answer:
The characteristics are:

  1. Labours are kept on wages
  2. Machines are run by electricity.

Question 5.
Write three examples of small scale industries.
Answer:
They are:

  1. Carpet making of Panipat
  2. Hosiery work of Ludhiana
  3. Scientific machine making industries of Ambala.

Question 6.
What is subsidiary small scale industries?
Answer:
Those units which sells their minimum 50% of their produce to those units which so far are called as patent units.

Question 7.
What are export oriented units?
Answer:
Those units which export their 50% or more of their produce is called as export oriented units.

Question 8.
What is cottage industry as per Treasury Commission?
Answer:
According to the Treasury Commission “any unit which is run by the members of the family on full time or part time basis is called as cottage industry”

Question 9.
Write any three characteristics of cottage industry.
Answer:
The Three characteristics of cottage industries are:

  1. They are run by the member of the family
  2. These units many labour run their unit in their house only.
  3. These units generally fulfill the local needs.

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Question 10.
Write three problems of small business in India.
Answer:
The three problems are:

  1. Lack of finance
  2. Lack of distribution facilities
  3. Lack of skill labours.

Question 11.
Write different types of units established in rural, backward areas or mountaneous region?
Answer:

  1. Agriculture based units
  2. Cottage industries
  3. Khadi and rural undertakings.

Question 12.
Write three functions of the SIDBI?
Answer:
The three functions of the SIDBI are:

  1. Help in expansion of small scale industrial units.
  2. Providing loans at simple norms.
  3. Providing facilities of factoring.

Question 13.
What do you know about small business industrial ministry?
Answer:
This ministry takes decision for the progress and development of small business units. They also make programme and projects for them.

Question 14.
What do you know about agriculture and rural industry ministry?
Answer:
This ministry works as nodal agency for the khadi and rural industry, small and minor units etc. They also execute the Prime Minister Employment Opportunity Scheme. They also execute the different policy, projects etc. related to the agriculture and rural industry along with the medium of rural industries commission, handloom board, coir board and silk board etc.

Question 15.
Write the different help given by government in order to promote small industries?
Answer:
The different helps given by government in order to promote small industries are:

  1. To make industrial free horn selling
  2. To make provisions for making shade in the developed land
  3. For providing provision of 10 – 15% economic help in making of fixed assets.

Question 16.
Write two praises given by the government for small scale industries?
Answer:

  1. Along 800 commodities have been reserved for the small industries.
  2. Concession in production upto one crore.

Question 17.
Write full form of NABARD?
Answer:
National Agriculture and Rural Development Bank.

Question 18.
Which institution was established in 1982 for unified Fural development bank?
Answer:
NABARD

Question 19.
Name four institution which helps in promotion of small industries?
Answer:

  1. Commercial Bank
  2. Co – operative Bank
  3. National Agriculture and Rural.

Question 20.
Where is head office of NSIC?
Answer:
New Delhi.

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Question 21.
Name the unit run by members of the family?
Answer:
Cottage industry.

Question 22.
Which industry is run both in village and urban areas?
Answer:
Cottage industry.

Question 23.
What is investment limit of small industries?
Answer:
10 crore.

Question 24.
What is full form of NSIC?
Answer:
National Small Industries Corporation.

Question 25.
What is full form of DIC?
Answer:
District Industrial Centre.

Small Business Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write meaning of small business.
Answer:
Small business is divided into following categories:

  1. Capital investment not more than 1 crore in the normal small business.
  2. Fixed capital should not be more than 25 lakh in the small undertakings.
  3. If subsidiary industries having fixed capital more than 1 crore will be considered as big but in this undertaking has to sell minimum 50% of their produce to the other under taking.

Question 2.
Write the objectives of fund scheme made for the progress of traditional industries.
Answer:
The objectives of fund scheme made for the progress of traditional industries are:

  1. To develop traditional industrial units in different parts of die country.
  2. To develop innovation and traditional skill.
  3. Helpful in the development of technology.
  4. To develop distribution possibilities.
  5. To create long term employment opportunities-

Question 3.
“Small business units are helpful in creation of employment opportunities”. Discuss.
Answer:
Unemployment problem is viscous problem in India. Labour based industries are required for creation of employment opportunities for the vast population of our country. Small business establishment lead to maximum employment opportunities where less capital and more labour can be employed. Small business can also provide business opportunities and self – employment to the lakhs of educated people of the country.

Question 4.
How small business is helpful in the balanced development of different regions of the country? Clarify.
Answer:
Small business units are established in those semi-urban areas which lead to the development of backward areas. Decentralization of the industries can make balanced regional development. By means of small industries, production of those goods are done which have limited local demand and this makes multiplicity in industrialization.

MP Board Solutions

Question 5.
Give suggestion to promote the small industries?
Answer:
Followings are the suggestion to promote the small industries :

  1. For providing finance establishment of rural industries development bank.
  2. Giving loan by different public sector institutions to small industries on the basis of priority.
  3. Arrangement of training for small industries.
  4. Making arrangement of raw material and professional management.

Small Business Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the definition used by Government of India for small scale industries?
Answer:
The Government of India defines the small scale industries as per their investment in plant and machinery. In India the capital is scarce and labour is abundant this measure asks to keep in view the socio – economic environment.

Question 2.
How would you differentiate between an ancillary unit and a tiny unit?
Answer:
Differences between an ancillary unit and a tiny unit:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Small Business 3

Question 3.
What are the different parameters used to measure the size of business?
Answer:
Several parameters can be used to measure the size of business units. These include the number of persons employed in business, capital invested in business, volume of output or value of output of business and power consumed for business activities. Appropriate parameter may be used depending on the need and advantages or limitations of various measures.

Question 4.
State the features of cottage industries?
Answer:
Cottage industries are those where artistic goods are produced using manual techniques. For e.g. handloom, weaving etc. It is characterised by the following features:

  1. Cottage industries are organised by individuals, with private resources.
  2. Cottage industries normally use family labour and locally available talent.
  3. The equipment used in cottage industries is simple.
  4. Capital investment in cottage industries is small.
  5. Cottage industries produce simple products normally in their own premises.

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Question 5.
How do small industries contribute to the development of Rural areas?
Answer:
India is a developing country and in developing countries the scope of small scale industries are very wide. It is contributing to the socio – economic development in the following ways:

1. Contribution in GDP, Small industries in India account for 95% of the industrial units in the country. They contribute almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the economy.

2. Contribution in Exports 45% of the total exports from India come from small scale industries. Gems and jewellery, handicrafts, sports goods, etc. are some items of exports from small scale sector.

3. Employment generation small industries are the second largest employers of human resources. After agriculture and generate more number of employment opportunities per unit of capital invested compared to large industries.

4. Variety of production small industries produce a wide variety of products ranging from mass consumption goods, readymade garments, hosiery goods, stationery items, soaps and detergents, domestic utensils, leather, plastic and rubber goods, processed foods and vegetables, wood and steel furniture, paints, varnishes, safety matches, etc.

To the sophisticated items like electric and electronic goods, drugs and pharmaceuticals, agricultural tools and equipment and several other engineering products. Handlopms, handicrafts and other products from traditional village industries add to this diverse production from SSIs.

Question 6.
Write characteristics of small business.
Answer:
Followings are the characteristics of small scale industries:

  1. A small scale unit is generally owned by single entrepreneur or partnership.
  2. Small scale enterprises are generally managed by the owners only so there is die advantages of direct motivation, personal care, secrecy, flexibility etc.
  3. Small scale enterprises generally use labour intensive techniques.
  4. A small scale enterprise generally operates in a compact area however products are exported all over the world.

Small Business Long Answer Type Questions – I

Question 1.
How do small industries contribute to the socio – economic development of India?
Answer:
India is a developing country and in developing countries the scope of small scale industries are very wide. It is contributing to the socio – economic development in the following ways:

1. Contribution in GDP:
Small industries in India account for 95% of the industrial units in the country. They contribute almost 40% of the gross industrial value added in the economy.

2. Contribution in Exports:
45% of the total exports from India come from small scale industries. Gems and jewellery, handicrafts, sports goods, etc. are some items of exports from small scale sector.

3. Employment Generation:
Small industries are the second largest employers of human resources, after agriculture and generate more number of employment opportunities per unit of capital invested compared to large industries.

4. Variety of Production:
Small industries produce a wide variety of products rang-ing from mass Consumption goods, readymade garments, hosiery goods, stationery items, soaps and detergents, domestic utensils, leather, plastic and rubber goods, processed foods and vegetables, wood and steel furniture, paints, varnishes, safety matches, etc.

To the so – phisticated items like electric and electronic goods, drugs and pharmaceuticals, agricultural tools and equipment and several other engineering products. Handlooms, handicrafts and other products from traditional village industries add to this diverse production from SSIs.

MP Board Solutions

Question 2.
Describe the role of small business in rural India.
Answer:
Small Scale enterprises provide the numerous benefit in rural area.
The role of small business in rural India is explained in the following points:

1. Non – farm Employment Traditionally, rural households in India were exclusively engaged in agriculture. But now rural households have varied and multiple sources of income and participate in a wide range of non – agricultural activities such as wage employment and self – employment in commerce, manufacturing and services, along with the traditional rural activities of farming and agricultural labour. This can be largely attributed to the setting up of agro – based rural small industries.

2. Employment for Artisans Cottage arid rural industries play an important role in providing employment opportunities in the rural areas, especially for the traditional artisans and the weaker sections of society.

3. Prevention of Migration Development of rural and village industries can also prevent migration of rural population to urban areas in search of employment.

4. Poverty alleviation village and small industries are significant as producers of consumer goods and absorbers of surplus labour, thereby addressing the problems of poverty and unemployment. Promotion of small scale industries and rural industrialization has been considered by the Government of India as a powerful instrument for realizing the twin objectives of ‘accelerated industrial growth and creating additional productive employment potential in rural and backward areas.

5. Socio – economic aspects these industries contribute amply to other socio – economic aspects, such as reduction in income inequalities, dispersed development of industries and linkage with other sectors of the economy.

Question 3.
Explain the need and importance of small business.
Answer:
Followings are the need and importance of small business:

1. Employment:
Small scale industries are labour intensive so, they provide additional employment to men and women.

2. Use of local resources:
Small business uses the local resources which helps in development of those areas.

3. Balanced Development:
Small business units are established in the backward
areas and semi – urban areas which lead to the balanced development of the region.

4. Simplicity:
It is very simple to start and end the small business undertaking.

5. Motivation:
There is direct relation between the hard work and return, hence, it gives motivation for doing hard work.

Question 4.
Discuss the problems faced by small scale industries?
Answer:
Small business have been facing a large number of problems compared to large scale industries. The scale of operations, shortage of funds, procurement of raw materials are some of them. The detailed description of problems are as follows:

1. Finance the most serious problem faced by SSls is that non – availability of adequate finance to carry out their operations. Small scale sector lacks the creditworthiness and collateral required to raise capital from the capital markets or financial institutions and hence, they depend on local money lenders who charge high interest rates.

These units also suffer from lack of adequate working capital, either due to delayed payment of dues to them or locking up of their capital in unsold stocks.

2. Raw materials another major problem of small business is the procurement of raw materials. If the required materials are not available, they have to compromise on the quality or have to pay a high price to get good quality materials.

They purchase raw materials in small quantities due to lack of storage capacity and hence their bargaining power is low.

3. Managerial skills small business is generally promoted and operated by a single person, who may not possess all the managerial skills required to run the business. Many of the small business entrepreneurs possess sound technical knowledge but are less successful in marketing and may not find enough time to take care of all functional activities. At the same time they are not in a position to afford professional managers.

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Question 5.
What are the incentives provided by the Government for industries in backward and hilly areas?
Answer:
Some of the common incentives provided by the Government for industries in backward and hilly areas are as follows:

1. Land every state offers developed plots for setting up of industries. The terms and conditions may vary. Some states don’t charge rent in the initial years, while some allow payment in installments.

2. Power is supplied at a concession rate of 50%, while some states exempt such units from payment in the initial years.

3. Water is supplied on no profit-no loss basis or with 50% concession or exemption from water charges for a period of 5 years.

4. Sales Tax in all union territories, industries are exempted from sales tax, while some states extend exemption on for 5 years period.

5. Octroi most states have abolished octroi.

6. Raw materials units located in backward areas get preferential treatment in the matter of allotment of scarce raw materials like cement, iron and steel etc.

Question 6.
What are the future expectations from the small level industries in India? Clarify.
Answer:
The present Era is the regime of WTO, in which the rules of trade are subject to frequent changes as per global expectations. As a founder member of WTO, India has too committed itself to the policy framework of WTO. As a result, small business is also moving away from the pre – liberalization era of protection.

Infact small business sector should view globalisation as an opportunity for its active participation as suppliers of specialized components and parts. If small businesses are to maintain their market share and healthy growth, they have to create a level playing field for themselves. In short the mantra of success for small businesses in this modem era has to be think global, act local.

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Question 7.
Write a note on Small Industries Development Bank of India?
Answer:
This bank was established in the year 1989 as the public corporation. It started its working on 2 April, 1990. This bank is the main institution for the small industries. Followings are its functions:

  1. To provide loans and renewals of the banks of small industries and state finance corporations.
  2. To discount the bills of small industries get from sales.
  3. To develop the small industries in its distribution facilities.
  4. To help in development of industrial schemes.
  5. To provide technical services.
  6. To provide equity capital to the women and retired army personnels.

Question 8.
Differentiate between Cottage Industry and Small Industries?
Answer:
Differences between Cottage Industies and Small Industries:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Small Business 2

Question 9.
Differentiate between Subsidiary unit and Small unit?
Answer:
Differences between Subsidiary unit and Small unit:
MP Board Class 11th Business Studies Important Questions Chapter 9 Small Business 1

Small Business Long Answer Type Questions – II

Question 1.
What measures has the government taken to solve the problem of finance and marketing in the small scale Sector ?
Answer:
The contribution of small scale industries are remarkable. Thus, Government has provided the following institutional support to solve the problem of finance and marketing in the small scale sector.

1. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD):
NAB ARD was setup in 1982, to promote integrated rural development Apart from agriculture, it supports small industries, cottage and village industries, and rural artisans.

It provides credit and offers counselling and consultancy services and organizes training and development programmes for rural entrepreneurs.

2. The Rural Small Business Development Centre (RSBDC):
It was set up by the – world association for small and medium enterprises and is sponsored by NAB ARD. It works for the benefit of socially and economically disadvantaged individuals and groups.

It aims at providing management and technical support to current and prospective micro and small entrepreneurs in rural areas.

3. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI):
SIDBI was set up as an apex bank to provide direct/indirect financial assistance under different schemes, to meet credit needs of small business organizations and to co-ordinate the functions of other institutions in similar activities.

4. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS):
The NCEUS was constituted in September, 2004, with the objectives of recommending measures considered necessary for improving the productivity of small enterprises in the informal sector and to enhance the competitiveness of the sector in the emerging global environment by developing linkages of the sector with other institutions in the areas of credit, raw materials, infrastructure, technology upgradation, marketing, etc.

5. Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED):
The Rual and Women Entrepreneurship Development programme aims at promoting a conducive busi-ness environment and at building institutional and human capacities that will encourage and support the entrepreneurial initiatives of rural people and women by providing training and advisory services.

6. Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI):
The Central Government set up this fund to make the traditional industries more productive and competitive and to facilitate their sustainable development.

The main objectives of SFURTI are to develop clusters of traditional industries in various parts of the country build innovative and traditional skills, improve technologies and encourage public – private partnerships, develop market intelligence etc.

MP Board Class 11 Business Studies Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2

प्रश्न 1 से 5 तक के लिए आँकड़ों के लिए माध्य व प्रसरण ज्ञात कीजिए।
प्रश्न 1.
6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12.
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-1

प्रश्न 2.
प्रथम n प्राकृत संख्याएँ।
हल:
पहली n प्राकृत संख्याएँ : 1, 2, 3,….., n
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-2
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-3

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 3.
3 के प्रथम 10 गुणज।
हल:
प्रथम दस 3 के गुणज : 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-4
= \(\frac{9 \times 825}{100}\)
= \(\frac{7425}{100}\) = 74.25
अतः माध्य = 16.5, प्रसरण = 74.25.

प्रश्न 4.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-5
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-6

प्रश्न 5.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-7
हल:
मान लीजिए कल्पित माध्य A = 98, ∴ yi = xi – 98
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-8
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-9

प्रश्न 6.
लघु विधि द्वारा माध्य व मानक विचलन ज्ञात कीजिए :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-10
हल:
मान लीजिए कल्पित माध्य A = 64
तथा yi = xi – 64
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-11
= \(\frac{286}{100}\) = 2.86
मानक विचलन, σ = \(\sqrt{2.86}\) = 1.69.

प्रश्न 7 व 8 में दिए गए बारंबारता बंटन के लिए माध्य व प्रसरण ज्ञात कीजिए :
प्रश्न 7.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-12
हल:
माना कल्पित माध्य A = 105, वर्ग अंतराल h = 30
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-13

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 8.
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-14
हल:
माना कल्पित माध्य A = 25, वर्ग अंतराल = 10
yi = \(\frac{x_{i}-A}{h}=\frac{x_{i}-25}{10}\)
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-15

प्रश्न 9.
लघु विधि द्वारा माध्य, प्रसरण व मानक विचलन ज्ञात कीजिए।
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-16
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-17
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-18
मानक विचलन, σ = \(\sqrt{105.58}\) = 10.28.

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 10.
एक डिजाइन में बनाए गए वृत्तों के व्यास (मिमी में) नीचे दिए गए हैं।
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-19
वृत्तों के व्यासों का मानक विचलन व माध्य व्यास ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
दिए हुए असतत आँकड़ों को सतत बारंबारता बंटन में बदलने के लिए अंतराल इस प्रकार हैं।
32.5 – 36.5, 36.5 – 40.5, 40.50 – 44.5, 44.5 – 48.5, 48.5 – 52.5
माना A = 42.5, h = 4, ∴ yi = \(\frac{x_{i}-42.5}{4}\)
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-20
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी Ex 15.2 img-21

∴ मानक विचलन σ = \(\sqrt{30.84}\) = 5.56.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 16 प्रायिकता Ex 16.1

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 16 प्रायिकता Ex 16.1

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों 1 से 7 में निर्दिष्ट परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए।
प्रश्न 1.
एक सिक्के को तीन बार उछाला गया है।
हल:
एक सिक्के को 3 बार उछालने से प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TIT}

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 2.
एक पासा दो बार फेंका गया है।
हल:
एक पासे को दो बार फेंकने से जो घटनाएं घटी उनका प्रतिदर्श समष्टि :
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4,3), (4, 4), (4,5), (4,6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5,5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), 6, 5), (6, 6)}

प्रश्न 3.
एक सिक्का चार बार उछाला गया है।
हल:
एक सिक्के को 4 बार उछालने से घटनाओं का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि इस प्रकार है
S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, HTTH, HTHT, HHTT, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH, TTHH, TTTH, TTHT, THTT, TTTT}

प्रश्न 4.
एक सिक्का उछाला गया है और एक पासा फेंका गया है।
हल:
एक सिक्का व एक पासा उछालने पर प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}

प्रश्न 5.
एक सिक्का उछाला गया है और केवल उस दशा में, जब सिक्के पर चित्त प्रकट होता है एक पास फेंका जाता है।
हल:
सिक्के पर चित्त आने से एक पासा फेंका जाता है अन्यथा नहीं की प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T}

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 6.
X कमरे में 2 लड़के और 2 लड़कियाँ तथा Y कमरे में 1 लड़का और 3 लड़कियाँ हैं। उस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए जिसमें पहले एक कमरा चुना जाता है और फिर एक बच्चा चुना जाता है।
हल:
माना X कमरे के लड़के व लड़कियों को B1, B2, G1, G2, और Y कमरे के लड़के व लड़कियों को B3, G3, G4, G5 से दर्शाया गया है। एक कमरे को चुनना और फिर एक बच्चे को चुने जाने की प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {XB1, XB2, XG1, XG2, YB3, YG3, YG4, YG5} .

प्रश्न 7.
एक पासा लाल रंग का, एक सफेद रंग का और एक अन्य पासा नीले रंग का एक थैले में रखे हैं। एक पासा यादृच्छया चुना गया और उसे फेंका गया है। पासे का रंग और इसके ऊपर के फलक पर प्राप्त संख्या को लिखा गया है। प्रतिदर्श समष्टि का वर्णन कीजिए।
हल:
माना लाल रंग को R से, सफेद रंग को W से तथा नीले रंग को B से दर्शाया गया हो तो पासे को चुन कर अंकों को प्राप्त करने की प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6}

प्रश्न 8.
एक परीक्षण में 2 बच्चों वाले परिवारों में से प्रत्येक में लड़के-लड़कियों की संख्या को लिखा जाता है।
(i) यदि हमारी रूचि इस बात को जानने में है कि जन्म के क्रम में बच्चा लड़का है या लड़की है तो प्रतिदर्श समष्टि क्या होगी?
(ii) यदि हमारी रूचि किसी परिवार में लड़कियों की संख्या जानने में है तो प्रतिदर्श समष्टि क्या होगी?
हल:
(i) परिवार में दो बच्चे हैं वे लड़के, लड़की हो सकते हैं। इनकी प्रतिदर्श समष्टि = {BB, BG,GB, GG} है।
(ii) एक परिवार में कोई लड़की न हो या एक या दो लड़कियाँ होगी। अतः प्रतिदर्श समष्टि {0, 1, 2}

प्रश्न 9.
एक डिब्बे में 1 लाल और एक जैसी 3 सफेद गेंद रखी गई हैं। दो गेंद उत्तरोत्तर (In succession) बिना प्रतिस्थापित किए यादृच्छया निकाली जाती है। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
डिब्बे में एक लाल व 3 सफेद गेंद हैं।
यदि लाल को R से, सफेद को W से निरूपित किया जाए तो इस प्रशिक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि
S = {RW, WR, WW}.

प्रश्न 10.
एक परीक्षण में एक सिक्के को उछाला जाता है और यदि उस पर चित्त प्रकट होता है तो उसे पुनः उछाला जाता है। यदि पहली बार उछालने पर पद प्राप्त होता है तो एक पासा फेंका जाता है। प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात ‘ कीजिए।
हल:
यदि एक सिक्का उछाला जाता है और चित्त प्रकट होता है तो दुबारा उछालने पर चित्त या पट् आ सकता है। इस प्रकार घटना HH या HT होगी। पट् आने पर पासा फेंका जाता है। पासा फेंकने से संख्या 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 आ सकती है।
∴ प्रतिदर्श समष्टि = {HH, HT, TI, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}.

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 11.
मान लीजिए कि बल्बों के एक ढेर में से 3 बल्ब यादृच्छया निकाले जाते हैं। प्रत्येक बल्ब को जाँचा जाता है और उसे खराब (D) या ठीक (N) में वर्गीकृत करते हैं। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
खराब के लिए D और ठीक बल्ब को N द्वारा निरूपित करते हैं। तीन बल्बों से बना प्रतिदर्श समष्टि इस प्रकार है।
{DDD, DDN, DND, NDD, NND, NDN, DNN, NNN}

प्रश्न 12.
एक सिक्का उछाला जाता है। यदि परिणाम चित्त हो तो एक पासा फेंका जाता है। यदि पासे पर एक सम संख्या प्रकट होती है, तो पासे को पुनः फेंका जाता है। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
एक सिक्का उछालने पर यदि चित्त को H से और पट को T से दर्शाया जाए और चित्त आने पर पासा फेंका जाता है H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 की घटनाएं हो सकती हैं। H2, H4, H6 आने की अवस्था में पासा दुबारा फेंका जाता है जिससे प्रत्येक की 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 की छः घटनाएं हो सकती हैं।
इस प्रकार प्रतिदर्श समष्टि है :
{T, H1, H3, H5, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H41, H42, H43, 144, H45, H46, H61, H62, H63, H64, H65, H66}

प्रश्न 13.
कागज की चार पर्चियों पर संख्याएँ 1, 2, 3, 4 अलग-अलग लिखी गई हैं। इन पर्चियों को एक डिब्बे में रख कर भली-भाँति मिलाया गया है। एक व्यक्ति डिब्बे में से दो पर्चियाँ एक के बाद दूसरी बिना प्रतिस्थापित किए निकालता है। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
एक डिब्बे में चार पर्चियाँ हैं। जिन पर 1, 2, 3, 4 लिखा है। यदि पर्ची सं. 1 पहली पर्ची हो दूसरी पर्ची पर सं. 2, 3, 4 लिखा होगा। इसी प्रकार पहली पर्ची पर 2 लिखा हो तो शेष पर्ची पर 1, 3, 4 लिखा होगा।
इस प्रकार प्रतिदर्श समष्टि है :
{(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4,3)}

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 14.
एक परीक्षण में एक पासा फेंका जाता है और यदि पासे पर प्राप्त संख्या सम है तो एक सिक्का एक बार उछाला जाता है। यदि पासे पर प्राप्त संख्या विषम है तो सिक्के को दो बार उछालते हैं। प्रतिदर्श समष्टि लिखिए।
हल:
पासा फेंकने से यदि सम संख्या प्राप्त होती है तो सिक्का उछालने पर H या T की घटना होगी। यदि पासे पर विषम संख्या आती है तो सिक्का दो बार उछाला जाता है जिससे HH, HT, TH, TT घटनाएँ हो सकती हैं। इस प्रकार प्रतिदर्श समष्टि इस प्रकार है-
{2H, 2T, 4H, 4T, 6H, 6T, 1HH, 1HT, 1TH, 1TT, 3HH, 3HT, 3TH, 3TT, 5HH, SHT, 5TH, 5TT}.

प्रश्न 15.
एक सिक्का उछाला गया यदि उस पर पद प्रकट होता है तो एक डिब्बे में से जिसमें 2 लाल और 3 काली गेंदे रखी हैं, एक गेंद निकालते हैं। यदि सिक्के पर चित्त प्रकट होता है तो एक पासा फेंका जाता है। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि लिखिए।
हल:
यदि लाल रंग की गेंद को R1, R2, से तथा काले रंग की गेंद को B1, B2, B3 से दर्शाया जाए तो सिक्का उछालने पर यदि पट् आता है तो R1, R2, B1, B2, B3, में से एक घटना होगी। यदि सिक्के पर चित्त आता है तो पासा फेंकने से 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 आते हैं। तो प्रतिदर्श समष्टि इस प्रकार है :
{TR1, TR2, TB1, TB2, TB3, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6}.

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 16.
एक पासे को बार-बार तब तक फेंका जाता है जब तक उस पर 6 प्रकट न हो जाए। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि क्या है ?
हल:
6 आने पर पासा दुबारा नहीं फेंका जाएगा। यदि 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 में से कोई संख्या प्रकट होती है तो पासा दुबारा नहीं फेंका जाता। इस परीक्षण का प्रतिदर्श समष्टि है :
{6, (1, 6), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (1, 1, 6), (1, 2, 6),… (1, 5, 6), (2, 1, 6), (2, 2, 6), …, (2, 5, 6),… (3, 1, 6), (3, 2, 6), …, (3, 5, 6), (4, 1, 6), (4, 2, 6), … (4, 5, 6), (5, 1, 6), (5, 2, 6),…, (5, 5, 6)….}.

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passages

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passages

In the new syllabus, two unseen passages are to be solved. They will be of two kinds :

  1. In the first passage after reading, you will be asked to answer some questions and vocabulary shall be tested.
  2. In the second passage, you will be asked to make notes and vocabulary questions will also be given.

आपके पाठ्यक्रम में दो Unseen passages पूछे जायेंगे। प्रथम में प्रश्नोत्तर व शब्द भण्डार पर प्रश्न होंगे व दूसरे में सामग्री पर Notes बनाने होंगे व Vocabulary पर प्रश्न होंगे।

MP Board Solutions

Section : A-1

हम यहाँ पहले सरल व सामान्य Passages दे रहे हैं व आगे उच्च स्तर के Passages होंगे।

Solved Exercises

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 1

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given below:

Ecology teaches us the interdependence of all life forms, yoga goes a step further and teaches us the unity of all life forms With the wider and deeper understanding of Ecology, man has come to understand his link with nature better. He has shed his anthropocentric arrogance. It is hoped that he will take a step further and (pome to the ‘Amrit of Yoga as many ecologists have already done.

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose noted the ability of plants to react to its environs. That was in the 1920s. After his demise, the research was given up. It was left to the modern day scientists to produce irrefutable proof that plants can not only establish ‘Yoga’ with living things around them, including man, but also can read our minds and intentions. The doyen of these living researches, Cleve Backster says, “There is no doubt in my mind that we are all one”. Most of the top scientists of the world echo these sentiments, or rather, this conviction. All say, “We are Unity”. And in the spectrum of‘ we’ every living thing on this earth is included. The language of the theory of the hoary ‘Yogis’ may be unintelligible: the ground trod may be ‘terra incognita’ to us. Now, however, scientists are speaking in scientific parlance, which we can comprehend. But shall we heed even them?

We have the various traditional paths to yoga: Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, Tantra Yoga and others. For the scientifically inclined modern man, a new path has been discovered. Let us name is “Ecology Yoga”.

[Word Meanings: Ecology = Branch of Biology that deals with the habits of living things पारिस्थिति विज्ञान। Anthropo Centric = मानव केन्द्रित। वातावरण = ARRUTI (Surroundings) I doyen = वरिष्ठ कूटनीतिज्ञ]

Questions
A. (a) What does Yoga teach us?
(b) What is expected of a man?
(c) What was observed by J. C. Bose?
(d) Mention the two things that plants can do?
(e) Name the various traditional paths of Yoga.
(f) Give a suitable title to the above passage.
B. Find out the words from the passage which have the opposite of the words traditional, include & heed.
Answers :
(a) Yoga teaches us the unity of all life forms. [2008]
(b) It is expected of a man to come to the Amrit of Yoga.
(c) He observed the ability of plants to react to its environs.
(d) Bose’s research was given up because he died.
(e) (i) They can establish yoga.
(ii) They can read minds and intentions.
(f) Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga, Tantra Yoga.
(i) humility.
(ii) exclude.
(iii) ignore.

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 2

Strength is essential. Strength is one thing, awareness of strength is another. It is not enough. If we are strong, we should also be aware of our strength. It is not enough. If we are rich, we should also be aware of our richness. Our strength and wealth will be useless if we are not aware of their existence in us then it makes no difference whether we have them or do not have them. Ramesh is a rich person. He has cash in his pocket. On the way to a hotel his pocket is picked and his cash is lost. Ramesh has no knowledge of the loss. He goes to the Restaurant, sits with confidence and eats like a lord. Praveen is a poor person, he has no money. He is hungry. He stands near a hotel. Somebody related to him goes close to him and thrusts into his pocket a thousand rupee note folded in a piece of paper. Poor Praveen is not aware of the cash in his pocket. He stands on the pavement and begs for alms. Though he can afford to eat like a lord sitting in a Restaurant. It is the awareness or ignorance that causes the feeling of the richness or poverty. A rich person may be poor for want of awareness of his wealth and a person without money may behave dike a rich man on account of his ignorance of the strength of wealth.

Awareness of our culture, glory and heritage is sure source of strength. This awareness of our country’s wealth is called National Pride. It makes us hold our heads high with confidence and self-esteem.

[Word Meanings-Aware = having knowledge of जानकरी होना Existence = अस्तित्व। Thrust = push with force घुसाना। Pavement = फुटपाथ| Afford – to be able to buy क्रयशक्ति होना Heritage = inherited विरासत में प्राप्त I Esteem = respect आदर भाव Alms = भिखी]

Questions :
A. (a) In what condition our strength and wealth will be useless?
(b) What is the comparison in two instances of Ramesh and Praveen?
(c) How did Ramesh behave? On what basis did he behave so?
(d) How did Praveen behave?
(e) What is the real source of strength?
(f) What is called national pride?
B. Do as directed :
(a) Find out a word from the passage that means—a lack of knowledge.
(b) Give the adjective form of ‘poverty’.
(c) Give noun form of ‘hungry’.
Answers ;
A. (a) If we are unaware of our strength and wealth, they will be useless.
(b) The comparison between the two instances of Ramesh and Praveen is the ignorance of poverty and richness.
(c) Ramesh behaved like a lord because he thought he had money in his pocket while it was picked by someone.
(d) Praveen behaved like a beggar because he did not have the knowledge that he has money in his pocket.
(e) The real source of strength is awareness of our culture, glory and heritage.
(f) The awareness of our countiy’s wealth is called National Pride.
B. (a) Ignorance, (b) Poor, (c) Hunger.

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 3

The blessings which the reading habit confers on its possessor are many, provided we choose the right kind of books. Reading gives the highest kind of pleasure. Some books we read simply for pleasure and amusement e.g., good novels. And novels and books of imagination must have their place in everybody’s reading. When we are tired, or the brain is weary with serious study, it is healthy recreation to lose ourselves in some absorbing story written by a master hand. But to read nothing but books of fiction is like eating cakes and sweet-meats. As we need plain wholesome food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind and here we can choose to our taste. There are many books on history, geography, philosophy, religion, travel and science which we ought to read, and which will give us not only pleasure but education. And we can develop a taste for serious reading, so that in the end it will give us more solid pleasure than even novels and books of fiction. Nor should poetry be neglected, for the best poetry gives us noble thoughts and beautiful imaginings clothed in lovely and musical language.

[Word Meanings: Provided on the condition बशर्ते Confer give, bestow प्रदान करना। Amusement = entertainment मनोरंजन। Weary = tired थका हुआ। Absorb = take or suck in सोखना। Fiction = novel उपन्यास।]

MP Board Solutions

Questions:
A (a) What is the condition for getting blessings of the reading habit?
(b) Which books do we read simply for pleasure?
(c) Which is the healthy recreation when we are tired or weary?
(d) How is reading only books of fiction like?
(e) Which books give us pleasure and education.
(f) What does poetry give us?
B. Select words from the passage which give the following meanings :
(a) give an honour or favour.
(b) beneficial for you.
(c) to give not enough care or attention.
Answers:
A (a) The condition is the choice of right books.
(b) We read good novels and the books of stories simply for pleasure.
(c) When we are tired and weary the healthy recreation is to lose ourselves in some absorbing story written by a master hand.
(d) Reading only books of fiction is like eating cakes and sweet-meats.
(e) Books on history, geography, philosophy, religion, travel and science give us not only pleasure but education also.
(1) Poetry gives us noble thoughts and beautiful imaginings clothed in lovely and musical language.
B. (a) confer, (b) wholesome, (c) neglect. [2009, 10]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 4

I love India as the birthplace of the highest and best of all religions, as the country that has grandest mountains, the Himalayas, the country where the homes are simple, where domestic happiness is most to be found, and where the women unselfishly, unobtrusively, ungrudgingly serve the dear ones from early morn to dewy eve.

India is above all others, the land of great women. Wherever we turn, whether history or literature, we are met on eveiy hand by those figures, whose strengths she mothered and recognized, while she keeps their memory eternally sacred.

I believe that India is one, indissoluble, national unity is built on the common home, the common interest and the common love. I believe that the strength, which spoke in Vedas and Upnishads, in the making of religions and empires, in the learning of scholars, and meditation of the saints, is born once more amongst us; its name today is ‘Nationality’, I believe that the present of India is deep-rooted in her past, and that before her, shines a glorious future. O! Nationality, come there to me as joy or sorrow, as honour or as shame! Make me thine own !!

[Word Meanings : Unobtrusively = not easily noticably अप्रात्यक्ष Ungrudgingly = wholeheartedly पूरे मन से Indissoluble = unbreakable अट् टू Thine = your तुम्हारा।]

Questions:
A. (a) Why does the author love India?
(b) How is national unity built?
(c) Why does the author call India the land of great women?
(d) When we turn to history or literature, what do we find?
(e) Whose memory is kept eternally sacred?
(0 Give a suitable title to the passage.
B. Do as directed :
(a) Give the opposite of ‘sacred’.
(b) Give the word from the passage that gives the same meaning of ‘graceful’.
(c) Give the noun form of ‘belief’.
Answers :
A. (a) The author loves India as the birth place of the highest and best of all religions, as the country that has grandest mountains, and the country where homes are simple, where domestic happiness is most to be found and where the women serve the dear ones.
(b) National unity is built on the common home, common interest and common love. •
(c) The author calls India, the land of great women because here women unselfishly, unobtrusively, ungrudgingly serve the dear ones from early morning to dewy eve.
(d) When we turn to history or literature, we are met on every hand by those figures, whose strengths India mothered and recognized.
(e) The memory of great women of India is kept eternally sacred.
(0 India : A Great Country.
(a) corrupt, (b) honour, (c) belief. [2011]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 5

Discipline means obedience to the established rules of conduct. Certain rules have been laid down in every society to control and regulate the life and activities of its members so that the society as a whole may progress in harmony and peace. If any of these rules is broken, there is trouble and society suffers. In fact, discipline is the very basis of progress in every sphere, public or private. A man without discipline is like an engine without a brake. A society that has no rules or whose members do not conform to its rules soon falls into pieces. In games too, discipline is, necessary. Every player has to obey his captain and carry out his commands, whether he likes them or not. In army discipline is more necessary. An army without discipline is no better than a lawless mob. In the same way a school or a college cannot run if the boys do not observe the rules and regulations of the institutions. Teaching is impossible if the boys do not keep discipline. Discipline cultivates a spirit of respect for elders and superiors, teaches gentlemanly behaviour in society and meek submisson to any punishment that may be inflicted due to indiscipline. It is the duty of every student to observe them if they want to build their character and prosper in life.

[Word Meanings : Harmony = oneness in opinions समान विचारधार Conform = adapt oneself to अनुरूप बन जाना। Inflict = impose (दण्ड) देना।]

Questions
A. (a) What does discipline means?
(b) Why are certain rules of conduct laid down by the society?
(c) What happens to society without discipline?
(d) What is an army without discipline?
(e) What will be the result if boys do not keep discipline?
(f) What does discipline develop among the students?
B. Do as directed :
(a) Give the verb form of ‘obedience’.
(b) Give the word from the passage that has the same meaning as “a disorderly crowd”.
(c) Give the opposite word of ‘punishment’.
Answers :
(a) Discipline means obedience to the established rules of conduct.
(b) They are laid down by the society to control and regulate the life and activites of its members so that the society as a whole may progress in harmony and peace.
(c) A society that has no rules or whose members do not conform to its rules soon falls into pieces.
(d) An army without discipline is no better than a lawless mob.
(e) If boys do not keep discipline teaching is impossible.
(f) Discipline develops character among students.
(a) obey, (b) mob, (c) reward. [2014]

MP Board Solutions

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 6

Getting a good night’s sleep can help you cope with stress more effectively. But not getting enough sleep causes more stress. Insomniacs have higher concentrations of hormones than others.

Women are prone to sleep disturbances. Their sleep problems frequently interfere with their daily activities.

Experts believe that sleep, especially deep sleep, enables our nervous system to function well. Without it, we lose our ability to concentrate, remember or analyse. Some experts speculate that during deep sleep, cells manufacture more proteins, which are essential for cell growth and repair the damage from things like stress and ultraviolet rays.

Scientists believe that activity in the area of the brain that controls emotions and social interactions lessens during sleep and that deep sleep may help people be emotionally and socially adapt when awake.

Sleep may also help our brain to store a newly learned activity in its memory bank. In a study in Canada, students deprived of sleep after learning a complex logic game showed a 30 percent learning deficit when tested a week later compared with students not deprived of sleep.

The effects of lack of sleep on other bodily functions are just as alarming. In studies from five medical centres across the country, researches established that individuals with insomnia were also more likely to have poor health including chest pain, arthritis and depressions, and to have difficulty accomplishing difficult tasks.

[Word Meanings : Cope = to get along सफलतापूर्वक संबलना निपटना Stress = strain तनाव Insomniac = person suffering from want of sleep अनिद्रा रोगी Concentration = deep thinking गहन चिन्तन Hormone = internal secretion that passes into the blood and stimulates the bodily organs रक्त में मिलकर शरीर में उतेजना पैदा करनेवाले तत्व Prone = having a natural inclination or tendency to something प्रवृत Frequently = often happening अक्सर होने वाला Speculate – to make guesses अनुमान लगानाI Ultraviolet = of the invisible part of the spectrum beyond the violet colour = पराबैंगनी किरणें। Deficit = loss हानि। Deprive = take away from वंचित करना। Arthritis inflammation of joints जोड़ों का दर्द।]

Questions:
A. (a) How does good sleep help us?
(b) Who have higher concentrations of hormones than others?
(c) What effect does deep sleep make on the nervous system?
(d) What do scientists believe about deep sleep?
(e) How does sleep help our brain?
(f) Who are prone to sleep disturbances? What is the effect?
B. Find words from the passage that mean :
(a) guess,
(b) good at doing something difficult,
(c) to prevent from being done.
Answers:
(a) Getting good night’s sleep can help us to cope with stress more effectively.
(b) Insomniacs have higher concentrations of hormones than others.
(c) Experts believe that sleep, especially deep sleep, enables our nervous system to function well.
(d) Scientists believe that activity in the area of the brain that controls emotions and social interactions lessens during sleep and that deep sleep may help people be emotionally and socially adapt when awake.
(e) Sleep may help our brain to store a newly learned activity in its memory bank.
(1) Women are prone to sleep disturbances. Their sleep problems frequently interfere with their daily activities.
(a) speculate, (b) adapt, (c) deprived off. [2009]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 7

The Gita is not aphoristic work, it is a great religious poem. The deeper you dive into it, the richer the meanings you get. It being meant for the people at large, there is pleasing repetition. With every age the important word will carry new and expanding meanings. But its central teaching will never vary. The seeker is at liberty to extract from this treasure any meaning he likes, so as to enable him to enforce in his life the central teaching.

Nor is the Gita a collection of do’s and don’ts. What is lawful for one may be unlawful for another. What may be permissible at one time, or in one place, may not be so at another time, and in another place. Desire for fruit is the only universal prohibition. Desirelessness is obligatory.

The Gita has sung the praises of knowledge, but it is beyond the mere intellect, it is essentially addressed to the heart and capable of being understood by the heart. Therefore, the Gita is not for the these who have no faith. The author makes Krishna say ”Do not entrust this treasure to him who is without sacrifice, without devotion, without the desire for this teaching and who denies Me. On the other hand, those who will give this precious treasure to My devotees will by the fact of this service assuredly reach Me and those who, being free from malice, will with faith absorb this teaching, shall having attained freedom, live where people of true merit go after death.”

[Word Meanings : Aphoristic = नीति वर्णन करने वाली। Dive गोता लगाना। Expand = make or become large विस्तार करना। Vary- change बदलना। Extract = take out with force बलपूर्वक निकालना। do’s and don’ts = कर्त्तव्य व अकर्त्तव्य । Prohibition = restriction पाबन्दी। Obligatory = compulsory अनिवार्य। Sacrifice = बलिदान, त्याग। Devotion – समर्पण। Malice = evil intent द्वेष, दुर्भावना। Absorb = सोख लेना।]

Questions ;
A. (a) What type of a work is Gita?
(b) What do you understand by do’s and don’ts?
(c) What has been recognized as the only universal compulsion?
(d) Why is the Gita beyond the mere intellect?
(e) Who will certainly reach to Lord Krishna?
(f) Give a suitable title to the passage.

B. Do as directed :
(a) Give the opposite word of ‘Malice’.
(b) Give the word from the passage that gives the meaning “Compulsory”.
(c) Give the verb form of the word “Prohibition”.
Answers :
A. (a) Gita is a great religious poem.
(b) Do’s and don’ts means works that should be done and works that should not be done.
(c) Desire for fruit has been recognized as the only universal compulsion.
(d) Gita is beyond intellect because it has been addressed to the heart and capable of being understood by heart.
(e) Those who will give this (Gita’s) precious treasure to His devotees will by fact of this service assuredly reach Him.
(f) Gita : A Great Religious Poem.
B. (a) Good will, (b) Obligatory, (c) Prohibit. [2012]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 8

Paulo is a boy who lives in Brazil. Every Wednesday an aeroplane comes to Paulo’s town and every thursday it flies away again over the hill, to a very big town called Manaos.

Paulo likes aeroplanes very much. He wants to be a pilot when he is a man.

Every Wednesday Paulo waits to see the aeroplane come in. He wanted to help the men clean it and put petrol in it. But the men always said, “Go away Paulo. Only men understand aeroplanes.”

One day his father said to him, “Paulo, every year, the best boy or girl goes away to Manaos to a big school. Perhaps if you work hard, you will be the best boy in the school and go to Manaos in the aeroplane.”

So Paulo began to work hard. And at the end of the year all the teachers said, ‘Paulo is the best boy in the school, The next thursday he said good bye to all his friends and got into the aeroplane. Then the aeroplane took off and began to climb. Paulo was sitting by a little window, and he could see the roads and houses of his town. He saw some fields and a river, and then only a lot of trees. They like very small.

Paulo was very happy.

[Word Meanings : Town = an area larger than a village but smaller than “a city क़स्बा]

MP Board Solutions

Questions :
(a) When does an aeroplane come to Paulo’s town?
(b) What does Paulo want to be when he is a man?
(c) Where does Paulo live?
(d) What did the teachers say at the end of the year?
(e) What did his father say to him in order to fly in aeroplane?
(f) What could he see from the aeroplane?
(g) Find out a word from the passage which is opposite meaning of dirty’?
(h) Find out the word from the passage that means ‘see’.
(i) Give the noun form of ‘speak’.
Answers :
(a) An aeroplane comes to Paulo’s town on every Wednesday.
(b) Paulo wants to be a pilot when he is a man.
(c) Paulo lives in Brazil.
(d) The teachers said at the end of the year, “Paulo is the best boy in the school.”

(e) His father said “Every year, the best boy or girl goes away to Manoas to a big school. Perhaps if you work hard, you will be the best boy in the school and go to Manoas in the aeroplane.”
(f) Paulo could see the roads and houses of his town, some fields and a river and a lot of trees.
(g) clean.
(h) look.
(i) speech. [2013]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 9

There is a story of an old man who thought he had a right to do what he liked. One day this old man was walking along a busy road with his walking stick spinning round and round his hand, and trying to look important. A man walking behind him objected, “you ought not to spin your walking stick round and round like that.” The old man replied, “1 am free to do what 1 like with my walking stick.”

“Of course you are”, said the other man,” but you ought to know that your freedom ends where my nose begins.” ,
The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and our freedom only, if they do not interfere with other people’s right and freedom.

Questions :
A. (a) What was the old man doing?
(b) Why was the old man doing that?
(c) What did the man told the old man?
(d) What did the old man reply?
(e) What did the man told the old man in the end?
(f) What does the story tell us?

B. Do as directed:
(a) Give the noun form of ‘argued’.
(b) Give the same meaning word from the passage “being involved in other’s affairs.”
(c) Give adjective form of‘freedom’.
Answers :
A. (a) The old man was walking along a busy road with his walking stick spinning round and round in his hand.
(b) The old man was doing that to show that he had a right to do what he liked.
(c) The man told the old man that he ought not to spin his walking stick round and round like that.
(d) The old man replied that he was free to do what he liked with his walking stick.
(e) The man told the old man that of course he was free, but he ought to know that his (old man’s) freedom ends where his (man’s) nose began.
(f) The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and our freedom only if they do not interfere with other people’s rights and freedom.
B. (a) argument, (b) interfere, (c) free.

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 10

We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war against them, for they contaminate food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting and bite without provocation, they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spider or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organised society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.

No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are difficult to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, we enjoy staring at them, as they go on with their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?

[Word Meanings : Insects = sorts of small creatures कीड़ा मोखोदे इत्यादि Regard = consider सोचते हैं। Contaminate = make impure अशुद्ध करते हैं। Provocation = stimulation उत्तेजना उकसाना Dread = fear भय Industrious = hard-working परिश्रमी Revulsion = disgust घृणाI Pounce = swoop on something suddenly झपट्टा मारना। Triumphantly = in a victorious manner विजयी भाव से। Enormous = very big विशाल]

Questions :
A. (a) What is our attitude towards insects?
(b) Why does man try to exterminate insects?
(c) Why does the writer say that knowing about insects does not make man change his attitude?
(d) Do you think that the attitude of man towards insects as described here in is right?
(e) What is our horror about bees?
(f) How have we been brought up about insects?
B. Do as directed :
(a) Find a word from the passage that means make ‘dirty’ or ‘impure’.
(b) Give noun form of ‘possess’.
(c) Give opposite word of ‘reasonable’.
Answers :
(a) Our attitude towards insects is based on fear and revulsion towards them.
(b) Man tries to exterminate insects because they contaminate food, carry diseases and ruin his crops. They also sting or bite without provocation.
(c) Reading or knowing about insects doesn’t change our attitude towards them. No doubt, it increases our understanding but in no way (Joes it dispel our fears and revulsion against them.
(d) The attitude of man towards insects as described in the passage by the writer is not scientific but based on facts therefore, it is right.
(e) Our horror about bees is that they may sting us.
(f) We have been brought up to fear insects.
(a) contaminate, (b) possession, (c) unreasonable. [2016]

MP Board Class 11th General English Unseen Passage 11

I swept the recitation room three times, then I got a dusting cloth, and I dlisted it four times. All the woodwork around the walls, every bench, table and desk, I went over four times with my dusting cloth. Besides, every piece of furniture had been moved and every closet and comer in the room had been thoroughly cleaned. I had the feeling that in a large measure my future depended upon the impression I made upon the teacher in the cleaning of that room. When I was through I reported to the head teacher. She was a “Yankee”- woman who knew just where to look for dirt. She went into the room and inspected the floor and closets, then she took her handkerchief and rubbed it on the woodwork about the walls and over the table and benches. When she was unable to find one bit of dirt on the floor, or a particle of dust on any of the furniture, she quietly remarked, “I guess you will do to enter this institution.”

MP Board Solutions

Questions :
A. (a) How many times did the author dust the recitation room?
(b) What were the items in the room he dusted?
(c) What did he feel while dusting the room?
(d) What kind of woman was the head teacher and how?
(e) How did she check the room?
(f) “I guess you will do to enter this institution.” Who does ‘you’ here refer to?
B. Do as directed :
(a) Find the word from the above passage which means ‘visit officially to check.’
(b) Find the word opposite in meaning to ‘loudly’.
(c) Write the verb form of ‘ impression’.
Answers :
A. (a) The author dusted the recitation room three times.
(b) He dusted all the woodwork around the walls, every bench and desk, he went over four times with his dusting cloth.
(c) He had the feeling that in a large measure his future depended upon the impression he made upon the teacher in the cleaning of that room.
(d) The head teacher was a Yankee woman who knew just where to look for dirt.
(e) She went into the room and inspected the floor and closets, then she took her handkerchief and rubbed upon the woodwork about the walls and over the table and benches.
(f) You here refer to the author. (Booker T. Washington)
B. (a) inspect, (b) lowly, (c) impress.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली

प्रश्न 1.
आठ प्रेक्षणों का माध्य तथा प्रसरण क्रमश: 9 और 9.25 है। यदि इनमें से छः प्रेक्षण 6, 7, 10, 12, 12, और 13 हैं, तो शेष दो प्रेक्षण ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
मान लीजिए वे दो संख्याएँ x और y हैं।
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-1
= 62 + 72 + 102 + 122 + 122 + 132 + x2 + y2
722 = 36 + 49 + 100 + 144 + 144 + 169 + x2 + y2.
= 642 + x2 + y2
x2 + y2 = 722 – 642 = 80
∴ x2 + y2 = 80 …(2)
समीकरण (1) और (2) से
या x2 + (12 – x)2 = 80
या 2x2 – 24x + 144 = 80
या x2 – 12x + 32 = 0
(x – 4) (x – 8) = 0
∴ x = 4 या 8
∴ y = 8 या 4
अतः वे दो संख्याएँ 4 और 8 हैं।

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 2.
सात प्रेक्षणों का माध्य तथा प्रसरण क्रमशः 8 और 16 हैं। यदि इनमें से पाँच प्रेक्षण 2, 4, 10, 12, 14 हैं तो शेष दो प्रेक्षण ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
माना कि वे दो संख्याएँ x और y हैं।
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-2
या 22 + 42 + 102 + 122 + 142 + x2 + y2 = 560
460 + x2 + y2 = 560
x2 + y2 = 560 – 460 = 100 …….(2)
समीकरण (1) और (2) से
x2 + (14 – x)2 = 100
या 2x2 – 28x + 196 – 100 = 0
या x2 – 14x + 48 = 0
∴ (x – 6) (x – 8) = 0
∴ x = 6 या 8
∴ y = 8 या 6
∴ वे दो संख्याएँ 6 और 8 हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
छः प्रेक्षणों का माध्य तथा मानक विचलन क्रमशः 8 तथा 4 हैं। यदि प्रत्येक प्रेक्षण को 3 से गुणा कर दिया जाए तो परिणामी प्रेक्षणों का माध्य व मानक विचलन ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-3

प्रश्न 4.
यदि n प्रेक्षणों का माध्य \(\bar{x}\) तथा प्रसरण σ2 है तो सिद्ध कीजिए कि प्रेक्षणों ax1, ax2, ax3, …… axn, का माध्य और प्रसरण क्रमशः a\(\bar{x}\) तथा a2σ2 (a ≠ 0) है।
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-4
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-5

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 5.
बीस प्रेक्षणों का माध्य तथा मानक विचलन क्रमशः 10 तथा 2 हैं। जांच करने पर यह पाया गया कि प्रेक्षण 8 गलत है। निम्न में से प्रत्येक का सही माध्य तथा मानक विचलन ज्ञात कीजिए यदि
(i) गलत प्रेक्षण हटा दिया जाए।
(ii) उसे 12 से बदल दिया जाए।
हल:
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-6
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-7
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-8

प्रश्न 6.
एक कक्षा के पचास छात्रों द्वारा तीन विषयों गणित, भौतिक शास्त्र व रसायन शास्त्र में प्राप्तांकों का माध्य व मानक विचलन नीचे दिए गए हैं :
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-9
किस विषय में सबसे अधिक विचलन है तथा किसमें सबसे कम विचलन है?
हल:
विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{\sigma}{\bar{x}}\) × 100
गणित विषय में विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{12}{42}\) × 100 = 28.57
भौतिक विषय में विचरण गुणांक = \(\frac{15}{32}\) × 100 = 46.875
रसायन विषय में विचरण गुणांक =\(\frac{20}{40.9}\) × 100 = 48.9
अतः रसायन विषय में सबसे अधिक विचर तथा गणित में सबसे कम विचलन है।

प्रश्न 7.
100 प्रेक्षणों का माध्य और मानक विचलन क्रमशः 20 और 3 हैं। बाद में यह पाया गया कि तीन प्रेश्च 21, 21 तथा 18 गलत थे। यदि गलत प्रेक्षणों को हटा दिया जाए तो माध्य व मानक विचलन ज्ञात कीजिए।
हल:
\(\bar{x}\) = \(\frac{\Sigma x_{i}}{n}\)
∴ Exi = n\(\bar{x}\)
= 100 × 20 = 2000
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 15 सांख्यिकी विविध प्रश्नावली img-10

MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions