MP Board Class 7th Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants
Transportation in Animals and Plants Intex Questions
Question 1.
Why is the color of blood red?
Answer:
Because blood contains a red pigment called hemoglobin.
Question 2.
Paheli wonders which side of the heart will have oxygen – rich blood and which side will have carbon dioxide rich blood?
Answer:
Right side of heart has blood rich in oxygen and left side of heart has blood rich in carbon dioxide.
Question 3.
Paheli wants to know whether other animals also urinate?
Answer:
Yes.
Question 4.
Boojho wants to know why plants absorb a large quantity of water from the soil, then give it off by transpiration?
Answer:
Because transpiration helps in suction of water.
Activities
Activity – 1
Record your own pulse beats per minute and those of your classmates? Compare the values you obtained and insert them in Table?
Table:
Pulse rate
Activity – 2
Record your own pulse rate and heartbeat and that of your friends while resting and after running and record in Table? Do you find any relationship between your heartbeat and pulse rate?
Table:
Heartbeat and pulse rate
Transportation in Animals and Plants Text Book Exercises
Question 1.
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Answer:
(i) – (b)
(ii) – (d)
(iii) – (a)
(iv) – (c)
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
- The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the …………………..
- Haemoglobin is present in ……………………….. cells.
- Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ………………………..
- The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called …………………………
- The main excretory product in human beings is ………………………….
- Sweat contains water and ……………………..
- Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ……………………….
- Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by ……………………..
Answer:
- Arteries
- Red blood
- Capillaries
- Heart beat
- Urine
- Urea
- Urine
- Transpiration.
Question 3.
Choose the correct alternative:
Question (a)
In plants, water is transported through?
(a) Xylem
(b) Phloem
(c) Stomata
(d) Root hair.
Answer:
(a) Xylem
Question (b)
Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants?
(a) In the shade
(b) In dim light
(c) under the fan
(d) covered with a polythene bag.
Answer:
(b) In dim light
Question 4.
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
Answer:
Transport of material is necessary in plant or animal because due to it the nutrients are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive. For example, in plants
roots absorb water and leaves prepare food utilising the water.
The food is also required by root. So, there is no utility of water absorbed by the roots if it does not reach leaf or food prepared by leaf if it does not reach root. Thus, the process of transportation is necessary.
Question 5.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Answer:
The blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood. Without the platelets, blood cannot be clot. So, if there is any cut, blood will continue to flow out and ultimately the person die.
Question 6.
What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata?
Answer:
The small pores in leaves and stems of plants are called stomata.
Functions of Stomata:
- It absorb oxygen from air.
- It helps in the transportation of water.
Question 7.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, transpiration is an important function in plants. Plants absorb mineral nutrients and water from the soil. Not all the water absorbed is utilised by the plant. The water evaporates through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves by the process of transpiration. The evaporation of water from leaves generates a suction pull (the same that you produce when you suck water through a straw) which can pull water to great heights in the tall trees. Transpiration also cools the plant.
Question 8.
What are components of blood?
Answer:
Red blood cells (RBC), while blood cells (WBC), plasma and platelets are the components of blood.
Question 9.
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Answer:
Blood is needed by all the parts of a body because it carries digested food and oxygen to all parts of body. It also carries away the waste products.
Question 10.
What makes the blood look red?
Answer:
A red coloured pigment called hemoglobin gives the blood red color.
Question 11.
Describe the function of the heart?
Answer:
The main function of heart is to collects and distributes blood from and to all parts of the body. The right auricle and ventricle receives blood with carbon dioxide from all the parts of the body. The collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification. In lungs, the exchange of gases take place and purified blood is sent back to the left auricle. After that purified blood is sent to all the parts of the body through arteries.
Question 12.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Answer:
Waste products are harmful for the body, so it is necessary to excrete waste products.
Question 13.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts?
Answer:
Human Excretory System Diagram:
Extended Learning – Activities and Projects
Question 1.
Find out about the blood groups and their importance?
Answer:
Carl Landesteiner (1900) discovered that there are two types of antigens present on the plasma membrane of the RBC. These are antigen A and antigen B. These are also called corpuscle factors. There are also two types of antibodies present in the plasma. These are antibody A (Anti – A) and antibody B (Anti – B).
These are also called plasma factors. The blood is classified into four groups on the basis of the presence or absence of these antigens. These groups are A, B, AB and O. This system of classification of blood is called: ‘ABO’ system. The following table shows the types of blood groups and their antigens and antibodies:
Along with the A and B antigens or antibodies, many people have another factor called the Rh factor. This is an antigen first found in Rhesus monkey (hence, called the Rh factor). People whose red blood cells contain the Rh antigen are said to be Rh positive (Rh+). People who lack it are called Rh negative (Rh–).
A person with Rh– blood does not have Rh antibody (which destroys Rh antigen) naturally. But, as and when an Rh antigen enters the blood, it develops Rh antibody and destroys the antigen. If a person with blood group A has Rh antigen, his/her blood is said to be A+(A positive).
Similarly if a person’s blood group is B and he/she does not have Rh antigen, then his/her blood group is B–(B negative). So, we have eight blood groups: A+, B+, AB+, O+, A+, B+, AB+ and O+.
Question 2.
When a person suffers from chest pain, the doctor immediately takes an ECG? Visit a doctor and get information about ECG? You may even look up an encyclopedia or the internet?
Answer:
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG, abbreviated from the German Electrocardiogram) is a graphic produced by an electrocardiograph, which records the electrical activity of the heart over time. Analysis of the various waves and normal vectors of depolarization and repolarization yields important diagnostic information.
- It guides therapy and risk stratification for heart patients.
- It helps detect electrolyte disturbances. It allows for the detection of conduction abnormalities.
- It is used as a screening tool for ischemic heart disease during a cardiac stress test.
- It is occasionally helpful with non – cardiac
In 1856, Kollicker and Mueller discovered the electrical activity of the heart when a frog sciatic nerve/gastrocenemius preparation fell onto an isolated frog heart and both muscles contracted synchronously. Alexander muirhead attached wires to a feverish patient’s wrist to obtain a record of the patient’s heartbeat while studying for his DSc (in electricity) in 1872 at St Bartholomew’s Hospital.
This activity was directly recorded and visualized using a Lippmann capillary electrometer by the British physiologist John Burdon Sanderson. The first to systematically approach the heart from an electrical point – of – view was Augustus Waller, working in St Mary’s Hospital in Paddington, London. His electrocardiograph machine consisted of a Lippmann capillary electrometer fixed to a projector.
The trace from the heartbeat was projected onto a photographic plate which was itself fixed to a toy train. This allowed a heartbeat to be recorded in real time. In 1911 he still saw little clinical application for his work. The break through came when Willem Einthoven, working in Leiden, The Netherlands, used the string galvanometer invented by him in 1901, which was much more sensitive than the capillary electrometer that Waller used. Einthoven assigned the letters P, Q, R, S and T to the various deflections, and described the electrocardiographic features of a number of cardiovascular disorders. In 1924, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery.
Transportation in Animals and Plants Additional Important Questions
Objective Type Questions
Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative:
Question (a)
The cells in blood that fight against the disease causing germs are called?
(a) Platelets
(b) White blood cells
(c) Red blood cells
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) White blood cells
Question (b)
Which of these is responsible for clotting of blood?
(a) Platelets
(b) White blood cells
(c) Red blood cells
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(a) Platelets
Question (c)
Smallest filtering units in kidneys are called?
(a) ventricles
(b) auricles
(c) vessels
(d) nephrons.
Answer:
(d) nephrons.
Question (d)
Urine is stored in till excreted?
(a) Ureter
(b) Kidney
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) Urethra.
Answer:
(c) Urinary bladder
Question (e)
Instrument used to measure heart beat is called?
(a) thermometer
(b) nanometer
(c) stethoscope
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) stethoscope
Question (f)
How many times heart of an healthy person beats in one minute?
(a) 70
(b) 71
(c) 72
(d) 73
Answer:
(c) 72
Question (g)
Which one of the following is not an excretory organ?
(a) Lever
(b) Skin
(c) Kidney
(d) Oesophagus.
Answer:
(d) Oesophagus.
Question (h)
The tube by which all the wastes are thrown out is known as?
(a) ureters
(b) urethra
(c) urinary bladder
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) urethra
Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:
- The fluid part of the blood is called …………………………
- One type of cells are the red blood cells which contain a red pigment called …………………….
- There are the ……………………… types of blood vessels in the body.
- …………………….. carry oxygen rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
- The number of pulse beats per minute is called the ………………………
- …………………… are the vessels which carry carbon dioxide rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.
- The heart has …………………….. chambers.
- The walls of the chambers of the heart are made up of ……………………
- Your heart is roughly the size of your ……………………………
- The English Physician, William Harvey discovered the circulation of ………………………….
- The parts involved in excretion forms the …………………… system.
- The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra form the ……………………………… system
- Birds, Insects and lizard excrete ………………………………. in semi – solid form.
- A …………………………………. is a group of cells not perform specialized function in an organism.
- The vascular tissue for the transport of water and nutrients in the plant is called the ………………………..
- Water and mineral nutrients are absorbed by roots from the ………………………….
Answer:
- Plasma
- Hemoglobin
- Two
- Arteries
- Pulse rate
- Veins
- Four
- Muscles
- Fist
- Blood
- Excretory
- Excretory
- Uric acid
- Tissue
- Xylem
- Soil.
Question 3.
Which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
- Circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels.
- Oxygenated blood flows in arteries.
- Valves are there in inner walls of veins.
- White blood cells to not protect our body from diseases.
- Blood is red due to platelets.
- In humans, blood flows through arteries and veins and the heart acts as a pumping organ.
- The heart is protected by a membrane called paracardium.
- Veins carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.
- Artery carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
- Our body requires at least 2 to 3 litres of water everyday.
- In humans, excretion involves the removal of sweat, urea and faces.
- All organisms nave same method of waste removal from their body.
- The xylem and phloem together make up the vascular system in plants.
- In older plants vacuoles contain the excretory products.
Answer:
- True
- True
- True
- False
- False
- True
- True
- True
- True
- True
- True
- False
- True
- True.
Transportation in Animals and Plants Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name the transport medium in human beings?
Answer:
Blood.
Question 2.
White blood corpuscles is called as soldiers. Why?
Answer:
They have no definite shape. They work in our body like soldiers whenever any harmful micro – organism, virus or foreign body enters inside our body then these corpuseles prevent their entry and destroy them.
Question 3.
If blood does not coagulate after injury, then what will happen?
Answer:
The people can be died.
Question 4.
How does the red blood corpuscles deliver oxygen to each part of body?
Answer:
Hemoglobin reacts with oxygen and forms a temporary compound called as oxyhemoglobin which breaks again in every part of body and donates oxygen.
Question 5.
Write the names of different blood vessels?
Answer:
The names of different blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries.
Question 6.
Write functions of hemoglobin?
Answer:
Hemoglobin containing iron and this hemoglobin reacts with oxygen and forms a temporary compound called as oxyhemoglobin which breaks again in every part of body and donates oxygen.
Question 7.
Why is the blood red in color?
Answer:
The blood is red in color due to the presence of an iron containing pigment hemoglobin.
Question 8.
What will happen if the blood rich in oxygen and the blood rich in carbon dioxide mix with each other?
Answer:
The net oxygen content of blood Will be reduced and hence body will suffer from lack of oxygen.
Question 9.
What is pulse rate?
Answer:
The number of beats per minute is called the pulse rate.
Question 10.
What is the resting pulse rate of a normal person?
Answer:
A resting person, usually has a pulse rate between 72 and 80 beats per minute.
Question 11.
Where is heart located?
Answer:
The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left.
Question 12.
What are the two upper chamber of hearts?
Answer:
Atria.
Question 13.
What are ventricles?
Answer:
The two lower chambers of heart are called ventricles.
Question 14.
Define excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is a process through which the metabolic wastes are excreted out from the body.
Question 15.
Name the various organs of excretion in human?
Answer:
Various excretory organs of humans are skin, lungs and kidneys.
Question 16.
How does excretion occur in unicellular animals?
Answer:
In unicellular animals excretion takes place by diffusion process.
Question 17.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is a process of evaporation of water from the surface of the leaf in the form of water vapours. It helps:
- To generate pulling force for the upward movement of water.
- To get rid of excess of water.
- To maintain the temperature because of cooling effect.
Question 18.
What is excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the process of the removal of the waste product from the body of a plant or an animal. The different organisms eliminate their waste in different ways.
Question 19.
Write the names exretory materials in plants?
Answer:
The excretory materials in plants are a gum, rain and latex.
Transportation in Animals and Plants Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name the various blood vessels and write their functions?
Answer:
There are three blood vessels:
1. Arteries:
These are the blood vessels which carry or transport oxygenated pure blood from heart to all other parts of the body.
2. Veins:
These are blood vessels which collects the deoxygenated impure blood from the whole body and send it to the heart.
3. Capillaries:
These are the network of thin tube like structures which connect the arteries and veins together.
Question 2.
What is blood? What are the components of blood?
Answer:
Blood is a fluid tissue that circulates and transport the material within the cells. It is red in color due to the presence of a pigment called hemoglobin. Various components of bloods are blood cells and plasma.
Question 3.
What is the main difference between artery and a vein?
Answer:
Differences between arteries and veins:
Artery:
- It carries pure blood from heart to the different organs of the body.
- Blood flows with jerks with high pressures.
- They always carry oxygenated rich blood.
- It has no valve.
- Its wall is thick.
Vein:
- It collects impure blood from different parts of the body.
- Blood flows smoothly with low pressure.
- They always carry carbon dioxide rich blood.
- Semilunar valves are present.
- Its wall is thin.
Question 4.
What is meant by excretion? Explain its need for the sustenance of the individual?
Answer:
Excretion is a process of removal of metabolic waste materials from the body. If excretory matter is present in the body It will disturb the metabolic activities going or in different parts of the body. It will disturb metabolic activity in body. So it is necessary to excrete out all the metabolic wastes from the body.
Question 5.
Describe the process of water and mineral absorption in plants?
Answer:
In higher plants root system is well developed. The tertiary roots possess root hairs. They absorb mineral salt and water in the form of dilute solution through endosmosis. The cells of root hair transfer this solution to the epidermal cells. Through diffusion process absorbed solution reaches in the xylem vessels and from it lifts up and then reaches up to the top of the plant.
Question 6.
How do the exchange of gases occur in plants?
Answer:
In case of plants the lower surface of leaves have small pores called stomata. These are provided by two guard cells which control the opening or closing of the stomata. When the concentration of O2 gas increases during photosynthesis the guard cells open and O2 gas is given out and if concentration CO2 gas increases during respiration, the guard cells cause CO2 gas to go out of the cells. This is how the exchange of gases occur in plants.
Question 7.
How does liver help in the process of excretion?
Answer:
Liver plays a major role in excreting waste products of the body. Urea, the chief introgenous waste materials is formed in the liver. The break down of amino acids which takes place in it results in the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. These nitrogenous wastes break down further into ammonia. Ammonia is a very toxic, therefore, liver converts ammonia along with CO2, into urea with the help of specific enzymes. This urea is eventually thrown out by kidneys.
Question 8.
Why is the process of excretion important for living?
Answer:
As a result of metabolism various toxic substances are continuously formed. These wastes (carbon dioxide, ammonial compounds, other salts) if allowed to accumulate in the body (cells), would disturb the chemical composition of the protoplasm and produce toxic effects, crippling the life activities. Hence their elimination is most important. This is done by the process of excretion.
Question 9.
Why do doctors examine the urine to diagnose a disease? What do they examine in urine?
Answer:
The concentration of various wastes in the urine depends upon the functioning of various organs or organ system in the body. So the examination of urine of a person gives a good idea about his/her general health. The doctors, therefore use the urine test to diagnose disease in the body. For example, presence of excess sugar in urine indicates malfunctioning of pancreas. Presence of excess urea or uric acid indicates the malfunctioning of kidneys.
Transportation in Animals and Plants Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How many types of blood corpuscles are there? Write their functions?
Answer:
There are three types of blood corpuscles:
1. Red blood corpuscles:
They are elliptical or spherical in shape. Hemoglobin containing iron is present in them. This hemoglobin reacts with oxygen and forms a temporary compound called as oxyhemoglobin which breaks again in every part of body and donates oxygen.
2. White blood corpuscles They have no definite shape, They work in our body like soldiers. Whenever any harmful microorganism, virus or foreign body enters inside our body then these corpuscles prevent their entry and destroy them.
3. Blood platelets:
Whenever there is bleeding due to injury, these platelets move there and coagulates the blood, as a result excess blood does not flow.
4. Plasma:
It is the fluid medium which transports digested food as well as metabolic waste products.
Question 2.
Write functions of blood?
Answer:
Various functions of blood are:
- The red blood cells carry oxygen to different parts of the body.
- The white blood cells fight against the disease causing germs and bacteria and kill them.
- The platelets of blood help in clotting of blood.
- The plasma carries CO2 from the body.
- It regulates our body temperature.
- It carries digested and absorbed food and hormones to different organs.
- The waste products are taken into excretory organs through blood.
Question 3.
Describe the “pulmonary circulation of blood?”
Answer:
The deoxygenated blood is collected from various organs of the body by two veins called superior and inferior vena cava. They join to form a main vein which empties the blood into the right auricle. From here it enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the right pulmonary artery which caries it to the lungs. Here the carbon – dioxide oxygen exchange takes place. The oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary vein to the left auricle. This part of the circulation is called the pulmonary circulation.
Question 4.
Explain structure of heart and draw it’s diagram?
Answer:
Our heart is situated in the left side of our chest. It is divided into four chambers. The upper two chambers collect the blood from veins and are known as auricles. The lower two chambers are meant for distribution of the blood in various parts of the body and are known as the ventricles.
Right auricle gets the impure blood which is sent to right ventricle. From right ventricle the blood is thrown to pulmonary arteries which carry this. blood to lungs for put if cation, which is collected by pulmonary veins and now it is in a purified state.
It is brought to left auricle and then to left ventricle from where it is thrown into aorta which is responsible for distribution of this pure blood to various parts of the body. Aorta is divided into various arteries which are divided into five capillaries. After exchange of materials these capillaries form the veins which bring blood to the right auricle.
Question 4.
Define the systematic circulation of blood. Draw the diagram of schematic diagram of circulation?
Answer:
The oxygenated blood from the left auricle enters the left ventricle and is then pumped into the aorta and carried to all parts of the body by arteries and capillaries. This part of the circulation is known as systemic circulation.
Question 5.
Describe “blood transfusion?”
Answer:
Blood is a very vital component of our body and we cannot afford to lose it. In case of serious injury, accident or during an operation, we may lose a considerable quantity of blood from our body. In such cases blood from another healthy person is transferred to the patient. This is called blood transfusion. The blood of all human beings falls in any one of the following groups A, B, AB or O. Transfusion should be done carefully and only after checking the blood group of the patient.
Question 6.
“Excretion is process to eliminate the waste by products from the body”. Justify the statement?
Answer:
The nitrogenous waste ammonia is converted into urea by the liver. The renal artery carry the urea of kidneys. Each kidney consists of number of coiled tubes called Nephron. There are about ten million nephron in each kidney of an adult man. The Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
One end of the nephron is cup shaped called Bowman’s capsule. The renal artery branches into millions of capillaries in the form of coil in the each Bowman’s capsule. This coil or capillaries of renal artery in the Bowman’s capsule is called Glomerules. The blood is filtered through the walls of capillaries of glomerulus.
This is a selective filteration. The bigger molecules of sugars, salts and nitrogenous wasters are filtered. This selective filteration is termed as dialysis. Thus, the glomerulus acts as dialysis bag of the kidney. The filterate from glomerulur in the Bowman’s capsule passes through the tiny tubule.
Where major part of glucose and other useful substances is reabsorbed. It is sent back into the blood of the renal vein. The waste liquid called urine, containing nitrogenous waste is sent to the urinary bladder through collecting tubule and uretere. From urinary bladder it is eliminated from the body through urethera.
Question 7.
What are the various waste materials excreted from the human body?
Answer:
Excretion is done by following organs:
1. Kidneys:
These excrete urea, salts, water etc. through urine.
2. Skin:
Skin possesses sweat glands. These glands absorb urea, salts and a large quantity of water from the blood capillaries near by and excrete them through their pores on the skin in the form of sweat.
3. Liver:
Liver is not a direct excretory organ. Liver cells convert more toxic ammonia into less toxic urea and uric acid and then pass them to the kidneys through the blood for excretion. Liver also censer toxic substances. It removable salts in bile juice. These bile salts are formed due to break down of hemoglobin. If bile salts are not remove. They cause jaundice. Bile salts are removed through intestine.
Question 8.
Write a short note on “excretion in plants”?
Answer:
Plants, have no special organs for excretion. product of respiration i.e. carbon dioxide is partly us phtosynthesis. The excess amount of carbon dioxide escape the stomata and lenticles. Some of the waste products of photosynthesis an in vacuoles in the leaves and bark of trees. The plant them by sheddingthe leaves and bark.
Some waste products are transformed into harm and stored inside the plant body. Rubber and raphides a of such products. Plants also secrete a number of uses like gum, latex, resin, sandalwood oil and eucalyptus
Question 9.
Describe the process of absorption and transportation of water and minerals in plants?
Answer:
The plant root have root hairs which absorb water and minerals in the form of solution from soil. This process is called absorption. This water and minerals are then transported to other parts of plant i.e., stem, leaves and flowers through a special tissue called xylem. Then food is synthesised within leaves of plant and is transported in all parts of plant including roots, through phloem. This produces is called transportation.
Question 10.
Draw a neat diagram to show circulatory system?
Answer:
