Class 11 – Page 19 – MP Board Solutions

To a Skylark Question Answer Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 9 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 9 To a Skylark Questions and Answers

To a Skylark Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

(A) The poem has many adjectives which are images in themselves.
Here are some of them. Explain the images they portray and pick more from the poem as man as you can.
Write more expressions of ‘our own. blithe spirit, sunken sun, unbodied joy, highly born maiden, love-laden soul, heavy-winged thieves, vernal showers, tinkling grass,empty vaunt
Answer:

blithe spirit — carefree and light-hearted divine spirit.
sunken sun — the setting sun.
unbodied joy — joy that has no bodily existence
Highly born maiden – the maiden having born in a high class of family (princess).
Love-laden soul — soul which is full of love.
Heavy winged thieves – one who steals powerful object.
Vernal showers — showers which occur in the spring season
Twinkling grass — enlightened grass
Empty vaunt — boastful speech having no depth.

(B) Following words are used in different meanings in different contexts. See examples and use the given words in sentences of your own in as many contexts as possible.
1. hail — to greet
hail — hail storm
2. strain
3. sweet
4. pine
5. spirit
6. still
Answer:
1. Hail — to greet — She hailed me with a sweet voice.
Hail — hailstorm — We had to drive through hail and snow.

2. Strain — to make an effort to do something — I strained my neck to
take a glimpse of the actor.
Strain — worry anxient No-a-days I am facing great strain,

3. Sweet — tasting as if it contains a lot of sugar — This cup of tea is too seet for me.
Sweet — a small piece of sweet food — I always like to cat a sweetdish at the end of a meal.

4. Pine — a tall forest tree with leaves like needles — Pine crees are evergreen.
Pine — to become sad — I pined for weeks after may son had gone abroad.

5. Spirit — courage. determination or energy — The young boy showed a tremendous spirit.
Spirit — a strong alcoholic drink — I have never tasted any spirit

6. Still — continuing until a particular point in time and flot finishing – am still waiting for his arrival,
Still — calm and quiet — Children can not stay still.
Still — a photograph taken from a cinema film — That is a still from the latest movie

Comprehension

A. Write explanations of the following lines:

Question 1.
Pourest thy full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
Answer:
The poet. in these lines, highlights the musical note of the skylark which it purs with its full heart, Its song is spontaneous overflow of its heart.

Question 2.
Singing hymns unbidden,
Till the world is wrought
To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not.
Answer:
In these lines Shelley compares the bird with a poet He says that it keeps on singing its prayer to God unbidden till the world in transformed to sympathy shedding all its hopes and fears, Here. the bird had been characterized as a high spirit.

Question 3.
Teach me half the gladness
That thy brain must know;
Such harmonious madness
From my lips would flow,
The world should listen then, as I am listening now.
Answer:
In these lines the poet asks the bird to teach him at least half of the gladness that its mind bears. The poet wishes to sing the harmonious madness of the bird from his own lips so that the whole of the world may listen and enjoy it as the poet is listening and enjoying now. The poet means to say that the world has no imaginative or poetic quality enough to understand has the birds sings so he wants to spread the bird’s joy in the world .

Question 4.
We look before and after,
And pine for what is not:
Our sincerest laughter With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

Read this Hindi verse:
वियोगी होगा पहला कवि, आह से उपजा होगा गान, आँख से निकल कविता बही होगी अनजान

Does this convey the same meaning as in the lines above? Find more examples of the same themes.
Answer:
The lines given above from the poem ‘To a Skylark’ and those from a Hindi poem convey the same meaning. Both of them reveal that pain in the source of real happiness because pain makes one feel the real meaning of life.
Note: Students should collect poems based on the same themes with the help of their teachers.

B. Answer the following questions briefly:

Question 1.
Why is Shelley not able to define the Skylark? How does the Skylark exceed the capacity of human language to describe its qualities or the qualities of its song?
Answer:
Shelley finds himself unable to define the skylark exactly. It is because the skylark is not seen. It is carefree and light-hearted bird without any physical frame. It has a tremendous and spontaneous overflow of its song which creates mysteries in the mind of the poet. Its song overpowers the whole universe. Unlike human being it is never sad. In this sense it surpasses us.

Question 2.
Why does the poet use the similes in place of direct definition? Do they adequately describe the skylark?
Answer:
In place of direct definition the poet uses the similes like ‘blithe spirit’, ‘unbodied joy’. These similes exactly suit the skylark. It is because it sings spontaneously. It is above all care and fear. It is hardly visible. Still is soothes the whole world.

Question 3.
What prevents the poet-from singing like the skylark? Why is the skylark’s song is better than even the best productions of human genius, language and emotion?
Answer:
The poet feels that he cannot sing like skylark because being a human, he is fill of vices like hate, pride and fear which prevent him to compete with skylark. It is human nature that we look back and forward and feel sad for what we have not. The bird is above all these feelings.

Question 4.
Why does the poet call the skylark’s song “unpremeditated art”?
Answer:
The poet calls the skylark’s song “unpremeditated art” because it flows spontaneously with varying mood. It has a tremendous kind of joy and freedom which is not possible with a pre-planned art.

Question 5.
Why does the poet compare the skylark’s flight to an unbodied joy?
Answer:
The Skylark’s melodious note resounds and echo in the whole earth and air. But the bird is not visible anywhere as it flies higher and higher. Still its presence is felt somewhere nearby. So the poet calls its flight as an ‘unbodied joy’.

Question 6.
Why does the poet compare the loud voice of the bird with rain? Why is the skylark’s song called “rain of melody”?
Answer:
As the musical notes of the bird seem to be falling direct from heaven spontaneously and soar in the whole atmosphere so the poet feels it is like rain. The melody of skylark pours joy and natural freedom. There is no shadow of sadness near it. So, the poet calls it ‘rain of melody’.

Question 7.
In lines 36 to 55 the poet compares the bird’s song with certain things. Name these things.
Answer:
From lines 36 to 55 the poet compares the skylark with the following

a poet hidden in the light of thought.
a high-born maiden.
A glow-worm golden in a dell of dew.
A rose embowerd in its own green leaves.

Question 8.
What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
Answer:
The poet asks the bird to teach at least half of the gladness that the bird’s brain possesses. The poet has a wish to immortalize the bird’s song and make the world feel the joy that the bird pours as the poet imagines and enjoys.

Question 9.
What does the poet lament about the mortals?
Answer:
The poet in no way feels human beings to be near the greatness of the bird. It is because we have become a prey to vices like hate, pride and fear. We look forward and backward and feel sad for what we have not. The bird is free from all these vices and it is greater than us.

Question 10.
What does the poet wish for himself in the last stanza?
Answer:
In the last stanza of the poem the poet makes a request to the bird to teach even half of its gladness that its brain possesses. He wishes that the harmonious madness of the bird should ever flow from the poet’s lips so that the whole of the world would listen and enjoy it as the poet is listening and enjoying.

Speaking Activity

A. Read the following poem “To the Skylark” written by Wordsworth, and discuss the questions given after it. ( See Textbook pages 64 – 65)

Questions:
1. How does Shelley’s poem,differ from Wordsworth’s ‘To the Skylark”?
2. Shelley calls his bird “blithe spirit” whereas Wordsworth calls his bird “Ethereal minstrel.” Can you imagine why this difference is there
3. While Shelley’s skylark is the scomer of the ground, Wordsworth’s bird is “type of the wise who soar, but never roam.” Can you say why?
4. Discuss the central idea of both the poems.
5. Are there any similar expressions between the two poems? Point them out.

B. Wordsworth calls his poem on the Skylark an “ode” while Shelley’s is known to be a lyric. What is the difference between an ode and a lyric? Explain with reasons.
Answers:

Shelley’s poem differs from that of Wordsworth’s ‘To the
Skylark’, in the sense that Shelley’s Skylark is an unbodied spirit whereas Wordsworth’s Skylark is an ethereal minstrel.
This difference is meant for showing two different ideas, one is heavenly and the other is earthly.
It is so because Shelley’s bird differs from human being. It has no vices of human nature. But Wordsworth’s bird is an earthly creature who goes to visit the sky in imagination.
The central idea of Shelley’s poem is to highlight the weaknesses of human being and the nature’s bliss. Wordsworth in his poem , highlights the high flight of the imagination of human beings. To some extent both the poems are similar.
The similar expressions between the two poems are that they express poets attitude towards human weakness and its solution.
Wordsworth’s poem is an ore while Shelly’s is a lyric. Ode is a poem that speaks to a person or thing or celebrates special events which while lyric is a poem which expression the poet’s personal feeling and thought.

Writing Activity

(A) Write out the most striking features of the poem ‘To a skylark’ by Shelly based on your discussions in the groups.
Answer:
“To a Skylark’ is one of the greatest poems of English literature. It is written by P.B.-Shellev. Welcoming the skylark the poet says that it is not simply a bird but a carefree light-hearted bird which has been never seen before. It pours its copious and plentiful natural spontaneous musical notes direct from heaven. It goes higher and higher springing from the earth like a cloud of fire. Its singing soars and soars all around as a wave. It is floating and running like an unbodied joy in the midst of golden lightening of the setting sun over which the clouds are brightening.

Everything pale or purple which signifies sadness melts around its flight. The skylark like the heaven star is invisible in day but still its joyful musical note is audible. It is keen like the arrows of the moon whose intense light comes closer in the while clear dawn. Though we see its hardly, we feel its presence somewhere around there. Its voice overpowers all over the earth and air in the lonely night from the lonely cloud. Its musical delight overflows.

The poet fails to define the bird in the actual sense. Never before such a bright drop has flown as its melody comes. The bird is like a poet hidden in the hilt of thought Ringing hymns unbidden until the whole world is wrought to sympathy wise hopes and fears. For the poet it appears to be a high-born maiden in the palace tower who soothes her love laden soul with her sweet music. Sometimes its looks like glow-worm which glitters among flowers and grass without being seen anywhere. It is like a rose surrounded by its green leaves. It gets deflowered by the warm winds spreading its fragrance overpowering its leaves which had stolen it from the sight. Its fresh music surpasses the spring sound which was till now joyous and clear.

The poet asks this spirit or bird whoever it is to teach him what sweet thoughts does it have. The poet has never heard of such a flood of rapture so divine. It is difficult to match it with any wedding chorus or triumphant song with its divine music. Still we feel there is a want hidden in its song.The poet fails to guess what does the bird pours through its musical strain.

There is a tremendous mystery behind it of love or ignorance of pain. No shadow of sadness does ever come near the joyance of its song for there is only love and love not its pangs. The bird’s song flows in such a crystal stream that it makes no difference whether it is walking or asleep. Even in this sense it surpasses human beings. It is the nature of human beings to look back and forward and be sad for what we have not.

Our sincerest laughter is mixed with pain. Our sweetest songs are those that tell of our saddest thoughts.
The poet in no way feels human being to be near the greatness of the bird even if we shed all our vices like hate, pride or fear.

Glorifying the bird the poet says that it is beyond all measures or delightful sound and available treasures written in the books by poets. The poet makes a request to the bird to teach even half of its gladness that its brain preserves. He wishes that the harmonious madness of the bird should ever flow from the poet’s lips so that the whole of the world would listen and enjoy it as the poet is listening and enjoying.

(B) Poet has used three figures of speech in the poem ‘personification’ ‘simile’ and ‘alliteration’ find examples of all the three from the poem and write about these explaining the meanings and figures of speech used by the poet.
Answer:
Personification though dost float and run.
Simile: like an unbodied joy.
Alliteration: And Singing Still dost Soar, and Soaning ever Singest,

Things To Do

(A) Read the following poem and compare it with lines 85-90.
(B) Write out the similar and different feelings in the poems.
Answer:
For self attempt.

To a Skylark Summary in English

“To a Skylark’ is one of the greatest poems of English literature. It is written by P.B.-Shellev. Welcoming the skylark the poet says that it is not simply a bird but a carefree light-hearted bird which has been never seen before. It pours its copious and plentiful natural spontaneous musical notes direct from heaven. It goes higher and higher springing from the earth like a cloud of fire. Its singing soars and soars all around as a wave. It is floating and running like an unbodied joy in the midst of golden lightening of the setting sun over which the clouds are brightening.

To a Skylark Summary in Hindi

‘Toaskylark’ अंग्रेजी साहित्य की महान कविताओं में एक है। इसकी रचना पी. बी. शैली द्वारा की गई है। चातक पक्षी Skylark-a singing bird’ का स्वागत करते हुए कवि कहता है कि यह एक साधारण पक्षी नहीं है बल्कि एक स्वच्छंद, उन्मुक्त हदय वाला पक्षी है जो कभी दिखाई नहीं देता। यह अपनी मधुर और विविध प्राकृतिक सतत् संगीत को धुन सीधे आकाश से उड़ेलती है। यह आग के बादल की तरह धरती से उठकर ऊँचे से ऊँचा चली जाती है। इसका संगीत चारों ओर एक वेग की तरह गूंजता है।

यह एक अशारीरिक आनंद की तरह डूबते सूर्य के सुनहली रेखाओं के बीच जहां बादल चमकता होता है प्रवाहित होती है और दौड़ती है। हर पीलापन या बदरंग जो दु:ख का सूचक है वह इसकी उड़ान के साथ विलीन हो जाता है। चातक स्वर्गिक तारों की तरह दिन में अदृश्य रहता है लेकिन फिर भी इसका आनंददायक संगीत सुनाई देता है। यह चांद के तीर की तरह तेज है। जिसका तेज प्रकाश खेत संध्या के समय इसके करीब आ जाता है। यद्यपि हम इसे शायद ही देख पाते हैं, इसकी उपस्थिति कहीं न कहीं हमारे आसपास महसूस होती है। इसकी आवाज धरती और वायुमंडल में सुनसान रात के समय अकेले बादल से चारों ओर फैली होती है। इसका संगीतरूपी आनंद प्रवाहित होता रहता है।

कवि सही अर्थों में इस पक्षी को परिभाषित करने में अपने को असफल पाता है। इससे पहले कभी-भी ऐसा मधुर ध्वनि को बूंदै प्रवाहित नहीं हुआ। यह पक्षी विचारों के प्रकाश के पीछे छिपा हआ कवि है जो लगातार अपना गान तब तक गाए जा रहा है जबतक कि यह संसार सहानुभूति के साथ आशा और भय से ऊपर उठ न जाए। कवि के लिए यह एक उच्च कुलीन राजकुमारी है जो महल से अपने मधुर संगीत से अपने प्यार को सहलाती – की

मीच बिना दिखाई दिए चमकता है यह हरी पत्तियों के बीच छिपा हुआ गुलाब की तरह है। यह अपनी पंखुड़ियां तेज हवा के साथ बिखेरती है और अपनी सुगंध चारों और फैलाती है जिसे पत्तियों ने छिपा रखा था। इसकी ताजा संगीत वसंत के धुन को भी मात देता है जब अवतक स्वच्छ और आनंददायक था। कवि इस दैविक आत्मा या पक्षी-यह जो भी है, उससे अपने को यह शिक्षा देने को कहता है कि इसके अंदर कौन-सा मधुर विचार है। कवि आनंद का ऐसा दैविक प्रवाह इससे पहले कभी नहीं सुना। किस भी वैवाहिक संगीत या विजय गान से इस स्वर्गिक संगीत को तुलना करना मुश्किल है। फिर भी हमें महसूस होता है कि इसके पीछे एक चाहत छिपी है।

कवि यह अनुमान लगाने में असफल है कि यह पक्षी अपनी संगीतमयी धारा से क्या उडेलती है। इसमें प्यार और दर्द के अनजाने पन को एक अजीब-सा रहस्य है।। संगीत के आनंद के आसपास उदासी की छाया भी नहीं है क्योंकि वहाँ केवल प्यार है न कि प्यार का विद्रोह। पक्षी का संगीत एक स्वच्छ धारा के रूप में इस तरह बहती है जैसे इसके लय और शांति के बीच कोई अंतर ही नहीं लगता। इस अर्थ में भी यह मानव जाति से ऊपर है। मनुष्य का यह स्वभाव है कि वह आगे और पीछे देखता है और जो उसके पास नहीं है, उसके लिए दु:खी होता है।

हमारा सबसे बड़ा सुख दर्द से भरा है। हमारा सबसे मधुर संगीत है वह है जो हमारे सबसे अधिक दुःखी भावनाओं से उत्पन्न होता है। कवि किसी भी तरह पक्षी की महानता के आसपास भी मनुष्य को नहीं पाता यदि हम घृणा, अहंकार या भय जैसी बुराईयों को छोड़ भी दें तो। – कवि पक्षी के महानता को उजागर करते हुए कहता है कि यह किसी भी आनंदायक ध्वनि के पैमाने या कवियों द्वारा वर्णिन किसी भी खजाने से बहुत अंतर है। कवि पक्षी से यह अनुरोध करता है कि अपने दिमाग में आनन्द का आधा भी यह उसे सिखाए। वह यह उम्मीद कर है कि पक्षी के सुमधुर पागलपन को ध्वनि कवि के होठों से निकले जिससे कि जैसे कवि इसे सुनकर आनंदित होता है उसी तरह संपूर्ण संसार इसे सुने और आनंदित हो।

To a Skylark Word Meaning

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 9 To a Skylark 1

To a Skylark Comprehension

1. Read the following stanzas carefully and answer the questions that follow:

I. Hail! to thee, blithe spirit!
Bird thou never wert
That from heaven or near it
Pourest thy full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
Higher still and higher
From the earth thou springest,
Like a cloud of fire;
The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.

Questions:
(î) Who is ‘the’ in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘blithe spirit’?
(iii) What does the bird do?
(iv) From where does the bird spring and where does it go?
(v) Find a word from the lines which means same as ‘unplanned’.
Answers:
(I) ‘Thee’ is the sky lark (a bird).
(ii) The poet means a carefree and light-hearted bird.
(iii) The bird pours its spontaneous note of music.
(iv) The bird springs from the earth and it goes higher and higher in the sky.
(v) ‘Premcditated.

2. Like a high-born maiden
In a palace tower,
Soothing her love-laden
Soul in secret hour
With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:
Like a glow-worm golden
ma dell of dew,
Scattering unbeholden
Its aerial hue
Among the flowers and grass which screen it from the view:

Questions:
(i) Who does the poet compose with the bird in the first given stanza?
(ii) What does she do?
(iii) What is the effect of her music?
(iv) What is composed with in the second stanza given here?
(v) Find a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to ‘invisible’.
Answers:
(i) The bird is compared with a high-born maiden.
(ii) She soothes her love-laden soul.
(iii) Her music overflows her bower.
(iv) Here, the bird is compared with glow worm.
(v) ‘Unbeholden’.

3: Teach us, sprite or bird,
What sweet thoughts are thine:
I have never heard Praise of love or wine
That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
Chorus hymeneal,
Or triumphal chant,
Match’d with thine would be all
But an empty vaunt
A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.

Questions:
(i) What does the poet ask the bird to teach him?
(ii) What has the poet never heard?
(iii) What is chorus?
(iv) What does the poet guess in the bird’s song?
(v) Give a word from the above stanzas which is similar in meaning to ‘victory’.
Answers:
(i) The poet asks the bird to teach him the secret of its song.
(ii) The poet has never heard a song as sweet and divine as that of the bird.
(iii) Chorus is group song.
(iv) The poet guesses that there is some hidden want in the bird’s song.
(v) ‘triumphal’.

4. We look before and after,
And pine for what is not:
Our sincerest laughter With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

Questions:
(i) What human weakness that the poet finds in these lines?
(ii) What does the poet mean by ‘sincerest laughter’?
(iii) What are our sweetest songs?
(iv) Give the opposite word from the above stanza for ‘enjoy’
Answers:
(i) The poet finds that human being looks before and after and feels sad for what is not.
(ii) By ‘sincerest laughter’ the poet means extreme happiness.
(iii) Our sweetest songs are those that express our saddest thought.
(iv) ‘pine’.

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

Dear Teacher Question Answer Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 3 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 3 Dear Teacher Questions and Answers

Dear Teacher Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Arrange the words given below in the columns according to traits/ qualities they represent.
[दिए गए शब्दों का गुणों के आधार पर व्यवस्थित कीजिए।
Answer:
Negative Traits – Positive Traits

hardworking – 1. selfish
friendliness – 2. envy
quiet laughter – 3. howling
love for nature – 4. bullying
to laugh when sad – 5. cheating
wonder of books – 6. cynicism

B. Fill in the blanks using the words given, to complete the paragraph.
[रिक्त स्थान भरकर अनुच्छेद पूरा कीजिए।।
Answer:
wants, learn, physical, abilities, bidders, never, laugh, odd.

Comprehension

A Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the letter? Who is the addressee? (2013) ”
पत्र का लेखक कौन है ? पत्र किसे लिखा गया है?
Answer:
The writer of this letter is Abraham Lincoln. The letter is written to the teacher of his son.
इस पत्र के लेखक एब्राहम लिंकन है। पत्र उनके पुत्र के शिक्षक को लिखा गया है।

Question 2.
Which sentences in the letter suggest that the evil is balanced by the good ?
पत्र के किन वाक्यों से पता चलता है कि बुराई अच्छाई से सन्तुलित होती है ?
Answer:
The following sentences suggests this:
For every scoundrel there is a hero, for every selfish politician there is a dedicated leader and for every enemy there is a friend.
इन वाक्यों से यह पता चलता है हर दुष्ट के लिए यहाँ एक वीर है, हर स्वार्थी राजनेता के लिए एक समर्पित नेता है और हर शत्रु के लिए एक मित्र होता है।

Question 3.
How are bullies the easiest to defeat ? (2008,09,10,11,12,16)
दबंगों को हराना सबसे आसान क्यों हैं ?
Answer:
Bullies are the easiest to defeat because they can be easily targeted.
दबंगों को हराना इसलिए सबसे आसान है कि उन्हें आसानी से निशाना बनाया जा सकता

Question 4.
Select the sentences from the text that suggests Lincoln wanted his son to appreciate nature.
पाठ में से वह वाक्य चुनो जिससे ज्ञात होता है कि लिंकन चाहते थे कि उनका पुत्र प्रकृति प्रेमी बने।
Answer:
“But also give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees in the sun and flowers on a green hillside.”
“लेकिन उसे एकान्त भी प्रदान करो जिसमें वह आकाश में उड़ती चिड़ियों, सूरज की धूप में कार्यरत मधुमक्खियों और हरी-भरौ पहाड़ियों पर खिलखिलातें फूलों के शाश्वत रहस्य पर मनन कर सकें।”

Question 5.
Pick up the expression from the text which suggests that Lincoln greatly loved his son.
पाठ में से उस पद को निकालो जिससे पता चलता हो कि लिंकन अपने पुत्र को अत्यधिक प्यार करता था।
Answer:
“He is such a fine little fellow, my son” !
“वह एक बहुत ही प्यारा छोटा बच्चा है, मेरा पुत्र” !

Question 6.
What is worse than failure ? (2009, 11, 14)
असफलता से अधिक बुरा क्या है?
Answer:
Cheating is worse than failure.
नकल करना (बेईमानी करना) असफलता से ज्यादा बुरा है।

B. Briefly explain the following statements from the text.
पाठ के इन कथनों को संक्षेप में समझाइए।।

1. ….. a dollar earned is of far more value than five pounds.
Answer:
To earn a small sum by one’s own labour is far better than a huge sum received in gift.

2. …… to have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong.
Answer:
To have confidence in one’s own thinking ability.

3. …… to close his ears to the howling mob.
Answer:
Pay no heed to people shouting nonsensically

4. …… the secret of quiet laughter.
Answer:
Enjoying happiness and satisfaction without much ado.

5. ……. the courage to be impatient : …… the patience to be brave.
Answer:
Courage to be eager to do the right thing or to fight evil …… ability to persevere with fearlessness.

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।।

Complete these sentences using ‘little’ or ‘few’.

Question 1.
Little’ या ‘few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।
Answer:

few, little
little
little
few
Few.

Question 2.
Complete the sentences using a little’ or ‘a few’.
[a little’ या ‘a few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।
Answer:

a little
a few
a few
a few
a little, a few.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences using the little’ or ‘the few’.
[the little’ या ‘the few’ का उपयोग करके वाक्य पूरे करो।]
Answer:

The little
The few
the few
the little.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences by filling in “each’ or ‘every’ as may be suitable.
[each’ या ‘every’ भरकर वाक्या पूरे करो।
Answer:

every
Each
Every
every
every
every
Each
each
Every
every

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with ‘all’, ‘both’ or ‘whole whichever is suitable.
[‘all’, ‘both’ या ‘whole’ का उपयोग करके रिक्त स्थान भरो। ]
Answer:

all
whole
Both
All
whole
all
whole
All
all
both

Question 6.
Insert ‘either’ or ‘neither’ wherever necessary.
‘either’ या ‘neither’ से रिक्त स्थान भरो।
Answer:

neither
either, neither
either
either
Neither
either
either
Neither
Neither
either.

Dear Teacher Summary in Hindi

मैं जानता हूँ कि उसे यह सीखना पड़ेगा कि सभी इन्सान ईमानदार और सच्चे नहीं होते, किन्तु उसे यह भी सिखाइए कि प्रत्येक बदमाश के प्रतिकार के लिए एक वीर होता है, प्रत्येक स्वार्थी राजनीतिज्ञ के प्रतिकार के लिए एक समर्पित नेता होता है। उसे समझाइए कि प्रत्येक विरोधी के प्रतिकार के लिए एक मित्र होता है। मैं समझता हूँ कि इसमें समय लगेगा, पर यदि आप उसे समझा सकतें हों तो समझाएँ कि कमाए हुए एक डॉलर का मूल्य पाँच पाउण्ड से अधिक होता है। उसे पराजय स्वीकारना सिखाइए पर इसी के साथ-साथ उसे विजय पर आनन्दित होना भी सिखाइए।

उसका मार्गदर्शन कीजिए जिससे वह विद्वेष से दूर रह सके। यदि आप कर सकें तो उसे निश्चल हास्य का मर्म सिखाइए।उसे जल्दी ही यह सिखा दीजिए कि उद्दण्डों को धूल चटाना सबसे आसान काम है। यदि आप कर सकते हों तो उसे किताबों के कौतुक का ज्ञान भी दीजिए, किन्तु उसे शान्ति के साथ बैठकर आकाश में उड़ती चिड़ियों, सूर्य के प्रकाश में कार्यरत मधुमक्खियों और हरित पहाड़ियों पर खिलते फूलों के चिरन्तन रहस्य पर चिन्तन करने के लिए भी समय दीजिए।

स्कल में उसे सिखाइए कि नकल करके पास होने से फेल होना ज्यादा सम्मानजनक है। यदि सब लोग कहें कि वे गलत हैं तब भी उसे अपने विचारों पर भरोसा रखना सिखाइए। उसे भले लोगों के साथ भला और दुष्टों के साथ दुष्ट के समान व्यवहार करना सिखाइए। मेरे पुत्र को इतनी शक्ति प्रदान करने का प्रयत्न कीजिए कि वह उस भीड़ से अलग रहे जो किसी लोकप्रिय होती गतिविधि में शामिल हो रही हो। उसे सभी लोगों की बात सुनना सिखाइए, लेकिन उसे यह भी सिखाइए कि जो वह सुनता है उसे सच्चाई की छलनी से छाने और जो अच्छाई निकले उसी को स्वीकार करे।

यदि आप कर सकें तो उस सिखाइए कि उदासी के समय हँसा कैसे जाता है। उसे सिखाइए कि आँसुओं से शर्मसार होने की आश्वयकता नहीं है। उसे दोषदर्शियों की हँसी उड़ाना तथा अधिक चाटुकारिता दिखाने वालों से सतर्क रहना सिखाइए। उसे अपनी शारीरिक एवं मानसिक क्षमता को सबसे अधिक बोली लगाने वालों को देना सिखाइए, किन्तु अपनी आत्मा और अपने हृदय का कोई मूल्य निर्धारित नहीं करना सिखाइए। उसे उत्तेजित भीड़ के शोर-शराबे पर ध्यान न देना और सच्चाई के लिए लड़ना भी सिखाइए।

उसके साथ सहृदयता का व्यवहार तो करिए किन्तु अधिक लाड़-प्यार मत दिखाइए क्योंकि आग में तपकर ही व्यक्ति लौहपुरुष बनता है। उसमें व्यग्रता के लिए साहस और बहादुरी के लिए धैर्य होना चाहिए। उसे अपने आप में परम विश्वास रखना सिखाइए क्योंकि तभी मानव जाति में उसका परम विश्वास बना रह सकता है। यह एक मुश्किल अभियाचना है पर देखिए आप क्या कुछ कर सकते हैं। वह, मेरा पुत्र, एक बहुत अच्छा इन्सान है। -अब्राहम लिंकन

Dear Teacher Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 3 Dear Teacher 1

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

O Captain! My Captain! Question Answer Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 13 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 13 O Captain! My Captain! Questions and Answers

O Captain! My Captain! Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Fill in the blanks with words from the poem.
कविता के शब्दों से खाली स्थान भरो।
Answer:

exulting
bleeding
the bouquets, ribboned
beneath
anchored, sound
mournful.

B. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.
कॉलम A में दिये शब्दों को कॉलम B में दिये अर्थों से मिलाइए।
Answer:
1 + 2, 2 + 4,3 +5,4 + 3,5+ 1.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each
इन प्रश्नों का एक या दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
How do people react as the ship approaches the port ? (2008, 09)
जहाज जब बन्दरगाह पर पहुंचता है तो लोग क्या करते हैं ?
Answer:
When the ship reaches the port people feel great pleasure.
जब जहाज बन्दरगाह पर पहुंचता है तो लोग अत्यधिक आनन्द का अनुभव करते हैं।

Question 2.
Where does the Captain of the ship lie ? (2010, 13)
जहाज का कप्तान कहाँ लेटा है ?
Answer:
The captain of the ship is lying on the deck.
जहाज का कप्तान जहाज की छत पर लेटा है।

Question 3.
What makes the poet think that the captain is dying? (2009)
है कि कप्तान मरने वाला है ?
Answer:
The poet thinks that the captain is dying because his lips are pale and still. Moreover, there is no pulse.
कवि समझता है कि कप्तान मरने वाला है क्योंकि उसके हो न अचल हैं और उसकी नाड़ी नहीं चल रही है।

Question 4.
What does the poet choose to do instead joining rejoicings ? (2011)
लोगों की खुशियों में शामिल होने के बजाय कवि ने क्या करना पसन्द किया ?
Answer:
Instead of joining the people’s rejoicings the poet choose to walk mournfully on the deck where his captain was lying.
लोगों की खुशियों में शामिल होने के बजाय कवि ने दुखी मन से जहाज की छत पर चलते रहना तय किया जहाँ उसका कप्तान लेटा हुआ था।

B. Answer these questions in two to four sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों का दो से चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।

Question 1.
What is meant by the fearful trip and the prize that was sought and is won ? (2016)
भयावह यात्रा और पुरस्कार जो चाहा गया था तथा जीत लिया गया इसका क्या अर्थ
Answer:
The fearful trip represents the war of independence. The prize sought is freedom. Winning it represents success achieved.
भयावह यात्रा का अर्थ है स्वतन्त्रता का युद्ध। इनाम जो चाहा गया था वह है स्वतन्त्रता और उसे जीतने का अर्थ है-सफलता की प्राप्ति।

Question 2.
Write down the expressions by which the poet suggests that his captain is finally dead. (2008)
उन पदों को लिपिबद्ध कीजिए जिनसे कवि यह इंगित करता है कि कप्तान की वास्तव में मृत्यु हो चुकी है।
Answer:
Fallen cold and dead; his lips are pale and still; he has no pulse or will. These expressions suggest that the captain is dead.
ठण्डा और मृत पड़ा है। उसके होंठ रंग विहीन और अचल हैं; उसकी नाड़ी नहीं चल रही है न उसमें इच्छा शक्ति है। इन पदों से पता चलता है कि कप्तान की मृत्यु हो चुकी है।

O Captain! My Captain! Hindi Translation

हे कप्तान ! मेरे कप्तान ! अपनी भयावह यात्रा पूरी हो चुकी है। जहाज ने विनाशकारी तूफान झेल लिया है, जो पुरस्कार हम चाहते थे वह जीत लिया गया है बन्दरगाह समीप ही है, मैं घंटियों की आवाज सुन रहा हूँ, लोग गर्व का अनुभव कर रहे हैं।
आँखें जहाज के स्थिर नौतल को देख रही हैं, जहाज कठोर पर स्नेहपात्र है।

पर हे दिल ! दिल !
ओह खून की टपकती बूंदें !
जहाज की छत पर जहाँ मेरा कप्तान लेटा है।
भावशून्य और मृत।

हे कप्तान ! मेरे कप्तान ! उठो और घंटियों की आवाज सुनो। उठो-तुम्हारे लिए झण्डे फहराए गए हैं- तुम्हारे लिए बिगुल कम्पित स्वर निकाल रहे तुम्हारे लिए पुष्प गुच्छ और फीते वाली मालाएँ हैं, तुम्हारे लिए किनारे पर लोगों की भीड़ है। तुम्हारे लिए ये झूमते हुए लोगों के समूह पुकार लगा रहे हैं, उनके उत्सुक चेहरे तुम्हारी ओर मुड़ रहे है।

लो कप्तान ! प्यारे पिता !
ये बाँह तुम्हारे सिर के नीचे है।
क्या यह स्वप्न है कि जहाज के छत पर,
भावशून्य और मृत पड़े हो।

मेरा कप्तान उत्तर नहीं देता, उसके होंठ रंगहीन और अचल हैं। मेरे पिता मेरी बाँह का अनुभव नहीं कर रहे, न उनकी नाड़ी चल रही है न उनमें इच्छा-शक्ति है।

जहाज सुरक्षित लंगर डाल चुका है, उसकी यात्रा पूरी हो चुकी है,
भयावह यात्रा से विजेता जहाज विजय का तोहफा लेकर लौटा है।

किनारे गर्वान्वित हो जाओ, घंटियाँ बज उठो,
लेकिन मैं दु:ख भरी चाल से
जहाज की छत पर जहाँ मेरा कप्तान
शान्त और मृत पड़ा है, चहलकदमी करता रहूँगा। -वॉल्ट विटमन

O Captain! My Captain! Summary in Hindi

कविता अमेरिका में गृहयुद्ध की समाप्ति पर अब्राहम लिंकन की छलपूर्वक की गई हत्या की पष्ठभूमि में लिखी गई है। अमेरिका को एक जहाज के रूप में वर्णित किया गया है जिसे तूफानी समुद्र में यात्रा करनी थी। अब्राहम लिंकन जहाज के कप्तान हैं। जहाज विक्षुब्ध समुद्र में बचकर बन्दरगाह तक पहुँच गया। तभी कवि को कप्तान जहाँ लेटा है उस स्थान पर खून की बूंदें दिखीं। किनारे पर लोग जहाज के सुरक्षित आने की खुशियाँ मना रहे थे। वे इससे अनभिज्ञ थे कि कप्तान जिसने तूफान में जहाज का संचालन किया था वह मर चुका है। किनारे पर लोग जश्न मनाते रहे पर कवि का दिल टूट चुका है वह उनके साथ शामिल नहीं हो सकता।

O Captain! My Captain! Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 13 O Captain! My Captain! 1

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Essay Writing Important Questions

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Essay Writing

1. Forest and Human Life (M.P. 2009, 13)

Planting trees is called plantation and a huge area covered with a number of trees of different variety and quality are called forests, the need is to protect them and save them from illegal cutting and destruction. To encourage tree plantation and to develop an understanding and love for trees, government from time to time has launched many programmes all over the country and it has resulted that today we see a number of green trees on the roadside and along the railway track. Just as we need garments to cover and decorate our body similarly to increase the beauty of the earth trees are important. These trees not only decorate the earth but supply man with many important and necessary things. The first and foremost it supplies life saving oxygen to man, it brings rainfall and also is home of beautiful birds and animals.

Forest feeds many industries with raw material which are used for making products that are in demand thus forest helps in raising the economic condition of the country. Most of the present industries like paper, oil, rubber, etc. depend on forest for raw materials. These forests are also beneficial for these provide herbs and medicinal oil for preparing various medicines as well as artificial milk from the sap of the cow tree.

Forest helps to clean the atmosphere and purity air as well as make it pleasant. Today most of our forests are protected areas and are sanctuary that helps the government to earn foreign currency everyyear. Today world is alert towards the need of forest for human and world’s survival that a number of worldwide programmes been launched. In India every year we celebrate “Van Mahotsav’, it encourages tree plantation over wasteland to protect top soil. It is the present need of the mother earth.

2. Importance of Newspaper (Imp)
Or
Role of Free Press in Democracy

A free press is the champion of the people’s rights and the enemy of oppression. It supports every good cause and exposes every false belief. It is the agent of truth, justice and civilization. People cannot be made slaves where press is free. In a democracy, the importance of press is even greater. The chief function of the press should be to protect the people from their rules. A free press works for the welfare of the people. It is the voice of the nation. It speaks fearlessly on national issues.

The most important function of a newspaper is to educate public opinion. It supplies accurate information to its readers. It is the eye-ope ler of the government and the public. It serves as a forum for the people. Through it people may know freely what is going on in the world. A free newspaper is the guardian of the people. It fights against authoritarian forces, injustice and exploitation.

The press acts as a public enquiry commission. Antinational and antisocial elements are afraid of the press because it brings to light their misdeeds. If the press is public-spirited it acts in an objective manner. No wonder then our politicians are more afraid of the newspa pers than the people.

It is the newspaper that exposes the misdeeds of the government. A controlled press is an insult to the nation. People must be free to express their opinion in the newspapers. It is a pity that in our country the newspapers are controlled by the capitalist class. All the newspapers cater the interest of the rich. They seldom espouse the cause of the poor of the underprivileged classes. The newspapers that create communal hatred are the enemies of the public. They spread false alarms. They excite violence. Government must put rigorous restriction on the publication of such reports. It causes a threat to the unity of the nation.

3. The Problem of Unemployment in India (Imp)

The problem of unemployment is the most difficult problem that faces our country. After so many years of independence, the problem has become more acute. There are more unemployed persons that they were at the time of independence. All the development plans have failed to provide employment to our young men and women. The number of job seekers on the registers of Employment Exchanges has multiplied.

There are several causes for the increased unemployment in India. Rapid industrialisation is one of them. Galloping birth rate and defective education system are some of other causes. The population of our country is increasing at an alarming rate. Whatever is achieved in terms of additional jobs is not too enough by fresh hands seeking unemployment.

India is still an underdeveloped nation. Ours is a rich country inhabited by the poor. It means that India is rich in natural resources, but they need exploitation. There is still a great scope for expansion on all fronts. There is enough barren land which can be brought under cultivation. More dams could be built and more electricity should be generated. We still need schools, hospitals, dispensaries, libraries and community centres. All these can provide work to millions.

Not much attention has been paid to handicraft and cottage industry. We must persuade our young people to engage themselves on these neglected areas of work. The government must make a provision for special subsidy for cottage industry in order to rehabilitate it.

Our education should be made job-oriented. But our education is liberal education. It has produced only babus. They are fit for nothing but clerical jobs which they do not get. Dignity of labour must be taught to the young. Machinery should be used carefully so that it does not displace workers. A proper coordination between industrial development and employment opportunities is required to be developed. Lure for machinery must be checked.

We must also check the fast growing population. This is of foremost importance. Unless this is achieved, no plan can give desired results. Family planning has to be popularised among the ignorant villagers who continue to be superstitious in the matter concerning births. Dignity of labour must be brought home to all. No work is low. We must not hesitate to use the hands and feet that God has given us. Our young must change their outlook if the cancer of unemployment has to be removed from our society.

4. T. V. and Education
Or
The Educational Value of T.V.
(M.P. 2015)

Television is the wonderful invention of the present century. It is becoming very popular as a means of education throughout the world. In the western countries, the schools make full use of television in making education as effective and interesting as possible. In our country, it is still in its infancy. But the new education policy announced recently has laid sufficient stress on the modern aids of education and television has been given its due place. In Delhi schools, television is freely used as a means of education.

No one can deny the fact that television is the most effective means of imparting education. In scientific education in particular, good programmes on the television can easily make up for a bad teacher or an ill-equipped laboratory. Its audio-visual quality makes teaching through television more effective. It has a lasting imprint on the minds of the students. The importance of teaching subjects like Geography on television cannot be underes timated. The students can be shown actual Geographical facts and phenomena on television. They can be shown the rise of the monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and their advancement to the land and mountains, resulting in monsoon rainfall throughout India. They can also be shown the lunar or solar eclipses.

The importance of using audio-visual aids while teaching other subjects also cannot be denied. It is true that a television lesson has the obvious disadvantages of the absence of student participation but this disadvantage can be overcome by planning a lesson in such a way that it can take of all possible reactions and by making the teacher discuss the problems of individual students at the end of a lesson. The actual celebration of some of the national days can be effectively shown on television. The students can listen to the speeches of our national leaders and can be benefited by it.

Sports have become an important part of our education system. Effective coaching in various sports can be given with the help of television. Actual test matches and other international sports events have inspired many a budding player.

One of the most important part of our planning in education is that of adult education. Television is a very useful medium of entertaining and enlightening our grown-up masses. If used properly, television can enlighten our ignorant masses.

5. Aim in Life (Imp)
Or
The Choice of a Profession

“Aimless man is a boat without a rudder.” There are many professions that are open to young men and women. Teaching is one. It is a noble profession and it gives one an opportu nity of shaping the lives of young boys and girls and make them useful members of society. A teacher has to work very hard but the remuneration he gets for his hard work is extremely meagre. Then there is a law. There is much money in this profession but it kills the con science of the person who adopts this profession. Many a time a lawyer has to defend a criminal or a murderer and this is nothing short of committing the crime himself. That is why Mahatma Gandhi called the lawyer’s profession a liar’s profession. Lastly, there is business with its glittering gold but its financial implications deter me from entering business.

I would like to become a doctor. I have many reasons for choosing this profession. First, the medical profession is considered a very noble profession, rather the noblest by the rich and the poor alike. A doctor enjoys a social prestige and status hard to come by in other professions. Whatever people might think of teachers, engineers or businessmen, they always think very highly of doctors. There are a few doctors who do not follow the ethical methods and bring disrepute on their profession. But such doctors are happily very few indeed. I would follow medical ethics rather scrupulously. Another reason why I want to choose this profession is that it is an independent profession. One need not dance attendance upon rich and the great for advancement. Success is yours provided you are ready to take pains, adopt sympathetic attitude, and provide selfless and dedicated service. If a person is really sincere in his work even financial success can be achieved. There is no limit to a doctor’s income. And then the social status enjoyed by a doctor is just great. Man’s ambition in life is not only to amass wealth but also serve his fellow beings. And who can serve suffering humanity better than a doctor. He can bring smile on the glum face of a sick man. To save a person from the jaws of death is the highest act of charity and nobility. These are some of the reasons that have prompted me to adopt this noblest of profession.

6. Population Problem in India
(M.P. 2009)

Population problem is one of the biggest problem today faced by the world. India is facing this problem from a long time back, more than a crore has been added in our census since, 1947 and if it goes on like this the situation will become critical.

This problem has given rise to many other problems like food, employment, houses etc., and industrialization has added fuel to it. Industries have added pollution problem to the rapid increase of population. Insanitation and rapid increase in some areas have only added to this problem giving it a more severe look. Today it seems that this situation has gone out of our hand.

The rapid development in the field of medical science an average life-span of man has increased, as a result there is a downward trend in the death rate even the child mortality rate has reduced as a result there has been a rapid increase in population.

Indian were basically orthodox in their outlook and regarded birth control as a sin, but today due to rapid development of education and scientific knowledge the traditional outlook is fast-changing but still we have miles to go before any definite solution can be found, unless our villages are not made literate all scientific development will continue to become meaningless.

Under the leadership of Smt. Indira Gandhi a number of programmes had been launched to tackle the situation. The marriage age of the girls was increased to 18 years and child marriages were banned. Spread of education also helped in increasing the age of marriages for girls or boys alike. Family planning education programmes were launched and popularized. This enlightened the people towards their moral responsibility. They owed to the country. If we want our country to progress, we have to teach average man the value of small i planned family. We also need to revive our cottage industries and propagate the value of adult education so that our villagers understand the importance of small family.

7. The Importance of Games and Sports
(M.P. 2009, 10, 13, 15)

Games are necessary part of education. Just as books form part of education, games and sports also form part of education. Books enlighten the mind but games refresh the body. In a word, books and games are complementary to each other. For students both are essential.

The fitness of man is absolutely necessary to live a life worth. If a person is always engrossed in books he is bound to be dull and lifeless. So, books and games both are necessary for a student. Life without charm if one is not healthy. Games and sports go a long way in keeping a man healthy and fit.

Games are compulsory in schools. One period is reserved for games. But in colleges this is not the same. Many students never come to the playfield. Some ways must be devised so, that every youngman can be attracted towards the playground.

Games keep us healthy and in good spirits. After a game one feels refreshed and ready for the work of the day. Games also develop a sense of fellow feeling and comradeship on people. Team games are especially helpful in this regard. They teach us the spirit of following the orders of a fellow player, who happens to be our captain. However, games must not be played with the spirit of enmity. On the playfield persons who happen to be in a rival team are not our enemies but our opponents. On the playfield it is immaterial as to who wins and who loses, what is important is that the game is played with the spirit of the game. So, games can teach us the lesson of friendship. Games also inculcate in us a sense of discipline. Disci pline is the most important thing in the life of a man. Only those people succeed in their lives who lead a disciplined life and no place is better than a playfield to teach us about the discipline. An undisciplined man is bound to fail in the game of life. Further, games and sports help us to fight against the menace of caste, creed and colour. On a playfield one is only a player and a partner or opponent. He is not a Hindu or Muslim or Sikkh.

However, excessive indulge in games is bound to be harmful. Too much play is harmful to health as well. Then spending too much time on the playfield will-mean less time for studies for a student. So, there must be right balance between games, studies and other activities of life.

8. If I were the Prime Minister of India (Imp)

Man by nature is a dreamer and often dream of things that are nowhere real and far from becoming a fact. I too dream of becoming a Prime Minister of India if given a chance and choice. As a Prime Minister I would introduce many reforms both in social, economic and education circle.

The first thing I would do is to introduce and make moral education compulsory. I would remove poverty from the country and introduce reforms in agriculture granting loan so that young boys can start their own work.

As a Prime Minister I would stress up on spreading education so that the ignorance of superstition present in the society is removed and make a secular state in the true sense and would see that no political party favours any particular religion and no such thing or law are done that would hurt the sentiments of the people.

I shall set such an example of selfless service to the people that my successor may emulate my example. Such is my vision. If I ever get an opportunity to become the Prime Minister of India.

9. India of My Dream

World is fast moving towards the 21st century and it is essential that we redesign India and make it a world of dream which is bound to be different from what it is now.

It is the need that India should be conscious of her national identity as we prefer to identity ourselves on the basis of our community rather than identifying ourselves as an Indian, this tendency disintegrates us and diverts us from our goal. Let us on this 15th Aug. pledge ourselves to be Indian and to call ourselves Indian. The freedom and the development of the nation depends largely upon how far we are united and how strong our ties with one another are, for there is no short cut to peace and harmony as well as development.

For a powerful and resurgent India, education is vital and basic need, our constitution also guarantees it. It is the government’s responsibility to provide facility of education for all, therefore it has made education free for all students of up to 14 years age, but unfortunately even after 50 years of our Independence we have not been able to achieve the goal in spite of providing all that facilities and utilising all resources we have failed to reach the goal. Therefore, the present need is to utilise all the resources and achieve the target set, so that an enlightened Indian enters into the 21st century.

India, as we know is not free from problem and has always come out victorious in tackling them. The biggest problem of the day is the population explosion which has failed all achievements and eaten up our success therefore, it has be very essential that the growth rate of population be checked, then only the fruits of success will come our way otherwise not.

An average Indian’s dream should be to enter the new century free from problems and that can be attained only through firm determination and sensible timely decision, the national wealth should be evenly distributed so that the true meaning of socialism is attained by the time we enter new era.

We all desire to see India as a well-developed and advanced nation, that is self- sufficient in her needs, therefore, the need is to leave parochial tendencies and do our share of work to make India a heaven of peace and prosperity, then only the India of our dream will come to life.

10. Places of Tourist Interest in M.P. (Imp)

Tourism is a flourishing industry these days. It is an important means of eaming valuable foreign exchange for every country. India, with her rich legacy, is a paradise for tourists on earth. People from America and Europe visit our country in great numbers and try to see the beauty of the country. Madhya Pradesh lies in the heart of India is also a tourists attraction.

The most important tourist centre of the state is Khajuraho. This town is situated near Chhatarpur. There is a regular air service to this town. Although it is not connected with rail, yet it is connected with almost every tourist town of the state through bus service. The town is famous for its temples built by the Chandel kings, nearby there is also a cluster of Jain temples. Every tourist who visits Agra also visits Khajuraho.

Sanchi is another tourist paradise. It boasts of the famous stupas which tell us about Buddhist culture. It was a flourishing town in the past. In 1952, on the occasion of the 2500th birth anniversary of Lord Buddha a new stupa arid temple were erected here. It is near Bhopal and is connected by direct train and bus services.

Bhopal, which is now the capital of the state boasts of some ancient monuments. The town was established in very ancient times by Raja Bhoj and hence, it is called Bhojpal or Bhopal. Here are heavy industries like, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). Indore is also a place of historical interest. Near Indore is Dhar which has the famous forts of Bag Bahadur and Rani Roopmati. The town is a poem of stones. Gwalior is another famous centre of tourists attraction. The old fort of Gwalior is worth seeing. Now the fort has fa mous Scindhia School. It is a historical monument. Jabalpur situated on the banks of the Narmada, is famous for its marble rocks. Another important historical place is Ujjain. It was once the seat of Lord Vikramaditya, who is considered to be the wisest king ever born in India. The famous temple of Mahakal is also situated here. Today it is an important educa tional centre. It is one of the oldest town of the state and is famous for its Kumbha Fair, which is help once every twelve years…

Among other places of tourist interest may be mentioned is Pachmarhi, the only hill station of the state. Other towns of historical importance are Burhanpur, Vidisha, Rewa. Rewa is famous for its white tigers. Vidisha also boasts of some tourists attraction. Thus, we can say that Madhya Pradesh is a tourist paradise in India.

11. Unity is Strength (Imp)
(M.P. 2013)

India is a vast country and the Indian society is divided and subdivided into many castes and sub-castes speaking different languages. To bring all these on one platform is ..rather a difficult job, therefore efforts are being made to cultivate feeling of one nationality.

History reminds us of that from time to time. Our differences had breathed trouble for us and it was because of this disunity that we suffered 200 years of slavery. To a certain extent introduction of English and various means of transportation which were swifter, brought people closer and knitted them on common grounds. This closeness gave birth to common thoughts and outlook both on social and political ground. Yet the most essential aspect is yet to develop even today and that is, we all are Indians first and Indian last than only the differences and diversion will be shed and also stop communal riots.

India, has been from time to time threatened by many agitations. Some of these are still lingering in air like Assam problem, where non-Assamees are called foreigners, than — Punjab which burnt for many years under the fire of terrorism and such other problem in various parts of India pose a threat to India’s unity and integrity making people forget their nationality and the power of unity.

Unless Indians realize their role in democracy and look upon themselves as an Indian and not as Sikh, Punjabi, Marathi, etc., they cannot hope to present a united front before their enemies. The media can play an important role in developing this feeling of national unity.

It has been rightly said “External vigilance is the prize of liberty”. India’s present need is to be vigilant against the jeopardy of casteism, communalism if it wants to retain its freedom. We have to present a united front before our enemies like, China and Pakistan.

The bottom line is “United we stand, divided we fall.”

12. Position of Women in Ancient and Modern India

“Gods reside where women are respected” In the days of the epic age, women enjoyed a great respect among the people. They had an equal part in administration, warfare and education. It is a well known fact that kaikeyi the queen of Dashrath, joined hands with him in the battlefield and was therefore, granted two boons by him for her meritorius services. We are also not unaware of Lilawati in · who had been the pioneer for Indian astronomy. The wife of Madan Mishra defeated Shankaracharya in the vedic discussions.

During the Muslim rule, women were pushed into the background but there also the noble examples of Durgawati, Chand Bibi and Jijabai are exemplary. Many women poets like Mirabai adorned our Hindi literature. We can not forget the bravery of Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi whose valour threatened great English generals in 1857.

It was Raja Ram Mohan Rai, who took up again the cause of Indian women during the early years of the 19th century, with whose efforts came the abolition of the ‘Sati system.’ It was due to his courageous work that Indian women dared to come out of purdah. The women of India played an important part in the freedom movement.

Now, the position of women in free India is very secure. ‘Child marriage’ and ‘Sati system are things of the past. Purdah has been cast aside by the Indian women and now every girl has to study. The Hindu law has given girls also a share in father’s property.

Indian women are marching shoulder to shoulder in every walk life, but despite all the advances made by them, Indian women are still ignorant and illiterate in great majority. It is the duty of the government to make education compulsory to infuse in women the value of self help. If India is to become truly prosperous, women should be paid special attention.

13. Menace of Terrorism in India – (Imp)

Terrorism is the bone of modern times. In general it is considered to be the use of violence of political ends. It is infact deliberate and systematic murder maining and menacing of the innocent to inspire fear for political end. Terrorism is the threat or use of violence by an individual of group whether acting for when such action is designed to create internal anxiety and public terror. It is not mindless as many people make us believe. It is deliberate and planned. It is a deliberate means to an end.

It the past terrorism was the strategy of the poor and down trodden against the ruthless tyrants. However today the moss, representing the terrorism, are not poor. Besides it, terrorism are getting modern weapons by which to achieve their arms. Some present-day terrorism groups have quite clearly acquired the characteristic once attributed to tyranny. This is the picture that emerges from the terrorist activities in Punjab.

Terrorism mainly springs from political frustration. Political parties and groups that are not able to annex from power by lawful and political means try to grab it by terrorist activities. They spare no pains to achieve their goals by whatever means they can. Unemployed frustrated youths easily become a prey to mechanisation of such disgruntled politicians.

Terrorism also takes the form hijacking of planes and kidnapping of diplomats other prominent citizens so that the demands of the terrorists could be conceded. Terrorism keep changing their ways of operation so that they are not easily caught.

In Punjab, we are witnessing the worst form terrorism today. Almost everyday news is brought about merciless killing of people. The events took an ugly turn after the assignation of Smt. Indira Gandhi. In the wake of her murder communal fury raged over the whole country. Pakistan, which has always wanted to find India in trouble was got a nice opportunity to send armed terrorists across the border to make Punjab unsteady. Although, the terrorism in Punjab have been isolated, yet the menace of terrorism in Punjab is far from over. Assam is also suffering greatly under terrorism.

Instances of state terrorism are also not tacking. In 1985 the Israel Govt. bombed a Tunisian territory so, that it could get rid of Vassar Arafat who was known to be living there. : Most governments are trying to fight this menace by setting up anti-terrorist squads consisting of specially, trained commandos who can spring to action at the slightest pretext. The remedy lies not in forming anti-terrorist squads, it lies in training in minds of the youths in constructive channels. Satisfied people will not take to the path of terrorism.

14. Science and Civilisation (M.P. 2012, 13)

Science has been the wonderful phenomena for mankind. It has considerably altered the world by its wonderful discoveries and invention. Revolutionary changes have been brought about which could not have taken place in the absence of science. It is science that produced and development of human civilisation. The process of science has been a potent factor to shape the history of man’s civilisation on earth. Our forefathers lived a primitive life, and we are now living in an atomic age. This long leap from the jungle to the atomic civilisation could be possible only through science. The concept of civilization is different from that of culture. Civilisation includes the physical development while culture signifies the inner growth. All the industrial, agriculture and technological developments are the essential parts of a developing civilisation. We are now living in a world of dazzling glitter. Machines have reduced much of the human labour and suffering. They are serving humanity like faithful servants. Ours is a push-button civilisation which depends upon tools, implements and machines.

. There are specific features that make a civilisation full. The entire structure of civilisation stands on some solid factors. The first condition for a true civilisation is that it must include the fulfilment of the primary human necessities just as food, clothing and housing. It is a matter of proud privilege that the present generation is enjoying better living conditions. We have better clothes to wear better and nourishing food to eat and a better house to live in than our ancestors. In this respect, we can assume an easy superiority over them. There is no denying the fact that it is science which has made our living conditions better. We must be grateful to science for its many benefits.

The other factor which makes a civilisation meaningful and useful is leisure. If a civilisation cannot provide leisure to the people, it is not a civilisation of human beings but of brutes. If a person is busy filling his belly from morning to evening, he does nothing different from what an animal does. The poor fellow struggles for survival throughout his whole life and this is what the people hunting and pastoral age did.

Science has bestowed numerous gifts on mankind. Means of transport and communications, medical facilities, electricity, culture machinery, recreational facilities etc. are such gifts of science to man. The blessings of science have made human life smooth and easy. Unfortunately the gifts of science have not been shared by all human beings equally. No civilisation is complete unless and the gifts of science are enjoyed by all. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened. This has hampered the uniform development of our civi lisation.

Science has invited lethal weapons which can destroy mankind in a twinkling of an eye. Thę atomic weapons have multiplied. Science can take away from us in a movement what it has given to us during the last several ages.

The terror of war is always hanging upon our heads like the sword of Democles. The survival of humanity is facing a horrible. The future of our civilisation is uncertain if the atomic weapons spark the Third World War. If science has made civilisation strong on one hand, it has made it weak on the other. If the gifts of science are not properly used, time is not far we shall see the end of human civilisation.

15. Democracy in India

India is said to be the largest democracy in the world in terms members. Democracy is the form of government in which people’s will is supreme. Since in the present-day big countries, it is not possible for the entire population of a country to gather at one place and deliberate and control the whole affairs. Government is therefore, carried by the elected representatives of the people. Of all the political forms of governments, democracy is considered to be all best. Democracy is therefore, the most cultured and civilised political institution.

Democracy is the temple in which there is only idol to be worshipped and that is the idol of the people. Democracy provides, to its people, freedom of thought, speech and action. Elections are held after a certain specified number of years. General Elections have been held in India for several times. It shows that the foundation of democracy here are stable. In comparison, in most of the neighbouring countries, like Pakistan, Bangladesh, sudden over throw of Governments have been witnessed. Army rule has been imposed in those countries and people enjoy less freedom as we do in India.

It is not mere holding of elections that is important, but people in India have developed mature judgements. When they found that a particular political party failed to represent their feelings, people of India have voted that party out. In 1977, the Congress (1) was defeated at the polls. Within two and half years, when the Indian people felt that the Janata Government was unable to deliver the good, they brought back Congress again. In the recent past, also many surprising political changes have been witness in the State elections. In Haryana and Punjab, the Congress was defeated at the elections. This is despite the fact that majority of the electorate is still not very highly educated. But by and large, people in India have developed mature judgement which is imperative for the success of democracy. The Indian electorate has once again votes the Congress out of power in the recent general elections. Very recently a new trend of governance has emerged in the sense that no political party could gain majority which resulted in the formation of coalition government continuously for two consecutive terms first by the NDA and second by of UPA.

It is a matter of serious concern that many drawbacks have crept into our democratic structure. Majority of the political leaders in our country have become corrupt and self-seeking. At times, one finds that democracy in our country is no longer the government of the people, for the people and by the people. It is only a handful self-secking leaders who are ruling the country without any regard to the public welfare which should be the important aspect of any democracy. Once elected, the ruling party forgets the voters and starts filling up their own coffers. This is certainly not healthy for the continuance of democracy. When we compare Indian democracy with that in England, we wonder at our public morality. The politicians here feel reluctant to leave their seats of power once voted by the people. For the success of democracy in our country what we require is clean public life of the politicians. The recent scandals about the Fairfax and Bofors have given a shock to the democratic setup in India. If the people of our country are vigilant only then there lies some hope for the future of democracy in India.

16. A Visit to a Historical Place (M.P. 2009)
“History makes a full man.”

-Nehru

There are many historical places in our country. Some of them are so important that people from foreign countries come to visit them. Mostly they are situated either in big cities. or near them. In almost all states of India, there are places of great historical importance. Such places have their value educationally also. Visits to such places give a novel angle of thinking apart from the pleasure of tour.

It was during Dashera holidays that our class decided to go on a visit to Agra where the most beautiful monument, the Tajmahal stands with all its grandeur and loveliness. Our teacher accompanied us in this tour. We made this long journey by train. At Agra, we hired a big hall for our stay.

After taking rest for a while, our teacher contacted a guide to lead us to the Taj. It was almost dusk, when we reached the spot. We saw the Tajmahal, an unequalled magnificent building situated on the bank of the sacred river ‘Yamuna’, surrounded by beautiful gardens and ponds. Its architecture was unique. The guide explained every historical detail to us.

The Tajmahal was built by the emperor Shahjahan in memory of his beloved empress Mumtaz Begum. It is so finely built with marble slabs that the joints are not visible. It appears as if everything is carved and engraved on an enormous marble stone. The beautiful scenes of the location enhance its magnificence. The guide showed us every corner of the building. We sat in the garden for a long time and enjoyed the glamour of the Taj.

Very soon night befell. It was a moonlight night. The silvery light of the moon spread all over and the whole environment was cool and soothing. The grandeur of the glorious monument was further enhanced by the moonlight. It actually demonstrated the soft and deep feelings of Shahjahan for Mumtaz Begum.

The next day we went to see some other places of historical importance situated nearby. The other day we went to Delhi and visited the Parliament House, India gate and Rastrapati Bhawan, In the end we went to Rajghat to pay our tribute to Late Rastrapita ‘Gandhiji’.

Finally we started on our return journey in a cheerful mood. All through out the journey we talked about ihe pleasant experiences that we bore in our minds. The splendour of the Taj had left a deep impression on our hearts. At last we reached home in a fresh and jolly mood.

I narrated the whole show to my parents and younger brothers and sisters who were equally happy to hear the same.

17. Communal Harmony

Amity between the commuities in the country and absence of any friction and tension among them is known as communal harmony. In countries like India, it is very important, being a precondition to internal peace, which is essential for progress and development of the country. As we know, India has got multiplicity of religions and very nature of the culture is composite. But religion has never been a source of conflict between the communities in Indian soceity. Mutual tolerance and high regards for other religions is an age-old tradition of the country. Still tha vested interest has always been active to create disharmony between them. There were, however not a single instance some years back where obstruction in religious performance has been a cause of communal riots. This phenomenon in the Indian context is politically motivated and has always been engineered by vested interests. It were there at the time of the foreign rule as well as in post-independence era.

Communal harinony as such is highly sensitive an issue and cannot be soft pedalled any more in view of our traditional values composite cultural heritage and secular character of out state. But the main problem is how to maintain communal harmony as administrative and social levels. There is lack of political consciousness among the common people due to literacy. Secondly antisocial and professional criminals have been playing a key role in communal riots and flare-ups as agents of vested interests and their hirelings. Finally, there is need of an effective mechanism to deal with it. Present mechanism is not so smooth. It lacks coordination and people’s involvement. The intelligence agencies reports in advance to the District and State authorities about the communal tension and the element actively associated with growing tension and potentials of disturbances etc. But generally no action is taken and authorities wait for the riots. It is only thereafter that police moves in for action and curfew is clamped to control the situation. During curfew arrests are made for violations.

For the last ten years Ram Janmbhoomi-Babari Masjid issue is a major root of commu al disharmony. Muslims and Hindus are face to face with each other on this issue. In the earlier the communal riots on this issue have taken many lives in Gujarat. Three bogies of a train in which Ramsevaks were returning from Ayodhya were burnt by a mob of 2000 Muslim fundamentalists at Godhara railway station. In which 58 persons were burnt alive. Suddenly in reaction of it, Hindus started burning the properties and men and women in different areas of Gujarat.

To begin with, therefore, the first things is to have a fresh look as it and amend our approach accordingly. Foremost in the process thus is resolute toil on the part of government to protect the foundation pillar of the Indian state. We must tackle the situation wisely.

With fresh approach to the problem fresh measures are also to taken to deal with it effectively. The measures would include suitable amendments in the existing applicable law, pertaining to apprehension of breach of peace and criminal conspiracy against the state and people of India. A new mechanism involving individuals and social organisation on different levels to watch vigil over the situation replacing existing local peace committees will have to be evolved to help the administrative machinery is taking preventive and follow-up action in cases of attempts and conspiracy of breach of communal harmony. This will lead our country to the path of glory.

18. Problem of Pollution in India
Or.
Pollution (Imp)

Science and industry have made human life easier, healthier and happier. But these have also brought about the problem of pollution. Today pollution has assumed so gigantic proportions that the very existence of human life is in jeopardy. If pollution continues to increse unchecked that day is not for when life would become difficult. Even beautiful buildings like Taj Mahal are facing the danger of losing their lustre because of the pollution in river Yamuna.

Pollution may be in water and air. The pollution of water is mainly caused by the flow of industrial, hospital waste and city sewage into the river and lakes. Surface water is full of all sorts of impurities. The discharge of industrial and other wastes into rivers and lakes has made water poisonous. It is causing incalculable harm to life on earth, Jaundice has become a very common disease today.

The pollution of air is no less dangerous. It is mainly caused by petrol and diesel that are used for driving vehicles, railway and other machines. Air pollution is also caused by the indiscriminate felling of trees. Overpopulation is another cause of air pollution. Big cities are especially prone to air pollution. The result of research, carried out in the United States of America, on air pollution are simply alarming. This research showed air pollution is imperceptibly causing changes in weather conditions and the earth is becoming cooler. The last ice age on the earth took place due to the fall in temperature by 4°C (Celsius). Who knows we are heading towards another ice age.

Another significant cause of pollution is nuclear fall out. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are burning examples of the danger of nuclear and atomic fall out. These cities are suffering from the cause of the fall out. Although atomic bombs were thrown over these cities more than forty five years back.

Although Govt. of India has taken measures to check air as well as water pollution, pollution can be checked if dependence on mechanization is lessened. Humanity and civilization can survive only if the problem of pollution is tackled successfully. Hence, no time must be lost in fighting pollution. Our Earth is the only inhabited planet. It is our duty to preserve it and its civilization.

19. Pollution : Need for Environmental Consciousness

The unsustainable life styles and consumption patterns of the industrialized countries have led to the worst environmental degradation. As far back as in 1992, Earth Summit at Rio de Janiero highlighting the fact adding that poverty is the main setback in controlling and reforming of the environmental pollution for the poor and developing countries. It called for a global partnership for environmental protection. Agenda 21 adopted Reo de Janiero addressed the pressing problems of the day with over 2500 recommendations for action in social and economic areas, such as combating povery, changing patterns of production and resumption conserving and managing natural resources, protecting our atmosphere, oceans and bio-diversity, preventing deforestation and protecting sustainable agriculture.

The major problems of the environment are recognised as global climatic change, ozone depletion, water and air pollutions deforestation, and resource, degradation. 23 billion tones of carbon dioxide is released in the air by burning fossil fuels causing greenhouse effect. The Greenhouse gases are mainly contributed industrialized nation. By the middle of 21st century, earth’s temperature at present level of heat emission would go up by one to three degree Celsius and the sea level would rise between 30 to 100 centimetres.

India has witnessed alarming environmental degradation in two decades. It is the sixth largest and the second fastest producers of Greenhouse gases. The key environmental pollutions related to industries in India are water pollution, soil erosion, ground contamina tion and deforestation. Indian rivers are also from high level pollution due to enormous municipal wastes, industrial effluents and agricultural run-off. According to expert findings, 70 per cent of India’s surface water is severely. As per government statement in 1992, 3/4 of the total waste water generation is due to the municipal waste which is one half of the total pollution load. Consequent to it, fresh water resources are depleting very fast and water-born diseases are on the increase that account for 2/3rd of the total illness in India.

Air pollution in India is the highest by vehicular sources to the extent of 64 per cent, by thermal power 16 per cent, by industry 13 per cent and by climatic sector 7 per cent. The average level of suspended particular matter, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Delhi is very high and these are included in the list of 10 metropolitans of the world in respect thereof. These cities have reached critical level while Kanpur, Nagpur and Ahmedabad are hitting the same. Chennai is found moderate.

In respect of land pollution, it is disposal of solid and toxic municipal and industrial wastes. The, per capita solid waste generation average in India is to the order of 360 to 400 gms per day. This waste counts for affliction of respiratory diseases.

In case of pollution control of environmental reform it is very important to note that a partnership of highly industrialized nations with the poverty sticken and developing countries is a must for sustainable development. It implies the help of the farmer to the latter which includes transfer of latest non-pollution technology. This has been the main stress in the Rio de Janiero declaration in June 1997. Earth plus five summit was held in New York to review the programme adopted in ‘Agenda 21′. The conference concluded that the targets were not achieved-annual emission of carbon dioxide, blamed for global warming, continued to rise, fresh water scarcity remained and depletion of forest cover was not being checked. In another conference held in a Japanese resort, Kyoto in December 1997, to check global warming participants agreed to meet binding target between 2008 and 2012.

The steps to control pollution in India include environmental clearance for major industrial activities based to impact assessment before site selection. Introduction of unloaded petrol, low-sulphur diesel and higher emission norms throughout the country in a phased manner is the second significant step. Beside this, efforts are to be intensified further to control pollution in 22 industries in various towns and cities that are critically polluted. The industries are to comply with such emission and effluent standards as may be notified in a time-bound manner.

20. The Menace of Corruption In India
(M.P. 2012)

Corruption is a deep-rooted menace that has entered into the vital of our society. There is hardly any sphere of social, economic, political and religious activity that is free from corruption of some kind. Corruption has become so common that most of the people have came to accept it as part of their life.

Bribery and corruption has increased greatly after 1947. The growth of democracy, the system of licences and permits for setting up enterprises, securing quotas of law materials, imports and exports and expansion of trade and commerce is responsible for the increase in corruption. Stringent laws against corruption have proved to be effective in curbing this evil.

Corruption flourishes as long as the people who are prepared to give bribe and others who are prepared to accept it directly or indirectly. Each one of us have weakness for easy money, people are prepared to do anything or sloop any entent of taking graft in order to maintain there so called standard. On the one hand they accept bribe and on the other they urge people to be honest and pure. Such hypocrisy compounds the offence.

It is not different to locate the causes of corruption. Corruption generally breeds at the top and then gradually filters down to the lower levels. Gone all the days when people who joined politics were fired by the spirit of serving the nation. Those who suffered for the sake of getting their country freed from the foreigners, knew only how to make sacrifice. They had never expected their compensation for their sacrifices. Those were the days when selfless people joined politics but unfortunately present politicians are self centered. When people in power indulge in unser unscrupulous practices, a common man also indulges freely.

Government after government have made promises to root out corruption from our public life but this evil has persisted of course there are honest officials but they are in minority. Let us a nation, contemplate seriously as to what will happen when our public life is loaded with corruption. A certain amount of introspection by those who are in power can only initiate the process of minimising the evil of corruption in our country. If the public in general is different, corruption on would not continue to grow as like, cancer.

21. Dowry : A Social Evil
(M.P. 2012)

The definition of dowry is very simple and significant. It is the money or valuablo things that bride brings to her husband at the time of marriage or gifts given by the brides. parents at her marriage.

India is the only country in the world where the pernicious dowry system exists. It is the most-vicious system that is eating into the vitals of the nation and hampers the growth and development of the Indian womanhood on the right lines.

The evil of the dowry system with the ever-increasing demands by greedy parents of well-to-do young boys from the parents of the hapless young girls has assumed such meaning proportions that the government has taken a very serious view of the whole matter and has made dowry giving and dowry taking a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment. Still day in and day out, we are horrified by the news of bride-burning. Young brides are burnt alive by mothers-in-law in connivance with other members of the family: sister-in-law, brother-in-law, even husbands for not bringing adequate dowry. These human sharks deserve the severest punishment, even extermination from society.

The evil of dowry system and bride-burning is a blot upon the Indian civilization and deserves the severest condemnation. Foreigners ridicule our callousness and inhuman cruelty towards women and fail to understand how we can call ourselves civilized when such an atrocious practice prevails in the Indian society.

How can the menace of dowry system be effectively checked? Social boycott and wide publicity of the offenders will go a long way in reducing the menace of dowry. Wom en’s organisations staging demonstrations against the guilty people shall be made more ef fective. Lastly, every dowry death must be properly probed and the offenders should be awarded exemplary punishment within six months of the occurrence of the death.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

My Mother Question Answer Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 3 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 3 My Mother Questions and Answers

My Mother Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

(a) The first word in each pair below is used in the text. The second is almost similar in sound but different in meaning- for example: Complement – My parents are complementary to each other. Compliment (generally in plural) Pay my compliments to your parents, Now give the meanings of the following pairs of words and use them in sentences as above:
Plain – plane/dissent – decent/quite – quiet/access – excess/accept – except
Answer:

Plain – a large area of level country – We live in plains,,
Plane – aeroplane – I usually travel by plane.
Dissent – disagree – Those who dissented with the organisation formed another part}’
Decent – fine – nice – Her dress is always decent.
Quite – His character is quite good
Quiet – He is cool and quiet by nature.
Access – approach – I have an easy access to the principles.
Excess – more than – Excess of anything is bad.
Accept – agree – Accept my hearty congratulations. please.
Except – to leave out – All except Mohan were present.

(b) Many words are the same in noun and verb forms:

Cook (verb) – Mother is cooking food in the kitchen.
Cook (noun) — Our cook has not come today.
Now use the following words as above:
answer. change, love, display, ripple, glance. produce. face. groan. knock, smile
Answer (verb) — I answered all the questions.
Answer (noun) — The teacher was pleased with my answer.
Change (verb) — I have changed my ways.
Change (noun) — My mother does not like to bring an change in her life style.
Love (verb) — All the teachers love Aakash.
Love (noun) — I have great love for my country.
Display (verb) — Several items were displayed in the exhibition.
Display (noun) — 1 made a display of my art.
Ripple (verb) — Water rippled on the floor.
Ripple (noun) — There were ripples of water.
Glance (verb) — I glanced at him with a smiling face.
Glance (noun) — He gave a quick glance at me.
Produce (verb) — The factory produces several articles
Produce (noun)— The produce of the land is not good.
Face (verb) — I have faced many difficult situations in my life.
Face (noun) — The baby’s face is cute,
Groan (verb) — The patient is groaning.
Groan (noun) — The groan of the patient awakened me.
Knock (verb) — Someone knocked at the door.
Knock (noun) — He gave a massive knock at the door.
Smile (verb) — The child is smiling sweetly.
Smile (noun) — He made everyone happy with his sweet smile

(c) Given below are some compound adjectives. Write them with their definitions. Match the words with their meanings.
MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 3 My Mother 1
Answer:

someone ho gets angry very easily short tempered.
a very tolerant person broad — minded.
an intolerant person narrow — minded.
a person with a pleasant generous character good — natured.
a person treated with special favour blue — eyed.
a person who is confused muddle — headed.
someone who is willing to listen open — minded.
It belief s difficult to change deep — rooted.
someone ho does not behave well or politely ill — natured.
someone,something not modern old — fashioned.
someone full) of strength and energy red—blooded.
a person who does not easily get upset b criticism thick — skinned.

Now use the adjectives in sentences of your own.
Use the above adjectives in sentences

shorttem Pered: No one likes a short-tempered person
broad-minded: My uncle is a broad—minded person
blue-eyed: He is the principal’s blue eyed student.
good natured: My mother is a good—natured lady
narrow minded: We should keep a distance with narrow— minded people.
muddleheaded: I am totally muddle—headed.
open-minded; Every one loves and respect an open—minded person
deep-rooted: I can’t change the deep—rooted beliefs within me
ill-natured: An ill—natured man can do nothing good to anyone.
old-fashioned: My parents are old—fashioned about marriages.
red.blooded: Alway is a red—blood boy.
thick-skinned: M lather is a thick—skinned man

(A) Comprehension

(a) In temperament and outlook the writer’s parents were:
(i) similar
(ii) reverse
(iii) almost common
(iv) almost opposite.
Answer:
(ii) reverse

(b) How does the author describe his mother’s chin?
(i) as being attractive
(ii) as being repulsive
(iii) as being regular and prominent
(iv) as being proportionate to the upper part
Answer:
(iv) as being proportionate to the upper part

(c) The author’s mother was intolerant of demonstrativeness
(i) more than his father was
(ii) as much as his father was
(iii) as much as the writer was
(iv) not even in the least.
Answer:
(iv) not even in the least.

(d) The writer’s mother was
(i) like all Indian mothers
(ii) like a few Indian mothers
(iii) like most Indian mothers
(iv) unlike Indian mothers.
Answer:
(ii) like a few Indian mothers

(e) ‘Bad manners’, according to the sihor’s mother, were
(i) acceptable in children
(ii) against social behaviour and charity
(iii) tolerable to some extent
(iv) not acceptable in high society.
Answer:
(ii) against social behaviour and charity

(B) Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
In what way were the parents of the writer complement of each other?
Answer:
If one chooses to say the same thing in a different way, they were the complement of each other.

Question 2.
Which simile does the writer use for the ripping face of his mother?
Answer:
As responsive as?

Question 3.
Where were the two deep wrinkles formed in his mother’s face?
Answer:
There were the two deep wrinkles between her eyebrows.

Question 4.
What produced the wrinkles on her forehead?
Answer:
The frequent fits of introspective brooding into which she fell produced the wrinkles on her forehead.

Question 5.
How does the author describe his mother’s eyes and nose?
Answer:
As the author describes, his mother’s eyes were large and liquid and her nose was very regular and prominent.

Question 6.
What was the mother’s concept of ‘good manners’?
Answer:
Good manners were a matter of fundamental decencies and not of external polish.

Question 1.
In what way were the parents of the writer reverse of each other?
Answer:
The writer’s mother was completely reverse to his father. Appearance, temperament and outlook-nothing was similar to that of each other. While the mother was slight and fragile, father was robust. Mother’s face was responsive whereas the father’s was impassive. Mother was more intolerant of demonstrativeness than father.

Question 2.
Describe the author’s mother’s face in your own words?
Answer:
As the writer says his mother’s appearance was not at all good and impressive. She had two deep vertical wrinkles between her eyebrows. Her forehead was very well-shaped without being high. Her face was oval and broad. Her eyes were large and nose was very regular and prominent.

Question 3.
How will an average Indian mother react to an accident with her child?
Answer:
An average Indian mother will react very quickly to an accident with her child. She would be very panicky. If a one year old baby falls down from, a height, the mother would give a hideous scream and begin to knock her head on the floor by way of mourning assuming that the child was already dead.

Question 4.
How did the writer’s mother react to a mishap with him?
Answer:
The writer’s mother had the capacity to restrain herself soon even if an accident happened with her child. Even in her worst panic she never went any where for help.

Question 5.
What faults of character did the mother dislike?
Answer:
The mother often disliked the faults of character like falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage.

Question 6.
What is meant by expression ‘a sharp and biting tongue’? How did author’s mother react to his sharp and biting tongue?
Answer:
‘A sharp and biting tongue’ means talking in an ill-mannered. It was against the code of social behaviour and charity also. The mother never allowed her children to be ill-mannered. She thought it to be a way of under dog.

(D) Answer ,the following questions in about 150 words:

Question 1.
Narrate in short the physical features of the writer’s mother.
Answer:
The writer explains the physical features of his mother in detail. The mother was not very handsome. She was slight and fragile with a responsive face. She had two wrinkles between her eyebrows. Her forehead was very well-shaped. It was not very high. Her face was oval. It was broad in its upper half but very quickly receding and tapering in the lower. She had large eyes Her nose was very regular and prominent. She had well cut lips which tended towards fullness in the lower one. Her chin was remarkable for being neatly shaped but not weighty enough for-the upper part. On the whole, the writer says, mother’s features reflected an impression of unsleeping alertness and in exhaustible animation.

Question 2.
How were the appearances of the mother deceptive?
Answer:
The mother’s appearance was deceptive. The first place she had two deep vertical wrinkles between her eyes which was normally believed to be a sign of a bent for thought. But the mother was not intellectual. But she was argumentative and devastatingly logical. She always appeared to be in a thoughtful mood. Secondly, her face never indicated the immense strength of her moral conviction. No one could ever guess from her face that she was almost fanatic over the questions of right and wrong. She was always intolerant of demonstrativeness but she was never too much emotional. Still she had motherly instinct and controlled the situation at her own.

Question 3.
Prove by giving an example how the mother hated tacit acceptance of advantage?
Answer:
The mother’s character has been dealt with all minute details. Mother was very strict in dealing with her children. She never liked false hood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage. The writer gives instance from his life experience. He says if mother asked them to take a portion after dividing a sweet or some other dish, they always requested her to give them the piece herself. It was because, the writer says, if by any chance one of them took a piece thinking to be bigger, mother would look at him with a meaning smile or at times even angry contempt.

Question 4.
Write a short essay on ‘Good Manners’?
Answer:
Good manners make a man complete. They are very essential for human civilization. Without good manners, man is like a purse without money though it is very attractive from outside. They are the outcome of good breeding.A person who has been brought up in a good environment must have good manners. You may call them flowers of mankind’s garden.

One should be sympathetic towards weak and old. We should speak gently. Even if any one is harsh to us, we should not use harsh words at all costs. We should give up evil thoughts for all time to come. Harshness is a sign of smallness and shallowness. It makes a man unpopular.

We should be humble and polite. Politeness costs nothing. It can win us many friends. Sweet words are essential for success in life. We should neither brag or boast. We should be obedient to our parents and teachers. We should be industrious. We should be ready to help the needy. We should show courtesy to everyone. We should talk as much as is necessary. Thus, good manners are very important for the all round development.

Question 5.
Give a general impression of the writer’s mother as you gather from the lesson?
Answer:
The writer’s mother was a unique character. She Was a complete contrast from her husband. She differed with him in appearance, temperament and outlook. Her face was responsive .while that of the father was impassive. She was not at all handsome. Her face had some remarkable features which gave an impression of unsleeping alertness and inexhaustible animation. Nobody had ever called such a face as a face of simple and honest goodness.

She was intolerant of demonstrativeness but she had known how to control one’s emotion. She was never so panicky as usually as average Indian mother became. She never looked falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She always condemned vice and despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage. She never liked bad manners. She had disciplined her children perfectly.

Question 6.
Point out the likes and dislikes of Nirad C. Choudhury, as they emerge from the text.
Answer:
Nirad C. Choudhury was a prolific writer. The autobiography of ‘An Unknown India’ was his first English work. ‘My Mother’ is an excerpt from this famous autobiography. He, here, gives a pen-portrait about his mother. In the meantime he also gives some information about his likes and dislikes. He likes to be cared with motherly emotion. He also likes mother’s love. Though he loves his mother, he does not like the business like attendance on children in sickness by his mother. He likes his mother is strong character and strict discipline. But he does not like so much strictness at every step. He wants some liberality in his behaviour. He doesn’t like many traits of his mother still he loves her for she had given him a strong character and perfection of life.

Grammar

(i) Learning Modals
Look at the underlined portions in the following sentences from the text:
(a) No one could have inferred from her face that she was capable of such fanaticism.
(b) Being a high strung woman, she was capable of turning panicky.
(c) Yet we could not always chasten ourselves to take the most patently superior piece.
(d) The fault which my mother emphasized was the manners of behaving in a fashion which might wound the susceptibilities of those who had come to our house in friendliness.In the above sentences, “could” and “might” are not auxiliaries of tense. They are modals, which express certain modals of verb attached with them. In these sentences the phrase ‘was capable’ of shows a modality of ‘could’.

Modalities expressed by can, could, may, might, are given below:

Can:

(a) ability, capacity, power
Example: I can fly a kite now.
A manager can hire and fire his subordinates.

(b) permission to the subject.
She can now begin her work.

Could:

(a) past ability, capacity, power, not existing now’
I could speak French when I was in France.

(b) permission in the past with suggestion of charged condition.
He could order anybody when he was a collector.

May:

(a) seeking permission (through interrogative sentence)
May I attend your lecture?

(b) future possibility
The things may go wrong as you are not cautious about your business.

(d) expressing purpose (with conduction ‘so that’ with verb in the present tense. With a past tense verb in the principal clause, ‘may’ in the subordinate clause is replaced by ‘might’. She always takes precaution so that her boss may not chide her.

Might:

(a) doubtful possibility (may be or may not be) refers to present possibility.
He might be a foreigner, I believe.

(b) non-fulfillment of a possibility in the past (use might have +- verb past participle)
I might have became a millionnaire, if I had won the lottery.

Given below are sentences with can, could, may and might. Find the modality expressed in each case and write it in your notebook.
1. He could fly an aeroplane when be was young.
2. I cannot speak Marathi fluently.
3. Take a shorter route so that we may be in time.
4. May you have a happy journey!
5. It is chilling cold, you may catch cold.
6. Look! She might be your friend Rita.
7. The patient might have collapsed. Thank God, he survived the operation.
8. You can have all my books. Now 1 don’t need them.
9. Can he be such a liar! I don’t believe.
10. I could have passed the exam.
Answer:

Past ability, not existing now.
Expressing impossibility.
Future possibility,
Expressing goodwill, blessing
Future possibility
Doubtful possibility.
Expressing goodwill, blessing
Permission to the subject
Expressing disbelief
Unreal past (non-fulfillment of an action).

Given below are some idiomatic expressions with their meanings. Learn their meanings and use them in sentences of your own. (The first one is from the text of the lesson).
1. wearing one’s heart on one’s sleeve-making known one’s feelings easily.
2. to have no heart-to have no capacity for feeling emotions
3. to take heart-to have courage or enthusiasm
4. change of heart-change of attitude towards something miking more friendly
5. heart of the matter-essence, innermost part of something
6. at heart-in one’s innermost feeling
7. to,break a person’s heart-overwhelm a person with sorrow
8. by heart-from memory
9. give one’s heart to/lose one’s heart to-to fall in love
10. not to have the heart to-to be insensitive
11. take to heart-be much affected by
12. to one’s heart’s content-as much as one wishes to have
13. with all one’s heart-sincerely, with all goodwill
14. heart-to heart-intimate conversation etc
15. after one’s own heart-according to one’s desire or feeling
16. heart burning-jealousy.
Answer:

It is not a good sing to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve.
He had no heart to console the death of his friend’s mother.
Netaji took heart to challenge the great British Empire.
A sudden change of heart transformed the situation.
Tire heart of the matter is that today everything has turned to be a business
My mother is a high devotional at heart.
The student broke a teacher’s heart with bad performance.
I learnt my by heart
Don’t lose your heart to an undeserving person.
I have always suggested him not to have the heart to anyone.
I was .taken to heart by my neighbour.
Every one wants his son to be achieve the height of success of his heart’s content.
I have prepared for this exam with all my heart.
Vajpayee held a heart to heart discussion with Mussaraf.
One can get success after one’s own heart by working hard.
My rise has always been a cause of heart burning for my neighbour.

Speaking Activity

Question 1.
Face is not the index of man. One may be high strung and following in the face but the heart may be full of milk of human kindness. The other may have captivating looks but there might be a sting behind them.

Divide the class in 5 groups and ask them to deliberate over the statement. Then the leader of each group will share the conclusions arrived at by his group with the class. Finally the teacher will conclude, the discussion.
Answer:
to be discussed at the class level.

Question 2.
Discuss the usefulness of good manners with h friend of yours and write out the conclusions;
Answer:
Good manners are the features that make one popular in society. If one applies them with a friend one will make a strong friendship. The friend will always stand with him at even step even in the bad days. He always proves a friend in need is a friend indeed Such a friendship will help each other solving any difficult situation with sincere cooperation Good manners can win friends and help one achieve all success.

Writing Activity

Question 1.
You are a student at Govt. Higher Secondary School, Narsinghpur and are living in the school’s hostel. your mother had given you a lot of advice regarding your behaviour with the inmates before you left for joining the school.Write down all the points of importance as guidelines for your class-mates.
Answer:
I am a student Govt Higher Secondary School. Narsinghpuri live in the schools hostel It joined this school just a few months ago. Today I am very popular among my classmates and other school children. I know the secret of this popularity when I was join this school, my mother gave me some advice I still remember them and work accordingly. Some of these, advices are

I Always behave politely
Don’t speak roughly
Help your friends
Regard your seniors
Love your juniors
Treat your teachers like your father
Study sincerely
Be regular and punctual
Follow the school routine strictly
Always be neat and clean.

Think It Over

Ponder over the following and write down some points on each topic and share with your class.
1. An incident which shows your mother’s kind nature.
2. Your duty towards your mother
3. Things you would like to improve in your nature for her sake
Answer:
For self attempt . The lesson is an extract from the writer’s autobiography, published in 1951 under the title “The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian.” An autobiography is the story of a person’s life written by himself. It results from the writer’s pondering over his own ‘selfs, his thoughts and actions, his achievements and failings, in a word, his inner life as well as ‘ his public career.

Match the writer given under (A) with his/her autobiography given under(B)

A	B
Jean Jacques Rousseau Kamla Das Mahatma Gandhi A.P.J. Kalam Jawaharlal Nehru Maulana Abul Kalam Azad	My Experiments With Truth Autobiography India Wins Freedom Confession My Story Wings of Fire

Answer:

A	B
Jean Jacques Rousseasu Kamla Das Mahatma Gandhi A.P.J. Kalam Jawaharlal Nehru Maulana Abul Kalam Azad	Confessions My Story My Experiment With Truth Wings of Fire Autobiography India Wins Freedom

My Mother Summary in English

‘My mother” is an excerpt from the autobiography of Nirad C, Chaudhuri, Here he lays stress on the distinctive feature and convictions of his mother who is unlike average Indian mothers. She is in no way a suitable match for his father for being a complete contrast to appearance, temperament and outlook. On the one hand, mother is slight and fragile, on the other, father is robust. Similarly, mother’s face is as responsive as his father’s is impassive She is always vivid and highstrung. Her face appears to be thoughtful which she is not at all.

She is not handsome. Her forehead is well-shaped. Her face is oval and board. Her eyes are large and nose very’ regular and prominent, lips well-cut. Her chin is remarkable for being neatly shaped but not weighty enough for the upper part. On the whole, her features give an impression of unsleeping alertness and in exhaustible animation. Her appearance is always deceptive because it doesn’t show what she is. Her moral convictions are very strong.

She is almost fanatic over the questions of right and wrong. She is intolerant of demonstrativeness. She hardly conceals her emotions. She gets excited very soon. But she has the capacity unlike an average Indian mother to control herself with out being panicky. The luxury of self-pitys well as sympathy is severely at control in her house.

She doesn’t like the faults of character like-falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness. She condemn vice and despises the tacit acceptance of an advantage. The writer cities two examples to clarify it. He says if mother puts pieces of sweet before them, they would always ask her to give the piece to them by herself. It was because if anyone takes the bigger piece she would always be angry. The other instance of the writer’s hostel. In the hostel the boarders living nearer to the dining hall at the advantage of getting their meal earlier for the dining-hall was not large. The students living upstairs used to come down silently taking their shoes in hand in order to get their chance earlier silently. The writer says that it was the strict guidance of his mother that never allow him to take such advantage. He says that he always felt that wait for one’s turn was always justified.

The other thing that the writer has learned from his mother is that good manners are always a matter of fundamental decency and not of external polish. The children in his house never whispered or laughed in the presence of visitors. If anyone did it innocently even then he was severely dealt with after ward’s. Bad manners for her were a sin not merely against a code of social behaviour but against charily’. The writer concludes that his mother has always been a guiding force in his life.

My Mother Summary in Hindi

‘My Mother’ नीरद सी. चौधरी की जीवनी का एक अंश है। यहां वे अपनी माँ, जो सामान्य भारतीय माताओं से भिन्न है, की विशेषताओं और मान्यताओं का उल्लेख करते हैं। वह किसी भी तरह उसके पिता के लिए सटीक जोड़ा नहीं है क्योंकि हाव-भाव, मनोदशा एवं बाहरी दिखाया में वह उनके बिल्कुल विपरीत है। एकतरफ माँ बिल्कुल दुबली-पतली है, तो दूसरी ओर पिता काफी हट्टे-कट्टे हैं। उसी तरह माँ का चेहरा आतुर जैसा दिखता है, वहीं पिता का चेहरा बिल्कुल भावशून्य। यह हमेशा क्रियाशील एवं भावावेग में रहती है। उसका चेहरा हमेशा विचारमग्न लगता है जबकि वह ऐसा बिल्कुल ही नहीं है। ”

वह सुन्दर नहीं है। उसके ललाट सुगढ़ हैं। उसका चेहरा अंडाकार और चौड़ा है। उसकी आँखें बड़ी हैं और नाक बहुत ही उभरी हुई है। उसके ओठ अच्छे हैं। इसकी ठुड्डी अच्छी बनावट और. ज्यादा भारी न होने के कारण उल्लेखनीय है। कुल मिलाकर उसकी विशेषताएं एक ठनिंद चेतना और अथक जीवन का आभास देती हैं। उसके हाव-भाव हमेशा ही छलावायुक्त लगता है, क्योंकि यह वैसा नहीं दिखाता जैसी वह वास्तव में है। उसकी नैतिक बाध्यताएं काफी मजबूत है। सही और गलत के मुद्दे पर वह बिल्कुल कट्टर है। बाहरी दिखावा उसे बिल्कुल पसंद नहीं है। वह अपनी भावनाओं को मुश्किल से छिपा पाती है। वह शीघ्र ही उत्तेजित हो जाती है। लेकिन एक सामान्य भारतीय माँ के विपरीत उसमें अपने आप को बिना आतंक महसूस किए नियंत्रित करने की क्षमता है। निरीहता और सहानुभूति का सुख उसके घर में बिल्कुल नियंत्रित है।

वह झूठ, बेईमानी, नैतिक गिरावट तथा ओछापन जैसे चारित्रिक दुर्बलताओं को पसंद नहीं करती। वह दुष्टता को धिक्कारती है और अवसर का गलत उपयोग या फायदा उठाने का विरोध करती है। लेखक इसे स्पष्ट करने के लिए दो उदाहरण देता है। वह कहता है कि यदि माँ मिठाई के टुकड़े उनके सामने रखती है, तो वे उसे न उठाकर माँ से देने का अनुरोध करते हैं। ऐसा वे इसलिए करते है क्योंकि अगर कोई मिठाई का बड़ा टुकड़ा खुद ले लिया तो माँ नाराज हो जाएगी। दूसरा उदाहरण लेखक के छात्रावास के बारे में है। छात्रावास में भोजन-कक्ष के साथ रहने वाले छात्रों को यह सुविधा थी कि उन्हें भोजन जल्दी मिल जाता था क्योंकि भोजन-कक्ष बहुत बड़ा नहीं था। ऊपरी मंजिल पर रहने वाले छात्र अपने जूतं हाथ में लेकर चुपचाप नीचे आ जाते थे जिससे उन्हें भोजन जल्दी मिल जाए। लेखक कहता है कि यह उसकी माँ का सख्त निर्देश था जिसने उसे ऐसा फायदा उठाने की आज्ञा नहीं दी। वह कहता है कि उसे हमेशा महसूस हुआ कि अपनी बारी का इंतजार करना हमेशा न्यायसंगत होता है।

दूसरी चीज जो लेखक अपनी माँ से सीखा वह है कि अच्छा आचरण हमेशा मौलिक शालीनता है न कि बाहरी दिखावा। उसके घर के बच्चे कभी भी किसी अतिथि के सामने आपस में न कानाफूसी किए और न ही हँसे। यदि किसी ने अनजाने में भी ऐसा किया तो उसके साथ बाद में सख्त व्यवहार होता था। उसके (माँ) लिए बुरा आचरण एक पाप की तरह था जो न केवल सामाजिक आचरण के खिलाफ था बल्कि उदारता के भी विपरीत था। लेखक निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि उसकी माँ उसके पूरे जीवन में एक मार्गदर्शक की तरह रही।

My Mother Word Meaning

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 3 My Mother 2

My Mother Comprehension

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

1. My father and mother were bound to each other by certain common principles and standard of conduct, but otherwise, in appearance, temperament, and outlook, they were the reverse or, if one chooses to say the same thing in a different of each other. My mother was as slight and fragile as my father was robust, while her face was as responsive as my father’s was impassive.

Questions:

(i) Who is the narrator in these lines?
(ii) How was the narrator’s father bound to his mother?
(iii) Why does the narrator find his mother not a suitable
match for his father?
(iv) What does the face of the father a contrast to that of the mother?
(v) Give a word similar in meaning to the expression ‘lean and thin’?
Answers:
(i) The writer is the narrator of these lines.
(ii) The narrator s father was hound to the mother by certain common principles and standard of conduct.
(iii) The narrator finds his mother not a suitable match for his father because she is a complete contrast in appearance. temperament and outlook of the father.
(iv) The mothers face was responsive while the father’s was impassive.
(v) ‘slight and fragil

2. But here again the appearances were deceptive, for her face did not show. hardly indicated even, the immense strength of her mpral convictions. No one could have inferred from her face that she was capable of such fanaticism as she showed over questions of right and wrong. Even more than my father was she intolerant of demonstrativeness and the wearing of one’s heart on one’s sleeve.’

Questions:
(i) Whose face is deceptive?
(ii) Why does the writer say her face deceptive.
(iii) What fanaticism does the writer refer to here?
(iv) Find a word opposite in meaning to ‘liberallcm’?
Answers:
(i) The mother face is deceptive.
(ii) The writer calls the face deceptive because it does not show what she really is.
(iii) Fanaticism here refers to the strictness of mother towards the questions of might and wrong.
(iv) ‘Fanaticism.

3. The faults of character she disliked most were falsehood, dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness.
A liar, a cheat, a coward, and a personith the tiny heart of a minnow” as she put it were the most contemptuous epithet we heard From her mouth. Not only did she condemn vice, she almost equally despised the tacit acceptance of an advantage.

Questions:
(i) What faults of character did the mother not like?
(ii) Whose heart is as tiny as that of a minnow?
(iii) hat did She condemn and despise?
(iv) Pick out words from the above stanza which are opposite in meaning in
(a) brave
(b) huge
(c) virtue
Answers:
(j) The mother did not like falsehood. dishonesty, moral cowardice and meanness.
(ii) The heart of a liar, a cheat and a board is as tiny as that of a minnow.
(iii) She condemned vice and she despised the tacit acceptance of an adantage.
(iv)
(a) coward
(b) tins
(c) vice

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

Profit and Loss Question Answer Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 20 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English A Voyage Chapter 20 Profit and Loss Questions and Answers

Profit and Loss Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
Keeping the text in mind, write ten sentences using the following words to describer-the mental state of Ramsunder Mitra: despodeinf, hagglung, dowry, subterfuge, extortionate, looked down upon, mutely implored, wailed at, impasse.
Answer:
Ramsunder Mitra Was a victim of extortionate case.of down with a great haggling he could Search a groom for his daughter. He implored to the Raybahadur who refused to allow his son to marry without taking the full money of dowry. However’ the marriage performed But he was looked down upon by his daughter ‘s-in-laws. His daughter tolerated all misbehaviour mutely. Ramsunder Mitra was despondent. He wailed at the condition of his daughter. But it proved to be an impasse. It was a subterfuge of Nirupama’s-in-laws.

Question 2.
Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words given below. (Use the words in their correct form)
vicious, indiginity, malice, resort to, diminish, gloomy, trembling, forbid, condemn
1. The assaults of the boss were ………… upon Rajesh.
2. He sat at the window in a sad and ………… mood.
3. He had ………… towards none.
4. The law ………… smoking at public places.
5. The size of a candle ………… as the flame bums.
6. The old man could hardly hold the stick in his ………… hands.
7. He was over-burdened with liabilities. He had to ………… borrowing money.
8. Everyone ………… the meanness of Amar.
9. Rajesh was treated with ………… by his colleagues.
Answer:

vicious
gloomy
malice
forbids
diminishes
trembling
resort to
condemned
indignity

Question 3.
Idioms, Proverbs and phrasal verbs:
A. An idiom is an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically and which cannot be understood from the meanings of the individual words that comprise the idiom. Here are a few examples of idioms.

Crocodile tears: It means an insincere show of sympathy or I sadness; crocodiles were once thought to ‘ weep’ large tears before they are their victims.
To break the ice: It means to be the first one to say or do l something, with the hope that others will follow.
Kick the bucket: It means ‘to die’. Its meaning cannot be deduced from knowing the meanings of kick and the bucket.

B. An idiom must be distinguished from a proverb. Proverbs are old but familiar sayings that usually give advice. Here are a few examples of proverbs:

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing;

Idioms and phrases are conditioned the culture of the country where the particular language is spoken. For example, in Hindi we have a proverb “आम के आम गुठलियों के दाम” such a proverb could not be coined in English where mangoes are not produced. In the same way “break the ice” is a typical idiom of cold countries, and such an idiom could not have been coined in Hindi speaking belt.

C. A phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition or adverb, which creates a meaning different from the original verb. Here are a few examples of phrasal verbs:

pickup
put down
turn on.

(A) Now, explaining the meanings of the following idioms that occur in his story.

(a) Let (something) slip from one’s fingers.
(b) (bring) bad luck on (somebody)
(c) at length
(d) out of the question
(e) to set one’s heart on (something)
(f) go to great length!
(g) a bed of nails
(h) at all
Answer:
(a) let (something) slip from one’s finger – to lose something.
(b) (bring) bad luck on (somebody) – to cause unfavourable situation for someone.
(c) at length – distant
(d) out of the question – impossible
(e) to set one’s heart on (something) – to decide
(f) go to great lengths – to keep distance
(g) a bed of nails – troublesome
(h) at all-completely

(B) The following phrasal verbs also occur in this story. Learn these meaning and use them in a sentence of your own:

1. turn up
2. break off
3. hold (somebody or something) back
4. look down on (upon) somebody
5. resort to
6. find out
7. flare up
8. let (somebody) down
9. set off
10. brood over (something)
11. put on (something)
Answer:

turn up – He has not turned up yet.
break off He decided to break off all relation with me..
hold back I don’t intend to hold back this project.
look down on (upon) somebody – We should not look down on (upon)anyone.
resort to – For having no job at last he had to resent to start a business.
find out – l am trying to find out the real cause of the problem.
flare up – The father was flared up by the son’s report card.
let (somebody) down Don’t let down your friends.
set off – He has just set off for aboard.
brood over (something) – He was always brooding over his past days.
put on (something) – The child put on his school uniform.

Comprehension

(A) Here is provided the summary of the story, “Profit and Loss” but the sequence of the sentences has been disturbed. Put the sentences in their logical order.
1. Nirupama was the only daughter of her parents.
2. Even the servants looked down on him.
3. When Ramsundar’s sons came to know that he was selling the house to pay the dowry they protested.
4. Ramsundar had no respect in his son-in-law’s house.
5. Njrupama was taken seriously ill.
6. The impasse was resolved when the groom rebelled against his father.
7. A dowry of 10,000 rupees had been asked by the bridegroom’s family.
8. Ramsundar fell on the feet of Raybahadur.
9. Ramsundar often went to see his daughter at Raybahadur’s place.
10. The groom said, “I came here to marry and marry I shall.”
11. When reports of ill-treatment of his daughter came to Ramsundar, he decided to sell off his house.
12. Ramsundar could not bring his daughter home as he had not paid , the dowry agreed upon.
13. Nirupama asked her father not to come to her in-laws house to take home.
14. In the end’. Nirupama took offence and stopped sending messages to his father.
15. Raybahadur decided to take back the marriage-party without marriage.
16. Nirupama was treated very shabbily in her father-in-law’s house.
17. One day Nirupama asked her father to take her home.
18. Nirupama sent one after other message’s to her father, he should take her home.
19. Ramsunder dared not ask Nirupama’s father-in-law to send her home.
20. Ramsundar’s sons were unhappy when he sold the house.
21. Raybahadur’s wife Informed her son that another girl had been selected for his marriage.
22. Nirupama asked he/father to give not even a paisa to her father-in-law.
23. When she died, Raybahadur spent much money on her funeral rites.
24. This time, the dowry was twenty thousand rupees in cash.
Answer:
The sequence of the sentences can be set in the following order:

Nirupama was the only daughter of her parents.
A dowry of 10,000 rupees had been asked by the bridegroom’s family.
Raybahadur decided to take back the marriage-party without marriage.
Ramsundar fell on the feet of Raybahadur.
The impasse was resolved when the groom rebelled against his father.
The groom said, “I came her to marry and marry I shall.’5
Ramsundar often went to see his daughter at Raybahadur’s place.
Ramsundar had no respect in his son-in-law’s house.
Even the servants looked down on him.
Nirupama was treated very shabbily in her father-in-law’s house
When reports of ill-treatment of his daughter came to Ramsundar, he decided to sell off his house.
One day Nirupama asked her father to take her home.
Ramsunder dared not ask Nirupama’s father-in-law to send her home.
Ramsundar could not bring his daughter home as he had not paid the dowry agreed upon.
When Ramsundar’s sons came to know that he was selling the house to pay the dowry they protested.
Ramsundar’s sons were unhappy when he sold the house.
Nirupama sent one after other message’s to her father, he should take her home.
Nirupama asked her father to give not even a paisa to her father- in-law.
Nirupama asked her father riot to come to her in-laws house to take her home.
In the end, Nirupama took offence and stopped sending messages to his father.
Nirupama was taken seriously ill.
When she died, Raybahadur spent much money on her funeral 4 rites.
Raybahadur’s wife informed her son that another girl had been ‘ asked for his marriage.
This time, the dowry was twenty thousand rupees in cash.

(B) Answer the following questions in about 200-250 words:

Question 1.
Suppose you are Ramsundar. Rewrite, the story ‘Profit and Loss’ from your point of view. Began like this…when a daughter ; was born, I named her Nirupama…
Answer:
When a daughter was born, I named her Nirupama, she was peerless in every sense. She was born after five sons. When she came of age, I began searching a suitable groom for her. But it was a hard task to manage. However, I could find the only son of a grand Raybahadur. Though his ancestral wealth had diminished, but the family was noble. They agreed upon a dowry of Rs. 10,000 along with many additional gifts. I agreed but by ill-luck I could not manage till the time of marriage.

Still I was talking Rs, 6000-7000. On the wedding day Raybahadur refused to allow his son for marriage until the entire amount was paid. I made all requests and pleas but in vain. It was good sense that prevailed upon Raybahadur’s son who protested his father and married my daughter. After the marriage when I visited my son-in-law’s house. I met with a very awkward situation. No 5 attention was paid to me. I was allowed to meet my daughter only for a few minutes’, I came back dejectedly. I decided to arrange the rest amount of ; dowry by selling my house. But my sons protested it.

However I began taking loans at high interest rates. As the amount was not full, it was not accepted and I was treated badly. My daughter was facing spiteful behaviour , at every turn. Again my made efforts etc bring her home but failed. Nirupama asked me to take her home only for once. But I didn’t dare. Later I sold my house secretly. My sons came to know and became angry. Nirupama also knew it and she asked me not to give any money to her in-laws, not to visit her again.

Then I came to know that she left food and became seriously ill. As a result she died. Her funeral was arranged with great pomp and show. Raybahadur’s generocity was talked much. After that they searched another bride for their son, who was a deputy magistrate. This time the dowry was twenty thousand hard cash.

Question 2.
Write a character-sketch of Ramsundar highlighting the . following points:
(a) his poverty;
(b) his love for his daughter;
(c) his attempts to provide dowry for his daughter and the failure in his attempts;
(d) his reception at the place of his daughter’s parents-in-laws;
(e) the attitude of his sons towards him.
Answer:
Ramsundar is the central character of the story ‘Profit and Loss’. He represents a man from typical Indian background. He belongs to a poor middle class family. He had five sons and a daughter. As the daughter was the youngest one after the five sons he loved her very much. He wanted to marry her to the most suitable groom. He went on searching for it. But he had to face the problem of dowry.

Finally he got the only son of renowned Raybahadur. Though the demand was Rs. 10,000 along with many additional gifts, he finalised the deal. But in no way he could raise all the money. Even after pawning, selling and using every method he could not manage the entire sum. Still he needed six-seven thousand rupees.

On the wedding day Raybahadur refused to allow his son to marry without getting the entire amount. Ramsundar fell on his knees before the Raybahadur, he implored him not to bring bad luck by breaking of the ceremony, insisted he would pay him in full. But Raybahadur was adamant.

Ramsundar was very miserable. However the marriage was performed with the support of groom’s good sense and youthful spirit.After the marriage when Ramsundar went to meet her daughter, he was treated badly. He had no honour at all his son-in-law’s house. Even the servants neglected him. Sometimes he saw his daughter just for five minutes in a separate outer room of the house.

Sometimes ht was not allowed to see her at all.It was unbearable for him. So he decided to manage the rest amount by selling his house. But his sons didn’t support him. Day by day, Nirupama’s tale of woes was growing. She had to bear the burnt of her in-laws’ spiteful behaviour Ramsundar finally sold his house secretly. When Nirupama knew it, she asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. After that she didn’t send any massage to Ramsundar. Finally he died of illness, starvation and pangs of torture. Ramsundar heard all these. He also heard how Raybahadur made the funeral of Nirupama a grand occasion. Ramsundar’s position was too miserable to utter a word at the inhuman traits of so-called high class of people.

Question 3.
Write a summary of the story ‘Profit and Loss’ in your own words.
Answer:
‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the age-old burning problem of dowry in our society. A daughter, after five sons,- was born to Ramsunder Mitra. She was named as Nirupama – peerless. When she came of age Ramsunder Mitra went on searching for a suitable groom for his daughter. After a long search, he got the son of a Raybahadur, a grand family at the dowry of Rs. 10,000. Till the time of marriage Mitra failed to arrange the amount. Still there was the due amount for Rs. 6,000 or 7,000 .On the wedding day Raybahadur was adamant to allow his son to marry after getting the entire amount. Mitra’s all pleas failed to impress Raybahadur. By good luck Raybahadur’s son revolted against his father and agreed to marry showing his youthful spirit and value.

After the marriage whenever Mitra went to meet his daughter he was treated indifferently. Even the servants didn’t pay any attention to him. He was allowed to meet Nirupama only for, a few times in an outer room. Sometimes he was not allowed to even see her. Nirupma was never allowed to go to her father’s house. Ramsunder Mitra was very much pained at such behaviour and so he decided to arrange for the due amount of dowry anyhow.

On the other hand, Nirupama was treated very badly and spitefully at every turn. She shut herself into her room and wept. Everyday, every time she had to bear the burnt of insults. Her mother-in-law’s assaults were especially vicious. Ramsunder’s pain was growing day by day. Now it was growing unbearable. So he decided to sell his house to pay the amount. But his sons came to know of it and they protested it. Then Ramsunder began raising loans from various quarters at high interest rates. Nirupma understood everything.

She longed to visit her father’s house even once. But Ramsunder was so much heartbroken that he couldn’t ask for its permission. Though he promised his daughter that he would manage for it. But ultimately the father proved to be helpless. He could manage three thousand rupees. He was treated badly again. Then he resolved not to come to his daughter’s-in-laws’ house until he could manage the total due amount.

Many months passed but Ramsunder didn’t come even after her daughter sent many messengers. It as the days of Navratra. Once again he dared to go there with a few money that he had arranged by selling his house secretly. When his sons knew it they became very much furious.

However Nirupama came to know it. She asked her father not to give any money to her in-laws. Ramsunder came back. After that Nirupama lost interest in food. She fell ill seriously. She had no wish to live in the world. In the meantime her husband sent massage that he was managing for new settlement in the new city where he was deputed as Deputy Magistrate. He had no time to visit his house. It might be also a situation created by Nirupama’s-in-laws not to let them meet. Nirupama ultimately died out of her illness and starvation. Her funeral was a grand occasion.

Raybahadur arranged it in such a way that it became a never before and never after celebration in the surrounding areas. Such a huge sandalwood pyre had never been seen. It was said that it put them into debt also. But they were happy. Ramsunder also heard all these from those who came to console him. Meanwhile a letter from Deputy Magistrate came to his parents that he had arranged everything well in the new city. Now his wife could be lent quickly. His mother replied to her dear son that they i had secured another girl for him. He should come for new marriage. This time the dowry was 20,000 rupees cash down.

Question 4.
What moral do you draw from the story ‘Profit and Loss’? Do you think dowry is justified? Why or why not?
Answer:
‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the theme of the greatest social curse which had prevailed in society right from ancient eras. It tells us the woes of dowry. Its forms have been changing through the different ages. In old times it was in the form of exchange of gifts. Later it was changed to the monetary gain. The voice of protest against it has always been raised but of no concrete result. Laws are their but with no effect.

Dowry has worsely affected the society. It is in no way justified because it spreads hate, indignation, dissatisfaction, frustration and depression. Life can’t be lived with support of dowry. Marriage is a mutual relationship which is established riot brought. Hence, there is a need abolish it. No law can do it. Only good sense and youthful spirit can bring out a change. Females should also have the courage to raise their voice against it.

Profit and Loss Summary in English

‘Profit and Loss’ is a story by Rabindranath Tagore. It highlights the age-old burning problem of dowry in our society. A daughter, after five sons,- was born to Ramsunder Mitra. She was named as Nirupama – peerless. When she came of age Ramsunder Mitra went on searching for a suitable groom for his daughter. After a long search, he got the son of a Raybahadur, a grand family at the dowry of Rs. 10,000. Till the time of marriage Mitra failed to arrange the amount. Still there was the due amount for Rs. 6,000 or 7,000 .On the wedding day Raybahadur was adamant to allow his son to marry after getting the entire amount. Mitra’s all pleas failed to impress Raybahadur. By good luck Raybahadur’s son revolted against his father and agreed to marry showing his youthful spirit and value.

Profit and Loss Summary in Hindi

‘Profit and Loss’ रविन्द्रना थटैगोर लिखित कहानी है। इसमें हमारे समाज में प्रचलित दहेज की ज्वलंत समस्या को उजागर किया गया है। रामसुन्दर मित्रा के घर पांच पुत्रों के बाद एक बेटी का जन्म हुआ। उसका नाम निरूपमा-अद्भुत-रखा गया है। जब वह बड़ी हुई तब रामसुन्दर मित्रा अपनी बेटी के लिए एक सुयोग्य वर की तलाश में भटकने लगे। लंबी खोज के बाद उन्हें दस हजार रकम की दहेज पर एक भव्य परिवार वाले रायबहादुर का बेटा मिला। विवाह के दिन तक मित्रा पूरी रकम जुटाने में असफल रहे। अभी भी छह-सात हजार रुपये की रकम बकाया था। विवाह के दिन रायबहादुर पूरी रकम लेने के बाद ही अपने बेटे को शादी के लिए भेजने पर अडिग थे। मित्रा के सभी अनुनय-विनय रायबहादुर को प्रभावित करने में असफल रहे। भाग्यवश रायबहादुर का बेटा अपनी जवानी के जोश और मूल्यों को दिखाते हुए अपने पिता के खिलाफ विद्रोह कर बैठा और शादी के लिए राजी हो गया।

विवाह के बाद जब भी मित्रा अपनी बेटी से मिलने गया, उसके साथ अजीब-सा व्यवहार हुआ। यहां तक कि नौकरों ने भी उस पर कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया। उसे सिर्फ थोड़ी देर के लिए बाहरी कमरे में निरुपमा से मिलने दिया जाता था। कभी-कभी तो उसे निरुपमा से मिलने भी नहीं दिया जाता था। निरुपमा को कभी अपनी पिता के घर जाने की अनुमति नहीं मिली। रामसुन्दर मित्रा इस तरह के व्यवहार से बहुत दु:खी थे और इसीलिए उन्होंने किसी भी तरह दहेज की बकाया रकम की व्यवस्था करने की ठान ली। . दूसरी ओर निरुपमा के साथ बहुत ही बुरे और तीखे-ताने वाले व्यवहार हर क्षण होते थे। वह अपने को अपने कमरे में बंद कर रोती रहती थी। हर दिन हर क्षण उसे बेइज्जती सहनी पड़ती थी, खासकर उसकी सास का बुरा व्यवहार बहुत ही जहरीला था। रामसुन्दर का दुःख दिनों-दिन बढ़ता जा रहा था। अब यह असहनीय हो चला।

इसीलिए उसने रकम चुकाने के लिए अपना घर बेचने का निश्चय किया। लेकिन उसके बेटों को इसका पता चल गया और उन्होंने इसका विरोध किया। रामसुन्दर ने अलग-अलग जगहों से ऊंचे ब्याज की दर पर कर्ज लेना शुरू किया। निरूपमा सबकुछ समझ गयी। उसने केवल एक बार अपने पिता के घर जाने की इच्छा जताई। लेकिन रामसुन्दर इतना टूट चुका था कि वह इसकी अनुमति निरुपमा के सास-ससुर से नहीं मांग पाया। हालांकि उसने अपनी बेटी से वादा किया कि वह इसकी व्यवस्था करेगा। . लेकिन अंततः वह पिता लाचार साबित हुआ। वह केवल तीन हजार रुपयों की व्यवस्था कर पाया। उसके साथ फिर बुरा व्यवहार हुआ। तब उसने अपनी बेटी के ससुराल तब तक न जाने की ठान ली जब तक वह पूरी बकाया रकम इकट्ठी न कर ले।

बहुत महीने गुजर गए। लेकिन रामसुन्दर अपनी बेटी के कई संदेश भेजने के बाद भी उससे मिलने नहीं गया। ये नवरात्रि के दिन थे। एक बार फिर उसने कुछ पैसा जो उसने अपने घर को चुपके-से बेचकर इकट्ठा किया था, लेकर अपनी बेटी के घर जाने की हिम्मत जुटाई। जब उसके बेटों को इसका पता चला, वे बहुत नाराज हुए। निरुपमा को भी इसका पता चल गया। उसने अपने पिता से कहा कि वह उसके ससुराल वालों को कोई रकम न दें। रामसुन्दर वापस लौट आया। उसके बाद निरुपमा ने खाना-पीना छोड़ दिया। वह बुरी तरह बीमार पड़ गई। वह इस दुनिया में जीना नहीं चाहती थी। उन्हीं दिनों उसके पति का संदेश आया कि वह नए शहर में जहां वह डिप्टी मजिस्ट्रेट के रूप में पदस्थापित था, नई व्यवस्था में लगा था।

उसके पास घर आने का समय नहीं था। हो सकता था कि यह निरुपमा के ससुराल वालों के द्वारा बनायी गई स्थिति हो जो की उन दोनों को मिलने नहीं देना चाहते थे। अंततः निरुपमा बीमारी और भूख से मर गई। उसका दाह-संस्कार एक भव्य आयोजन था। रायबहादुर ने इसकी ऐसी व्यवस्था कि जैसे उस इलाके में न कभी हुई थी न कभी होने वाली थी। चंदन की लकड़ियों की इतनी बड़ी चिता कभी देखी नहीं गई थी। कहा जाता था कि इससे रायबहादुर पर कुछ कर्ज भी हो गया था। लेकिन वे लोग बड़े खुश थे। रामसुन्दर ने भी उन लोगों से ये बातें सुनी जो उसे सांत्वना देने आए थे। इसी बीच डिप्टी मजिस्ट्रेट का अपने माता-पिता के पास यह पत्र आया कि उसने नए शहर में घर बसाने की सारी व्यवस्था कर ली थी। अब जल्दी ही उसकी पत्नी को भेज दिया जाए। उसकी माँ ने अपने प्रिय पुत्र को जवाब भेजा कि उन लोगों ने उसके लिए एक दूसरी लड़की खोज ली है। वह जल्दी ही नई शादी के लिए आ जाए। इस बार दहेज की रकम बीस हजार रुपये नकद थी।

Profit and Loss Word Meaning

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 20 Profit and Loss 1

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

MP Board Class 11th English A Voyage Textbook

MP Board Class 11th Special English Unseen Passages Important Questions

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

MP Board Class 11th Special English Unseen Passages Important Questions

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below each passage :

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 1

There is a parable about a man who wandered all over the world in search of riches and returned home in great disappointment. One day when he was digging in his own backyard to dump some rubbish, he discovered some precious stones.

Most of us, unfortunately, are like that man vainly trying to discover peace and happiness while chasing elusive objectives and aims in life.

A famous philosopher tells us about a group of porcupines inhabiting a large room. It was a cold day and the porcupines decided to get close together so that they may not feel the intense cold. Then the trouble started; they began to feel one another’s sharp quills and started quarreling, with the result that they felt they must separate. This they did, but soon they realized that they were again too isolated to feel warm and comfortable. They agreed to come together again and in a series of experiments, they finally choose to remain together, but not so close as to hurt each other and yet near enough to enable them to escape the bitter cold.

Applied to human society, the lesson is that for our peace of mind there must be a minimum distance maintained between one another to avoid provocation and yet not so much distance as to experience a feeling of cold isolation. For peace of mind, it is necessary to be physically, mentally and spiritually well-tuned. This is not always easy especially on the mental plane.

During our short span of life, it is important that petty irritations, ideas and prejudices should not clog the mind.

Doubtless, there is a lot of evil in the word but who can deny that there is an equal amount, if not more, that is good and beautiful. Some of the best things in life are free. Like’ the beauties of nature and of the animal kingdom, sunrises and sunsets, and so on. We have to take account of these bounties before we start complaining of what we do not possess.

It is true that there are many who do not enjoy the minimum needs to life, but it is surprising to find the greatest unhappiness and disturbance of mind among the so-called affluent that have the greatest tendency to complain. So, let us put our minds in order and seek for peace within us.

A. Answer these questions :

Question 1.
Why did the man wander all over the world?
Answer :
The man wandered all over the world in search of riches.

Question 2.
What and where did he find what he wanted?
Answer :
He wanted some precious stones that he found in his own backyard.

Question 3.
What principle should one follow to maintain peace of mind?
Answer :
To maintain peace of mind there must be a minimum distance maintained between one another to avoid provocation and yet not so much distance as to experience feelings of cold isolation.

Question 4.

List the best things of life which are free.
Answer :
(i) Beauties of nature,
(ii) The animal kingdom,
(iii) Sunrise,
(iv) Sunset.

Question 5.
Give a suitable title to the above passage.
Answer :
Peace of Mind.

B. (i) Pick out the words from the passage that mean the same as :

(a) Unimportant Petty.
(b) Unreasonable dislikes or preferences for a person or a group prejudice.
(c) rewards bounties.
(d) rich affluent.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable words :
(a) For peace of mind it is necessary to be physically, mentally and spiritually well tuned.
(b) Petty irritations, prejudices and ideas should not clog the mind.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 2

One Glance at our history books and we will observe great feats by Indians in every field. May it be art, poetry, science, politics or economy. The never-ending onslaught of invasions and infighting only helped the nation loose its once shining glory. Many episodes of the past coupled with the most recent British rule, literally reduced a once vibrant country into that of surviving community. Like in nature, we Indians were forced to making ends meet and survive, then think about how to get to the Moon shining in the night sky. However, the last 50 years have transformed Indians from being survivors to thought leaders.

The thought of a growth-driven India, reminds me of the principle of self-reinforcing and limiting force of nature. As we embark on the new era of growth it is important we realize the importance of balanced inclusive growth rather than a skewed development. No economy can support itself based on the phenomenal growth of one or two growth drivers. More than the double-digit growth figures I would prefer to see the sustainability indices of the economy. Our policymakers seem to be heading in the right direction for propelling growth on agriculture and rural development alongside information technology (IT) and biotechnology and other high-tech sectors. The key to sustainable growth lies in generating knowledge and managing it effectively. It is but imperative for the nation to realize the importance of efficient knowledge management. There is little need to dream about Indian supremacy going into the future. The need of the hour is to realize the grave responsibility on India and its youth, in supporting much larger global issues like the environment, health, education and global peace. Economic development by itself means nothing: new India should invest and commit to social responsibility and cultural development, which will contribute to the larger picture. The choice is ours, whether we contribute as a country or perish as another opportunistic nation. (M.P. 2013)

A. Answer these questions :

Question 1.
Why did India lose her glory?
Answer :
India lost her glory due to the never-ending onslaught of invasions and infighting.

Question 2.
How has the country been transformed during the last 50 years?
Answer :
During the last 50 years the country has transformed from being survivors to thought leaders.

Question 3.
What kind of growth does the author envisage for the country?
Answer :
For the country the author envisages a balanced growth that sustainable.

Question 4.
What are our policy makers emphasizing on for economic growth?
Answer :
For economic growth our policy makers are emphasizing on agriculture and rural development alongside. IT and BT and other high-tech sectors.

Question 5.
What is needed to sustain growth in the economy?
Answer :
To sustain growth in the economy knowledge should be generated and managed effectively.

Question 6.
Why does the author say. “Economic development by itself means nothing”?
Answer :
Because New India should invest and commit to social responsibility and cultural development, which will contribute to the larger picture.

Question 7.
What is meant by “surviving community” in the passage?
Answer :
It means a country that was reduced to a miserable condition.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
India’s all round development.

B. Find out words or phrases in the passage which mean :

(a) Development directed towards a particular group in a way that may not be fair.
Answer :
Skewed development.

(b) Making use of an opportunity to get an advantage for oneself.
Answer :
Opportunistic.

(d) Provide enough of what is needed to survive or exist.
Answer :
To make ends meet.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 3

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has formally taught just for a year at Annamalai University.

After his retirement as Chief Scientific Adviser to the Government of India in 2000, Kalam set out with the task of interacting with a million students. The tally stands at 1.2 million, as every day he meets groups of students. In the last week of November, he met 4,000 tribal students in Bihar. The largest gathering he addressed was 50,000 students in Adichunchanagiri, Karnataka. He also addresses groups of 40 to 50 students. School vies with each other to invite the President.

He has brought a sharper focus on the utility of education and its developmental values than anyone else. In addition to these face-to-face interactions, especially with students from underprivileged sections and those with disabilities, the President and his team respond to hundreds of e-mail queries from students.

The message is simple and direct. He wants students to open up their minds and study well, so that they can contribute to building India as a developed nation. He has set the target of 2020 for this to happen. He makes children take a pledge that they will work towards this ambition so that global peace is achieved. (The sentiments are borrowed from St. Augustine, whom Kalam admires as a universal teacher).

Kalam’s publisher-Penguin India says his books are runaway best sellers. Ignited minds, his panacea for tapping the huge brainpower of the youth, has so far been printed 21 times and sold 2.5 lakh copies. 2020 : A developed Nation has sold over one-lakh copies. Their translation in regional languages also have brisk sales.

In his interaction with educationists, principals and teacher, Kalam keeps asking how they would produce textbook, which are relevant to the 21st century, how they reach to the poor in slums and village and how they are adopting modern technology to teach children. When he visited Africa, his gift to the continent was a satellite, which would link 53 countries and provide distance education. The satellite would beam the program in a number of African languages from mid-2007.

And teaching would remain a passion with the President, even after he leaves Rashtrapati Bhawan.

A. Encircle the correct spellings of the following words:

(i) adviser, advisar, advisir, advisor
(ii) formally, formelly, formaly, farmally
(iii) pleij, pledge, plej, plege
(iv) setilite, satelite, Satellite, satilite.

B. Fill in the blanks with one word each :
(i) Dr. Kalam taught just for a year in Annamalai University.
(ii). The largest gathering Dr. Kalam addressed was 50,000 students in Adichunchanagiri, Karnataka.
(iii) Dr. Kalam has set out with the task of interacting with a million students.
(iv) Dr. Kalam specially interacts with students belong to the underprivileged sections of the society.
(v) Dr. Kalam makes children take a pledge to achieve global peace.
(vi) “Penguin India’ says that Dr. Kalam’s books are run away bestsellers.
(vii) Dr. Kalam wants that the textbooks should be relevant to the 21st century.
(viii) Dr. Kalam sharply focuses on the utility of education and its developmental values.
(ix) The translations of Dr. Kalam’s books in regional languages have brisk sales.
(x) Dr. Kalam’s gift to Africa was a satellite, which would link 53 countries and provide distance education.

C. Find the words for the following meanings in the text :
(i) To communicate with somebody while you work interact.
(ii) To give attention to one particular subject focus.
(iii) An important moral, social or political idea panacea.
(iv) A serious promise pledge.
(v) Usefulness utility.

D. On the basis of your reading the passage answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What task did Dr. Kalam take-up after his retirement as Chief Scientific Adviser to the government of India?
Answer :
He took up the task of interacting with a million students.

Question 2.
Students from which sections of the society does Dr. Kalam especially address?
Answer :
He especially address students from underprivileged sections and those with disabilities.

Question 3.
What is the ambition towards which Dr. Kalam wants students to work?
Answer :
He wants students to work towards his ambition of global peace.

Question 4.
Who does Dr. Kalam admire as a universal teacher?
Answer :
St. Augustine.

Question 5.
What is the opinion of Penguin India about Dr. Kalam’s books?
Answer :
Penguin India says that Dr. Kalam’s books are run away seller.

Question 6.
What does Dr. Kalam expect from educationists, principals and teachers?
Answer :
He expect that they would produce text-books relevant 21st century.

Question 7.
What was the purpose of gifting a satellite to Africa?
Answer :
The purpose was to provide distance education facility.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam—A visionary.

Passage 4
Hilaire Belloc — The Frog
Be kind and tender to the frog,
And do not call him names,
As “Slimy skin” or “Polly-wog”
Or likewise “Ugly james”,
Or“Gap-a-grin” or “Toad-gone-wrong”
Or “Bill Bandy-Knees”
The frog is justly sensitive
To epithets like these.

No animal will more repay
A treatment kind and fair,
At least so lonely people say
Who keep a frog (and, by the way
they are extremely rare).

A. Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
What lines in the poem show the poet’s sensitiveness towards the feeling of frogs?
Answer :
The following lines show this- “Be kind and tender to the frog And do not call him names”

Question 2.
Pick four names from the poem that describe the frog and write the explanation pointing out why the poet says that we should not call the frog by these names?
Answer :
(i) Slimy skin : The skin of frog is moist and slippery,
(ii) Ugly james : It looks ugly,
(iii) Gape a grin: It has a wide mouth,
(iv) Bill Bandy kness: Its knees are folded.

Question 3.
Why does the poet say that the frog will repay more than any other animal and how does he do this?
Answer :
The frog helps the human beings by devouring the insects and thus keeping the Water and surrounding clean. Question4. According to the poet what type of people are extremely rare? Answer :Such people who wave alone and keep a frog as pet are extremely rare.

Question 5.
What qualities of frogs are most appealing to you and why? Write at least two,
Answer :
The frog is justly sensitive. It responds to the stimuli immediately. The frog repays more than any animal and thus, helps the human beings.

B. Use the following expressions in sentence of your own :

(i) be kind : We must be kind to the poor people.
(ii) tender : Young babies have tender skin.
(iii) justly sensitive : Her response shows that she is not justly sensitive.
(iv) kind and fair : The king should be kind and fair with his subject.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 5

Reviews
Backyard window overlooks
A garden full of flowers
(mine dry out before they bloom),
a mango tree laden with richness of fruit
(a parasite ate up my fruit tree long ago),
crisscross of leaves, hedges and wires.

Flowers clustering together
patches of colurs splashed all over,
crossbred sweetpeas
and grafted roses,
long stalked weany structures
with all the dirty marks over them.
They peeled the bark in a square
on that mango tree
and labelled a few numbers.
Sun shines and peeps through
the layers of dust.
Spiders web over thorny bushes.

Those hedges and wire,
boundary lines-
mammade fetters on God made land.
“Who waters it all?”
“The city gutters”

My window shutters sputter and close
The filthy smell ovecomes
the temptation of killing
time in sightseeing
Would you stand and stare
a while at this?

A. Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
In the first stanza of the poem there are two a sides. What do they refer to?
Answer :
The two sides are neighbour’s blouming garden and the poet’s own destroyed and ruined garden. They refer to the happy and sad sides of life.

Question 2.
The poet describes flowers in the first two stanzas. Write about the flowers mentioned there in. Why does the poet refer to the as “crossbred sweetness’ and ‘grafted rosas’?
Answer :
There are flowers in full bloom colourfull sweetpeas and roses are fluttering. Crossbred sweetpeas and grafted roses refer that plants are scientifically treated.

Question 3.
What does the poet say about the fruit tree?
Answer :
Poet’s mango trees are eaten by the parasites. His neighbour’s tree is laden with fruits. A square path is made on the bark of the tree on which few numbers are written.

Question 4.
What are the things that the poet can see from his backyard window?
Answer :
From his backyard window the poet can see his neighbour’s garden with flower ing plants and numbered fruit trees, dusty layers and cobwebs thorny bushes and hedges and wire.

B. Explain the following two expressions :

(i) Man made fetters on God made land.
Answer :
God created land but man put on fences to divide it among themselves.

(ii) The temptation of killing time in sight seeing.
Answer :
The poet is a nature lover and spends a lot of time in sight seeing.

C. Note the use of words ‘web’ and ‘water’ as verbs in the following lines :
‘Spider web over thorny bushes’
“who waters it all”
Now write sentences using following words as verbs and nouns : peopie, dust, stare, gutter.

People : There is great rush of people in the new shopping mall.
The shopping mall was hugely peopled on the opening day.

Dust : The books have collected a layer of dust in a week
The books need to be dusted.

Stare : Father’s angry stare frightened him
Father is staring at his angrily.

Gutter : Gutters of the city are rarely cleaned by the municipality :
All my plans were guttered by any friends.

D. Write the central idea of the poem.
This poem presents the paradoxes present everywhere. The poets own garden is destroyed but his neighbour’s garden is in bloom. A wired hedge separates them. The poet is a nature lover but the right through his window is not very pleasing. He regrets that man has created boundaries and fences on the land made by God for all.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 6

Butterflies and moths are insects distinguished by four wings covered with tiny, shingle like scales and by mouthparts that form a hollow, flexible tube like a drinking straw. Most butterflies and moths use their distinctive mouthparts to feed on the nectar of flowers. The insects have proportionately small bodies and large wings, and a pair of antennae on their heads. Butterflies and moths together make up the second-largest order of insects, called Lepidoptera.

Butterflies and moths are similar animals, but they have some general differences. The main difference is that butterflies have knobs, or clubs, on the tips of their antennae. Moths may have threadlike, feathery, or blunt antennae, but their lack clubs. In addition, most moths tend to fly chiefly at night, while butterflies are active during the day. When at rest, most moths hold their wings folded flat over their backs, while butterflies hold their wings upright over their backs or bask with them spread flat out to the side. Many species of moths have dull grey or brown wings, and butterflies often have wings with colourful patterns. But numerous exceptions exist. For example, many moths fly during the day and are brightly marked, and many butterflies have soft, brown wings.

Throughout history the colourful butterflies have been admired for their delicate beauty. They have a prominent place in art and literature as symbols of freedom, creativity and the beauty of nature. The animals are also crucial parts of the ecosystem in which they live. Their most important ecological role is in pollination, the transfer of pollen from one flower to another, which helps plants to reproduce. Butterflies and moths pollinate many wild plants as well as important crops grown by humans for food.

By far the majority of Lepidopterans are moths. Scientists have identified some 200,000 species of moths and suspect there may be many more not yet discovered, perhaps amounting to a million or more species. By contrast, the approximately 18,500 known types of butterflies probably account for most of the world’s butterfly species.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Write two features of butterflies and moths that distinguish them from other insects.
Answer :
The two features that distinguish butterflies and moths from other insects are : (a) butterflies and moths have four wings, and (b) their mouthparts form a hollow, flexible tube.

Question 2.
Give four features that usually differentiate butterflies from moths.
Answer :
The four features that usually differentiate butterflies from moths are :
(a) butterflies have knobs on the tip of their antennae,
(b) moths tend to fly chiefly at night
(e) when at rest, moths fold their wings, and
(d) moths usually have dull grey or brown wings.

Question 3.
What is the ecological role of butterflies and moths?
Answer :
Both butterflies and moths transfer pollen from one flower to another, helping plants to reproduce.

Question 4.
Which lepidopterans are dominant in number and by how much?
Ans.
Moths outnumber butterflies. About two lakh species of moths have been identified so far, whereas only 18,500 species of butterflies are known.

Question 5.
Find out the words from thie passage which have the same meanings as the words given below :
(a) uniquely characteristic of a person, group or thing,
(b) noticeable or conspicuous.
Answer :
(a) distinctive,
(b) prominent.

Question 6.
Find out the antonyms of the words given below from the passage :
(a) sharp,
(b) trivial.
Ans.
(a) blunt,
(b) crucial.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 7

Born in the cradle of her love, I lay peacefully like a dove. As the days passed, I love her more, More than ever before. As I grew, I became Stubborn in my ways ‘Calm down’, she would always say, but my face would betray my emotion, She is there to tackle the commotion, She would give me all the love she had, And I would turn to good from bad. She always hugged me, tears rolling down with joy, When I would promise not to annoy. Having her I am always sure, With her I will be comfortable and secure.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Find out the words from the poem which have the same meanings as the words given below:
(a) breach in trust,
(b) to handle.
Answer :
(a) betray,
(b) tackle.

Question 2.
Who is the speaker in these lines? Who is he talking about?
Answer :
The poet himself is the speaker in these lines. He is talking about his mother.”

Question 3.
When the poet promises not to annoy, what does ‘she’ do?
Answer :
She hugs the poet, with tearful eyes, when he promises not to annoy her.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 8

A Green Cornfield

The earth was green, the sky was blue; (M.P. 2013)
I saw and heard one sunny morn
A skylark hang between the two,
A singing speak above the corn.
A stage below in gay accord,
While butterflies danced on wings,
And still the singing skylark soared,
And silent sank and soared to sing
The cornfield stretched a tender green
To right and left beside my walks;
I knew he had a nest unseen
Somewhere among the million stalks.
And as I paused to hear his song
While swift the sunny moments slide,
And listened longer than I did.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Write any two rhyming words.
Answer :
(a) Mom and corn
(b) Walks and stalks.

Question 2.
The phrase, “gay accord” means”
Answer :
The phrase gay accord-means, “Set in a happy and, cheerful atmosphere”.

Question 3.
How does the poet explain the beauty of the cornfield?
Answer :
The poet’s intense love for nature is evident in the poem. She looked up from a cornfield and saw a skylark soaring in the sky and singing. The butterflies danced about in the cornfield.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 9

I remember, I remember, (M.P. 2013, 15)
The house where I was bom,
The little window where the sun
Came peeping in at morn.
He never came a wink too soon
Nor brought too long a clay;
But now, I often wish the night
Had borne my breath away.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Why does the poet remember “The house”?
Answer :
The poet remembers the house because he was born there.

Question 2.
What does ‘too soon’ and ‘too long’ refer to?
Answer :
By ‘too soon’ the poet means not very early and by ‘too long’ he means not for longer span of time here he refers to the sun.

Question 3.
What does the poet desire?
Answer :
The poet desires that night might borne his breath away.

Question 4.
Find out the lines which express the beauty of the sun- shine?
Answer :
The lines which express the beauty of the sun-shine are- ‘The little window where the sun came peeping in at morn’.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 10

Parents and teachers must learn to respect the child. No Japanese ever strike the child. Yet Japanese children are models of reasonableness. The Japanese maintain a commendable attitude towards their children as their equals and always address them as such. They never criticize them harshly. The use of the rod is absolutely unknown in Japanese homes. Japanese code of life is very strict in certain respects. Japanese soldiers have earned a name for their high sense of duty and readiness for self-sacrifice. These come out of a traditional love for their country and its sovereign, rather than from fear of any penalties in childhood.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
How should parents and teachers treat their children?
Answer :
Parents and teachers should love and respect their children.

Question 2.
How do Japanese treat their children?
Answer :
Japanese never strike their children or criticize them.

Question 3.
What is absolutely unknown in Japanese home?
Answer :
Use of rod and harsh words are absolutely unknown in Japanese home.

Question 4.
What do Japanese parents expect from their children?
Answer :
The Japanese parents sexpect respect and obedience as a code of life from their children.

Question 5.
For what have Japanese soldiers earned a name?
Answer :
Japanese soldiers have earned a name and fame for their high sense of duty and readiness for self-sacrifice.

Question 6.
From what does their sense of duty come?
Answer :
Japanese’s high sense of duty comes from their traditional love for their country and its sovereign.

Question 7.
Do Japanese children have any fear of penalties?
Answer :
No, Japanese children have no fear of any penalties.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the passage.
Answer :
Japanese Children, A Model of Reasonableness.
Or
Japanese and their Love for Child.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 11

Socrates had many disciples and the greatest of these was Plato. Plato wrote many books which have come down to us and it is from these books that we know great deal of his master, Socrates. Evidently governments do not like people who are always trying to find things out; they do not like the search for truth. The Athenian government- this was just after the time of Pericles did not like the method of Socrates and they held a trial and con demned him to death. They told him if he promised to give up his discussions with people and changed his way, they would let him off. But he refused to do so and preferred to take the cup of poison, which brought him death, to giving up what he considered his duty. On the point of death, he addressed his accusers and judges and said, “If you propose to acquit me on condition that I abandon my search for truth, I will say ‘I thank you’, Athenians but I will obey God, who as I believe has set me this task, rather than you ………, I will continue the practice of accosting whomever I met and saying to him “Are you not ashamed of setting your heart on wealth and honour while you have no care for wisdom and truth and making your soul better. I do not know what death is ……………. it may be a good thing and I am not afraid of it. But I know one thing, that it is bad to desert one’s part and I prefer what may be good to what I know to be bad.”

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Who was Plato?
Answer :
Plato was one of the greatest disciples of Socrates.

Question 2.
How do we get information of Socrates?
Answer :
We get many information of Socrates from the book written by Plato.

Question 3.
What sort of people are not liked by his government?
Answer :
People who always tried to find out truth and search facts were not liked by his government.

Question 4.
Why was Socrates condemned by his government?
Answer :
Socrates was condemned by his government because they did not like his method, they held a trial and condemned him to death.

Question 5.
On what condition was the government prepared to let him free?
Answer :
The Government was ready to let him free only if he promised to stop his discussion with people and change his way of life.

Question 6.
How did Socrates react to that offer?
Answer :
Socrates refused to give up his path of truth and preferred to take the cup of poison which brought his death.

Question 7.
What was the thing he wanted to teach people?
Answer :
He taught people to obey God and follow the path of wisdom and truth.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to the above passage.
Answer :
“The Great Philosopher Socrates.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 12

While returning one hot summer afternoon to the ice-cream depot, I work for, I was stopped in a traffic jam of cars bound for the beach. I decided to get an ice-cream from the back of my truck and four sweltering kids in the car behind watched me eat it. Feeling sorry for them, I gave them each an ice-cream. In a matter of minutes I was surrounded by children and by the time the traffic began to move, I had gone through four cartons. Rather than explain to my boss, I decided to pay for them myself.

On my arrival at the depot, however, I was called to the manager’s office and asked why I had been giving away company stock. Even after explaining the situation and my decision to pay, I still expected to be sacked. Instead, my boss smiled broadly and said it was the best advertising and public relation the firm had in years. Parents had been phoning to thank the company.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
Who is the narrator of the passage?
Answer :
The narrator works for an ice-cream company.

Question 2.
Why did he decide to get an ice-cream from the back of his truck?
Answer :
Due to a traffic jam, the narrator felt like eating an ice-cream.

Question 3.
Why did he give the four kids an ice-cream each?
Answer :
The kids were looking, when the narrator was eating his ice-cream and there fore, he took pity on them and gave them ice-cream each.

Question 4.
Where did his kindness lead him to?
Answer :
He had to part with four cartons of ice-cream due to his being kind to kids.

Question 5.
What was his fear and how did it end?
Answer :
His fear was that he would be dismissed from service for giving away company stock

Question 6.
What type of a man the speaker of this passage is?
Answer :
The narrator appears to be a kind-hearted person.

Question 7.
Why was the speaker not dismissed by his boss?
Answer :
The narrator was not dismissed because by his act he had advertised the company’s ice-cream and made it quite popular.

Question 8.
Suggest a suitable title to this passage.
Answer :
“Advertising-Inadvertently.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 13

As a boy I was very fond of the old soldier in our little town. He only had one leg, having lost the other somewhere in Assam in 1942. He used to sit on the bank of our small river and tell me about his adventures. He told me that he had run away from home to join the army when he was eighteen. He had experienced his first battle in the Libyan desert in the Second World War. He used to tell me dozen of war stories, but the one I liked best was the one of his escape from a Japanese prisoner of war camp in urma. He told me again and again how he walked two hundred miles in two weeks. On the way he was bitten on the toe by a poisonous snake and he had to cut off part of the toe in order to survive. But the wound did not heal and by the time he got to an Indian camp it had turned septic and the leg had to amputated. He is apparently quite contented with his loss. He says that his pension is enough for his needs; and the fish which he catches from the river and sells provide him with the money for cigarettes.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
What had the hero of the story done when he was eighteen?
Answer :
The hero of the story ran away from his house to join the army when he was eighteen.

Question 2.
Where did he say his leg was amputated?
Answer :
His leg was amputated in an Indian camp.

Question 3.
Which story did the narrator like best?
Answer :
The narrator liked the story of the hero’s escape from a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp, in Burma.

Question 4.
How many miles did he walk in two weeks?
Answer :
He walked two hundred miles in two weeks.

Question 5.
Where did he experience his first battle?
Answer :
He experienced his first battle in the Libyan desert.

Question 6.
Why did he run away from home?
Answer :
He ran away from home to join the army.

Question 7.
Why did he feel contented?
Answer :
He felt contented as he found his pension good enough for his needs.

Question 8.
Give a suitable title to this passage
Answer :
“Adventures of an Ex-army Soldier.”

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions Unseen Passages Passage 14

The early years of Swami Vivekanand were passed in the bosom of a happy and weil to do family. Vishwanath Dutt commanded a very good practice and prodigally spent all that he earned to surround his wife and children with every kind of comfort and even luxury. As a child Narendranath was extremely naughty and self-willed and we are told that his mother has very often to place him under the water tap to tame his naughtiness. All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person-be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wondering Sadhus for whose mode of life he had an uncontrollable attraction ever since his child hood. His tender emotionalism was nurtured on the devotional songs of his mother and his favourite play was to worship the clay images of Rama and Krishna, Shiva and Kali, he used to sit in front of these images in a meditating posture. Sometimes for hours together he sat absorbed in that boyish contemplation. Rama was his favourite deity to begin with, but later, the throne was occupied by Shiva and Rama went into disfavour because he had married and the boyish imagination of Narendranath commenced admiring the ascetic more than the householder. “See this line of my palm”, Narendranath used to ask his friends. Well it means, I would never marry. I am going to become Sadhu.

Answer these Questions :

Question 1.
How did Vishwanath Dutt provide for his family?
Answer :
Vishwanath Dutt commanded a very good practice and prodigally spant all that he earned to surround his wife and children with every kind of comfort and even luxury.

Question 2.
Give some examples to prove that Narendranath was generous.
Answer :
Narendranath was extremely naughty and self-willed and we one told—that his mother has very often to place him under the water top to tame his Naughtiness.

Question 3.
What was Narendranath’s favorite pastime in his childhood?
Answer :
All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wandering sadhus for—for his childhood.

Question 4.
Which God did he like in the beginning? Which God became his favorite later on and why?
Answer :
The songs of his mother and favorite play was to worship of Rama and Krishana, Shiva and Kali.

Question 5.
Find out the words in the passage which have the following meanings :
(i) extravagant,
(ii) feeling of ease.
Answer :
(i) The songs of his mother and favourite play was to worship of Rama and Krishana, Shiva and Kali.
(ii) All the same he was very loving and devoted. Generous to a fault, he gave whatever he had on his person be it a new dhoti or a gold ornament to wandering sadhus for—for his childhood.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions

Question 1.
(a) State whether the following statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’:
(i) The poet praises his native land.
(ii) A person is happy in a foreign land.
(iii) A person who loves his country loses all his wealth.
(iv) There is no one on earth who does not love his motherland.
(v) A person who does not love his motherland dies unhonoured.
Answer :
(i) True,
(ii) False,
(iii) False,
(iv) True,
(v) True.

(b) Match the words in list ‘A’ with their antonyms in ‘B’:
MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions 1
Answer :
(i) (c),
(ii) (d),
(iii) (e),
(iv) (i),
(v) (g),
(vi) (a),
(vii) (b)

(c) The shortest route to Kanyakumari with the following details :
(a) Means of transport available,
(b) Total number of days required,
(c) Places he should visit during the tour.

Plan advertisement for a travel agency offering a tour package for a person living in Delhi. On the basis of the points mentioned above :
Answer :

New Age Tours and Travels
Offers
Package tour to Kanyakumari
Ten days Nine Nights
Rs. 14,000/ – Only
Includes Travel, Lodging and Food (vegetarian)
Contact Mr. Chandrakant
***********

Question. (a)
Complete each of following sentences given below with a word from the passage which is equivalent to the word or given the brackets :
(i) Tanmay.louting his thoughts on his school nicely. (described)
(ii) The boy opened the ………and looked outside. Casement (window)
(iii) There was a babydoll stretch of land behind his house. (covering a large area)
(iv) He sat at the window in a d………. mood. He Domain (in low spirit)
(v) The hen spread its wings over the …………. (young ones of a hen)
(vi) They ………………… into all the corners for the missing ring. (look with difficulty)
(vii) The moonlight had to ………… to get through the thick bushes. (make great efforts)
(viii) He……….. admired his motherland. (very passionately)
(ix) The desert …………… Out of the thick bushes impen (walk with quick steps)
(x) There was nothing in the field except a…..tree in the middle. (single, alone)
Answer :
(i) portrayed,
(ii) casement,
(iii) abroad,
(iv) desponding,
(v) chickens,
(vi) peer,
(vii) strive,
(viii) fervently,
(ix) trip,
(x) solitary.

(b) Explain the meanings of the following phrases and idiomatic expressions, and use them in sentences of your own :
(i) Over and over again,
(ii) After all,
(iii) Look in,
(iv) To and fro,
(v) Glide away,
(vi) At random,
(vii) Insight.
Answer :
(i) Over and over again : repeatedly : He attempted to meet the Prime Minister over and over again but failed.
(ii) After all : finally: After all he is my guardian.
(iii) Look in search : He is trying to look in the matter deeply to find the truth.
(iv). To and fro: backwards and forwards : The lady is rocking the baby to and fro.
(v) Glide away : feeling excited : As he got his mission easily, he is gliding away.
(vi) At random : without a particular aim or purposes : I happened to meet my old friend at random.
(vii) In sight : in view : There is nothing so remarkable in sight.
(c) In the followings each the word that does not mean the same thing as the basic word :

1. Injuction
(a) command
(b) order
(c) opening
(d) direction.

2. Dismay
(a) discourage
(b) dishearten
(c) depress
(d) expel.

3. Quench (M.P. 2012)
(a) satisfy
(b) shake
(c) slake
(d) satiate.
Answer :
1. (c) opening,
2. (d) expel,
3. (b) shake.

(d) Say whether the following statements are true or false :
(i) The moon describes the evenings to a painter.
(ii) On the first evening the moon was in the Indian sky.
(iii) A novelist is narrating the story.
(iv) The betrothed of the maid held a lamp in his hand.
(v) The maid shouted, “He lives!”
(vi) The maid did not pay attention to the snake.
(vii) The hon had ten chicks.
(viii) The hen was frightened by the girl’s father.
(ix) The moon looked through a hole in the hen – house.
(x) The moon kissed the little girl on the mouth and eyes.
Answer :
(i) True,
(ii) True,
(iii) False,
(iv) False,
(v) True,
(vi) True,
(vii) False,
(viii) True,
(ix) True,
(x) False.

(e) Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions :
(i) Ramesh was lying on… the sofa reading a book.
(ii) There was a big crowd …………… the railway crossing.
(iii) There is a temple ……… the top of the mountain.
(iv) The man standing.win the courtyard.
(v) I read about the rocket launchers….a magazine.
(vi) We saw the train arriving……….the platform.
(vii) His coat came down well…bebihis kness.
(viii) I am going ……………. Bhopal next week,
(ix) The mechanic is standing..neaul…the car.
(x) The bird is ……the cage.
Answer :
1. on,
2. at,
3. at,
4. in,
5. in,
6. at,
7. below,
8. to,
9. near,
10. in.

Question 3.
(a) Name the phrases :
1. someone who gets angry very easily short – tempered.
2. a very tolerant person broad – minded.
3. an intolerant person narrow – minded.
4. a person with a pleasant generous character good – natured.
5. a person treated with special favour blue – eyed.
6. a person who is confused muddle – headed.
7. someone who is willing to listen open – minded.
8. beliefs/feelings difficult to change deep – rooted.’ .
9. someone who does not behave well or politely ill – natured.
10. someone/something not modern old – fashioned.
11. someone full of strength and energy red – blooded.
12. a person who does not easily get upset by criticism thick – skinned.

(b) Choose the correct answer:
1. In temperament and outlook the writer’s parents were :
(i) similar.
(ii) Feverse.
(iii) alomost common.
(iv) alomost opposite.

2. How does the author describe his mother’s chin: ..
(i) as being attractive.
(ii) as being repulsive.
(iii) as being regular and prominent.
(iv) as being proportionatic to the upper part.

3. The author’s mother was intolerant of demonstrativeness :
(i) more than his father was.
(ii) as much as his father was.
(iii) as much as the writer was.
(iv) not even in the least.

4. The writer’s mother was :
(i) like all Indian mothers.
(ii) like a few Indian mothers.
(iii) like most Indian mothers.
(iv) unlike Indian mothers.

5. ‘Bad manners’s, according to the author’s mother, were:
(i) acceptable in children
(ii) against social behaviour and charity
(iii) tolerable to some extent.
(iv) not acceptable in high society.
Answer :
1. (ii) reverse
2. (iv) as being proportionate to the upper part
3. (iv) not even in the least.
4. (ii) like a few Indian mothers.
5. (ii) against social behaviour and charity.

(c) Given below are sentences with can, could, may and might. Find the modality expressed in each case and write it in your notebook :
1. He could fly an aeroplane when he was young.
2. I cannot speak Marathi fluently.
3. Take a shorter route so that we may be in time.
4. may you have a happy journey!
5. It is chilling cold, you may catch cold.
6. Look ! She might be your friend Rita.
7. The patient might have collapsed. Thank God, he survived the operation.
8. You can have all my books. Now I don’t need them.”
9. Can he be such a liar! I don’t believe.
10. I could have passed the exam. Last year. Unfortunately I fell ill.
Answer :
1. Past ability, not existing now.
2. Expressing impossibility.
3. Future possibility.
4. Expressing goodwill, blessing.
5. Future possibility.
6. Doubtful possibility.
7. Expressing goodwill blessing.
8. Permission to the subject.
9. Expressing disbelief.
10. Unreal past (non – fulfilment of an action)

(d) Given below are some idiomatic expressions with their meanings. Learn their meanings and use them in sentences of your own. (The first one is from the text of the lesson) :
1. wearing one’s heart on one’s sleeve – making known one’s feelings easily.
2. to have no heart – to have no capacity for feeling emotions.
3. To take heart – to have courage or enthusiasm.
4. change of heart – change o attitude towards something making more friendly.
5. heart of the matter – essence, innermost part of something.
6. at heart – in one’s innermost feeling.
7. to break a person’s heart – overwhelm à person with sorrow.
8. by heart – from memory.
9. give one’s heart to/lose one’s heart to – to fall in love.
10. not to have the heart to – to be insensitive.
11. take to hearts’ – be much affected by.
12. to one’s heart – content – as much as one wishes to have.
13. with all one’s heart – sincerely, with all goodwill.
14. heart – to – heart – intimate conversation, etc.
15. after one’s own heart – according to one’s desire or feeling.
16. heart burning – jealousy.
Answer :
1. It is not a good sing to wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve.
2. He had no heart to console the death of his friend’s mother.
3. Netaji took heart to challenge the great British Empire.
4. A sudden change of heart transformed the situation.
5. The heart of the matter is that today everything has turned to be a busi ness.
6. My mother is a high devotional at heart.
7. The student broken a teacher’s heart with bad performance.
8. I learnt my lessons by heart.
9. Don’t lose your heart to an undeserving person.
10. I have always suggested him not to have the heart to anyone.
11. I was taken to heart by my neighbour.
12. Everyone wants his son to be achieve the height of success of his heart’s content.
13. I have prepared for this exam. with all my heart.
14. Vajpayee held a heart to heart discussion with Mussaraf.
15. One can get success after one’s own heart by working hard.
16. My rise has always been a cause of heart burning for my neighbour.

Question. 4.
(a) For each of the words given below, find a word from the text that has the opposite meaning :
admirable, aggressor, construction, enemies, happiness, notice, overt, peace, permissible, repair.
Answer :

(b) Combine the following sentences using ‘therefore’:
1. The attendance in the class is poor.
It is raining.

2. Sweta is down with fever.
She has not come to school.

3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing:
He is not playing today.

4. Her father died and she had to take a job.
She could not complete her studies.

5. Mother is unwell today.
Sumer is cooking food in the kitchen.

6. Someone has broken the toy.
The child is crying.

7. She passed the examination.
She is very happy.

8. The teacher is on leave.
The children are making a lot of noice.

9. I am tired
I want to have some rest.

10. The dog is hungry.
It is barking.
Answer :
1. It is raining therefore the attendance in the class is poor.
2. Sweta is down with fever therefore she has not come to school.
3. The captain has broken his finger while practicing therefore he is not play ing today.
14. Her father died and she had to take a job therefore she could not complete her studies.
5. Mother is unwell today therefore Sumer is cooking food in the kitchen.
6. Someone has broken the toy therefore the child is crying.
7. She passed the examination therefore she is very happy.
8. The teacher is on leave therefore the children are making a lot of noise.
9. I am tried therefore I want to have some rest.
10. The dog is hungry therefore it is barking.

(c) Write the meaning or synonym of the words/phrases given in column :
MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions 2
(d) Choose the correct option : (M.P. 2013)

Question 5.
(a) Complete the following summary of the poem by filling the gaps using the expressions from the poem :
Answer :
The poet – sowed a seed about eight – years ago because he wanted a tree of his own. Once is the month of May he found a tree that grew and had survived the goat’s eating and grass – cutter’s scythe and the monsoon blight though it was shrivelled it grew three new shoots young and it grew upward when he came back from Kashmir he could hardly believe that a cherry tree had ripened and jewelled in the sum. Next year it bore pink blossoms that were fragile and quick to fall. As he was relaxing in his garden he saw the finches as they flew and slitted through the dappled green. He saw bees as they drank nectar from each bloom.

(b) Make sentences with the following words :
1. Trust – My friends trust me.
2. Dare – I can’t dare to complain about him.
3. Royal – The royal family of Britain enjoys great respect from the people of Britain.
4. Sturdy – His body is quite sturdy.
5. Clouding – He is trying hard to emerge from the clouding in his life.
6. Bough – The boughs of the tree are stooping.
7. Greet – My friends greeted me chcerfully.

(c) Make sentences with the following words using them first as noun and then as verb :
1. Scythe :
(i) Scythe is used to cut grass.
(ii) You should scythe the grass of your lawn regularly.

2. Shoot;
(i) The shoot runs against light.
(ii) The soldiers are shooting at their target.

3. Light:
(i) Light removes darkness.
(ii) The mob lighted many vehicles during protest.

4. Watch :
(i) The policeman kept a watch on him.
(ii) The policeman watched him continuously.

5. Season :
(i) I like the winter season very much.
(ii) He has seasoned himself as a professional singer.

(d) Give antonyms of the following words :
cruelty, above, spiritual, injustice, courage, hell, curse.
Answer :

cruelty – mercy
above – beneath
spiritual – temporal.
injustice – justice
courage – fear
hell – heaven
curse – bless.

(e) Match the words is column ‘A’ with those in column ‘B’.
MP Board Class 11th Special English Vocabulary Exercises Important Questions 4
Answer :
(i) (f),
(ii) (a),
(iii) (b),
(iv) (c),
(v) (d),
(vi) (e).

(f) Match words with their meaning and use them in sentences of your own to bring out of the difference in their meanings :
‘A’ – B’
mercy – the feeling of being sorry for somebody.
compassion – used to show that you are disappointed about something.
pity – the ability to understand another person’s feelings.
sympathy – a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebody.
empathy – the aim of giving money, food, help, etc.
charity – a strong feeling of sympathy for people.

For example,
(i) Mercy (a kind or forgiving attitude towards somebody): the criminal pleaded for mercy from the judge.
(ii) Compassion (a strong feeling of sympathy for people): We must have compassion for poor.
(iii) Pity (used to show that you are disappointed about something) : He showed pity on the condition of the roads in the state.
(iv) Sympathy (the feeling being sorry for somebody) : He showed his sympathy towards the injured.
(v) Empathy (the ability to understand another person’s feelings) : He severely lack empathy for the down trodden.
(vi) Charity (the aim of giving money, food, help, etc.) : We arranged a charity show of the movie ‘Om Shanti Om’ for the uprosy patients,

(g) Make sentences with the following words using them first as ‘Noun’ and then as ‘verb’:

(i) Attribute :
(a) Piety is an important attribute for human beings.
(b) He attributed his success to the blessings of his parents.

(ii) Sway:
(a) The government is trying to check the sway in the stock market.
(b) The stock market swayed hergely last week.

(iii) Force :
(a) Force is used to stop or move a thing.
(b) He forced me to sign the letter.

(iv) Drop:
(a) Every drop of water is precious.
(b) The fielder dropped the catch.

(v) Crown :
(a) The king was wearing a splendid crown.
(b) People crowned him.

Q. 6.
(a) Differentiate between the following pairs of words and use them in sentences of your own :
disease, decease; special, especial; deep, dip; moral, mural; except, accept; beat, beet; excess, access; cease, seize.
Answer :

Discase’: an illness : Mr. Sharma is suffering from fatal disease.
Deceasc : the death of a person : Everyone remained shocked at the decease of Mr. : Singh.
Special : not ordinary or usual : There is something special about this monument.
Especial : better than usual : It is a matter of especial importance.
Deep: going or situated far down : This well is too deep to be measured.
Dip : a quick swim – devotees took a holy dip in the river Ganga.
Moral : concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour: We should give due importance to our traditional moral values.
Mural: a painting on a wall : Mural paintings can be seen on the walls of Ajanta Caves.
Except: not including : Everyone except Sudha has gone to see a movie.
Accept : say yes : I accept your suggestion. Beat : defeat I beat my friend at carrom.
Beet : a plant with a root used as a vegetable.
Raddish is one of vegetable with a beet.
Excess : The exceeding of due limits : Excess of anything is bad.
Access : approach ; I have an easy access to the Chief Minister.
Cease : come to and end : The factory had ceased making telephones.
Seize : take possession of by force or legal right: He seized Mr. Gupta’s property for payment of debt.

(b) Use the following words as noun and as adjectives in sentences of your own : common, ready, grave, beat, special,
Answer :

Common (noun) : Delay in justice is a common thing in India.
Common (adjective) : Cancer has become a common disease nowadays.
Ready (noun) : I had bought some readymade clothes.
Ready (adjective) : I like readymade dresses.
Grave (noun) : I put flowers at my grandfather’s grave on his death anniversary.
Grave (adjective) : We have fallen into grave situation.
Beat (noun) : You can hear loud beats on the drum.
Beat (adjective) : The beating retreat was marvellous.
Special (noun): There are daily specials in our menu to choose from.
Special (adjective) : Mr. Sharma is the special guest at the function.

(c) Use the following phrases in sentences of your own : one by one, give forth, at large, call away, beat over, call up, bound in.
Answer :
One by one : All the leaves fell from the tree one by one during autumn season. Give forth: He gave forth some money to his friend. At large : The criminals are still at large. Call away: I was called away from the meeting to take an urgent phone call. Beat over: Australia beat over the Indian cricket team. Call up: He called up the doctor. Bound in: The petitioner was bound in an agreement.

(d) Choose the word from the alternatives provided which does not mean the same as the main word :
1. delight.
(a) pleasure (b) transport. (c) enjoy (d) rapture.

2. wise
(a) clever (b) erudite (c) receptive (d) aspire.

3. distinguish
(a) discern (b) make out (c) recognise (d) clarify.
Answer :
1. (b) transport.
2. (d) aspire,
3. (b) make out.

(e) Choose the correct alternative from the given options :
(i) Which of the following is not the proper use of studies :
(a) delight Orefinement (c) ornament (d) ability.

(ii) Which types of people condemn studies : (M.P. 2015)
(a) Icarned WoT cunning (c) well – bred. (d) careless.

(iii) Which of the following is the proper use of studies :
(a) challenging the opinion of others. (b) take the written word as a Gospel truth. (c) find the point for talking (d) balancing conflicting opinions.

(iv) Which types of books can be read through extract :
(a) excellent books, (b) books concerning culture. (c) books concerning important arguments. (d) dhtess important books.

(v) Which sort of books can make a person wise :
(a) books of poetry (b) books of moral philosophy. (c) Wat books of history. (d) books of natural philosophy.

(vi) Who is Schoolmen :
(a) teachers of the school. (b) student of the school. (c) administration of the school. (d) Hy philosophers.

(vii) Which sort of exercise is suitable for the ailments of stomach :
(a) walking (b) riding (c) cycling (d) bowling.
Answer :
(i) (b) refinement,
(ii) (b) cunning,
(iii) (d) balancing conflicting opinions,
(iv) (d) less important books,
(v) (c) books of history,
(vi) (d) philosophers,
(vii) (a) walking.

(f) Complete the following sentences, being careful to choose the correct verb forms:
1. Raina will stay in London for three years if………..
2. She will work overtime it …………….
3. She will take another English Grammar book if.
4. She will move to a better city if…………
5. She will buy another computer if……………
6. Raina would not get to her class if……………
7. You would not pass the examination if……………
8. You cannot get the right reply from the criminal if ….
9. You would not get any letters if…………..
10. Raina would not make good friends if …………
11. Raina will invite Karan if………..
12. Raina will fail in English if………..
13. Raina will go back to America if…………
14. She would lose weight if………….
15. She would need more money than she gets if………..
Answer :
1. She gets visa for that.
2. She gets good salary:
3. It is required.
4. She gets an opportunity
5. She gets a better discount.
6. She fails to catch the bus in time.
7. You did not work hard.
8. You do not threaten him.
9. You did not give your correct address.
10. She did not behave nicely with all.
11. He is in the town.
12. She does not work hard at grammar.
13. She gets an opportunity.
14. She took to dieting.
15. Her brother comes to stay with her.

Question 7.
Following words are used in different meanings in different contexts. See examples and use the given words in sentences of your own in as many contexts as possible :
1. hail,
2. strain,
3. sweet,
4. pine,
5. spirit,
6. still
Answer :
1. Hail : to greet : She hailed me cordially.
Hail : hailstorm : We had to pass through hail and snow.

2. Strain : to make an effort to do something: 1 strained my body to have a glimpse of the cricketer.
Strain : worry, anxiety : Nowadays I am facing great strain.

3. Sweet : testing as if it contains a lot of sugar : This cup of tea is too sweet for me.
Sweet: a small piece of sweet food: I always like to have some sweet dish after meals.

4. Pine: a tall forest tree with leaves like needles : Pine trees are evergreen.
Pine : to become sad : I pined for weeks after may friend had gone abroad.

5. Spirit : courage, determination or energy ; The soldiers showed a tremendous spirit.
Spirit : a strong alcoholic drink ; I have never tasted any spirit.

6. Still : continuing until a particular point in time and not finishing : I am still waiting for him.
Still : calm and quiet, Children cannot remain still.
Still : a photograph taken from a cinema film : That is a still from our family video.

Question. 8.
(a) Some words are almost similar in sound but different in meaning or spelling. They are called ‘Homonyms’.
Example: accept, except.
He accepted my proposal.
Except Mr. Singh, all the teachers attended the meeting.
Now give the meanings of the following words and use them in sentences of your own:
Course : coarse/rever : river.
Answer :
Course : way: Rivers often change their courses during floods.
Coarse : rough : He is putting on coarse clothes.
Rever : to respect: We should rever great men of the world.
River : a large natural stream of water : The Ganga is a holy river.

(b) Synonyms is a words with similar meaning :
As common is a synonym of ordinary’
Now find synonyms of the following words (from the text of the lesson) :
Elated, hard, polite, piousness, clear, continuously.
Answer :
Elated – exalted
Hard – rigorous
Potite – lofty
Piousness – piety
Clear – evident
Continuously – constantly.

(c) Find the word the word form the text for the following expressions :
(i) to bring the light something hidden
(ii) completely
(iii) find out something new
(iv) clearly visible
(v) great respeçt and honour for somebody
(vi) to win over
(vii) to copy or follow some one
(viii) effort or hardwork
(ix) to respect someone.
(x) to cause to change direction.
Answer :
(i) absolutely,
(ii) discover,
(iii) transparent,
(iv) earnest,
(v) overcome,
(vi) emu late,
(vii) rever,
(viii) swerve.

Question. 9. (a) Choose the correct alternative :
1. Gandhi proved his title to be regarded as a Mahatma because :
(i) the people gave him the title of Mahatma
(ii) he was a saint
(iii) he gave up all what he had
(iv) he called himself ‘Alpatma’ and begged his friends not to call him Ma hatma.

2. A man should be judged by: (M.P. 2013)
(i) the opinions he holds
(ii) his conduct and character
(iii) the doctrine he espouses
(iv) The opinion people have of him.

3. Gandhi called himself a sinner because : (M.P. 2012)
(i) he condemned outward lapses.
(ii) he condemned lapses of thought.
(iii) he used to test himself most severly.
(iv) he was a victim of fleeting temptaions.

4. People are great on account of their practice of:
(i) self consciousness
(ii) self assessement
(iii) self examination
(iv) self punishment.

5. Gandhi is called unselfish because :
(i) he devoted some time of his life to the welfare of the community
(ii) he gave a part of his wealth to some objects of public charity
(iii) in every matter and at every moment of his life he lived only for others, thought only for others and worked only for others
(iv) he wore a very coarse Khaddar cloth on his body.
Answer :
1. (iii) He gave up all what he had.
2. (ii) His conduct and character.
3. (iii) He used to test himself most severely
4. (iii) Self – examination.
5. (iii) in every matter and at every moment of his life he lived only for others, thought only for others and worked only for others.

(b) Given below are sentences with would, must, should, ought to and needn’t it. Find the modality of each :
1.“ Would you please lend me your pen?
2. I would rather have a jacket than a coat.
3. Mr. Gautam promised that he would do the work for me.
4. You must not walk in the middle of a road.
5. You need not pay income tax. You are a senior citizen now.
6. They must have caught the train.
7. One must not forget oneself.
8. People should not smoke in public places.
9. Mr. Shukla should have consulted a lawyer.
10. You forget to touch the feet of your grandfather. You ought to have done so.
11. Your neighbour ought to respect your feelings.
12. People ought to stand up when the national anthem is being sung.
13. She needn’t undergo the operation. I will cure her by oral therapy.
14. I didn’t need to wait for the guests. They arrived in time.
Answer :
1. polite request.
2. a liking a wish (with or without ‘like’) in sense of ‘want to’.
3. indirect speech.
4. negative command or order.
5. advise in general with no external obligation.
6. conjecture, strong possibility or certainty.
7. negative command or order.
8. speaker’s personal opinion regarding duty.
9. unfulfilled obligation.
10. obligation.
11. desirability.
12. obligation
13. assurance.
14. fulfilment.

Question 10.
(a) Choose the correct alternative :
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Hughie Erskine’s face :
(a) good books (b) brown hairs (c) grey eyes (d) large ears.

2. Which of the following works Hughie Ershine did not try to earn his living : from :
(a) at work as a professional jester.
(b) work at the stock exchange.
(c) work as a wine merchant.
(d) work as a tea merchant.

3. Which of the following is not an attribute of Trevor’s face :
(a) puckered face.
(b) blue eyes.
(c) rugged bread.
(d) rough exterior.

4. Where was the begger – man placed in the study of Alan Travor when he was being painted :
(a) on a carpet. (b) on a chair. (c) in the corner. (d) on the floor.

5. What was Hughie doing when Baron Hausberg’s messenger came to him with a letter :
(a) having lunch. (b) having a nap. (c) having dinner. (d) having breakfast.

6. Who scolded Hughie for giving a sovereign to a beggar: (M.P. 2012, 15)
(a) Trevor (b) Col. Merton. (c) Laura. (d) None of the above.
Answer :
1. (d) large ears.
2. (a) work as a professional jester.
3. (b) blue eyes.
4. (c) in the corner.
5. (d) having breakfast.
6. (c) Laura.

Q. 11. (a) Give antonyms of the following words:
(i) Light – dark
(ii) Mortal – immortal(M.P. 2012)
(iii) Joy – sorrow
(iv) Day – night
(v) Knowledge – ignorance
(vi) Peace – war
(vii) Might – weakness
(viii) Temporary – permanent.

(b) Make verbs from the following words :
Dark – Darken
(ii) Power – Empower
(iii) Joy – Enjoy.
(iv) Beauty – Beautify
(v) Sweet – Sweeten
(vi) Light – Lighten
(vii) Mortal – Mortalize.

Question 12.
(a) Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
(Memorandum, accrue, render, bequest, impertinent, wagging, entail)
(i) Here is the money. You can spend it as you like. You have to Rendon. an account of the expenditure within a week.
(ii) Keep your money in a bank. It will anal interest.
(iii) This job will?… a lot of hard work. You must think twice before you accept it.
(iv) The dog is …………… its tail. Does it want something?
(v) I have only asked your name, Is it ……………?
(vi) Before dying, the old man left a …………. to each of his two sons.
(vii) He sent a detailed …………. to his boss about the incident.
Answer :
(i) render,
(ii) accrue,
(iii) entail,
(iv) wagging,
(v) impertinent,
(vi) bequest,
(vii) memorandum.

(b) Find words from the text for following expressions :
(i) Afternoon performance of a show,
(ii) Produce books, newspapers etc. printing.
(iii) A building in which horses are kept.
(iv) Cheerfully.
(v) That is suggested indirectly or understood.
(vi) Make an attempt.
(vii) Boredom.
(viii) Take somebody somewhere in a car, taxi etc.
(ix) Showing care for future.
(x) Write or say something formally in careful and clear way.
(xi) Become liquid as a result of heating.
(xii) Care and treatment of hands and hails.
(xiii) Beg or implore.”
(xiv) A piece of fabric or paper used to for cleaning lips and fingers;
(xv) Rest yourself in a chair.
(xvi) A large and dark cave.
(xvii) A collection of valuable things such as gold, silver etc.
(xviii) Try very hard to achieve something.
(xix) A type of material that is made of string, thread or wire woven together.
(xx) Danger.
Answer :
(i) Matinee,
(ii) Publish,
(iii). Ranch,
(iv) Gaily,
(v) Intended,
(vi) Move,
(vii) Offen sive,
(viii) Drive,
(ix) Prudent,
(x) Declare,
(xi) Melt,
(xii) Manicure,
(xiii) Request,
(xiv) Linen,
(xv) Drifted in,
(xiv) Cavern,
(xvii) Poolroom,
(xviii). Disposal,
(xix) Strip,
(xx) Precariousness.

(c) Use the following in sentences of your own :
(i) Pen name : Henry is the pen name of William Sydney Porter.
(ii) Awkward amount : Sudhir’s father had left an awkward amount to him.
(iii) Disposed of: The garbage was disposed of by the scavengers.
(iv) Laid down : There was a condition laid down by her guide.
(v) Took off : The plane took off at the right time.
(vi) Hunted out : The black box of crashed Plane was hunted out by special task force.
(vii) Frowned at : Gillian frowned at Bryson.
(viii) Art gallery : There was antique collection in the art gallery.
(ix) Rabbit – foot : He couldn’t identify the rabbit – foot of his enemy.
(x) Loosen up: Gillian wanted to loosen up his burden.
(xi) Black sheep : His uncle was a black sheep.
(xii) Modus operandi : My father is very practical in his modus operandi.
(xiii) To wag (something) : When the dog saw its owner it began to wag its tail. :
(xiv) To be prudent: Gillian was not at all prudent.
(xv) To repose confidence in : Tolman asked Gillian to repose his confidence in them.

(d) Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentence :
(i) One thousand dollars were given to Gillian on the condition that:
(a) he will spend it in a week,
(b) he will render an account of expenditure,
(c) he will spend it in one lot,
(d) he will not spend it in gambling.

(ii) Gillian said he would have to engage secretary because : (M.P. 2015)
(a) he had a lot of work to do,
(b) he got one thousand dollars,
(c) he wanted to spend the money, dy he had to render an account and he was not good at it.

(iii) O’Henry has compared Bryson’s interest in Gillian’s story with :
(a) Harold Gillian’s grand – daughter,
(b) old Gillian’s ward,
(c) old Gillian’s niece,
(d) old Gillian’s sister.
Answer :
(i) (b),
(ii) (d),
(iii) (a).

(e) Combine the following sentences using one of them as a relative clause :
1. The girls serve in the shop.
The girls are the owner’s daughter.

2. People are trapped in a lift.
The film is about these people.

3. The girls are always complaining about their long hours.
He employs the girls.

4. We saw it.
It astonished us.

5. The ladder began to slip.
I was standing on the ladder.

6. The car broke down after two kilometres.
I hired the car.

7. This is the picture.
The picture caused a lot of controversy.

8. The film is about a spy.
The spy’s wife betrayed him.

9. You need information.
This book will give you the information.

10. She gave me a sweater.
She knitted it herself.
Answer :
1. The girl who serves in the shop is the owner’s daughter.
2. The film is about the people who are trapped in a lift.
3. The girls whom he employs are always complaining about their long hours.
4. What I saw astonished us.
5. The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
6. The car which I hired broke down after two kilometers.
7. This is the picture which caused a lot of controversy.
8. The film is about a spy whose wife betrayed him.
9. This book will give you the information which you need.
10. She gave me a sweater which she knitted herself.

Question 13.
(a) Make noun forms the following verbs using suffixes wherever necessary :
Example :
encompass (verb) : compass (noun)
Initiate, revive, admire, dignify, generate.
Answer :
initiation, revival, admiration, dignity, generation.

(b) Write the noun forms for the following verbs :
Awake, regenerate, contribute, educate, petition.
Answer :
Awakening, regeneration, contribution, education, petitioner.

(c) Make adjectives from the following nouns :
Faith, India, action, intellect, disaster.
Answer :
faithful, Indian, active, intellectual, disastrous.

(d) Antonym of a word is not a negative, but its opposite in meaning, for example : Ugly is the antonym of ‘beautiful’. Now write the antonyms of the following words :
Pure, praise, destruction, falsehood, active, done, immoderate.

(e) Distinguish between the following pairs of words and use them separate sen tences :
For example :
principle, principal
Principal : highest in order of importance.
Her father is the principal Secretary of a school.
Principle : guiding rule or code for behaviour, basic truth of conduct.
A good man must keep up high moral principles.
(i) Moderate,
(ii) moderation/later,
(iii) latter/career,
(iv) carrier/exist,
(v) exit/poli tics,
(vi) political/action,
(vii) active.
Answer :
(i) Moderate (liberal) : There was a group of moderate leaders.
Moderation (modification): Huge moderation is required in this plan.

(ii) Later (towards the end of): Later he switched to a different career.
Latter (mentioned after another): Of the two proposals the letter was better.

(iii) Career (profession) : He opted for teaching as his career.
Carrier (a person or thing carrying something) : Truck is a public carrier.

(iv) Exist (to be present) : Ghosts do not exist.
Exit (a way out) : There was no emergency exit in that building.

(v) Politics (political affairs) : I don’t like politics.
Political (of or involving politics): He has political inclinations.

(vi) Action (the process of doing something) : He is a man of action.
Active (energetic) : Nehru was very active in politics.

Choose the correct alternative :

1. Sister Nivedita was born in (M.P. 2013)
(a) England
(b) New Zealand
(c) London
(d) Ireland.

2. According to Sister Nivedita schooling and education should be planned for :
(a) women only
(b) the present and next generation
(c) the present generation only
(d) men and women separately.

3. Aggressive type of politics means :
(a) moderate politics
(b) petitioner’s politics
(c) non – violent way of politics
(d) politics of forceful revolution.

4. Nivedita wanted to see India educated on :
(a) ancient lines :
(b) national lines
(c) moderate lines
(d) western lines.

5. Women in India, according to her, were :
(a) coward and docile :
(b) illiterate and backward Wey gentle and dignified
(d) awakened and conscious of their rights.
Answer :
1. (d),
2. (b),
3. (d),
4. (b),
5. (c).

(g) Given below are sentences with the use of ‘used to’, ‘had to’, ‘has to’, ‘will have to’,, shall have to’ and ‘daren’t. Underline the modals used and find the modality expressed by cach :
1. India used to be under British domination up to 15th August, 1947.
2. My sister had to give up her job after her marriage.
3. She used to go to her office on foot.
4. I have to submit the homework tomorrow.
5. A coward daren’t face his own conscience.
6. I advised her, “You had better get it typed”.
7. You don’t have to do it again and again.
8. Indian workmen have to work in very poor conditions at work places.
9. I will have to give up my claim. I have lost my case.
10. I hardly dared take bath in the morning during the months winter.
Answer :
Modals – Modality expressed
1. Used to : Habitual action of the past.
2. Had to : Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
3. Used to : Discontinued habitual action of the past.
4. Have to : Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
5. daren’t to : Lack of courage in doing something.
6. had : better choice.
7. Have to : Without compulsion.
8. Have to Some act done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
9. Have to : Done under compulsion or under the force of a circumstance.
10. Hardly dared : Semi – negative.

Question 14. Give antonyms of the following words :
squeezed, blare, concentrate, swallow, pacifying, living, free, praise, forgetfulness.
Answer :

Squeezed – stretched
Blare – whisper
Concentrate – baffles
Swallow – Spit
Pacifying – provocative
Living – dead
Free – captive
Praise – ridicule
Forgetfulness – memory.

Question 15.
(a) Make meaningful sentences with the following phrases :
Answer :
pass away : He passes away his time leisurely.
at ease : I do not feel at easy with him.
in good humour : I always find my partner in good humour.
acquiesce in : A do not acquiesce in his decision.
go on : What’s going on nowadays?
approve of : Do you approve of my action?

(b) Give antonyms of the following:
Country – city
Pleasure – displeasure
Ancient – modern
Dependent – independent
Approve – disapprove.

(c) Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives :
1. Where did the writer go with Sir Roger
(a) guest house
(b) country – house
(c) farm house
(d) country club.

2. What, according to Sir Roger, did the writer hate most :
(a) being stared at
(b) being talked about
(c) being ordered about
(d) none of the above.

3. Which of the following is the reason why the servants never thought of leaving Sir Roger’s service:
(a) Sir Roger never visited his country house
(b) He was the best master in the world surely.
(c) He was very painstaking.
(d) He was very inconsiderate.

4. Why does Sir Roger show much tenderness and consideration towards the old dog :
(a) because he had grown old with the dog
(b) because the dog belonged to his father
(c) beaduse the dog belonged to his wife
(d) because of the past service of the dog.

5. In whose care was the author put when he visited the country – house of Sir Roger : (M.P. 2015)
(a) butler
(b) valet de chamber
(c) groom
(d) coachman.

6. We are told that one of the domestics of Roger lived with him for thirty years.

Who is that man :
(a) The groom
(b) The chaplain
(c) The coachman
(d) The valet de chambre.

7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Chaplain :
(a) clear voice
(b) sociable temper
(c) ability to play backgammon
(d) carping behaviour.

8. Sir Roger wanted the Chaplain to deliver sermons every week. What sort of sermons he wanted the Chaplain to deliver :
(a) sermons written by Sir Roger
(b) sermons written by Addison
(c) sermons written by famous Divines
(d) sermons written by Chaplain.

9. “There has not been a lawsuit in the parish since he has lived among them.”
Who is the “he” of the statement :
(a) Addison
(b) Sir Roger
(c) The Butler
(d) The Chaplain.

10. Match the person in column.
‘A’ with their characteristics in column ‘B’:
‘A’ – ‘B’
(i) groom – (a) humorist
(ii) coachman – (b) grave person
(iii) Chaplain – (c) A humorist
(iv) Sir Roger – (d) A venerable man.
Answer :
1. (b),
2. (a),
3. (b),
4. (d),
5, (a),
6. (b),
7. (c),
8. (c),
9. (d),

10. (i) (b),
(ii) (c),
(iii) (d),
(iv) (a).

Question 16.
Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the statements :
1. Rani is angry with Mirabai because :
(a) She is not behaving as a wife should behave
(b) She is bringing shame on the house of Mewar
(c) She spends too much time with priests and in worshipping Lord Krishna
(d) She disobeys Rani.

2. Rani wants Rana Sanga to order Mirabai to worship Durga because :
(a) Durga is the customary goddess of the royal house
(b) She doesn’t like Lord Krishna
(c) She wants Mirabai to change her decision
(d) All the above.

3. Mirabai thinks herself, “a little better than a captive’ because :
(a) She wants freedom in practicing her faith
(b) She feels hindered in performing her duty
(c) She keeps all the secrets close to her heart
(d) All the above.

4. Jaimall is worried about Mirabai because :
(a) Mirabai has poor relationship with Rana Sanga and Rani
(b) He is close relative of Mirabai
(c) He is afraid of Rana Sanga
(d) He doesn’t like Prince Bhojraja.
Answer :
1. (c),
2. (d),
3. (d),
4. (a).

Question 17.
(a) Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words given below:(Use the words in their correct form) (vicious, indignity, malice, resort to, diminish, gloomy, trembling, forbid, condemn)
(i) The assaults of the boss were ………………. upon Rajesh.
(ii) He sat at the window in a sad and ………………. mood.
(iii) He had ……………… towards none.
(iv) The law ………………. smoking at public places.
(v) The size of a candle …………….. as the flame burns.
(vi) The old man could hardly hold the stick in his … ………….. hands.
(vii) He was over – burdened with liabilities. He had to ……………….borrowing money,
(viii) Everyone ………………. the meanness of Amar.
(ix) Rajesh was treated with ……………… by his colleagues.
Answer :
(i) vicious,
(ii) gloomy,
(iii) malice,
(iv) forbids,
(v) diminishes,
(vi) trembling,
(vii) resort to,
(viii) condemned,
(ix) indignity.

(b) Explain the meanings of the following idioms :
(i) let (something) slip from one’s finger – to lose something.
(ii) (bring) bad luck on (somebody) – to cause unfavorable situation for someone.
(iii) at length – distant
(iv) out of the question – impossible.
(v) to set one’s heart on (something) – to decide.
(vi) go to great lengths – to keep distance.
(vii) a bed of nails – troublesome.
(viii) at all – completely.

Question 18.
Find the words in the play “The Dear Departed’ that mean :
(i) window shades.
(ii) go about seeking pleasure.
(iii) tiny particle.
(iv) steal.
(v) without any sign of feeling.
(vi) move without attracting attention.
(vii) push sharply with a stick or something pointed.
(viii) a senseless behaviour.
Answer :
(i) blinds,
(ii) gallivant,
(iii) speak,
(iv) pinch,
(v) impassive,
(vi) skip,
(vii) poke,
(viii) tomfoolery.

Question 19.
(a) Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
(descent, surly, conventions, vandalism, malicious, amenable, memento, mortgage, imposter, headlong)

(i) Young boys enjoy flouting ……………… these days.
(ii) I have applied to the bank for a ………………. on my house.
(iii) I bought a statuette as a ………………. on my trip to Khajuraho.
(iv) He spread ………………. gossip against me.
(v) Everyman in that locality is proud of his royal ……….
(vi) Look at that man. He is not a real constable. He is a …………..
(vii) The boy is……………… He won’t listen to anybody’s advice.
(viii) She was very ………………. to my idea of leaving the house.
(ix) The man glanced me with a ………………. look. I did not like it.
(x) The boy died in the hospital due to the doctors negligence. The next day it became the target of irate crowd’s
Answer :
(i) conventions,
(ii) mortgage,
(iii) memento,
(iv) malicious,
(v) descent,
(vi) imposter,
(vii) head strong,
(viii) amenable,
(ix) surly,
(x) vandalism.

(b) Fill in the blanks choosing from those given below :
earnestly, incredulously, scoundrel, convict, benefactor.
(i) The ………………. had been wronged by the society.
(ii) The Bishop ………………. desired to help the poor.
(iii) The convict shook his head ………………. at the Bishops’s kind behaviour.
(iv) Persome considered the convict a ………..
(v) The Bishop’s ultimately proved to be the convict’s.
Answer :
(i) convict,
(ii) earnestly,
(iii) incredulously,
(iv) scoundrel,
(v) benefactor.

(c) Study the text to locate the antonyms of the given words :
(easy, human, open, reluctance, distress).
Answer :
easy : restless
human : beast
open : shut
reluctance : eamestness
distress : comfort.

(d) Make sentences using the following words :
estate, chatter, glare, track, convent
Answer :
Estate : He was inherited a big estate from his uncle.
Chatter : Do not chatter in class.
Glare : The teacher glared at the students.
Track : The hilly track was difficult to move on.
Convent : Mother Teresa was a member of a convent.

Question 20.
(a) Frame sentences to distinguish the following pairs of words :
(i) read : red
read : I read only good books.
red : My favourite colour is red.

(ii) too : two : to
too : The bag is too expensive.
two : I have tow pens.
to : He went to the movie.

(iii) one : won
one : He is a one eyed – man.
won : The team won the match.

(iv) pale : pail
pale : His face became pale out of fear.
pail : He fetched a pail of water.

(v) blue : blew
blue : The colour of her dress is blue.
blew : The strong wind blew in the evening.

(vi) scent : sent
scent : I like the scent of this deodorant.
sent: I have sent a letter to the ministry.

(vii) stair : stare
stair : The old man could not mount the stairs.
stare : They stare at me.

(viii) price : prize
price : What is the price of this car.
prize : I got a prize for achieving good marks in the examinations.

(ix) ghastly : ghostly
ghastly : He was murdered ghastly.
ghostly : There was a ghostly sound in the vicinity.
sweet : sweat
sweet : She has got a sweet nature.
sweat : Excess of sweating is not good.

(b) Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’:
‘A’ – “B’
exert – a large farm for raising horses, cattle or sheep
ranch – repeated short high sounds
trills – work hard
hail – to call, to greet, to attract attention.
Answer :
A’ – ‘B’
exert – work hard
ranch – a large farm for raising horses, cattle or sheep
trills – repeated short high sounds
hail – to call, to greet, to attract attention.

MP Board Class 11th Special English Important Questions

The Limits of Knowledge Question Answer Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 2 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge Questions and Answers

The Limits of Knowledge Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

Question 1.
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.
[शब्दों का उनके अर्थों से मिलान करो।।.
Answer:
1 +4,2+ 1,3+5,4+2,5+6.6 + 3.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
[निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक या दो वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Question 1.
In what kind of scholarship did King Bhoj believe? (2012)
राजा भोज किस तरह के पाण्डित्य में विश्वास करते थे ?
Answer:
King Bhoj believed in that kind of scholarship which strives relentlessly to extend the limits of human knowledge
जो मानवीय ज्ञान की सीमाओं को बढ़ाने में निरन्तर संघर्षरत हो।

Question 2.
What caused the king and scholar to lose their way?
राजा तथा विद्वान मार्ग क्यों भटक गये ?
Answer:
They lost their way because they were deeply immersed in literary and philosophical discussion
वे मार्ग से भटक गये क्योंकि वे साहित्यिक तथा दार्शनिक चर्चा में डूबे हुए थे।

Question 3.
What did the king and the scholar ask the old woman ?
राजा और विद्वान ने बूढ़ी औरत से क्या पूछा ?
Answer:
They asked the old woman to tell them where that road went.
उन्होंने पूछा कि वह रास्ता कहाँ जाता था।

Question 4.
What did she reply ? उसने क्या जवाब दिया ?
Answer:
She said that the road did not go anywhere but stayed where it was. It was only the people who walked on it went somewhere.
उसने कहा कि रास्ता कहीं नहीं जाता, वहीं रहता है। केवल वे लोग जो उस पर चलते हैं, वे कहीं जाते हैं।

Question 5.
Who are the two guests according to the old woman ? (2014)
बूढ़ी औरत के अनुसार दो अतिथि कौन हैं ?
Answer:
According to the old woman the two guests are wealth and youth.
धन और यौवन दो अतिथि हैं।

Question 6.
Who are Indra and Yama? (2013, 15)
इन्द्र और यम कौन है ?
Answer:
Indra and Yama are the two kings. Indra is the king of Gods while Yama is the king of death.
इन्द्र और यम राजा हैं। इन्द्र देवताओं के राजा हैं तथा यम मृत्यु के देवता हैं।

Question 7.
Who are the two Sadhus?
दो साधु कौन हैं ?
Answer:
The two Sadhus are modesty and contentment.
विनम्रता और सन्तोष दो साधु हैं।

Question 8.
How would you define the word ‘pardesi’?
‘परदेसी’ शब्द को तुम किस प्रकार परिभाषित करोगे?
Answer:
Pardesi is a person who comes to a new country or town.
वह व्यक्ति जो किसी नए देश या गाँव आता है।

Question 9.
Who are the two defeated in the world? (2008, 09)
संसार में दो हारे हुए व्यक्ति कौन है ?
Answer:
The two defeated men are a man burdened with debt and the father of a girl who hasn’t got good qualities.
कर्ज के बोझ से दबा हुआ व्यक्ति और सद्गुण रहित लड़की का पिता।

Question 10.
Why did the old woman pretend not to know them ?
बूढ़ी औरत ने उन्हें न पहचानने का नाटक क्यों किया ? (2011)
Answer:
According to the woman the king and his companion had become too proud of their wealth and learning. Hence she pretended not to know them in order to bring them down to earth.

बूढ़ी औरत के अनुसार, राजा तथा उसके साथी को अपनी दौलत तथा जोत का दम्भ हो गया था। इसलिए उन्हें जमीन पर लाने के लिए उसने उन्हें न पहचानने का नाटक किया।

B. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों का तीन या चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।।

Question 1.
King Bhoj was a learned man. On what basis would you support this statement ? (2009, 10)
राजा भोज विद्वान व्यक्ति थे। इस वाक्य की पुष्टि आप किस आधार पर करेंगे ?
Answer:
He was well versed in sculpture, architecture, science and engineering. Apart from these he was well-versed in astrology, music as well as theatre. He also used to delve deep into the highest questions of ethics and philosophy.

वे मूर्तिकला, वास्तुकला, विज्ञान, यान्त्रिकी, ज्योतिष, विज्ञान, संगीत तथा नाट्यकला के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। वे नीतिशास्त्र तथा दर्शनशास्त्र के प्रश्नों में गहरे उतर जाते थे।

Question 2.
Why in your opinion did the old woman describe wealth and youth as guests? (2014)
आपके विचार से बूढ़ी औरत ने दौलत और यौवन को अतिथि क्यों कहा?
Answer:
Guests come and stay for a short time. They don’t come to stay permanently. Both youth and wealth do not stay with a person permanently. They come and depart after some time. Hence, the old woman described them as guests.

अतिथि कुछ समय के लिए आते हैं, हमेशा के लिए नहीं। दौलत और यौवन दोनों ही किसी व्यक्ति के साथ हमेशा नहीं रहते। वे आते हैं और कुछ समय बाद चले जाते हैं। इसलिए बूढ़ी औरत ने उन्हें अतिथि कहा।

Question 3.
“Only the soul and the leaf ofatree can be Pardesi.” Justily the statement in your own words.
“केवल आत्मा और पेड़ की पत्ती ही परदेसी हैं।” इस कथन का अपने शब्दों में समर्थन कीजिए।
Answer:
The soul of a person enters his body at the time of his birth and leaves it at the time of his death. Similarly, the leaf of a tree sprouts on its branch, stays on for some time and then falls on the ground. It also stays on the tree for some time. Hence, both of them, the soul and the leaf can be treated as Pardesi.

किसी व्यक्ति की आत्मा उसके शरीर में उसके जन्म के समय प्रवेश करती है तथा उसकी मृत्यु के समय वापस जाकर समष्टि में समा जाती है। इसी प्रकार पेड़ की पत्ती उसकी शाखा पर उगती है, कुछ समय साथ रहने के बाद जमीन पर गिर जाती है। अत: दोनों को परदेसी कहा जा सकता है।

Question 4.
The old woman wanted to teach the king and his scholar a lesson. Did she succeed ? Explain.
बूढ़ी औरत राजा तथा उसके साथी को सबक सिखाना चाहती थी। क्या वह सफल हुई ? समझाओ।
Answer:
The king and his scholar companion were very learned men. They had become proud of their learning. The old woman wanted to teach them a lesson and hence went on asking them searching questions as well as counter their answers. In the end they realised their mistake and the old woman succeeded in bringing them down to earth.

राजा तथा उसका साथी विद्वान व्यक्ति थे। उन्हें अपने ज्ञान पर घमण्ड था। बूढ़ी औरत उन्हें सबक सिखाना चाहती थी और इसीलिए प्रत्युत्तर में उनसे खोजपूर्ण प्रश्न पूछती जा रही थी तथा उनके उत्तरों का प्रतिकार भी करती जा रही थी। अन्त में उन्हें अपने गलती का अहसास हुआ और बूढ़ी औरत उन्हें जमीन पर लाने में सफल हो गयी।

Question 5.
How did the king and the scholar feel at the end of the story? राजा तथा विद्वान को कहानी के अन्त में कैसा लग रहा था ?
Answer:
The old woman caught them on the wrong foot when they asked her where the road went. Hence she started asking them searching questions as well as ridiculing their answers. With this approach of hers, they slowly became desperate and at the end threw up their hands in despair

जब राजा तथा विद्वान ने बूढी औरत से पूछा कि रास्ता कहाँ जाता है तो बूढ़ी औरत को मौका मिल गया उनके ज्ञानी होने का घमण्ड चूर-चूर करने का तथा उसने बेतुके प्रश्न पूछना तथा उनके द्वारा दिए गए उत्तरों का मजाक बनाना और उन्हें गलत साबित करना शुरू कर दिया। इस तरह वे धीरे-धीरे हताश हो गए और अन्त में निराश होकर उन्होंने हथियार डाल दिये।

Question 6.
Why did the woman decide to bring the king and the scholar to earth ?
बूढ़ी औरत ने राजा तथा विद्वान को जमीन पर लाने का निश्चय क्यों किया ?
Ans.
From their behaviour the old woman concluded that they had become proud of their wealth and learning. This wasn’t good for them, particularly for the king because that would have harmed the interests of the people of his kingdom. So she decided to teach them a lesson and bring them down to their senses.

उनके व्यवहार से बूढ़ी औरत ने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि उन्हें अपनी दौलत तथा अपने ज्ञान का घमण्ड हो गया है। यह उनके लिए, खासतौर से राजा के लिए अच्छा नहीं था क्योंकि इससे उसके राज्य के लोगों की हानि होती। इसलिए उसने उन्हें सबक सिखाने का निश्चय किया।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।]

B. Read the passage and underline the articles a/an and the.
अनुच्छेद को पढ़कर a/an और the को रेखांकित कीजिए।।
Answer:
My friend is an architect. After graduation she took up a job with a multinational company. The job takes her all over the country. It is extremely interesting. At the moment, she is looking for a new job
because the travelling is getting very tiresome.

C. Insert a/an or the in the blank spaces.
la/an or the से खाली स्थान भरो।
Answer:

an
the
a, a, the, the
a
a, the, an, the
a
a
a
a
the.

D. Identify the following as normally countable [C] or uncountable
[U]. Add at least five more items to each type.
Countable या uncountable पहचानो। प्रत्येक प्रकार के पाँच और जोड़ो।]
Answer:
MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge 1

E. Fill in the blanks with correct determiners given :
Determiners से रिक्त स्थान भरो।।
Answer:

a
some
the, the
one
some
some
the
a, a, an
some
a, the.

F. Insert ‘some’ or ‘any’ where required .
“some’ और ‘any’ उचित जगह भरो।
Answer:

some
any
any
some, any
some
any
any
some, any
some, any
some.

G Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ or ‘many’ as required.
I’much’ और ‘many’ से रिक्त स्थान भरो।।
Answer:

much
many
many
much
much
much
many
many.

The Limits of Knowledge Summary in Hindi

राजा भोज देवी सरस्वती के उपासक थे। उनका विश्वास ऐसे पाण्डित्य में नहीं था जो पुस्तकों में छुपा रहे, वे तो ऐसी विद्वता में विश्वास रखते थे जो मानवीय ज्ञान की सीमाओं को बढ़ाने के लिए निरन्तर संघर्षरत हो। उनके दरबार में सबसे अधिक सम्मान दिया जाता था पाण्डित्य को तथा उसको प्राप्त करने के लिए निरन्तर प्रयत्नशील व्यक्तियों को। वे स्वयं भाषा, व्याकरण, कविता, मूर्तिकला, वास्तुकला, ज्योतिष विज्ञान, संगीत, नाट्यकला तथा नीतिशास्त्र के महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रश्नों तथा दर्शनशास्त्र के प्रकाण्ड पण्डित थे। एक दिन वे पड़ोसी राज्य के एक अत्यन्त पढ़े-लिखे विद्वान के साथ ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में धूम रहे थे। घूमते समय वे दोनों साहित्यिक एवं दार्शनिक चर्चा में डूबे हुए थे। इसके कारण वे रास्ता भूल गये। एक ऐसे गाँव में आकर जहाँ एक बूढ़ी औरत अपने खेत की देखभाल कर रही थी, वे रुके और उससे पूछा,
“सम्मानीय माता जी, यह रास्ता कहाँ जाता है ?”
“यह रास्ता कहीं नहीं जाता, यह तो यहीं रहता है। केवल वे व्यक्ति जो इस पर चलते हैं वे कहीं जाते हैं। अतः मुझे बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
“हम लोग यात्री है। उन्होंने उत्तर दिया।
वह बूढ़ी औरत मुस्कुराई। “यात्री तो मात्र दो हैं-सूर्य और चन्द्रमा। तुम मुझे सच-सच बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
“बहन, हम लोग अतिथि है।” विद्वान पुरुष ने कहा।
“अतिथि तो मात्र दो हैं-एक धन और दूसरा यौवन। अब मुझे बताओ कि तुम इनमें से कौन हो ?” बूढ़ी औरत ने कहा।
“हम राजा हैं।” राजा भोज ने कहा।
“राजा तो मात्र दो हैं एक इन्द्र (देवताओं के राजा) और दूसरे यम (मृत्यु के देवता) अब मुझे बताओं कि तुम इनमें से कौन हो ?” बूढ़ी औरत ने पूछ।
अब राजा भोज तथा उनके साथी विस्मित थे। “हम…….. हम दोनों महान् योग्यता वाले व्यक्ति हैं।” उन्होंने कहा।
“महान् योग्यता वाले तो केवल दो हैं-एक पृथ्वी और दूसरी स्त्री, किन्तु तुम तो इनमें से नहीं दिखाई देते।
अब बोलो तुम कौन हो ?”
“बहन हम साधु हैं।” राजा भोज ने निराश होते हुए कहा।
“तुम मुझे साधु के समान तो दिखाई नहीं देते।” उस औरत ने असहमति से सिर हिलाते हुए कहा।
“फिर भी साधु तो केवल दो हैं।” उसने कहा, एक विनम्रता और दूसरा सन्तोष।” अब विद्वान व्यक्ति ने साहस बटोरा और कहा,” बहन, हम लोग परदेसी है।” किन्तु उस औरत को यह कुछ मंजूर नहीं था, “परदेसी तो तुम नहीं हो।” उसने कहा।
केवल आत्मा और पेड़ की पत्ती ही परदेसी हो सकती हैं। अब बताओ कि तुम कौन हो ?”
उस औरत के विस्मयकारी उत्तरों के सामने राजा और उनके विद्वान साथी को शब्द मिलना कठिन हो रहा था। ____ अब कुछ कहने की साथी विद्वान की बारी थी, ” बहन हम चतुर हैं।” उन्होंने कहा।
“इस संसार में चतुर तो केवल दो चीजें है अन्न और पानी। तुम इनमें से कौन हो?” बूढ़ी औरत ने जवाबी प्रहार किया।
इस पर राजा भोज और उनके विद्वान अतिथि ने कराहते हुए कहा, हम लोग हार गये।”
“इस संसार में केवल दो हारे हुए व्यक्ति हैं।” उस औरत ने कहा, “एक कर्ज के बोझ से दबा हुआ व्यक्ति और दूसरा सद्गुण रहित लड़की का पिता। तुम मुझे ईमानदारी से क्यों नहीं बताते कि तुम कौन हो ?”
निराश होकर अपने हाथ उठाते हुए राजा भोज तथा विद्वान व्यक्ति ने कहा, “हम क्या कहें बहन ? सच्चाई तो यह है कि हम कुछ नहीं जानते। तुम हो जो सब जानती हो।” __इन शब्दों पर उस बूढ़ी औरत के चेहरे पर मुस्कान बिखर गई और वह गम्भीर हो गई। उसने शान्त तथा सौम्य स्वर में कहा, “तुम दोनों को अपनी दौलत तथा ज्ञान का दम्भ हो गया था। मुझे शुरू से ही पता था कि तुम राजा भोज हो और यह तुम्हारे विन अतिथि। तुम्हें वापस पृथ्वी पर लाने का यह मेरा अपना तरीका था। इस रास्ते पर जाओ।” उसने इशारा किया, “यह वापस घर जाने का मार्ग है।”
राजा भोज और उनके विद्वान अतिथि उस बढ़ी औरत के समाने नतमस्तक हो गये जिसने उनकी कमियाँ उजागर करके उनकी आँखें खोल दी थीं। घर वापस जाते समय उनके पास सोचने को बहुत कुछ था। – शारदा बेल

The Limits of Knowledge Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 2 The Limits of Knowledge 2

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions

The Wise Judge Question Answer Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 12 MP Board

February 10, 2025February 9, 2025 by Bhagya

Class 11 English The Spectrum Chapter 12 The Wise Judge Questions and Answers

The Wise Judge Class 11th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Add the suffix ‘logue’ to the following :
निम्नलिखित में ‘logue’ प्रत्यय को जोड़ो।
Answer:

monologue
dialogue
prologue
epilogue
travelogue.

B. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B :
कॉलम A के शब्दों का कॉलम B में दिये गये अर्थों से मिलान करो।
Answer:
1+ 5, 2 + 3,3+2,4 + 1,5+ 4.

Comprehension

A Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों का उत्तर एक या दो वाक्यों में दीजिए।

Scene : 1

Question 1.
Who was Mustafa ? (2009, 10, 15)
मुस्तफा कौन थे?
Answer:
Mustafa was the Caliph of Baghdad.
मुस्तफा बगदाद के खलीफा थे।

Question 2.
According to All, what did the law say ?
अली के कथनानुसार, कानून क्या था ?
Answer:
According to Ali, the law said that you should not only give alms to your brothers but also help them as much as you could
अली के कथनानुसार, कानून कहता था कि तुम्हें न केवल अपने भाइयों को भिक्षा देनी चाहिए बल्कि उनकी जितनी मदद कर सकते हो करनी चाहिए।

Question 3.
Why did Mustafa agree to take the case to the judge ? (2008, 09, 14, 15, 16)
मुस्तफा मामले को न्यायाधीश के सामने ले जाने को क्यों तैयार हो गये ?
Answer:
Mustafa agreed because he thought it was a good opportunity to test the wisdom of the judge.
मुस्तफा इसलिए राजी हो गया क्योंकि उनके विचार से यह न्यायाधीश की बुद्धिमानी की परीक्षा का एक अच्छा अवसर था।

Scene : 2

Question 4.
For whom did the farmer and the writer quarrel ?
किसान और लेखक का झगड़ा किसको लेकर था ?
Answer:
They quarrelled for the ownership of the slave.
किसान और लेखक का झगड़ा गुलाम को लेकर था।

Question 5.
What were the butcher and the oil merchant quarrelling about?
कसाई और तेल के व्यापारी का झगड़ा किसको लेकर था ?
Answer:
They were quarrelling about the money.
वे पैसों को लेकर झगड़ रहे थे।

Scene : 3 and 4

Question 6.
Whom did the judge decide to give the slave to ?
न्यायाधीश ने गुलाम को किसका देने का फैसला किया ?
Answer:
He decided to give the slave to the writer.
उसने गुलाम को लेखक को देने का फैसला किया।

Question 7.
What punishment was given to the farmer?
किसान को क्या सजा दी गई?
Answer:
The farmer was given fifty blows.
किसान को पचास थप्पड़ मारे जाने की सजा मिली।

Scene : 5

Question 8.
Why was Mustafa surprised at the judgements?
मुस्तफा फैसलों पर आश्चर्यचकित क्यों थे ?
Answer:
Mustafa was surprised because all his judgements were just.
मुस्तफा इसलिए आश्चर्यचकित थे क्योंकि सभी फैसले उचित थे।

Question 9.
Who did the horse turn towards ?:
घोड़ा किसकी ओर मुड़ा ?
Answer:
The horse turned towards Mustafa.
घोड़ा मुस्तफा की तरफ मुड़ा।

Question 10.
How was the judge honoured by Mustafa ?
मुस्तफा के द्वारा न्यायाधीश का कैसा सम्मान किया गया ?
Answer:
Mustafa made the office of the judge highest in the land, next to his own.
मुस्तफा ने उसके पद को देश का सर्वोच्च पद, उनके स्वयं के पद के बाद बना दिया।

B. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
इन प्रश्नों का तीन या चार वाक्यों में उत्तर दीजिए।।

Scene : 1

Question 1.
Why did Mustafa dress himself like a common man ? (2008, 13)
मुस्तफा ने आम आदमियों जैसे कपड़े क्यों पहने थे?
Answer:
Mustafa had heard about the wisdom of the judge. He wanted an opportunity to test it. So he dressed like a common man in order to hide his identity.

मुस्तफा ने न्यायाधीश की बुद्धिमानी के बारे में सुना था। वह उसको परखने का मौका चाहता था। इसलिए उसने आम आदमी के समान कपड़े पहन रखे थे ताकि उसकी पहचान उजागर न हो।

Question 2.
Why did Ali refuse to get down the horse? अली ने घोड़े से उतरने से क्यों इन्कार कर दिया ?
Answer:
Ali was a poor beggar. He was lame also. So he wanted to claim the ownership of the horse.
अली एक गरीब भिखारी था। वह लँगड़ा भी था। अत: वह उस घोड़े का मालिक होने का दावा करना चाहता था।

Scene : 2

Question 3.
What did the writer say to the judge ?
लेखक ने न्यायाधीश से क्या कहा ?
Answer:
He said that the boy was his slave. He had taught the boy to be very useful to him. The farmer had stolen the boy last week.

उसने कहा कि वह लड़का उसका गुलाम था। उसने उस लड़के को अपने यहाँ काम करना सिखाया था। किसान ने उस लड़के को पिछले हफ्ते चुरा लिया था।

Question 4.
Write in your own words the butcher’s version of his quarrel with the oil merchant.
तेल के व्यापारी से हुए झगड़े के बारे में कसाई के बयान को अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त करो।
Answer:
The butcher went to the oil merchant to buy some oil. He took out some money from his pocket in order to pay for the oil. The sight of the money tempted the merchant and he tried to snatch the money from the butcher.

कसाई, तेल के व्यापारी से तेल खरीदने गया था। तेल के पैसे देने के लिए उसने कुछ पैसे अपनी जेब से निकाले। पैसों को देखकर तेल के व्यापारी के मन में लालच उत्पन्न हो गया और उसने कसाई से पैसों को झपटना चाहा।

Question 5.
How did the oil merchant plead his case ?
तेल के व्यापारी ने अपने मामले की कैसे पैरवी की ?
Answer:
This man came to buy some oil. When I gave back his jar he wanted change for a gold coin. When I put some money on the barrel of oil he snatched them and wanted to run away. At that time I caught hold of his wrist.

यह आदमी मेरे यहाँ तेल खरीदने आया था। जब मैंने इसका डिब्या इसे दिया तो इसने एक सोने के सिक्के का खुदरा चाहा। मैंने जैसे ही कुछ पैसे तेल के पीपे पर रखे यह उन्हें लेकर भागने लगा। तब मैंने इसकी कलाई पकड़ ली।

Question 6.
What was Mustafa’s complaint to the judge ?
न्यायाधीश से मुस्तफा ने क्या शिकायत की ?
Answer:
He said that he had come from a distant place to the city. At the gate of the city he met this lame beggar who asked for alms in the name of Allah and then wanted a ride to the market place. On reaching the market he refused to get off and started claiming the ownership of the horse.

उसने कहा कि वह एक दूरस्थ स्थान से शहर आया था। शहर के दरवाजे पर उसे यह लँगड़ा भिखारी मिला जिसने अल्लाह के नाम पर भीख चाही फिर बाजार तक घोड़े पर बैठकर चलना चाहा। बाजार आने पर इसने उतरने से इन्कार किया और घोड़े पर मालिकाना हक जताने लगा।

Question 7.
What did the judge say at the end of the day? दिन की समाप्ति पर न्यायाधीश ने क्या कहा ?
Answer:
The judge asked Mustafa and Ali to leave the horse and go. He also asked them to come the next day. He told the officer that he will hear the cases the next day.

न्यायाधीश ने मुस्तफा और अली को घोड़ा वहीं छोड़कर जाने को कहा। उन्होंने उनसे अगले दिन फिर आने को भी कहा। उन्होंने अधिकारी से कहा कि वे सारे मुकदमे अगले दिन सुनेंगे।

Scene : 3-4

Question 8.
What was the judge’s decision in the case of the butcher and the oil merchant ? What punishment did he decide for the oil merchant?
कसाई और तेल के व्यापारी के मामले में न्यायाधीश का फैसला क्या था ? उन्होंने तेल के व्यापारी के लिए क्या सज़ा निश्चित की ?
Answer:
He decided that the money belonged to the butcher. The oil merchant had no claim on it. He also decided that the oil merchant be given forty lashes as punishment for his dishonesty.

उन्होंने फैसला दिया कि पैसे कसाई के हैं। तेल के व्यापारी का उन पर कोई हक नहीं हैं। तेल के व्यापारी को उसकी बेईमानी के लिए चालीस कोड़े मारे जाने की सजा भी दी।

Question 9.
What did the judge ask Mustafa and Ali to do?
न्यायाधीश ने मुस्तफा और अली से क्या करने को कहा ?
Answer:
He asked Mustafa and Ali to come with him to the stable. Then he first asked Mustafa to go and identify his horse. Then he asked Ali to go and identify the horse.

उन्होंने मुस्तफा और अली को अपने साथ अस्तबल तक आने को कहा। फिर उन्होंने पहले मुस्तफा को जाकर अपना घोड़ा पहचानने के लिए कहा। फिर उन्होंने अली से जाकर घोड़ा पहचानने को कहा।

Scene : 5

Question 10.
How did the judge decide the case of the writer and the farmer?
न्यायाधीश ने लेखक और किसान के मामले में किस आधार पर फैसला दिया ?
Answer:
He called the slave and by signs asked him to put ink in his inkstand. The slave did it quickly and carefully. This made him conclude that the slave belonged to the writer.

उन्होंने गुलाम को बुलाकर इशारे से उसे अपनी दवात में स्याही डालने को कहा। उसने यह बहुत जल्दी और सावधानीपूर्वक कर दिया। इस पर न्यायाधीश न निष्कर्ष निकाला कि गुलाम लेखक का था।

Question 11.
How did the judge come to know that the oil merchant was guilty?
न्यायाधीश ने यह कैसे जाना कि तेल का व्यापारी गुनाहगार था ?
Answer:
He put the money in a jug filled with water. Next morning he found no drops of oil on the surface of water. This made him conclude that the money did not belong to the oil merchant.

उन्होंने उन पैसों को पानी से भरे एक जग में डाल दिया। सुबह पानी की सतह पर तेल की बूंदे नहीं दिखी। इससे उन्होंने निष्कर्ष निकाला कि पैसे तेल के व्यापारी के नहीं

Question 12.
Justify the title of the lesson ‘The Wise Judge’. (2009, 16)
पाठ के शीर्षक ‘बुद्धिमान न्यायाधीश’ का औचित्य प्रमाणित करो।
Answer:
There were no eyewitnesses to guide the judge. He showed great intelligence in evolving circumstantial evidences. Hence the title of the lesson is quite apt.

न्यायाधीश के सामने कोई प्रत्यक्षदर्शी गवाह नहीं थे। उन्होंने बहत बद्धिमानी से प्रासंगिक साक्ष्य विकसित किये। अत: पाठ का शीर्षक बिल्कुल उचित है।

Language Practice

इस खण्ड के मूल प्रश्न व तालिकाएँ अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक में से देखिए। यहाँ केवल उनके उत्तर दिए जा रहे हैं।
A. Write in the given brackets the functions of the modal.
दिए गए कोष्ठक में Modal का कार्य लिखिए।
Answer:

Threat
Certainty
Possibility
Permission
Doubt.

B. Write in the given bracket the functions of the modals.
[दिए गए कोष्ठक में modal का कार्य लिखिए।
Answer:

Education
Possibility
Suggestion
Possibility
Advice.

C. Write in the given brackets the functions of the following models.
दिए गए कोष्ठक में modals का कार्य लिखिए।।
Answer:

Promise
Determination
Possibility
Permission
Determination.

D. Write in the given brackets the function of the modals.
दिए गए कोष्ठक में modal का कार्य लिखिए।
Answer:

Request
Willingness
Request
Determination
Conclusion.

E. Look at the pictures in the book and write what they can or can’t do.
पुस्तक में दिये गये चित्रों को देखकर लिखों ये क्या कर सकते हैं और क्या नहीं ?
Answer:

He can lift weights.
He can’t dig holes.
He can’t stand on his head.
The boy can’t run.
She can ride a bicycle.

F. Fill in the blanks with Can or Could. Use negative if necessary.
Can या Could से रिक्त स्थान भरो। जरूरी हो तो negative का प्रयोग करें।।
Answer:

could.
can’t
could
can
could
couldn’t
could.

G. Use Can, Could or May and fill in the blanks.
Can, Could या May का उपयोग करके रिक्त स्थान भरो।
Answer:

Can
May
Could
Can
Could.

H. What do the signs mean?
संकेतों का क्या अर्थ है ?
Answer:

You can park bicycles here.
You can’t blow horn here.
You can refuel your vehicle here.
You can’t park here anytime.
You can drink water here.

I. Use Can or May and fill in the blanks.
Answer:

can
can’t
may
can’t
may.

J. Fill in the blanks using modals to denote possibility.
Answer:

may
might
could
can
Can.

K. Rewrite these sentences using the modals given in brackets.
कोष्ठक में दिए गए modals का उपयोग करके वाक्य लिखो।
Answer:

Only members may enter through this gate.
You can pay your fees in advance.
The librarian may ask for your identity card.
The teacher may permit you to submit your homework tomorrow.
It might be Anand who betrayed us.
He could still try to get a job.
They might be delayed by traffic jam.
Could he be still sleeping ?

दुश्य-एका

स्थान — बगदाद की एक सड़क।
पात्र — मुस्तफा (खलीफा), अली (एक अपाहिज भिखारी)
अली— (घोड़े पर जा रहे मुस्तफा के लबादे का छोर पकड़कर) दान, महाशय, अल्लाह के नाम पर दान।।
मुस्तफा (उसे कुछ पैसे देते हुए) — यह लो और अल्लाह तुम पर मेहरबान हो। (अली फिर भी लबादा पकड़े रहता है, अब तुम्हें और क्या चाहिए ? क्या मैंने तुम्हें काफी नहीं दे दिया है ?
अली — हाँ, महाशय; लेकिन न्याय यह कहता है कि आप न केवल अपने समधर्मी को भीख देंगे बल्कि उसकी जितनी हो सकती है मदद करेंगे।
मुस्तफा — ठीक है, मैं तुम्हारे लिए और क्या कर सकता हूँ?
अली — आप इस भीड़भाड़ वाली सड़क पर मनुष्यों और जानवरों से मेरी रक्षा कर सकते
मुस्तफा — मैं तुम्हें कैसे बचा सकता हूँ?
अली — मुझे अपने पीछे बैठाकर सुरक्षित बाजार तक पहुँचाकर।
मुस्तफा ठीक है, पीछे बैठ जाओं (मुस्तफा उतरकर उसे बैठने में मदद करते हैं और बाजार में आकर उससे कहते हैं) लो, हम बाजार पहुँच गये। तुम यहीं आना चाहते थे ना ?
अली-जी। मुस्तफा—(अधीर होते हुए) तो उतरो।
अली-नहीं, नहीं। आप उतरिये।
मुस्तफा–पर क्यों ?
अली–ताकि मैं घोड़ा ले सकूँ।
मुस्तफा — ताकि मैं घोड़ा ले सकूँ! तुम्हारा क्या मतलब है ?
अली — मेरा मतलब है कि यह घोड़ा मेरा है। अगर आप नहीं उतरते तो मैं मामले को न्यायाधीश के सामने ले जाऊगाँ और वे निश्चय ही मेरे पक्ष में फैसला देंगे।
मुस्तफा — पर वे ऐसा क्यों करेंगे जबकि घोड़ा मेरा है ?
अली — जब वे हमें देखेंगे-तुम्हारे हष्ट-पुष्ट शरीर को जिसे अल्लाह ने तुम्हें दिया है और मुझे इन टूटी टाँगों के साथ-तो वे फैसला देंगे कि घोड़ा मेरा है क्योंकि उसकी मुझे ज्यादा जरूरत है।
मुस्तफा — अगर वे ऐसा करते हैं तो वे बुद्धिमान न्यायाधीश नहीं हैं।
अली — (हँसते हुए) खलीफा तो बुद्धिमान है ना, पर वह भी अन्य लोगों के समान गलती कर सकता है। इसका सबूत क्या है कि यह घोड़ा तुम्हारा है ?
मुस्तफा—(अपने आपसे) न्यायाधीश की बुद्धिमानी को परखने का यह एक अच्छा मौका
अली — आप अपने आपसे क्या कह रहे थे ?
मुस्तफा—तुम्हारे मतलब का कुछ नहीं, मेरे चालक भिखारी। लेकिन मैं इस बात से समतल हूँ कि हमें न्यायाधीश के पास जाना चाहिए।

दुश्य-दो

स्थान — न्यायाधीश का कक्षा
पात्र — न्यायाधीश, लेखक, किसान, कसाई. तेल का व्यापारी, मुस्तफा, अली, अधिकारीगण। (लेखक और किसान के बीच एक नौजवान गुलाम को लेकर विवाद था कि वह किसका है। गुलाम गूंगा और बहरा है, अतः यह नहीं बता सकता कि उसका मालिक कौन है। जिस समय मुस्तफा और अली आते हैं तब न्यायाधीश इसी मुकदमे की सुनवाई करने जा रहे थे।)
न्यायाधीश क्या लेखक, किसान और गुलाम हाजिर हैं ?
अधिकारी — (झुककर) हैं, महोदय। न्यायाधीश-पहले किसान को बोलने दो।
किसान — (अत्यधिक झुककर) महान् न्यायाधीश, यह लड़का जो आप देख रहे हैं, यह मेरा गुलाम है। मैने उसे पिछले हफ्ते ही खरीदा है। मैं आपसे अनुरोध करता हूँ कि मुझे मेरा गुलाम वापस दिला दीजिए।
लेखक (उत्सुकता के साथ) यह सच नहीं है, महोदय! यह लड़का कई सालों से मेरा गुलाम रहा है। मैंने इसे अपने लिए काफी उपयोगी बना लिया है। इस किसान ने पिछले हफ्ते इसे चुरा लिया था और अब कहता है कि उसने इसे बाजार से पिछले हफ्ते खरीदा है। मैं प्रार्थना करता हूँ कि मेरा गुलाम मुझे वापस दिला दीजिए।
न्यायाधीश — मैं इस मामले में निर्णय लूँगा। इस लड़के को यहीं छोड़ दो और कल आओ। (किसान और लेखक बाहर जाते हैं) अब कौन-सा मुकदमा है ?
अधिकारी — कसाई और तेल के व्यापारी का।
न्यायाधीश — उन्हें आगे आने दो (वे आगे आते हैं, व्यापारी कसाई की कलाई पकड़े है)।
न्यायाधीश — मैं पहले सुनना चाहूँगा कि कसाई को क्या कहना है ?
कसाई (अत्यधिक झुककर) महोदय, मैं इस आदमी के पास कुछ तेल खरीदने के लिए गया था। तेल के पैसे देने के लिए मैंने अपनी जेब से कुछ पैसे निकाले। उन्हें देखकर शायद इसके मन में लालच आ गया क्योंकि उन्हें मुझसे लेने के लिए इसने मेरी कलाई पकड़ ली। अब हम आपके सामने आए हैं, महान न्यायाधीश मेरे पैसे मेरी मुट्ठी में है और यह मेरी कलाई पकड़े हैं। न्यायाधीश तेल के व्यापरी, अब तुम बताओ। तुम्हें क्या कहना है ?
तेल का व्यापारी-यह आदमी मेरे यहाँ तेल खरीदने आया था। जब मैंने मर्तबान इसे दिया इसने मुझसे पूछा कि क्या मैं एक सोने के सिक्के का खुदरा इसे दे सकता हूँ? मैंने कुछ पैसे निकाले और उन्हें पीपे पर रखा। इसने झट से उन्हें झपटा और भागने लगा।
तभी मैंने इसकी कलाई पकड़ ली और चिल्लाया “डाकू !” मैं घोषित करता हूँ कि यह पैसा मेरा है।”
न्यायाधीश-पैसा मेरे पास छोड़ जाओ और कल आओ !
(वे एक अधिकारी को पैसा दे देते हैं, झुकते हैं और बाहर चले जाते हैं।) दूसरे मुकदमे के लिए कौन आ रहा हैं ?
अधिकारी-दो लोग है, महोदय ! दोनों एक सुन्दर अरबी घोड़े पर अपना दावा कर रहे हैं।
न्यायाधीश- उन्हें आगे आने दो (मुस्तफा और अली दोनों आगे आकर झुककर अभिवादन करते हैं। न्यायाधीश मुस्तफा की ओर मुखातिब होते हैं) तुम्हें क्या कहना है?
‘मुस्तफा-(पुनः झुककर) महोदय, मैं एक दूर देश से आपके शहर आया था। मुख्य द्वारा पर ही यह लंगड़ा आदमी मुझे मिला। इसने अल्लाह के नाम पर भीख चाही और फिर बाजार तक मेरे पीछे बैठकर आने का आग्रह किया। जब हम लोग वहाँ पहुँचे तो इसने उतरने से इन्कार किया और कहा कि यह घोड़ा तो इसका है। ‘न्यायाधीश-अब लँगड़े आदमी को बताने दो।
लँगड़ा आदमी-महोदय, यह सच नहीं है। जब मैं इस घोड़े पर सवार होकर बाजार की तरफ जा रहा था मुझे एक यात्री दिखाई दिया। वह बुरी तरह से थका हुआ था। मैं अपनी दयालुता के कारण उसे अपने साथ घोड़े पर बैठाकर बाजार तक ले आया। उसने घोड़ें से उतरने से इन्कार किया और दावा करने लगा कि मेरा घोड़ा उसका है।
न्यायाधीश-घोड़ा छोड़ जाओ और कल आओ। (अधिकारी) मैं इन मुकदमों की सुनवाई कल फिर करूंगा।

दुश्य–तीन

स्थान न्यायाधीश का कक्ष।
समय—अगला दिन। पात्र-वही सब।
न्यायाधीश — लेखक और किसान, कहाँ हैं ? अधिकारी (झुककर) हाजिर है, महोदय।
न्यायाधीश — लेखक को आगे आने दो (लेखक आगे आकर झुकता है) गुलाम तुम्हारा है-यह मेरा फैसला है। उसे ले जाओ। अधिकारी, किसान को गुलाम चुराने और झूठ बोलने के लिए पचास थप्पड़ मारो। (लेखक प्रसन्न होकर अपने गुलाम के साथ बाहर जाता है, अधिकारी किसान को बाहर ले जाता है)अब तेल के व्यापारी और कसाई को आगे आने दो। कसाई, ये पैसे लो, ये वास्तव में तुम्हारे हैं और तेल के व्यापारी का इनके किसी भाग पर भी अधिकार नहीं है, शान्तिपूर्वक जाओ। अधिकारी, इस तेल के व्यापारी को चालीस कोड़े मारो ताकि भविष्य में यह कभी बेइमानी न करे। (तेल का व्यापारी बाहर ले जाया जाता है) अब मुस्तफा और अली को आगे आने दो। मुस्तफा, क्या तुम दूसरे घोड़ों के बीच अपन घोड़े को पहचान लोगे ?
मुस्तफा—निश्चित ही, महोदय।
न्यायाधीश — मेरे पीछे आओ।

दुश्य-चार

स्थान — अस्तबल।
पात्र — न्यायाधीश, अधिकारी, मुस्तफा।
न्यायाधीश — मुस्तफा, अपना घोड़ा पहचानो।
मुस्तफा — (अपने घोड़े के पास जाकर) यह है, महोदय।
न्यायाधीश — न्यायालय के कक्ष में वापस चले जाओ। अधिकारी, अली को लाओ। (मुस्तफा बाहर जाता है और अधिकारी अली के साथ वापस आता है।)
न्यायाधीश–अली, तुम्हारा घोड़ा कौन-सा है ?
अली — (विश्वास के साथ उसी घोड़े के पास जाता है।) महोदय, यह मेरा है।
न्यायाधीश — ठीक। अब कक्ष में वापस चलें।

दुश्य-पाँच

स्थान — न्यायालय का कक्ष। पात्र न्यायाधीश, अली, मुस्तफा, अधिकारी।
न्यायाधीश— मुस्तफा, घोड़ा तुम्हारा है। अस्तबल जाकर उसे ले लो। अधिकारी, इस बदमाश को पचास कोड़े मारो। यह उनका पात्र है, क्योंकि इसने उस व्यक्ति को हानि पहुँचाने की कोशिश की थी जिसने इसके ऊपर उपकार किया था। मुस्तफा को छोड़कर सभी बाहर जाते हैं। मुस्तफा, तुम क्यों इन्तजार कर रहे हो ? क्या तुम फैसले से सन्तुष्ट नहीं हो ?
मुस्तफा — पूरी तरह से, न्यायाधीश! मैं सन्तुष्ट हूँ किन्तु मैं यह जानना चाहूँगा कि आप इस निर्णय पर पहुँचे कैसे; क्योंकि मैं निश्चयपूर्वक कह सकता हूँ कि आपके फैसले पहले के दो मुकदमों में भी उतने ही सही हैं जितना मेरे में। मालूम हो कि मैं बगदाद का खलीफा, मुस्तफा हूँ और यहाँ तुम्हारी परीक्षा लेने आया था। मुझे समझाओ कि तुम अपने निर्णयों पर किस प्रकार पहुँचे ।
न्यायाधीश — (घुटनों के बल झुकते हुए) महोदय, ईश्वर आपको ख्याति और समृद्धि प्रदान करे।
मुस्तफा — उठो मित्र, मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम मुझे बताओ कि किन तर्कों के आधार पर तुमने अपने फैसले दिये।
न्यायाधीश — श्रीमान् ! यह तो बहुत आसान था। श्रीमन्त ने देखा कि मैंने अपने फैसले आज के लिए स्थगित कर दिये थे।
मुस्तफा — हाँ, मैंने यह देखा था।
न्यायाधीश — आज सुबह मैंने गुलाम को बुलाया और इशारे से उसे मेरी दवात में स्याही डालने को कहा। उसने इस काम को शीघ्र तथा सावधानीपूर्वक किया मानो उसने यह पहले भी सैकड़ों बार किया हो। मैंने अपने आपसे कहा, “यह लड़का किसान का गुलाम नहीं रहा है, यह लेखक का ही है।”
मुस्तफा — बहुत खूब ! और कसाई के बारे में ? उसमें तुमने अपना फैसला कैसे किया ?
न्यायाधीश आपने देखा था, श्रीमान् ! तेल के व्यापारी के कपड़े और हाथों पर तेल था।
मुस्तफा— हाँ, मैंने ध्यान दिया था।
न्यायाधीश कल रात मैंने उन पैसों को पानी के भरे हुए जग में डाल दिया। आज सुबह जब मैंने देखा तो पाया कि पानी की सतह पर जरा-सा भी तेल नहीं था। अगर ये पैसे तेल के व्यापारी के होते तो उसके हाथ के स्पर्श से उनमें तेल का कुछ अंश होता। अतः कसाई का कथन सच प्रतीत होता था।
मुस्तफा — ठीक। और मेरे घोड़े के बारे में ? उसकी सच्चाई तुमने कैसे पहचानी ?
न्यायाधीश — श्रीमान ! वह एक कठिन कार्य था। आज सुबह तक मैं बहुत उलझन में था।
मुस्तफा — शायद यह लँगड़ा आदमी घोड़े को नहीं पहचान सका।
न्यायाधीश — इसके विपरीत, उसने घोड़े की और तुरन्त इशारा किया।
मुस्तफा — तब तुमने यह फैसला कैसे लिया कि वह मालिक नहीं था।
न्यायाधीश-श्रीमान, मैं आपको अस्तबल अलग से ले गया था वह देखने के लिए नहीं कि आप उसे पहचानते हैं या नहीं बल्कि यह देखने के लिए क्या घोड़ा आपकी ओर मुड़ता है, अपना सिर बाहर निकालता है। और उसने आपकी तरफ अनुराग से देखा। लेकिन जब उस लँगड़े आदमी ने उसे छुआ तो उसने उसमें कोई रुचि नहीं दिखाई। मैं समझ गया कि घोड़ा आपका है।
मुस्तफा — अल्लाह ने तुम्हें दूसरे लोगों से अधिक बुद्धिमानी दी है और तुम मेरा स्थान लेने के योग्य हो, किन्तु मैं तुम्हारा स्थान नहीं ले सकता। आज से तुम्हारा पद, मेरे बाद, सबसे बड़ा होगा। -गुमनाम .

The Wise Judge Word Meanings of Difficult Words

MP Board Class 11th English The Spectrum Solutions Chapter 12 The Wise Judge 1

MP Board Class 11th English Solutions

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 11th Solutions