Albert-Einstein at School Question Answer Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 14 MP Board

Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School Questions and Answers

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

Albert-Einstein at School Class 12th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Here are two words from the lesson beginning with prefix un:

  • happy — unhappy
  • noticed — unnoticed

The prefix un is used to make the antonym or opposite of the root word. Here are some words beginning with un. Pick the words in which un is a prefix and those in which It is a part of the root word, as given below:
unthinking, ungrateful, until, understand, under, unless, uncle, unwell, undo, undergo, undertake, unfit.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School img 1

B. Match the synonyms in the boxes with the cities listed below. Put the number of the clue in the boxes correctly. The result will be a magic square. that is, the total of the four numbers in any straight row (including the diagonal rows) will be 34.

wretched openly irony perpetrated
accommodation worried confused alerted
mention formal arrangement for a meeting difficulty turned out
shame revolt neglected vanquish

1. defeat
2. frankly
3. sarcasm
4. disgrace
5. lodging
6. trouble
7. appointment
8. warned
9. reference
10. puzzled
11. bothered
12. expelled
13. committed
14. rebellion
15. ignored
16. miserable
Answer:

16
wretched
2
openly
3
irony
13
perpetrated
5
accommodation
11
worried
10
confused
8
alerted
9
mention
7
formal arrangement for a meeting
6
difficulty
12
turned out
4
shame
 14
revolt
 15
neglected
1
vanquish

MP Board Solutions

C. Write words opposite in meaning to the clue words mentioned above and use them in sentences of your own.
Answer:

S.No. Words Opposites Sentences
1. Defeat win Alexander came to India to win over the whole of it.
2. Frankly secretly He leaked the documents secretly.
3. Sarcasm straight forward His straight forward answer puzzled everyone.
4. Disgrace honour In fact, Mr. James is an honour to this institution.
5. Lodging shelterless The flood made thousands of people shelterless.
6. Trouble comfort There is no comfort in life at all.
7. Appointment dismissal He approached the minister but was subject to dismissal.
8. Warned carefree She takes everything in a carefree manner.
9. Reference strange That man is quite strange for me.
10. Puzzled clarified He clarified all confusions.
11. Bothered relaxed I always feel relaxed.
12. Expelled admitted He was admitted again for his good record.
13. Committed refused The man refused to do any illegal work.
14. Rebellion supporter Gandhi took people’s support for independence.
15. Ignored welcomed I was welcomed to that meeting.
16. Miserable prosperous My friend is a prosperous man.

D. The following phrases occur in the text. Give their meanings and use them in sentences of your own:
learn by heart, be good at (a subject), get on the nerves, turn out, of one’s own accord, burn a hole in the pocket.
Answer:
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School img 2

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why was Einstein not interested in learning history?
Answer:
Einstein was not interested in learning history for he thought one can look up historical facts in a book. He believed that whatever that can be looked in book should not be wasted in memorising.

Question 2.
Why did the teacher ask Einstein to explain his theory of education?
Answer:
The teacher asked Einstein to explain his theory of education in order to ridicule him.

Question 3.
What does the author mean when he says “Mr. Braun’s eyes were cold and cruel?”
Answer:
The author means to say that Mr. Braun was sarcastic in his behaviour.

Question 4.
What did the history teacher suggest Einstein to do?
Answer:
The history teacher suggested Einstein to leave the school.

Question 5.
The author says Most day. were bad for Einstein.” Why does he say so?
Answer:
Einstein never liked schools, most days were bad for him.

Question 6.
Where did Albert find a room to reside? (MP. Board 2015)
Answer:
Einstein had got a room to reside in one of the poorest quarters of Munich.

Question 7.
What does Albert mean by civilised human beings?
Answer:
By civilized human beings, Albert means the people who were not much educated but at
least knew the manners to live.

Question 8.
The author says, “Albert’s eyes gleamed with the sudden idea.” Guess what the idea was.
Answer:
The Idea was to get a meakal certificate to convince the head teacher for allowing him to leave the school.

Question 9.
Why did Albert pretend that he had money to take Yun out for supper?
Answer:
He wanted to impress Yuri and get his work of getting medical certificate done.

Question 10.
I’m going to take this certificate to the head teacher tomorrow, and that will be the end of it”, assured Albert. What does the author mean by this?
Answer:
The author means that the medical certificate would be enough for getting him rid off from the school.

MP Board Solutions

B. Answer the following questions in 60-75 words:

Question 1.
While going through the conversation between Albert and his history teacher, what sort of a person does Einstein appear to you?
Answer:
Einstein was not at all satisfied with the school education in Germany. It was completely outdated and unproductive. The History teacher considered that education was nothing more than learning dates and years of events. For Einstein, education meant ideas. He didn’t see any point in learning dates. He believed that one could look up the dates in books.

Einstein had all aversion for school. It is reflected in his every action. He shows it by not closing the door in the Head teacher’s room even after his instruction. Einstein was a rebel but always controlled his emotion. Albert was totally against this kind of education where nothing new is learnt and achieved and this shows his idea-oriented thinking. He thinks facts are useless to be learnt. This time of learning known can be utilized in generating new.

Question 2.
How does a tight administrative system usually check students from exploring new horizons?
Answer:
It is quite true that the school often curbs individual talents. Most of the time, it is unproductive and outdated. Education must bring out the best from within. Education received within the four walls may not be the real education. Actually, it has been seen that schools interfere with the free growth and development of children. They don’t provide proper atmosphere for their proper growth. Too many restrictions and dead formalities kill the natural growth in children. Too much of discipline also proves quite unproductive. It kills the creative instinct in children.

What children need is freedom. Without freedom, no physical or mental growth is possible. Drive and dynamism mustn’t be curbed. School education should not be heavy, dull and cumbersome. Entertainment and education should go together. Education is not just facts, figures and dates. Ideas must dominate our education. Only then our schools will produce geniuses like Einstein.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
What is Einstein’s theory of education?
Answer:
Education is not confined to mere information gathering. Information only keeps us well informed about things. Einstein’s views about education only confirm that information gathering has its limitations. The History teacher asks Einstein, when did the Prussians defeated the French at Waterloo. Actually, he was seeking an information. It can be easily gathered from any good book on history. Einstein thinks that learning of days, dates and figures have no meaning or importance.

What is important are the ideas. Ideas are the basis of education. So, insight formation must be the aim of education. Schools shouldn’t overburden students with the heaps of data collection. It is not important, how many soldiers are killed and when they are killed. It is important to learn, why soldiers try to kill others in wars. Productive education should be practised where ideas are generated and shared. This not only gives new scopes but also gives us better understanding of things going around us.

Question 4.
The author says, “He has to go to the hateful place the next morning.” Which place is the author referring to? Why has the place been described as hateful?
Answer:
Here, the school is referred to as the ‘hateful place’. Einstein never liked a school. For him, it is the place where individual talents are curbed. It is unproductive and outdated. Education that is provided here is not the real education. In fact, schools interfere with the free growth and development of a child. In no way, they provide proper atmosphere for the proper growth of a child. The administrative strictness spoils a child’s talent. The natural growth of a child is adversely affected. So, Einstein always thought that it was the most hateful place.

Question 5.
Mr. Braun asked Einstein to stay for an extra period. What does the extra period refer to?
Why is it called so?
Answer:
Einstein was very much indifferent in his class. When the History teacher Mr. Braun asked him a question about the date related to Prussian war, Einstein flatly replied that he didn’t know. For Einstein, remembering the date of history was not so important. It irritated the History teacher. He wanted to know some more views of Einstein about school and education.

It was just to ridicule Einstein. When Einstein began telling him about his views, the teacher got more irritated and asked him to stop, for it needed some extra classes to listen to Einstein’s views and he called Einstein a disgrace to school. He suggested him to leave the school. He called so because school follows a pattern. It is not a place for the foolish talks as that of Einstein.

Question 6.
Why did Einstein think that he could never pass the exam for school diploma?
Answer:
Einstein believed that he would never pass the exams for the school diploma. He thought so because he was in no way similar to the other students. He never lived to learn lessons. School was a hateful place for him. He was going to school not for his own sake but for the sake of his father’s wishes. He never indulged himself in any fight with other children, as it was a common feature among them. He never took part in any duels. Teachers didn’t like him. These were all negative aspects of his personai. he would never pass.

Question 7.
Why was Albert adamant on meeting a doctor?
Answer:
Albert never liked school. It was only due to his father that he attended the school. However, finally he decided to leave it. As there was no way, he decided to get a medical certificate from a doctor which would help him prove sick. For this, he asked his friend Yuri to fix an appointment with a doctor who was known to Yuri. He was ready to face any situation for this. He also promised Yuri that he will treat him. with dinner.

Question 8.
“There is nothing to wonder about, Einstein. I knew you were going to leave before you knew yourself.” What did Mr. Koch actually mean?
Answer:
Mr. Koch was the Mathematics teacher in the school where Einstein studied. When finally j Einstein decided to leave the school, he managed a certificate from a doctor about his nervous breakdown but the head teacher was not convinced. He asked Einstein to get a certificate from any teacher of his school who could certify that he was not capable of teaching Einstein anymore. First, he tried Mr. Koch, the Mathematics teacher.

Mr. Koch was a very helpful man and really recognized the latent talent of Einstein. So, he didn’t ‘hesitate. He saw what possibilities were hidden in him. He was very much convinced from the very beginning that school can’t fulfill what Einstein needed. He made a remark, “There’s nothing to wonder about, Einstein. I knew you were going to leave before you knew yourself.”

Question 9.
Why was the head teacher not ready to have Einstein in the school?
Answer:
Einstein submitted a medical certificate to the head teacher which mentioned the nervous breakdown of Einstein. The head teacher next day called on Einstein and said that Einstein’s work was terrible. So, he was not prepared to have him in the school. The head-teacher told him that if he left the school of his own accord, there would be no questions. Einstein asked him what crime he had committed. The teacher replied that it was not possible for any teacher to teach while Einstein was in class. He had become a nuisance for others. In his presence, no student can learn any thing. Therefore, the head-teacher was not willing to see him in the school thereafter.

MP Board Solutions

Question 10.
Give a brief character sketch of Einstein. (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
Einstein was a peculiar child right from the beginning of his career. His views were different but rational. It was a fact that he had no interest in learning from the historical facts. When the History teacher asked him about a historical date, he frankly replied that he didn’t remember it. Einstein never liked school because in his view, it was not a proper place for learning. A strict rule is observed there and no chance is given to make a child’s talent flourish. He loved music and reading books on Science but he had no interest in the books presented in the syllabus. He had his own views about education. However, in no way, he was disrespectful to the teachers. After all he was a genius.

Grammar

A. Observe the following sentences carefully that occur in the lesson:

“In what year, Einstein,” asked the history teacher, “did the Prussians defeat the French at Waterloo?” –
“Einstein, I want you to leave the school now,” said the head teacher. The above sentences are in direct speech/narration. You had a detailed discussion on the topic in the previous class.
Now change the following sentences into indirect narration:

1. “Shall I do it myself,” he said.
2. “It’s not my wish, Sir,” Albert pointed out. .
3. “Your information,” I replied, “is out of date.”
4. “I must get away from here,” said Einstein.
5. “I don’t think, I’ll ever pass exams for the school diploma.” said Albert glumly.
6. “I have never seen you looking less nervous,” remarked Yuri.
7. “Don’t be too sure of that,” said the doctor.
8. Albert said, “I’ll try to get into an Italian College or Institute.”
Answers:

  1. He asked if he should do it himself.
  2. Albert addressed him as Sir and pointed out that it was not his wish.
  3. I replied that his information was out of date.
  4. Einstein said that he must get away from there.
  5. Albert said glumly that he didn’t think, he would ever pass exams for the school diploma.
  6. Yuri remarked that he had never seen him looking less nervous.
  7. The doctor advised him not to be too sure of that.
  8. Albert said that he would try to get into an Indian College or Institute.

B. Read the dialogue between a School Principal and an applicant, Miss Rita Sharma.

Principal : Come in, Miss Sharma.
Rita : Thank you.
Principal : Please take your seat.
Rita : Thank you
Principal : How long have you been teaching English in the coaching classes?
Rita : I have been teaching for the last 10 years.
Principal : How do you use your spare time?
Rita : I’ve always enjoyed music.
Principal : Well, Miss Sharma, we’ll inform you next week. Thank you, for coming.
Now write what Rita reported her mother about her interview
Answer:
As I turned up for the interview, the Principal asked me to come in. 1 thanked her. Then the Principal asked me to take seat and I again thanked her. The Principal asked me how long I had been teaching English in the coaching classes. At this, I replied that I had been teaching for the last ten years. When she asked me, how did I use my spare time, I replied that I had always enjoyed music. She released me and assured that she would inform me the next week. She thanked me too for coming.

Speaking Activity

Work in pairs. One will act as Albert and the other as a journalist. Interview Albert (after he was expelled from school) on the following points.
(i) the school
(ii) the place where he lived
(iii) his friend
(iv) the doctor
(v) his future plans.
Answer:
Do it at class level.

Writing Activity

A. Write about a teacher who has inspired you most. Discuss about his/her method of teaching or approach towards teaching.
Answer:
There are many teachers in my school. Some of them are very good and popular but I like Mr. Ramesh Chander Mishra the most. He is my favourite teacher. He has influenced me the most. He is the incharge of our class. He lives a simple way but his thinking is very high.

He is the most able teacher. He has a brilliant career. He has got scholarship in his school and in college days. He is a gem among teachers. He is an M.A., and B.Ed. His method of teaching is very good. He has mastery over his subjects. He makes his lessons very interesting. He makes every student understand his lesson. He has a kind word for each boy in his class. He encourages the students to talk in English. He himself yorks very hard. He knows how to take work from the students. He is showing the best result in the subject, he teaches.

Mr. Mishra possesses good habits. He has a happy face. We have never seen any frowns on his forehead. No idle boy can escape his keen eyes. He is very humorous. He tries to keep us in good spirits. He never uses any cane. We obey him and he loves us. He is hard working.

He keeps a strict discipline in the class without using a stick. He is never partial to anyone. He shows sympathy with the poor. If a student takes liberty with him, he turns him out of the class. He does not allow him to return until he offers a sincere apology.

He is a fine sportsman. He takes part in school games. He is a good cricketer as well. He is the incharge of games material. His presence on the school ground is a source of joy for us. All the teachers respect him. The Principal has much faith in him. He is the right hand of the Principal. In all school activities, he is always present. For these reasons, he is considered the best teacher of the school. His high character has made him very popular among the students.

MP Board Solutions

B. Imagine that you are Albert Einstein, now living in Milan/Italy. Write a letter of thanks to Yuri for rendering valuable help in getting you out of the school.
Answer:
36, Park Street Milan
15th September, 20xx
My dear Yuri
I hope you are enjoying a good life. I am also fine but I miss you very much. I still remember, how you helped me getting rid of my school. I was very much distressed there. I never liked the place. But I was compelled to join it and remain there. I was very upset. So, I asked you to help me. How did you manage the medical certificate from your friend, Dr.Ernest. I still can’t believe how you staked your career for me. At last, I was able to leave the school. You are really my best friend. You proved that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 1 am very much obliged to you and wish if I were of some use for you. Hope you are in good spirits and I wish you all the best for life.
Yours,
Einstein.

Think It Over

Think about yourself as Einstein and then narrate the experiences you have in your class.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Things to Do

Coiled information about Albert Einstein’s life and his contribution to Science from the sources available to you.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Albert-Einstein at School by Patrick Pringle Introduction

In this lesson, the author refers to a young boy (Einstein) who is of extraordinary talent. However, this boy does not like his school and its system. Finally, he is expelled from the school.

Albert-Einstein at School Summary in English

Albert was in his class. The History teacher, Mr. Brawn asked him when did Prussians defeated the French at Waterloo. Albert told that he didn’t know or he must have forgotten. This irritated the teacher. He asked Albert, “Why?” Albert replied that he didn’t see any point in learning dates. One could read about them from books.

The teacher thought that Albert didn’t believe in education. He talked in a sarcastic manner. Albert told him that education should be about ideas and not about facts. The teacher said that Albert was a disgrace to the school.

Albert was sad to leave the school though he didn’t like this school. He would have to come to it again. He lived in a small room. It was situated in one of the poorest quarters of Munich. The landlady used to beat her children regularly. Her husband came drunk every Saturday and beat her. Albert didn’t like the children’s crying every time. Albert told these things to his friend Yuri. He hated the atmosphere of slum violence.

Next time, his cousin came to Munich. She told Albert that if he had tried he could have pass the examination. There were more stupid boys than him. Moreover, passing the examination was not difficult. It was just to be able to repeat some events in the examination. He told Elsa that he was not good at learning things by heart. He liked music as it gave him comfort. He also liked Geology.

Albert didn’t like to remain in that school. He met Yuri after six months. He had an idea. He told Yuri that he needed a medical certificate showing that he suffered from a nervous breakdown. In this way, he could get rid of his school. He asked Yuri if he had a doctor friend. Yuri told him that he had one, Dr. Ernest Weil. However, Yuri told him not to deceive him. He must be frank with him.

MP Board Solutions

When Albert visited Dr. Ernest Weil, he had really come close to a nervous breakdown. Dr. Ernest issued him a certificate. His fees was that he should serve Yuri with a meal. Albert told Dr. Ernest about his future plans. He would go to Milan. He hoped to get admission in some Italian college or institute. Yuri told him to get a reference in writing from the Mathematics teacher before going to the head teacher. Mr. Koch, the Mathematics teacher, was a different man. He understood Albert well. He gave a glowing testimonial to him. He wrote that Albert knew so much that it was difficult to teach him any more. He was fit to enter a college.

Before Albert had a chance to ask for an interview with the head teacher, he was summoned to his room. The head teacher told Albert that he wanted him to leave the school. Albert asked the head teacher if he meant that he was to be expelled. The head teacher told him that if he went of his own accord, that question wouldn’t arise.

The head teacher gave several reasons for his leaving the school. He said that Albert’s presence made it impossible for the teachers to teach and pupils to learn. No serious work could be done as long as he was there. Albert felt that his spending money on the medical certificate proved useless. For a moment, Albert felt like telling him what he thought of him and the school but he did not. He went out of the room. The head teacher asked him to close the door behind him but Albert didn’t. He didn’t even have the last look at the school. Yuri was the only person whom Albert felt like seeing when he left. He had no other real friend.

Albert-Einstein at School Summary in Hindi

एलबर्ट अपनी कक्षा में था। इतिहास के अध्यापक मि. ब्रॉन ने उससे पूछा कि प्रूशिया बालों ने फ्रांस को बाटरलू में कब हराया था। एलबर्ट कहता है कि वह नहीं जानता या वह भूल गया होगा। इससे अध्यापक को क्रोध आ जाता है। यह एलबर्ट से पूछता है, “क्यों?” एलबर्ट जवाब देता है कि उसे तारीखें याद करने में कुछ खास बात नज़र नहीं आती। इसके बारे में कोई भी किताबों से जानकारी ले सकता है। अध्यापक मानता है कि एलबर्ट को शिक्षा में कोई दिलचस्पी नहीं है। वह व्यंग्यात्मक तरीके से बात करता है। एलबर्ट उन्हें कहता है कि शिक्षा विचारों से संबंधित होनी चाहिए न कि तथ्यों से। अध्यापक कहता है कि एलबर्ट स्कूल के लिए एक कलंक है।

एलबर्ट स्कूल छोड़ते हुए दुःखी था। हालाँकि वह इस स्कूल को पसंद नहीं करता था पर वह उदास था। उसे वहाँ दोबारा आना होगा। वह एक छोटे-से कमरे में रहता था। वह म्यूनिख के सबसे गरीब क्षेत्र में बसा था। मकान मालकिन अपने बच्चों को नियमित रूप से पीटती थी। उसका पति प्रत्येक शनिवार को शराब पीकर आता और उसे पीटता था। एलबर्ट हर समय बच्चों का रोना पसन्द नहीं करता। उसने यह सब अपने मित्र यूरी को बताया। वह गंदी-बस्तियों में होने वाली हिंसा से नफरत करता था। अगली बार उसकी चचेरी बहन म्यूनिख आती है। वह एलबर्ट से कहती है कि यदि कोशिश करें तो वह परीक्षा पास कर सकता है। यहाँ उससे भी ज्यादा मूर्ख लड़के हैं। इसके अलावा परीक्षा पास करना मुश्किल नहीं है। यह केवल परीक्षा में कुछ घटनाओं को दोहरा देने की योग्यता प्राप्त करना है। वह एल्सा को बताता है कि वह जबानी चीजें याद करने में अच्छा नहीं है।

वह संगीत पसन्द करता है क्योंकि वह उसे आराम देता है। उसे भू-विज्ञान भी अच्छा लगता है। एलबर्ट को उस स्कूल में रहना बिल्कुल पसन्द नहीं था। वह यूरी से छह महीने बाद मिला। उसे एक विचार आता है। वह यूरी से कहता है कि उसे एक चिकित्सा प्रमाणपत्र की आवश्यकता है जो यह दिर सके कि वह स्नायुसम्बन्धी खराबी से ग्रस्त है। इस प्रकार वह अपने स्कूल से छुटकारा पा सकता है। वह यरी से पूछता है कि क्या उसका कोई डॉक्टर दोस्त है। यूरी उसे बताता है कि डॉ. अरनेस्ट वेल है। फिर भी पूरी कहता है कि वह उसे धोखा न दे। उसे उसके साथ खुलकर बातें करनी होंगी।

MP Board Solutions

जब एलबर्ट डॉ. अरनैस्ट वेल से मिला तो सच में उसकी स्नाय खराब थी। डॉ. अरनेस्ट उसे प्रमाणपत्र दे देते हैं। उसकी फीस यह थी कि उसे यूरी को खाना खिलाना था। एलबर्ट डॉ. अरनैस्ट को अपने भविष्य की योजना के बारे में बताता है। वह मिलान जाएगा। उसे आशा है कि उसे किसी इटैलियन कॉलेज में या संस्था में दाखिला मिल जाएगा। यरी उससे कहता है कि मुख्याध्यापक के पास जाने से पहले गणित के अध्यापक से लिखित प्रमाणपत्र ले ले। मि. कोच जो कि गणित के अध्यापक थे, एक अलग किस्म के व्यक्ति थे। वे एलबर्ट को अच्छी तरह से समझते थे। उसने, उसे एक शानदार प्रमाणपत्र दिया। उसने लिखा कि एलबर्ट इतना जानता था कि वह उसे और शिक्षा नहीं दे सकता था। वह कॉलेज में प्रवेश के लिए उपयुक्त था।

इससे पहले कि एलबर्ट को मुख्याध्यापक से साक्षात्कार का मौका मिलता, उसे उसके कमरे में जाने का बुलावा आ गया। मुख्याध्यापक एलबर्ट से कहते हैं, वे चाहते हैं कि वह स्कूल छोड़ दे। उसने मुख्याध्यापक से पूछा क्या उसे निकाला जा रहा है। मुख्याध्यापक उसे कहता है कि यदि वह अपनी इच्छा से चला जाता है तो यह प्रश्न ही नहीं उठता। मुख्याध्यापक उसके स्कूल छोड़ने के लिए बहुत से कारण बताता है। वह उसे बताता है कि एलबर्ट की उपस्थिति अध्यापकों को पढ़ाने में और अन्य छात्रों को सीखने में परेशानी पैदा करती है।

जब तक वह रहता, कोई महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य नहीं किया जा सकता था। एलबर्ट को लगता है कि चिकित्सा प्रमाणपत्र पर उसके द्वारा खर्च किए गए पैसे बेकार हो गए। एक क्षण के लिए एलबर्ट का मन हुआ कि उसे बता दे कि वह उसके बारे में और स्कूल के बारे में क्या सोचता है। पर उसने वैसा नहीं किया। वह कमरे से बाहर चला जाता है। मुख्याध्यापक उससे अपने पीछे दरवाजा बन्द करके जाने को कहता है परन्तु एलबर्ट ऐसा नहीं करता है। यहाँ तक कि उसने आखिरी बार स्कूल की तरफ देखा भी नहीं। यूरी ही केवल ऐसा व्यक्ति था जिससे एलबर्ट स्कूल छोड़ते समय मिलना चाहता था। उसका कोई और सच्चा दोस्त नहीं था।

Albert-Einstein at School Word Meaning

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School img 3

Albert-Einstein at School Important Pronunciations

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School img 5
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 14 Albert-Einstein at School img 4

Albert-Einstein at School Passages for Comprehension

Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow:

Albert felt miserable when he left school that afternoon; not that it had been a bad day most days were bad now, anyway but because he had to go back to the hateful place the next morning. He only wished his father would take him away, but there was no point in even asking. He knew what the answer would be; he would have to stay until he had taken his diploma.

Going back to his lodgings did not cheer him up. His father had so little money to spare that Albert could find a room in one of the poorest quarters of Munich. He did not mind the bad food and lack of comfort, or even the dirt and squalor, but he hated the atmosphere of slum violence. His landlady beat her children regularly, and every Saturday her husband came drunk and beat her. (Page 99)

Questions:
(i) Why did Albert feel miserable when he left school?
(Ii) Find the word opposite in meaning to ‘admirable’.
(iii) Give adjective form of the word ‘cheer’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage that has the same meaning as the word pitiable.
Answers:
(i) Albert felt miserable when he left school because he had to come back to the school
the next morning which he hated the most. For him, it was the worst place.
(ii) ‘Hateful’ is opposite of ‘admirable’.
(iii) ‘Cheerful’ is the adjective of ‘cheer’.
(iv) ‘Miserable’ has same meaning as ‘pitiable’.

2. Apart from books on science his only comfort was music, and he played his violin regularly until his Landlady asked him to stop.
“That wailing gets on my nerves,” she said. “There’s enough noise in this house, with all
the kids howling.”
Albert was tempted to point out that most of the time it was she who made them howl,
but he decided it was better toy nothing.
“I must get away from here,” he told Yuri, after six months alone in Munich. “It is absurd
that I should go on like this. In the end it will turn out, I have been wasting my father’s
money and everyone’s time. It will be better for all if i stop now.” (Page 100)

Questions:
(i) What did Albert wish? Why?
(ii) Find a word from the above lines which means opposite to ‘peace’.
(iii) Give noun form of the word ‘tempt’?
(iv) Find the word in the passage which has the same meaning as the word ‘spoiling’.
Answers:
(i) He wished to leave the place because he thought he was wasting his father’s money
and everyone’s time.
(ii) ‘Howling/noise’ is opposite to ‘peace’.
(iii) ‘Temptation’ is the noun form of ‘tempt’.
(iv) ‘Wasting’ has same meaning as ‘spoiling’.

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3. “I’m not going to punish you,” the head teacher said to Albert’s surprise. “Your work is
terrible, and I’m not prepared to have you here any longer, Einstein. I want you to leave
the school now.”
“Leave school now?” repeated Albert, dazed.
. “That is what I said.”
“You mean,” said Albert, “that I am to be expelled?”
“You can take it that way if you wish, Einstein.” The head teacher was not mincing words.
“The simplest thing will be for you to goof your own accord, and then the question won’t arase.”
“But,” said Albert, “what crime have I committed?”
“Your presence in the classroom makes it impossible for the teacher to teach and for the
other pupils to learn. You refuse to learn, you are in constant rebellion, and no serious
work can be done while you are there.” (Page 103)

Questions:
(i) What did the head teacher say to Albert?
(ii) Find a word from the passage which means opposite to ‘supporter’.
(iii) Give noun form of the word ‘punish’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage which has the same meaning of the word ‘deny’.
Answers:
(i).The head teacher said to Albert that he would not allow him to be there and asked
him to leave.
(ii) ‘Rebellion’ is opposite to ‘supporter’.
(iii) ‘Punishment’ is the noun form of ‘punish’.
(iv) ‘Refuse’ has same meaning as ‘deny’.

4. He walked straight on, out of the school where he had spent five miserable years, without turning his head to give it a last look. Fie could not think of anyone, he wanted to say goodbye to.

Indeed, Yuri was almost the only person in Munich, he felt like seeing before he left the town, he had corner to hate almost as much as the school. Elsa was back in Berlin, and he had no other real friends.

“Goodbye and good luck,” said Yuri when he left. “You are going to a wonderful country I think. I hope you will be happier there.” (Page 103)

Questions:
(i) How many year did Albert spend in school? What was his feeling about his days
spent there?
(ii) Give the noun form of ‘real’
(iii) Give a word opposite in meaning to ‘curve’
(iv) Find a word in the passage which has the same meaning to the word ‘amazing’.
Answers:
(i) Albert spent fly e years In school. He felt that those were miserable days for him.
(ii) ‘Reality’ is the noun Form of ‘real’.
(iii) ‘Straight’ is opposite in meaning to ‘curve’.
(iv) ‘Wonderful has the same meaning to the word ‘amazing’.

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Textbook (Fiction and Drama)

MP Board Class 12th General Hindi व्याकरण शब्द-युग्म

MP Board Class 12th General Hindi व्याकरण शब्द-युग्म

शब्द युग्म का अर्थ और परिभाषा

युग्म का अर्थ है जोड़ा। जोड़ा अर्थात् दो का सह अस्तित्व। अतः शब्द युग्म ऐसे शब्दों को कहते हैं जो ऐसे दो शब्द होते हैं जिनके लिखने और उच्चारण में सूक्ष्म अन्तर होता है ये शब्द एक स्थान पर होने पर दूसरे के होने का भ्रम पैदा करते हैं।

डॉ. हरदेव बाहरी ने लिखा है कि ऐसे शब्दों के प्रयोग के बारे में विशेष सावधानी बरतने की ज़रूरत है। ये ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जिनका उच्चारणू एक आध अक्षर (स्वर, स्वर की मात्रा या व्यंजन के हेर-फेर के कारण धोखे में डाल सकता है।

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यों तो युग्म दो शब्दों का होता है पर कुछ शब्द तीन-तीन और थोड़े समूह चार-चार समोच्चारित शब्दों के भी मिल जाते हैं, जिनमें अर्थ भेद स्पष्टतः देखा जा सकता है।

शब्दों का महत्त्व या उपयोगिता : शब्दों के उच्चारण और लेखन की समानता, असमानता व अर्थ भिन्नता के प्रति अगर पाठक या लेखक सावधान नहीं रहता तो अर्थ का अनर्थ हो जाता है। अतः शुद्ध भाषा के लेखन के लिए शब्द युग्मों से परिचित होना अनिवार्य है।

शब्द युग्मों के प्रकार या भेद शब्द युग्मों को भाषाविज्ञानियों ने चार भागों में विभाजित किया है। यह विभाजन इस प्रकार है :

  1. पुनरुक्त शब्द युग्म
  2. अनुकरणात्मक शब्द युग्म
  3. अनुसरणात्मक शब्द युग्म
  4. भिन्न उच्चारण और भिन्न वर्तनी वाले शब्द युग्म।

1. पुनरुक्त शब्द युग्म : जब एक ही शब्द की पुनरावृत्ति होती है तो उसे पुनरुक्त शब्द युग्म कहते हैं। जैसे-अभी-अभी, कभी-कभी, वाह-वाह, जाते-जाते, आते-आते। लिखते-लिखते आदि।
2. अनुकरणात्मक शब्द युग्म : जब पहले शब्द के अनुकरण पर दूसरा शब्द गढ़ लिया जाता है तो तब अनुकरणात्मक शब्द युग्म कहलाता है। जैसे-पानी-वानी, दाल-वाल, रोटी-वोटी, चाय-वाय, हाई फाई, ऐसा-वैसा, जैसे-तैसे। यहाँ-वहाँ आदि।।
3. अनुसरणात्मक शब्द युग्म : इस श्रेणी में दोनों ही शब्द एक-दूसरे पर निर्भर होते हैं लेकिन संयोग सार्थक होता है। जैसे-फटा-फट, तड़ा-तड़, टर-टर, चट-चट आदि।
4. भिन्न उच्चारण और भिन्न वर्तनी वाले शब्द युग्म : जो दोनों ही शब्द उच्चारण व भिन्न वर्तनी और अर्थ वर्तनी की दृष्टि से भिन्न होते हैं। जैसे-अस्त्र-शस्त्र, आधि-व्याधि, तंद्रा-निद्रा, अवस्था-वायु, अभिमान – अहंकार, ऋद्धि-सिद्धि आदि।

युग्म शब्दों का प्रयोग करते समय बरतने वाली सावधानियाँ

अगर आप अपने लेखन में युग्म शब्दों का प्रयोग कर रहे हैं तो आपको अतिरिक्त सावधान रहने की आवश्यकता है क्योंकि आपकी जरा-सी लापरवाही वाक्य का अनर्थ कर सकती है। वस्तुतः जिन शब्दों में, उच्चारण की दृष्टि से बहुत कम अन्तर होता है वे शब्द युग्म अधिक भ्रम पैदा करते हैं, अतः इनका प्रयोग और शुद्ध लेखन में अतिरिक्त सावधानी बरतने की आवश्यकता है।

समध्वनि भिन्नार्थक युग्म शब्द

1. उत्तर : प्रश्न का उत्तर।
: मुझे अभी तक मेरे प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं मिला।
उत्तर : दिशा विशेष।
यह गाड़ी उत्तर दिशा में जा रही है।
उतर : नीचे उतरने का भाव।
: अब वह सूर्यास्त देखकर नीचे उतर रही थी।

2. काफी : एक पेय पदार्थ।
: क्या आप मुझे एक प्याली गर्म काफी पिला सकते हो?
काफी : पर्याप्त।
: राम को काफी समय दिया गया किंतु तब भी प्रश्न नहीं लिखा।

3. ग्रह : नक्षत्र।
: आजकल उसके ग्रह खराब चल रहे हैं।
घर : रहने की जगह।
: अभी तक शीला घर नहीं पहुंची थी।

4. अंगद : बाजूबन्द।
: अश्व पर उछलती हुई राजकुमारी का अंगद गिर गया।
अगद : रोग रहित।
: दवाई लेने पर वह अगद हो गया।

5. अंटी : कमर पर धोती की लपेट।
: ग्रामीण अंटी में पैसे रखते हैं।
अंडी : एरंड का तेल।
: अंडी कई रोगों में रामबाण साबित हो चुका है।

6. अगम : जहाँ कोई पहुँच न सके।
: यह स्थान अगम है।
आगम: शास्त्र।
: शिवपुराण, निगम पुराण आदि सब आगम ग्रंथ हैं।

7. आकर : खान खजाना।
: मेरे पिता जी गुणाकर हैं।
आचार : रीति, व्यवहार।
: व्यक्ति आचार अच्छा हो तो सर्वत्र पूजनीय होता है।

8. आदि : वगैरह।
: राम सीता व लक्ष्मण आदि सभी का अभिनय अच्छा था। आदी
: वह नशे की बुरी तरह आदी है।

9. इंदिरा : लक्ष्मी।
: विष्णु के साथ सती सावित्री इंदिरा के दर्शन हुए।
इंद्रा : इंद्र की पत्नी।
: इंद्रा की पत्नी का नाम शची भी है।
इत्र : एक सुगंधित पदार्थ।
: वह इत्र बेचने का काम करता है।

MP Board Solutions

10. कंकड़ी : छोटा कांकड़।
: मुझे सोहन ने कंकड़ी मार कर जगा दिया। ककड़ी : एक फल।
: क्या आप ककड़ी खाने के बाद पानी पी गए थे?

11. कमल : एक फूल का नाम।
: सरोवर में सुंदर कमल खिले थे।
कंवल : गर्म कपड़ा।
: एक ही कंबल में पूरा परिवार जाड़े की रात काट रहा था।

12. क्षति : हानि।
: उसे इस खेल में दो लाख की क्षति उठानी पड़ी।
क्षात्र : क्षत्रीय धर्म।
: पांडवों ने क्षात्र धर्म का पालन किया।

13. खरा : शुद्ध।
: वह खरा आदमी है।
खर्रा : चिट्ठा।
: मजदूरों की मजदूरी का खर्रा तैयार हो गया है।

14. गगरा : घड़ा।
: गगरा भर कर पनिहारिन घर की ओर चली।
गड़ना : धंसना।
: उसके पाँव में कांटे गड़ने लगे थे।

15. ग्रंथ : पुस्तक।
: यह ग्रंथ कब तैयार हुआ मल्लिका?
ग्रंथि : गांठ।
: हमारे शरीर में बहुत-सी ग्रंथियाँ है।

16. घोल : घुला मिश्रण।।
: दवा घोल कर पी लो।
घोर : बहुत अधिक।
: उस पर घोर तकलीफों का पहाड़ टूट गया।

17. चिर : लंबे समय तक।
: पुत्र को चिरजीवी रहने का आदेश दिया पिता ने।
चीर : वस्त्र।
: दुर्योधन और खींच रहा था और खत्म होने का नाम ही नहीं ले रहा था।

18. छत : पाटन।
: वह मकान की छत पर चढ़ गया था।
क्षत : जख्मी।
: छाती पर गोली लगते ही वीर क्षत-विक्षत हो गया।
19. तक्र : छाछः
: महाराष्ट्र में भोजन के साथ तक्र अवश्य परोसा जाता है।
तर्क : दलील।
: आपका कोई भी तर्क मेरे गले नहीं उतर रहा था।

20. तर : गीला।
: श्याम पसीने से तर था।
मकरंद : हिंदी सामान्य
तरु : पेड़।
: एक भी तरु पर पंछी नहीं था।

21. दंश : डंसने।
: वह सर्पदंश से दम तोड़ गया।
दश : दस की संख्या
: पुस्तक का अध्याय दश अधिक लंबा लिखा गया है।

22. दायी ; देने वाला।
: दायी के आते ही घर के लोग स्वागत के लिए उठे खड़े हुए।
दाई : दासी।
: दाई के आते ही सारा घर साफ हो गया।

23. धन : रुपया पैसा।
: आपके पास कम धन तो नहीं है?
धन्य : पुण्यवान्
: आपको पुस्तक मिली है, आप धन्य हैं।

24. नहर : बनावटी नदी।
: इस नहर का क्या नाम है?
नाहर : सिंह।
: आजकल भारत में नाहरों की संख्या कम होती जा रही है।

25. पति : घरवाला।
: क्या शीला का पति भी काम करता है?
पत्ति : हिस्सा।
: इस कारोबार में मेरी दस पैसे की पत्ती है।

26. पानी : जल।
: प्यासे को पानी पिलाना पुण्य का काम है।
पाणि : विवाह।
: राधा का पाणिग्रहण सोमवार को है।

27. प्रसाद : पुजारी से मिलने वाला पदार्थ।
: रमेश मंगलवार को प्रतिदिन प्रसाद लाता है।
प्रासाद : भवन।
: सुदामा का प्रासाद देखकर नगरवासियों को ईर्ष्या हो रही थी।

MP Board Solutions

28. पूर : बाढ़।
: गंगा के पूर से आस-पास की बस्तियाँ डूब गईं।
पूरी : पकवान।
: जीते जी जिसे रोटी नहीं दी उस पिता की बरसी पर गाँव के मुखिया पूरी खिला रहे थे।

29. प्रकार : तरह।
: इस अलंकार के पाँच प्रकार हैं।
प्राकार : चार दीवारी।
: भवन की प्राकार ऊँची बनाई गई।

30. प्रमाण : सुबूत।
: आखिर इसका क्या प्रमाण है आपके पास?
प्रणाम : नमस्कार।
: सुबह उठकर वह पिता को प्रणाम करता था।

31. प्राप्त : मिलना।
: आपको. जो भी प्राप्त हुआ, अच्छा था।
पर्याप्तः काफी।
: आपके लिए इतना भोजन पर्याप्त रहेगा।

32. बंदी : कैदी।
: बंदी ने आंखें खोली तो सामने राजकुमार खड़ा था।
वंदी : वंदना करने वाले।
: राजा के आते ही वंदीगण विरुदावली गाने लगे।

33. वार : दिन।
: आज सोमवार है।
वार : चोट।
: तलवार के एक ही वार से वह धराशायी हो गया।

34. मांस : गोश्त।
: हम मांसाहारी नहीं है भाई। मास : महीना।
: एक मास बीत गया, हमारा काम नहीं हुआ।

35. मेघ : बादल।
: गगन में श्याम मेघ घिर आए थे।
मेध : यज्ञ।
: अश्वमेध कब करना होगा आर्यपुत्र?

36. युक्त : उचित।
: युक्त आहार मनुष्य को सुखी रखता है।
मुक्त : बरी।
: आज वह अपनी जिम्मेदारी से मुक्त हो गया।

37. योगीश्वरः योगियों में श्रेष्ठ।
: गोरखनाथ को योगीश्वर कहा जाता है।
योगेश्वर : महादेव।
: योगेश्वर के विवाह पर सभी देवताओं को निमंत्रण भेजा गया।
: योगेश्वर भोलेनाथ की जय।

38. रत : लीन।
: वह प्रभु भक्ति में रत है।
रक्त : खून।
: पिता के माथे से रक्त देखकर पुत्र आवेश में आ गया।

39. लक्ष : लाख।
: राणा ने दो लक्ष मुद्राएं कवि को पुरस्कार में दी।
लक्ष्य : उद्देश्य।
: मेरा एक ही लक्ष्य है वह है मुक्ति प्राप्त करना।

MP Board Solutions

40. रेचक : दस्तावर।
: कब्ज के लिए कोई रेचक दवा लेना उचित रहेगा।
रोचक : मन को भाने वाले।
: आप रोचक किस्से सुनाते रहे, दिन कट गया।

MP Board Class 12th Hindi Solutions

Ends and Means Question Answer Class 12 English The Spectrum Chapter 8 MP Board

Class 12 English The Spectrum Chapter 8 Ends and Means Questions and Answers

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Chapter 8 Ends and Means Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

Ends and Means Class 12th Question Answer

Word Power

(A) खाली स्थानों में make से बनी phrasal verbs भरिए :

  • Let’s make for the city centre and find a restaurant on the way.
  • He did not make up to until she agreed to help.
  • He made off as soon as he heard their car turn into the drive.
  • The superb food at the hotel made up for the uncomfortable rooms.
  • I cannot make out why our team declared so early.

MP Board Solutions

(B) सही विकल्प को टिक (1) करें :
Answer:

  1. opposite,
  2. same,
  3. opposite,
  4. opposite,
  5. same.

Comprehension

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए

Question 1.
Who was Swami Arvasu? [2009, 10, 14, 16]
स्वामी अर्वासु कौन थे?
Answer:
Swami Arvasu was a monk who roamed the villages along the river Ganges with his small group of followers.
स्वामी अर्वासु एक साधु थे जो अपने शिष्यों के छोटे से दल के साथ गाँव-गाँव घूमते थे।

Question 2.
What was he [Swami Arvasu] doing under the Banyan tree? [2009, 10, 18]
बरगद के पेड़ के नीचे वह क्या कर रहे थे?
Answer:
He was sitting under a Banyan tree addressing a group of the faithful. He was giving a discourse on the Gita and its relevance to the common man.

बरगद के वृक्ष के नीचे बैठकर वह अपने अनुयायियों को सम्बोधित कर रहे थे। वह गीता तथा साधारण व्यक्ति के सन्दर्भ में उसकी सार्थकता पर शिक्षा दे रहे थे।

Question 3.
With what intention did Birju join the sage’s discourse?
बिरजू ने किस मन्तव्य से साधु के प्रवचन में भाग लिया?
Answer:
Birju’s intention was to pick a pocket or two. He was searching for prosperous-looking faces.
बिरजू का उद्देश्य एक-दो लोगों की जेबें काटना था। वह अमीर दिखने वाले लोगों को ढूँढ़ रहा था।

Question 4.
How was Birju affected with Swami Arvasu’s discourse?
स्वामी अर्वासु के प्रवचन से बिरजू किस प्रकार प्रभावित हुआ?
Answer:
Swami Arvasu’s powerful discourse left a deep impression on the mind and heart of Birju. His entire life flashed before his eyes and he realized that he had completely wąsted it. So he decided to change and lead an honest life.

स्वामी अर्वासु के प्रभावशाली प्रवचनों का बिरजू के हृदय व मस्तिष्क पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ा। उसका पूरा जीवन उसकी आँखों के सामने घूम गया और उसे लगा कि उसने अपने जीवन को बर्बाद किया है। अतः उसने अब स्वयं को बदलना चाहा और एक ईमानदार जीवन जीने का निर्णय लिया।

Question 5.
Describe in your words the conversation between the sage and the thief when Birju asked to become a disciple.
जब बिरजू ने साधु का शिष्य होना चाहा तो उनके बीच क्या वार्तालाप हुआ?
Answer:
The sage thought that Birju had come to steal and told him that he had nothing to offer but his wisdom. But Birju informed the sage that his ords had made a great impact on him and that his entire life flashed before his eyes. Birju told the sage that he now wanted to change his life and be an honest person. In fact, he wanted to repent for his past.

साधु को लगा कि बिरजू उसके पास चोरी करने आया है। इसलिए उसने बिरजू से कहा कि उसके पास ज्ञान के अलावा देने के लए कुछ नहीं है। लेकिन बिरजू ने साधु से कहा कि साधु के शब्दों ने उसके ऊपर गहरा प्रभाव छोड़ा है और वह अपना जीवन परिवर्तित कर ईमानदार व्यक्ति बनना चाहता है। वास्तव में वह अपने बीते समय के लिए पश्चाताप करना चाहता है।

Question 6.
On what condition did the sage make Birju his disciple?
साधु ने बिरजू को किस शर्त पर अपना शिष्य बनाया?
Answer:
The sage asked Birju to be very careful. He also told him that if he shows any sign of misbehavior, he would be thrown out.
साधु ने बिरजू से बहुत सावधान रहने के लिए कहा। उसने यह भी कहा कि यदि उसने [बिरजू] दुर्व्यवहार का कोई भी संकेत दिया तो वह [साधु] उसे निकाल देंगे।

Question 7.
What happened when Birju went to collect firewood? [2009]
जब बिरजू आग जलाने के लिए लकड़ी लेने गया तब क्या हुआ?
Answer:
When Birju want to collect firewood, it was pitch dark. All windows and doors were shut. Everyone seemed to be asleep. He was wondering what to do.
जब बिरजू लकड़ी लेने गया तो घोर अंधेरा था। सभी खिड़कियाँ व दरवाजे बन्द थे। सभी लोग सो रहे थे। वह सोचने लगा कि क्या किया जाये।

MP Board Solutions

Question 8.
What did Birju see when he peeped into the hut? [2012, 16]
झोंपड़ी के अन्दर झाँकने पर बिरजू ने क्या देखा?
Answer:
Birju saw that a young woman, clad in a tattered sari, was sitting in front of the fireplace. A frying pan was on the fire. Two children, a girl aged five and a boy aged four, were huddled in a corner. They were thin with their bones sticking out of their torn clothes. The mother would take a few drops of water every second and sprinkle on the pan.

बिरजू ने देखा कि एक फटी साड़ी में नौजवान महिला चूल्हे के सामने बैठी है। आग पर पतीला चढ़ा है। पाँच वर्ष की लड़की और चार वर्ष का लड़का एक कोने में बैठे हैं। वे इतने कमजोर थे कि उनके फटे कपड़ों से उनकी हड्डियाँ चमक रही थीं। हर सेकण्ड पर माँ पानी की कुछ बूंदें लेकर पतीले में छिड़क रही थी।

Question 9.
How did the woman in the hut react when she saw Birju?
बिरजू को देखकर झोंपड़ी में बैठी महिला की क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी?
Answer:
The woman stood up, walked towards Birju, touched his feet and said, “Maharaj, I am indeed fortunate to have your blessed feet enter my humble abode. However, I am equally unfortunate because I have nothing to give you”.

महिला खड़ी हुई, बिरजू की ओर गई, उसके पैर छुए और बोली, “महाराज, अपनी कुटिया में आपके पवित्र चरणों को पाकर मैं सचमुच भाग्यशाली हूँ। किन्तु मेरा दुर्भाग्य है कि मेरे पास आपको देने के लिए कुछ नहीं है।”

Question 10.
How did the poor woman trick her hungry children to sleep?
गरीब महिला ने अपने भूखे बच्चों को सुलाने के लिए क्या चाल चली?
Answer:
The poor woman continued to sprinkle water on the pan and gave the children the impression that food was being cooked. With this hope, the children went to sleep.
गरीब महिला ने पतीले पर पानी छिड़कना जारी रखा और बच्चों को यह महसूस कराया कि खाना पक रहा है। इसी उम्मीद से बच्चे सो गये।

Question 11.
How did Birju help the woman feed her children?
बिरजू ने बच्चों को खाना खिलाने में महिला की सहायता किस प्रकार की?
Answer:
Seeing the condition of the children, tears yelled up in Birju’s eyes. He walked out and searched the lanes of the village and found a grocery store. He succeeded in opening the lock of the door. He carried two sacks and placed them at the woman’s feet. This is how he helped the woman feed her children.

बच्चों की दशा देखकर बिरजू की आँखों में आँसू आ गये। वह बाहर आया और गाँव की गलियों में घूमा। अन्ततः उसे एक अनाज का भण्डार मिल गया। वह उसके दरवाजे का ताला खोलने में सफल हो गया। उसने अनाज के दो बोरे उठाये और महिला के पैरों पर लाकर रख दिए। बच्चों को खाना खिलाने में बिरजू ने महिला की इस प्रकार सहायता की।

Question 12.
How did Swami Arvasu react when Birju told him what he had done?
स्वामी अर्वासु की क्या प्रतिक्रिया थी जब बिरजू ने उन्हें बताया कि उसने क्या किया
Answer:
When Birju told Swami Arvasu what he had done, he was shocked. He told Birju that a wrong action could not be justified by lame excuses. A sin is a sin. He asked Birju to leave the place next morning.

जब बिरजू ने स्वामी अर्वासु को बताया कि उसने क्या किया है, तब उन्हें गहरा धक्का लगा। उन्होंने बिरजू से कहा कि झूठे बहानों से गलत कार्य को सही नहीं ठहराया जा सकता है। पाप तो पाप है। उन्होंने बिरजू से अगली सुबह वह जगह छोड़ देने के लिए कहा।

Question 13.
What miracle did the sage and his followers witness the next morning? [2009, 17]
साधु और उसके अनुयायियों ने अगली सुबह क्या चमत्कार देखा? ।
Answer:
The sage and his followers witnessed the next morning that there was a dazzling light in the sky and a huge bird-like creature was descending from the sky. They saw a young man clad in fine clothes getting down from the Pushpak Viman.

अगली सुबह साधु एवं उसके अनुयायियों ने आकाश में तेज रोशनी देखी और एक विशाल चिड़िया के आकार वाली वस्तु उतरते देखी। उन्होंने पुष्पक विमान से सुन्दर कपड़े पहने एक नौजवान को उतरते देखा।

Question 14.
What did Swami Arvasu think on seeing the celestial vehicle?
दिव्य वाहन को देखकर स्वामी अर्वासु ने क्या सोचा?
Answer:
Seeing the celestial vehicle, Swami Arvasu thought that Lord Indra had sent his messenger to take him to heaven. He thought that the day of his Nirvana had come.
दिव्य शक्ति को देखकर स्वामी अर्वासु ने सोचा कि भगवान इन्द्र ने उसे [स्वामी को] लेने के लिए अपना दूत भेजा है। उसे लगा कि उसके निर्वाण का दिवस आ गया है।

Question 15.
What, according to Brahmadatta made Birju, the thief, nobler than Swami Arvasu, the sage? [2011]
ब्रह्मदत्त के अनुसार चोर बिरजू किस प्रकार स्वामी अर्वासु से अधिक महान् हो गया?
Answer:
According to Brahmadatta, Birju’s kind act last night surpassed all the virtuous deeds of Swami Arvasu. He said if the end is noble then the means are not all that important. Even though Birju’s means were improper, his end was virtuous.

ब्रह्मदत्त के अनुसार बिरजू का पिछली रात्रि का दयालु कृत्य स्वामी अर्वासु के सभी गुणी कार्यों से ऊपर है। उसने बताया कि यदि उद्देश्य अच्छा है तो साधन महत्वपूर्ण नहीं होते। यद्यपि बिरजू के साधन अनुचित थे, उसका उद्देश्य अच्छा था।

Question 16.
Do you think that the title of the story is suitable to its content? कहानी में दिए गये तत्व के अनुसार क्या उसका शीर्षक उचित है?
Answer:
The title of the story is suitable to its content. Though Birju was involved in theft, he wanted to help the hungry children: Thus his means were wrong but his end was virtuous.

कहानी में दिए गये तत्व के अनुसार उसका शीर्षक उचित है। यद्यपि बिरजू चोरी में लिप्त था किन्तु वह भूखे बच्चों की सहायता करना चाहता था। इस प्रकार उसका माध्यम अनुचित था किन्तु उसका उद्देश्य अच्छा था।

MP Board Solutions

Language Practice

(A) निम्न वाक्यों को एक क्रिया Past simple तथा दूसरी Past continuous में उपयोग कर पूरा कीजिये।
Answer:

  1. I was reading the newspaper, when suddenly I heard a loud knock on the door.
  2. I phoned Gopi an hour ago. He was doing his homework.
  3. I first met Megha a couple of years ago. She was working at the Royal Hospital at that time.
  4. We asked Prince to come with us, but he was watching the foot ball match on T. V.
  5. While I was driving to work this morning, I almost had a serious accident.
  6. When we were shopping last week, we found a nice place to have coffee.

(B) Verb की Simple past या present perfect form से रिक्त स्थान भरिए :
Answer:
I was born in 1965. I first went to school in 1970. At that time I was very young. I have been at school for three years and I made many friends. My father bought me a cycle last year. I have had this cycle for one year. I had an accident last month, and I have not ridden it since then.

(C) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के रिक्त स्थानों को Verb की simple past एवं past perfect form fy:
Answer:

  1. I was late. The meeting had started an hour ago.
  2. They had not come even though we sent them a special invitation.
  3. It was a good story, but I had heard it before.
  4. We had lost our way. We did not know what to do.
  5. As soon as we had finished work, we went home.

(D) faut parceti ant going to……….but o sum fifty :
Answer:

  1. I was going to the cinema, but I didn’t have any money.
  2. Ashoo was going to play football, but he forgot his boots.
  3. We were going to swimming, but it was too cold.
  4. They were going to visit Oxford, but they didn’t have any time.
  5. He was going to see the play, but there were no seats.
  6. I was going to do my home work, but I had forgotten my books.

MP Board Solutions

Ends And Means Summary

– Ramendra Kumar

यह अध्याय स्वामी अर्वासु नामक साधु और बिरजू नामक चोर के विषय में है। साधु अर्वासु के प्रवचन सुनकर चोर का हृदय परिवर्तन हो जाता है और वह उस साधु का शिष्य बन जाता है। एक दिन साधु उसे आग जलाने के लिए लकड़ी लाने को कहते हैं। शिष्य बिरजानन्द लकड़ी ढूँढ़ते-ढूँढ़ते एक ऐसे घर पहुँचता है जहाँ दो बच्चे और एक माँ बहुत लम्बे समय से भूखे रहकर जर्जर काया में परिवर्तित हो गये हैं। बिरजानन्द यह दृश्य देखकर द्रवित हो जाता है और पास के एक मकान में चोरी करके उस परिवार को अनाज लाकर देता है। वह अपने गुरु साधु अर्वासु के पास लौटकर उन्हें पूरी बात बताता है। साधु उसकी चोरी की बात सुनकर बेहद क्रोधित हो जाते हैं और अगले दिन प्रातः उसे स्थान छोड़ने का आदेश देते हैं। बिरजानन्द दुःखी मन से गुरु की बात मान लेता है। अगले दिन सुबह अचानक पुष्पक विमान से ब्रह्मदत्त नामक व्यक्ति वहाँ आता है। साधु अर्वासु अपने शिष्यों से कहते हैं कि भगवान इन्द्र ने उन्हें लिवाने के लिए भेजा है। किन्तु ब्रह्मदत्त बताते हैं कि उन्हें तो बिरजानन्द को साथ ले जाना है तो साधु अर्वासु कहते हैं कि वह तो चोर है। इस पर ब्रह्मदत्त साधु को समझाते हैं कि इसने गरीब की मदद करने के लिए चोरी की है, अतः यह चोर नहीं है। यद्यपि उसका तरीका अनैतिक था किन्तु बिरजानन्द का उद्देश्य नैतिक था।

The Spectrum Textbook General English Class 12th Solutions

MP Board Class 12th Special Hindi Sahayak Vachan Solutions Chapter 7 भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर

MP Board Class 12th Special Hindi सहायक वाचन Solutions Chapter 7 भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर (लेख, कुमार गंधर्व)

भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर अभ्यास प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
लता के गायन की विशेषताएँ लिखिए। (2016)
अथवा
भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर के गायन की विशेषताएँ लिखिए तथा बताइए कि लताजी की लोकप्रियता का मुख्य मर्म क्या है? (2009)
उत्तर:
लेखक का स्पष्ट मत है कि लता के जोड़ की गायिका हुई ही नहीं है। लता के कारण चित्रपट संगीत को और मनोरंजन की दुनिया को विलक्षण लोकप्रियता प्राप्त हुई है, यही नहीं लोगों का शास्त्रीय संगीत की ओर देखने का दृष्टिकोण भी बदला है। लता के गाने की मुख्य विशेषताएँ उसका ‘गानपन’ है। लता के गाने की एक और विशेषता है, उसके स्वरों की निर्मलता। लता के स्वरों में कोमलता और मुग्धता है। ऐसा अनुभव होता है कि लता का जीवन की ओर देखने का जो दृष्टिकोण है वही उसके गायन की निर्मलता में झलक रहा है। लता के गाने की एक और महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है उसका ‘नादमय उच्चार’। उसके गीत के किन्हीं दो शब्दों का अन्तर स्वरों के आलाप द्वारा बड़ी सुन्दर रीति से भरा रहता है और ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि वे दोनों शब्द विलीन होते-होते एक-दूसरे में मिल जाते हैं। यद्यपि गाने में यह बात पैदा करना बहुत कठिन है, परन्तु लता के साथ यह अत्यन्त सहज और स्वाभाविक ही बैठी है। वास्तव में,चित्रपट संगीत के क्षेत्र की लता साम्राज्ञी हैं।

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 2.
“लता ने करुण रस के साथ उतना न्याय नहीं किया है। बजाए इसके, मुग्ध श्रृंगार की अभिव्यक्ति करने वाले गाने लता ने बड़ी उत्कटता से गाए हैं।” इस कथन से आप कहाँ तक सहमत हैं?
उत्तर:
लता द्वारा चित्रपट :
संगीत के क्षेत्र में गाये गये गीतों पर यदि दृष्टि डाली जाये तो एक पल को यह कथन उचित ही प्रतीत होता है कि “लता ने करुण रस के साथ उतना न्याय नहीं किया है। बजाए इसके, मुग्ध श्रृंगार की अभिव्यक्ति करने वाले गाने लता ने बड़ी उत्कटता से गाए हैं”,किन्तु हमें यह नहीं भूलना चाहिए कि चित्रपट-संगीत की दुनिया में यह अधिकार गायक अथवा गायिका के पास नहीं होता कि उसे किस प्रकार के गाने गाने को मिलें, अपितु संगीत दिग्दर्शक अपनी पसन्द से गायक-गायिकाओं को गाने गाने के लिए चुनकर देते हैं। अतः, इसे लता की व्यावसायिक मजबूरी अथवा सीमा से उत्पन्न स्थिति ही कहा जाये तो बेहतर होगा कि स्वर कोकिला को करुण रस को व्यक्त करने वाले गाने उतनी संख्या में नहीं मिल सके कि वह इस रस में भी अपने कौशल का प्रभावशाली प्रदर्शन कर पातीं, तथापि उन्हें जब-जब भी अवसर मिला उन्होंने करुण रस के साथ भी पूरा न्याय किया है।

उपर्युक्त चर्चा से स्पष्ट है कि गायकी के क्षेत्र में लता की विविधताएँ असीमित हैं और उनके कौशल का लोहा संगीत प्रेमी भली प्रकार मानते हैं। यह मात्र संयोग ही है कि जिन भी संगीत दिग्दर्शकों के साथ उन्होंने कार्य किया है,वे लता को करुण रस की अभिव्यक्ति वाले गाने पर्याप्त मात्रा में गाने को नहीं दे सके।

प्रश्न 3.
शास्त्रीय संगीत और चित्रपट संगीत में अन्तर बतलाइए। (2012)
उत्तर:
लेखक के अनुसार शास्त्रीय संगीत और चित्रपट संगीत के मध्य किसी भी प्रकार की तुलना करना बेमानी है। उसका कारण यह है कि शास्त्रीय संगीत और चित्रपट संगीत में तुलना हो ही नहीं सकती। जहाँ गंभीरता शास्त्रीय संगीत का स्थायी भाव है वहीं द्रुत लय और चपलता चित्रपट संगीत का मुख्य गुणधर्म है। चित्रपट संगीत का ताल प्राथमिक अवस्था का ताल होता है, जबकि शास्त्रीय संगीत में ताल अपने परिष्कृत रूप में पाया जाता है। चित्रपट संगीत में आधे तालों का उपयोग किया जाता है। उसकी लयकारी बिल्कुल भिन्न होती है, आसान होती है। यहाँ गीत और आघात को अधिक महत्त्व दिया जाता है तथा सुलभता और लोच को अग्र स्थान पर रखा जाता है। चित्रपट संगीत द्वारा लोगों की अभिजात्य संगीत से जान-पहचान होती है। वास्तव में,चित्रपट संगीत का तंत्र ही अलग है। यहाँ नवनिर्मित की बहुत गुंजाइश है।

प्रश्न 4.
“चित्रपट संगीत ने लोगों के कान बिगाड़ दिए हैं।” आप इस कथन से कहाँ तक सहमत हैं?
उत्तर:
यदि यह बात कही जाये तो कोई अतिशयोक्ति न होगी कि 70-80वें दशक तक का चित्रपट संगीत, शास्त्रीय संगीत की दृष्टि से भी उच्च कोटि का था, किन्तु उसके बाद के चित्रपट संगीत में हास का दौर प्रारम्भ हुआ जो आज तक जारी है। बीच-बीच में कुछेक फिल्मों के संगीत में अवश्य ही पुराने दौर के गीत-संगीत की झलक दिखाई पड़ी,किन्तु कमोबेश स्थिति बद-से-बदतर होती चली गयी। नये दौर के चित्रपट संगीत में न तो पहले जैसी कर्णप्रिय धुनें थीं और न ही संगीत दिग्दर्शकों की व्यक्तिगत सोच ही परिलक्षित होती थी। नित्य नये विकसित वाद्ययंत्रों उच्चकोटि की लाजवाब प्रौद्योगिकी के बाद भी आज के दौर का चित्रपट संगीत अपनी गहरी और लम्बी छाप नहीं छोड़ सका है।

वर्तमान में,चित्रपट संगीत का आलम यह है कि कोई गाना आज बनता, कल सुना जाता है और परसों तक लोग उसे भूल जाते हैं। इस दौर का संगीत कानफाडू वाद्य यन्त्रों की सहायता से श्रोता के शरीर को तो हो सकता उत्तेजित कर सका हो,किन्तु किसी भी अर्थों में वह सुनने वालों के मन-मस्तिष्क में नहीं उतर सका है। इस स्थिति का एक बड़ा दुष्परिणाम यह भी हुआ है कि आजकल का श्रोता इस कानफाड़ चित्रपट संगीत को सुन-सुनकर अच्छे संगीत की समझ खो चुका है।

उपर्युक्त चर्चा से स्पष्ट है कि चित्रपट संगीत ने लोगों के कान बिगाड़ दिए हैं और उन्हें शास्त्रीय संगीत नीरस और उबाऊ प्रतीत होने लगा है।

प्रश्न 5.
संगीत के क्षेत्र को विस्तीर्ण क्यों कहा गया है?
उत्तर:
लेखक ने संगीत के क्षेत्र को विस्तीर्ण कहा है, क्योंकि उसके अनुसार संगीत के क्षेत्र में अब तक अलक्षित, असंशोधित और अदृष्टिपूर्ण ऐसा बहुत बड़ा प्रान्त है जिसकी खोज अथवा जिस पर कार्य होना अभी बाकी है। वास्तव में,संगीत एक ऐसी विधा है, जिसमें असीम सम्भावनाएँ हैं, करने के लिए काफी कुछ है। प्रयोगधर्मियों के लिए संगीत जैसा विस्तीर्ण क्षेत्र कोई दूसरा नहीं है। संगीत के क्षेत्र में होने वाले नित नए प्रयोग और कार्य इसे और भी सम्भावनाओं वाला क्षेत्र बनाते हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
स्वर साम्राज्ञी लता मंगेशकर’ पर एक लघु निबन्ध लिखिए।
उत्तर:
वैसे तो भारतीय भूमि पर एक से बढ़कर एक कलाकारों,साहित्यकारों, वैज्ञानिकों और राजनेताओं ने जन्म लिया है, परन्तु इनमें से कुछेक ऐसे भी होते हैं, जो अपने कौशल के कारण जीवित किवदन्ती बन जाते हैं। ऐसी ही एक जीवित किवदन्ती हैं-स्वर साम्राज्ञी, स्वर कोकिला-लता मंगेशकर।

सुप्रसिद्ध गायक दीनानाथ मंगेशकर की सुपुत्री लताजी को यदि भारतीय चित्रपट संगीत का पर्याय कहा जाये तो कोई अतिशयोक्ति न होगी। उन्होंने अपने कोकिल कण्ठ के मीठे व कोमल स्वरों से आम जनमानस को आनन्दित करने का जो भागीरथ कार्य किया है उसकी जितनी भी प्रशंसा की जाये कम ही होगी।

यूँ तो लताजी के चित्रपट संगीत की दुनिया में कदम रखने से पूर्व और पश्चात् सैकड़ों गायिकाओं ने अपनी-अपनी आवाजों का जादू बिखेरा, किन्तु लताजी के गाये गीतों का नशा हर भारतीय के सिर चढ़कर बोला। सच कहा जाये तो भारतीय गायिकाओं में लता जी के जोड़ की दूसरी कोई गायिका हुई ही नहीं। लताजी के कारण चित्रपट संगीत और मनोरंजन की दुनिया को विलक्षण लोकप्रियता प्राप्त हुई है, यही नहीं लोगों का शास्त्रीय संगीत की ओर देखने का दृष्टिकोण भी पूरी तरह बदला है। उनकी अभिप्रेरणा से देश के कोने-कोने यहाँ तक कि विदेशों में भी बच्चे-बड़े स्वर में गाने गुनगुनाते रहे हैं। सुरों से सजे गाने सुनकर लताजी के श्रोता उनका अनुकरण करने का प्रयास करते रहे हैं।

लता मंगेशकर की लोकप्रियता का मुख्य मर्म उनके गायन में मौजूद ‘गानपन’ है। लताजी के स्वरों में कोमलता और मुग्धता है। उनके गले की हरकतें’ सामान्य से गाने को भी असाधारण रूप में परिवर्तित करने में सक्षम हैं। शास्त्रीय संगीत का गहरा ज्ञान लताजी को अपना सर्वश्रेष्ठ देने के योग्य बनाता है। उनके गाने की एक और विशेषता है, उनके स्वरों की निर्मलता। उनके गायन में एक अजब-सी मिठास है, जो श्रोता को बाँधे रखती है। लताजी की एक बड़ी विशेषता और है और वह है उनका ‘नादमय उच्चार’।

चित्रपट संगीत के क्षेत्र की लताजी निर्विवाद साम्राज्ञी हैं। उनकी लोकप्रियता के शिखर का स्थान अचल है। नयी पीढ़ी के संगीत को संस्कारित करने और सामान्य मनुष्य में संगीत विषयक अभिरुचि पैदा करने में उनका उल्लेखनीय योगदान रहा है। संगीत की लोकप्रियता, उसके प्रसार और अभिरुचि के विकास का श्रेय लताजी को जाता है। हम सभी वास्तव में बहुत सौभाग्यशाली हैं कि हम इस कालजयी कलाकार को देख-सुन पा रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
पाठ में विभिन्न प्रदेशों के विविध लोकगीतों की चर्चा की गई है। आप भी अपनी क्षेत्रीय बोली का कोई लोकगीत लिखिए तथा उसका मातृभाषा में अनुवाद कीजिए।
उत्तर:
विद्यार्थी स्वयं लिखें।

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भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
लता मंगेशकर के पिताजी का नाम क्या था? वह क्या थे?
उत्तर:
लता मंगेशकर के पिताजी का नाम दीनानाथ मंगेशकर था। वह अपने जमाने के सुप्रसिद्ध गायक थे।

प्रश्न 2.
शास्त्रीय गायकी से आप क्या समझते हैं?
उत्तर:
शास्त्रीय गायकी गायन की एक ऐसी विधा है जिसमें गायन को कुछ निर्धारित नियमों के अन्दर ही गाया बजाया जाता है। ख्याल, ध्रुपद, धमार आदि शास्त्रीय गायकी के अन्तर्गत ही आते हैं।

भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर पाठ का सारांश

‘कुमार गंधर्व’ द्वारा लिखित प्रस्तुत लेख, भारतीय गायिकाओं में बेजोड़ लता मंगेशकर’ में स्वर साम्राज्ञी, लता मंगेशकर’ की प्रशंसा बहुत ही सुन्दर एवं विश्लेषणात्मक ढंग से की गई है।

लेखक के अनुसार भारत-भूमि पर अब तक सैकड़ों प्रतिभाशाली एवं सुरीले कण्ठ वाली गायिकाएँ पैदा हुई हैं, जिन्होंने अपने गायन से जन-जन को आनन्दित एवं प्रभावित किया है, किन्तु इन सब में से लता मंगेशकर का स्थान निर्विवादित रूप से सर्वोच्च है। लताजी का गायन व्यक्ति के तन से होता हुआ मन तक पहुँचता है और अन्तस को एक पारलौकिक अनुभूति प्रदान करता है। सुप्रसिद्ध गायक दीनानाथ मंगेशकर की सुपुत्री लता मंगेशकर की आवाज जितनी कोमल है, उतनी ही उसमें मिठास भी है। लताजी का गायन सुप्रसिद्ध चित्रपट-गायिका नूरजहाँ से भी कहीं बेहतर और मर्म को छू लेने वाला है।

लेखक के अनुसार लताजी के कारण चित्रपट संगीत और मनोरंजन की दुनिया को विलक्षण लोकप्रियता प्राप्त हुई है, साथ ही, लोगों का शास्त्रीय संगीत की ओर देखने का दृष्टिकोण भी एकदम बदला है। ये लताजी के कण्ठ का ही जादू है जो साधारण प्रकार के लोगों को भी संगीत के सुर-ताल और लय की सक्ष्मता समझ में आने लगी है। वास्तव में संगीत की लोकप्रियता, उसके प्रसार और अभिरुचि के विकास का श्रेय लताजी को ही देना पड़ेगा।

लताजी की लोकप्रियता का मुख्य मर्म उनका ‘गानपन’ है। उनके गाने की एक और विशेषता है, उसके स्वरों की निर्मलता। लताजी के स्वरों में कोमलता और मुग्धता है। साथ ही, लताजी के गाने में ‘नादमय उच्चार’ का भी अपना महत्त्व है।

लेखक के अनुसार शास्त्रीय संगीत और चित्रपट संगीत की तुलना बेमानी है। जहाँ गंभीरता शास्त्रीय संगीत का स्थायी भाव है वहीं द्रुतलय और चपलता चित्रपट संगीत का मुख्य गुणधर्म है। यह ठीक है कि चित्रपट संगीत से जुड़े व्यक्ति के लिए शास्त्रीय संगीत का ज्ञान होना परमावश्यक है और वह ज्ञान लताजी के पास नि:संशय भरपूर है। लताजी चित्रपट संगीत के क्षेत्र की सर्वमान्य साम्राज्ञी हैं। उनकी लोकप्रियता दुनिया के कोने-कोने में है। लताजी जैसा कलाकार शताब्दियों में एकाध ही पैदा होता है। यह हमारा सौभाग्य है कि हम शताब्दियों के इस कलाकार को यूँ जीता-जागता, घूमता-फिरता देख पा रहे हैं।

MP Board Class 12th Hindi Solutions

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 5 Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 5 Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves

Micro Economics Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves Important Questions

Micro Economics Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves Objective Type Questions

Questions 1.
Choose the correct answers:

Questions 1.
1. Administrative price is:
(a) Price ceiling
(b) Price floor
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

Questions 2.
Minimum support price of wheat is called:
(a) Price ceiling
(b) Price floor
(c) Market price
(d) Equilibrium price.
Answer:
(b) Price floor

Questions 3.
Which of the following is the component of instrument pricing:
(a) Rent
(b) Wages
(c) Interest
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Interest

Questions 4.
Which factors help in the determination of equilibrium price:
(a) Demand
(b) Supply
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Questions 5.
Which among the following statement is not true:
(a) Demand of labor is done by the producer
(b) Demand of labor depends open its productivity
(c) Marginal productivity of a labor is his maximum wages
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Questions 6.
Excess demand can be seen in:
(a) Fixed market price
(b) Lowest fixed price
(c) Highest fixed price
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Highest fixed price

MP Board Solutions

Questions 2.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. Price range and price floor are also called prices.
  2. The other name of minimum determined price is
  3. According to modem view point, rent increases because of land.
  4. presented FAD principle.
  5. Instrument demand is demand.

Answer:

  1. Administrative
  2. Price floor
  3. Scarcity
  4. Prof. Amartya Sen
  5. Derivative.

Questions 3.
State true or false:

  1. Main objective of price range determination is to earn profit.
  2. The price floor is also called lowest fixed price.
  3. In independent market system, prices of goods and services are determined by the forces of demand and supply.
  4. Price range and price floor differ from market oriented prices.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. True.

Questions 4.
Match the following:
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 5 Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves img-1
Answer:

  1. (b)
  2. (c)
  3. (a).

Questions 5.
Answer the following in one word/sentence:

  1. What is price determination over the equilibrium price called?
  2. Write any one problem that arise as a result of price limit.
  3. Which price protects the interests of the producers?
  4. What determines the price of the goods?

Answer:

  1. Price floor
  2. Black marketing
  3. Price floor
  4. Demand and Supply.

MP Board Solutions

Simple Applications of Demand and Supply Curves Very Short Answer Type Questions.

Questions 1.
What is administrative price?
Answer:
If price of any goods or services is determined by the government’s upper limit or minimum limit, then it is called administrative price.

Questions 2.
What is price floor?
Answer:
Price floor means minimum support price fixed by the government.

Questions 3.
Write two results of highest fixed prices of the government.
Answer:

  1. Long wait
  2. Load on budget.

Questions 4.
Give example of price floor.
Answer:
Example of price floor: Under the minimum wage legislation, the government determines the minimum wages given to workers.

MP Board Solutions

Questions 5.
Why does the completing labor curve turns to the left after a certain wage level?
Answer:
After a certain level, the fulfillment of labor decreases because after getting more wages from same level, the labor gives more importance to comfort-ability/rest than work. In such a situation, the completing labor curve becomes a curve turning towards the back.

Questions 6.
How natural disasters bring starvation?
Answer:
Natural calamities such as floods, droughts, etc. reduce the production of essential food grains, which leads to the fall in food supply as compared to demand. Additional demand of food grains increases the price of food grains, which results in poor people being deprived of food grains and the problem of starvation arises in the area.

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions

MP Board Class 12th Special Hindi Sahayak Vachan Solutions Chapter 8 छोटे-छोटे सुख

MP Board Class 12th Special Hindi सहायक वाचन Solutions Chapter 8 छोटे-छोटे सुख (ललित निबंध, रामदरश मिश्र)

छोटे-छोटे सुख अभ्यास प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
रामदरश मिश्र उन सारे कार्यों के प्रति उदासीन क्यों रहे, जो तरक्की के लिए जरूरी हैं?
उत्तर:
वास्तव में,लेखक महोदय का मन सदैव से ही बड़ा अल्पाकांक्षी है। आवश्यकता के लिए दौड़-भाग करने के अतिरिक्त, तरक्की के चक्कर में पड़कर स्वयं को लहूलुहान कर लेना लेखक के लिए वश की बात नहीं। लेखक को यदि तेज रफ्तार जिन्दगी की भागमभाग में जब कभी शामिल होना पड़ा तो हुए-अर्थात् पढ़ाई के लिए, नौकरी के लिए या किसी संकट के समय, किन्तु उन्नति के लिए योजनाएँ बना-बनाकर यहाँ-वहाँ भागते फिरने उन्हें कभी रास नहीं आया। इसलिए वह उन सारे कार्यों के प्रति उदासीन रहे, जो तरक्की के लिए जरूरी समझे जाते हैं।

MP Board Solutions

प्रश्न 2.
“घर घुसरे मन के बावजूद लेखक को सब कुछ मिल गया।” विवेचना कीजिए।
उत्तर:
लेखक के लिए उसकी सबसे बड़ी दुनिया थी उसका घर। बाहर जितनी देर तक रहना जरूरी होता उतनी देर ही लेखक बाहर रहते थे,फिर घर की ओर भाग खड़े होते थे। वास्तव में,लेखक का मन बड़ा ही अल्पाकांक्षी है,उसे थोड़े से ही सन्तुष्टि मिल जाती है। उसे भागमभाग करने की उत्तेजना प्राप्त नहीं होती। लेखक को भागमभाग में शामिल होना ही पड़ा,तो हुआअर्थात् पढ़ाई के लिए, नौकरी के लिए या किसी के संकट के समय। उन्नति के लिए योजनाएँ बनाकर यहाँ-वहाँ भागते फिरना तथा कुछ अनचाहा पाने की दौड़ में स्वयं को लहूलुहान कर लेना लेखक को कभी भी रास नहीं आया। लेखक को उनके मन की इस घर-घुसरी प्रकृति के बावजूद काफी कुछ मिला, भले ही देर से सही, भले ही मात्रा में कम मिला, किन्तु मिला। लेखक को तो कभी-कभी इस बात पर आश्चर्य होता है कि उसे इतना सब कुछ कब और कैसे मिल गया, जिसके लिए उसने कभी भी विशेष प्रयास नहीं किये थे।

प्रश्न 3.
“मैं छोटा आदमी हूँ और छोटा बना रहना चाहता हूँ।” मिश्रजी के इस कथन का आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर:
मिश्रजी स्वयं को एक साधारण और छोटा आदमी समझते हैं और चाहते हैं कि वे छोटे ही बने रहें। उन्हें ऐसे बड़प्पन की कल्पना मात्र से डर लगता है, जब उनका समस्त व्यक्तिगत सुख,खाँसना-खखारना,उठना-बैठना मीडिया के माध्यम से लोगों में समाचार बनकर फैलता रहे। मिश्रजी नहीं चाहते कि वे बड़े आदमी बनें और अपने आत्मीय लोगों तक से उन्हें एक विशेष दूरी बना कर रखनी पड़े अथवा उनके अपने लोग उनसे दूरी बनाकर रखें। वह छोटा आदमी ही बने रहना चाहते हैं जिससे उनके निजी सुख-दुःख उनके निजी ही रहें। वह अपने मन के अनुसार कहीं भी आ-जा सकें, किसी से भी घुल-मिल सकें और कुछ भी, कहीं भी खा-पी सकें। मिश्र जी स्वयं को सामान्य लोगों के मध्य पाकर प्रसन्नता का अनुभव करते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
मिश्रजी ने जिन छोटे-छोटे सुखों की चर्चा की है, उनकी एक सूची बनाइए।
उत्तर:
मिश्रजी के अनुसार छोटा ही सही, किन्तु सबसे बड़ा सुख यह होता है कि जीवन अपने मन से जिया जाये-चाहे वह साहित्यिक जीवन हो, सामाजिक जीवन हो अथवा पारिवारिक जीवन। मिश्र जी के लिए छोटी-छोटी उपलब्धियाँ भी बहुत बड़ी हैं। मिश्र जी अपार सुख का अनुभव करते हैं जब रेलवे स्टेशन पर टिकट आरक्षित करा लेते हैं या फिर किसी अस्पताल में स्वयं को या अपने घर के किसी परिजन को दिखा लेते हैं अथवा यात्रा में अच्छे लोग मिल जाते हैं अथवा यात्रा शुरू होने से पूर्व तथा समाप्त होने के पश्चात् कोई भला टैक्सी वाला या ऑटो वाला मिल जाता है। मिश्रजी को तब भी असीम आनन्द और सुख प्राप्त होता है जब सीढ़ियों पर चढ़ते समय कोई युवती उनकी पत्नी की सहायता करने को तत्पर दिखाई पड़ती है। वास्तव में, मिश्रजी संतोषी प्रवृत्ति के,छोटे से सुख में ही बड़ेपन का अनुभव करने वाले सीधे सरल व्यक्तित्व के स्वामी हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
बड़प्पन प्राप्ति की कल्पना से मिश्रजी को भय क्यों लगता है?
उत्तर:
मिश्रजी स्वयं को एक सामान्य व्यक्ति समझते हैं और सामान्य व्यक्तियों के बीच खो जाना चाहते हैं। उन्हें बड़प्पन प्राप्ति की कल्पना मात्र से बहुत डर का अनुभव होता है। उनके अनुसार बड़ा आदमी बनने का मतलब है समस्त व्यक्तिगत सुख, खाँसना-खखारना, उठना-बैठना इत्यादि का,मीडिया के माध्यम से लोगों में समाचार बनकर फैलना। बड़े व्यक्ति होकर वे किसी भी ऐसे कार्यक्रम में नहीं जा सकेंगे जहाँ उन्हें आमन्त्रित न किया गया हो, किसी सार्वजनिक स्थान पर लोग उन्हें घेर कर खड़े होंगे,किन्तु उन्हें उनसे एक निश्चित दूरी बनाकर ही बात करनी पड़ेगी, आम व्यक्ति की तरह वह हँस-बोल नहीं सकेंगे,मनचाही जगह आ-जा नहीं सकेंगे और न ही मनचाहा खा-पी सकेंगे। बड़ा बनते ही उन्हें बड़प्पन का एक ऐसा ‘चोला’ धारण करना पड़ेगा कि जिसमें उनकी निजता ही दम तोड़ देगी। मिश्रजी को ऐसे बड़प्पन की कल्पना मात्र से ही भय लगता है। वह तो चाहते हैं कि उनके व्यक्तिगत सुख-दुःख की बात उनके आस-पास ही चक्कर काटती रहे। उनकी त्रुटियाँ और उपलब्धियाँ उनके और उनके सगे-सम्बन्धियों के बीच ही होती रहें।

प्रश्न 6.
“रामदरश मिश्र आजीवन मनुष्यता के प्रति संवेदनशील बने रहे।” इस कथन की व्याख्या कीजिए।
उत्तर:
रामदरश मिश्र ‘सादा जीवन-उच्च विचार के मूल मन्त्र पर अपना जीवन काटने वाले एक संतोषी प्रवृत्ति के व्यक्ति हैं। वे बड़े बनने की खोखली मनोवृत्ति और तरक्की के इरादे से किए जाने वाले गोरखधन्धों से दूर रहने वाले एक साधारण प्राणी है। मिश्रजी जीवन में प्राप्त होने वाली छोटी-मोटी उपलब्धियों में से ही सुख के असीम क्षणों को खोज निकालने की कला के कुशल चितेरे हैं। जीवन-भर वे सगे-सम्बन्धियों, परिजनों एवं व्यक्तियों के प्रति संवेदनशील बने रहना चाहते हैं। उनका मन बड़ा ही अल्पाकांक्षी रहा है और वे मनुष्यता एवं मानव मूल्यों के प्रति सदैव ही संवेदनशील रहे। छोटे-बड़े कई ऐसे प्रकरण वे अपनी स्मृतियों में संजोए हुए हैं जो यह सिद्ध करते हैं कि मनुष्यता अभी मरी नहीं है, छोटे-छोटे भाव और क्रिया दीप्तियों के रूप में वह आज तक जीवित है और सम्भवतया मनुष्य के रहने तक जीवित रहेगी।

उपर्युक्त चर्चा के आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता है कि रामदरश मिश्र ने एक साधारण व्यक्ति होते हुए भी अपनी संतोषी प्रवृत्ति के कारण एक अच्छा व सुखमय जीवन व्यतीत किया है। साथ ही, वे आजीवन मनुष्यता के प्रति संवेदनशील बने रहे हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
मूर्ति उठाने वाली युवती से आपको क्या प्रेरणा मिलती है और क्यों?
उत्तर:
स्टेशन पर सीढ़ियाँ चढ़ते समय मिश्रजी की पत्नी से भारी मूर्ति लेकर उठाने वाली युवती के कृत्य से हमें यह प्रेरणा मिलती है कि हमें सदैव दूसरों की सहायता के लिए तत्पर रहना चाहिए। इस प्रकार जरूरतमन्दों की आवश्यकता के समय की गई सहायता से हमारा तो कुछ नहीं जाता अपितु सहायता प्राप्त करने वाले व्यक्ति से प्राप्त आशीर्वाद और शुभ वचन हमें जीवन में और अधिक अच्छा करने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं। कठिनाई के समय मूर्ति उठाने में मदद करने वाली उस युवती के निःस्वार्थ सेवा-भाव की स्मृति मिश्रजी जीवन भर संजोए रहे । हमें भी उस युवती के समान ही गरीब, असहाय,महिला, वृद्ध, रोगी इत्यादि की समय पड़ने पर भरपूर सहायता करनी चाहिए।

MP Board Solutions

छोटे-छोटे सुख अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
लेखक रामदरश मिश्र ने अपने मन के बारे में क्या लिखा है?
उत्तर:
लेखक रामदरश मिश्र के अनुसार उनका मन बड़ा ही अल्पाकांक्षी है। उसे आलसी या कायर भी कह सकते हैं। जो कहना हो,कह लीजिए उसे भागमभाग करने की उत्तेजना प्राप्त नहीं होती।

प्रश्न 2.
लेखक रामदरश मिश्र को सम्मान के रूप में आगरा में क्या मिला? उस समय उनके साथ और कौन था?
उत्तर:
लेखक रामदरश मिश्र को सम्मान के तहत आगरा में माँ सरस्वतीजी की एक भारी मूर्ति मिली थी। उस समय उनके साथ उनकी धर्मपत्नी मौजूद थीं।

छोटे-छोटे सुख पाठ का सारांश

सुप्रसिद्ध निबन्धकार ‘रामदरश मिश्र द्वारा लिखित प्रस्तुत ललित निबन्ध छोटे-छोटे सुख’ में लेखक ने तरक्की और उन्नति के लिए आपाधापी करने के स्थान पर संतोषी मनुष्य के जीवन में दिन-प्रतिदिन आने वाले छोटे,किन्तु महत्त्वपूर्ण सुखों के महत्त्व को प्रतिपादित किया है।

लेखक सदैव से ही संतोषी प्रवृत्ति के व अल्पाकांक्षी रहे हैं। पढ़ाई, नौकरी और अब सेवानिवृत्ति तक की लम्बी यात्रा में उन्हें जो प्राप्त हुआ,वे उसके लिए ईश्वर को धन्यवाद ज्ञापित करते हैं। इस दौरान उन्हें जो प्राप्त नहीं हो सका, वे उन सबके बारे में सोचना भी नहीं चाहते, क्योंकि वे उन्नति और तरक्की पाने की जुगत में स्वयं को असहाय ही पाते हैं। लेखक स्वयं को एक नितान्त साधारण व्यक्ति मानते हैं, एक ऐसा व्यक्ति जो बहुत बड़ा विद्वान अथवा साहित्यकार तो नहीं है,अपितु जो भी वह जानते हैं सदैव दूसरों के साथ वह अनुभव अथवा ज्ञान बाँटने को तत्पर रहते हैं। लेखक बड़े सुख की प्राप्ति की कामना में स्वयं को लहूलुहान करने की बजाय दिन-प्रतिदिन,जाने-अनजाने प्राप्त होने वाले छोटे-छोटे सुखों से सन्तुष्ट होने की बात कहते हैं। लेखक इतना बड़ा व्यक्ति भी नहीं बनना चाहते कि उन्हें लोगों से एक दूरी बनाकर रहना पड़े अथवा लोग स्वयं ही उनसे दूरी बनाने लगें। लेखक के अनुसार छोटा ही सही, किन्तु सबसे बड़ा सुख यह होता है कि जीवन अपने मन से जिया जाय–चाहे वह साहित्यिक हो, सामाजिक हो अथवा पारिवारिक जीवन हो। लेखक का मन बहुत अल्पतोषी है वह तो छोटी-छोटी बातों में ही सुख का अनुभव कर लेता है। लेखक अपने जीवन से जुड़ी हर उस छोटी-बड़ी घटना को याद रखना चाहता है, जिससे उसे लेशमात्र भी सुख की प्राप्ति हुई हो।

MP Board Class 12th Hindi Solutions

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination

Micro Economics Form of Market and price Determination Important Questions

Micro Economics Form of Market and price Determination Objective Type Questions

Questions 1.
Choose the correct answers:

Question 1.
Main feature of perfectly competitive market is:
(a) Uniform price
(b) Homogeneous product
(c) Large number of buyers and sellers
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 2.
The market in which there is free entry and exit is:
(a) Monopolistic competition market
(b) Imperfect competition market
(c) Perfect competitions market
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Perfect competitions market

Question 3.
There is inverse relation between demand and price of goods in:
(a) Only monopoly
(b) Only monopolistic competition
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Only perfect competition.
Answer:
(d) Only perfect competition.

Question 4.
According to which economist “Price of a commodity is determined by the forces of demand and supply”:
(a) Jevons
(b) Valros
(c) Marshall
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Marshall

Question 5.
Not a condition of equilibrium of monopoly firm:
(a) Average revenue = Marginal revenue
(b) Marginal revenue = Marginal cost
(c) Marginal cost curve cuts marginal revenue curve from downwards.
(d) Both (b) and (c).
Answer:
(a) Average revenue = Marginal revenue

Question 6.
Market price is found in:
(a) Short period market
(b) Long period market
(c) Very long period market
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Short period market

Question 7.
Demand curve of a firm is perfectly elastic in:
(a) Perfect competition
(b) Monopoly
(c) Monopolistic competition
(d) Oligopoly.
Answer:
(a) Perfect competition

MP Board Solutions

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

  1. The price on which demand and supply are equal, is called ………………..
  2. Price discrimination is possible in ……………….. market.
  3. Increase in total revenue by the sale of additional unit of the commodity is called ………………..
  4. If the supply of any good remains unchanged, and with the increase in demand its ……………….. increases.
  5. In perfect competition market, a firm is a ………………..
  6. Price ceiling is done by the ………………..
  7. In the ………………..period demand force is more effective.
  8. In ………………..market there should be two or more two firms.
  9. A group of firms is called ………………..
  10. The market for petrol is ………………..

Answer:

  1. Normal
  2. Monopolistic
  3. Marginal revenue
  4. Increase
  5. Price takes
  6. Government
  7. Short period
  8. Oligopoly
  9. Industry
  10. International.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
State true or false:

  1. Market of bricks is provincial.
  2. Normal price is imaginary.
  3. Imperfect competition is a practical approach.
  4. The forces of demand and supply remains in the state of equilibrium for a long period.
  5. Among the forces of demand and supply, either of the two determines the price of the goods.
  6. Under perfect competition firms themselves determine the price.
  7. Under monopolistic competition demand curve is uncertain.

Answer:

  1. False
  2. True
  3. True
  4. False
  5. False
  6. False
  7. True.

Question 4.
Match the following:
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-1
Answer:

  1. (c)
  2. (a)
  3. (e)
  4. (d)
  5. (b).

Question 5.
Answer the following in one word / sentence:

  1. The market was Tomatoes is known as?
  2. Market price revolves around?
  3. A perfectly competitive firm in the long period earns which type of profit?
  4. Who has given importance to time in the determination of price?
  5. Unusual gain or loss is found in which market competition?
  6. In practical life which competition is not found?

Answer:

  1. Very short period
  2. Normal price
  3. Normal profit
  4. Prof. Marshall
  5. Imperfect competition
  6. In case of perfect competition.

MP Board Solutions

Form of Market and price Determination Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is equilibrium price?
Answer:
The price at which the demand and supply of product is equal is called equilibrium point.

Question 2.
What is the effect on equilibrium price when demand and supply change?
Answer:
Changes in demand and supply is a normal process. It directly affects the equilibrium price sometimes demand is more than the supply, and supply sometimes exceeds the demand. Increase or decrease in both can cause a fall in equilibrium price.

Question 3.
What are the causes of changes in demand?
Answer:
Changes in demand can be of many reasons:

  1. Change in income of the consumer.
  2. Change in population.
  3. Change in habits, interest and income of the consumer.
  4. Change in availability of substitute goods.
  5. Change in price of related goods.

Question 4.
What are the causes of changes in the supply?
Answer:
Following causes can be responsible for the changes in the supply of a goods.

  1. Change in the price of raw material. .
  2. Change in availability of raw material.
  3. Change in the wages of the laborious
  4. Change in price of machinery.
  5. Change in the laws of production.
  6. Change in the techniques of production.

Question 5.
Define perfect competition.
Answer:
According to Prof. Marshall:
“The more nearly perfect market is the stronger, the tendency for the same price to be paid for the same thing at the same time in all parts of the market.”

Question 6.
What is market price?
Answer:
Market price is also known as short period price which is determined by temporary interaction of demand and supply. It is also known as temporary price.

Question 7.
What is normal price?
Answer:
Normal price is a long-term price of any commodity. It is determined with the interaction of demand and supply. It is an imaginary price and is not found in actual life.

MP Board Solutions

Question 8.
What is perfect competition?
Answer:
Perfect competition refers to market situation where there are large numbers of ‘buyers and seller’s. They have perfect knowledge about the market. Goods are homogeneous, perfect mobility of the factors of production and one price prevails in the market.

Question 9.
What is the effect of large number of buyers and sellers?
Answer:
In perfect competition, the number of buyers and sellers are very large. Each buyer buys a very small part of the product and is unable to influence the price output or price prevailing in the market. Likewise the supply of an individual seller is Very small in comparison to total supply and thus, he is unable to affect the price policy of the product alone by changing his supply.

Question 10.
Write three features of Monopolistic competition.
Answer:

  1. There are large number of buyers and sellers selling closely related, but not homogeneous products. Each firm has a limited share/control over the market. Large number of firms leads to competition in the market.
  2. The products of the sellers are differentiated but are close substitute of one another. The products produced by one firm is different from products produced by other firms.
  3. There is free entry and exit of firms.

MP Board Solutions

Question 11.
Why there are very few firms in Oligopoly market?
Answer:
Following reasons show that why few firms exist in Oligopoly:

  1. Huge set-up costs,
  2. Patent rights,
  3. License requirements,
  4. Control over raw materials, etc,
  5. Presence of cut throat competition among firms.

Question 12.
In perfect competition situation sellers and buyers have full knowledge about the market. What is its effect?
Answer:
In perfect competition buyers and sellers both have perfect knowledge about the prevailing market condition. Due to homogeneous product, the sellers can not sell the goods on different prices. This is the reason that the buyers and sellers accept the same price.

Question 13.
What do you mean by supply?
Answer:
Supply refers to the quantity of goods available for sale at a given price in a given market at a given time.

Question 14.
What do you mean by contraction of supply?
Answer:
Other factors remaining constant when a decrease in price causes fall in supply, it in called contraction of supply.

Question 15.
What do you mean by price control?
Answer:
Price control means fixation of price by law. At the controlled price quantity demanded in not equal to quantity supplied. The price is fixed by the government below the equilibrium price. Its aim is to make the goods available to poor.

MP Board Solutions

Question 16.
What do you mean by equilibrium price?
Answer:
The equilibrium price is that price at which its two determinants: Demand and supply are balanced or equal. Thus,
S = D.

Question 17.
What do you mean by explicit cost?
Answer:
Explicit cost refers to all those expenses made by a firm to buy goods directly. They include payment of raw material, taxes, wages, etc.

Question 18.
What do you mean by supported price?
Answer:
The government fixes the prices of several goods higher than their equilibrium price to protect the interest of farmers.

Question 19.
Define Monopoly market or Explain Monopoly.
Answer:
Monopoly is a market situation in which there is a single seller of a single, commodity. In this way, he can control the supply of the goods and also fixes the price according to his own choice.

Question 20.
What to you mean by Oligopoly?
Answer:
In oligopoly, there are few two or three producers or sellers. They deal in either homogeneous or different products. They compromise and form organization. The person or the organization who produces the maximum generally fix the prices.

Question 21.
What do you mean by dumping?
Answer:
When there are excess production the monopolist starts selling his goods at lower rate in other countries or dispose off, the goods it is called dumping.

Question 22.
What do you mean by monopolistic competition?
Answer:
It is the market situation in which there are many sellers of a particular product, but the product of each seller is in same way, differentiated in the minds of consumer from the product of every seller. It is the midway situation between perfect competition and monopoly.

MP Board Solutions

Form of Market and price Determination Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between Market Price and Normal Price.
Answer:
Differences between Market Price and Normal Price:
Market Price:

  1. Market price is a short term price.
  2. Market price always fluctuates.
  3. Market price may be less or more than the cost of production.
  4. Market price is the real price.
  5. Demand has got more impact on the determination of price.
  6. Market price can be fixed for both productive and reproductive goods.

Normal Price:

  1. Normal price is the long term price.
  2. Normal price remains stable.
  3. Normal price is always equal to the cost of production.
  4. Normal price is imaginary price.
  5. Supply has more importance in the determination of price.
  6. Normal price is fixed for reproductive goods only.

Question 2.
Write the characteristics of Market price?
Answer:
It has the following characteristics:
1. Short period price:
Market price is also known as short period price. In it prices will always be fluctuating. It will be of perishable goods and the demand will always influence the price. In this supply will be rigidly fixed. This will be very short period to meet the demand of the goods. Therefore, it is known as short period price.

2. Demand is active:
In the market price only demand will be. active. On the other hand there will be no effect of supply on it because it is passive. If demand increases price will go up and its vice versa. So, the supply is rigidly fixed in it. In other words supply is inelastic. So, in short period the effect of only demand can be seen on the price line.

3. Proportional relation between demand and supply:
Thirdly, there is proportionate relationship between demand and market price. If the demand increases two times,the price will too go double because the supply is rigidly fixed. Similarly will happen in the case of the fall of the demand. So, it can be said that there is direct relationship between the demand and the market price.

4. Market price is more or less to marginal cost:
Due to passiveness of the supply the market price may be more or less to marginal cost. It is because supply is inelastic. It never be increased. If the demand increases again and again the price will be very high and the marginal cost remain constant. So, it will be lower to price line. The same will be in the case of decrease of demand i.e., it will be high. So, market price can be more or less to marginal cost.

5. Market price is practical:
In our day-to-day life this market price can be seen. In market this price actually we get in our daily life. So, it is true to say that market price is practical and can be realized in our real life. Hence, it is said market price is practical. It can be visualized in our day to day economic life.

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
Write features of normal price.
Answer:
Normal price is long term price determined by the interactions of demand and supply.

  1. Normal price is long term price of durable goods. This price is determined by the interaction of demand and supply.
  2. In normal price both demand and supply are active. So, it has permanent equilibrium. Here, demand and supply both can be increased in due course of time.
  3. Normal price is imaginary price and is not found in actual market.
  4. Normal price is long term price, because it is determined by the permanent forces of demand and supply.
  5. In the determination of normal price, supply has got more importance because the producer has got enough time to meet the demand.
  6. Normal price is generally related with reproductive goods, because it relates with long term period.

Question 4.
Market for a goods is in equilibrium. Explain the chain of reaction in the market if the prices are.
Answer:
1. Higher than an equilibrium price:
When price prevailing in the markets is higher than that of equilibrium price, demand will be less than supply i.e., there is excess supply in the market. Excess supply will force the market price to slide down causing extension of demand and contraction of supply. This process will continue till equilibrium between supply and demand is stuck.
Thus, equilibrium price will be restored through the free play of market forces of demand and supply.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-2

2. Market price lower than equilibrium price:
In a situation of excess demand consumers are willing to buy greater amount of commodity than what the producers are willing to sell. Accordingly, price of the commodity will be pushed up. This will cause expansion of supply and contraction of demand. This process will continue till demand becomes equal to supply and equilibrium is stuck in the market.

Question 5.
Explain the effect of changes in demand and supply on equilibrium price?
Answer:
If there is a change in demand and supply, the demand curve and supply curve will also shift from their original position and as a result, the equilibrium price will change. This change can take place in three ways:

1. When the supply is fixed but the demand is changed:
If the supply does not change but there is a change in demand, the increase in demand will result in rise, in price and the decrease in demand will result in fall in price. It is clear from the diagram. Here, the DD curve is shifted to D1 D, the price will rise from QP to Q1 P and the quantity sold will be increased from OQ to OQ1. Conversely if the D1 D1 curve is shifted to DD or the demand is decreased, the price will full form Q1 P1 to QP and the quantity sold will fall from OQ1 to OQ.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-3

2. When the demand is fixed but the supply is changed: When the demand for a commodity is fixed but this is changed in supply, the supply curve will shift.The rise in supply will result in fall in price and the fall in supply will which result in rise in price. In the case of rise in supply, the supply curve will shift towards the right. If the supply falls, the supply curve will shift towards the left.

This can be explained with the help of diagram. Here, SS is shifted to S1S1 whereas DD curve is unchanged, hence the price is reduced from QP to Q1 P1 and the quantity sold is increased from OQ to OQ1. Conversely, the fall in supply i.e., from S1S1 to SS, the price will rise from Q1 P1 to QP and the quantity sold will reduce from OQ1 to OQ.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-4

Question 6.
“When equilibrium price of a good is less than its market price, there will be competition among the sellers.” Give reasons.
Answer:
When equilibrium price of a goods is less than its market price, there will be competition among the sellers. At a price lower than market price, there will be excess supply, i.e. supply will be more than demand.

Question 7.
“In monopoly in the long period the equilibrium of a firm may reach to zero.” Why?
Or
Why can a firm not earn abnormal proof its or zero under perfect competition in the long run?
Answer:
A firm under perfect competition can earn abnormal profit in the short-run and not in the long-run. When a firm is earning abnormal profit in the short-run. Then new firms will be motivated to enter the industry. With the entry of new firms in the industry, the total supply will increase. With the increase in the supply and total demand remaining same. The price will start decreasing as a result abnormal profits earned by the existing firms will start disappearing. This process will continue until all the firms earn only normal profit, i.e., zero abnormal profit.

MP Board Solutions

Question 8.
When is a firm called a price accept-or?
Answer:
A firm is able to accept the price when price of a good is determined by the forces of demand and supply, and at this price firm can sell any amount of goods in the market and no firm can influence the price. The reasons are:

  1. The large number of buyers and sellers cannot affect the supply in the market.
  2. Goods are homogeneous. If any firm changes price higher then the price prevailing in the market, then the buyers will switch on to other firms in the market.
  3. The buyers and sellers have complete knowledge about the market, so each firm is a price taker.

Question 9.
What is the effect of free entry and exist of firms in perfect competition?
Answer:
Implication of freedom of entry and exit of a firm under perfect competition: In perfect competition, there is free entry of new firms and exit of existing firms. New firms induced by large profit can enter the industry whereas in case of loss insufficient firms leave the industry. The implication of this feature of perfect competition is that no firm can earn abnormal profit in the long-run. The firm earns normal profit or minimum profit to remain in business.

Question 10.
What is the relation between market price and marginal revenue for a price taking firm?
Answer:
For a price taking firm, marginal revenue is equal to price:
If we decrease or increase a unit than the total revenue also changes. It is called marginal revenue.
Formula: MR = TRN — TRN-1 A price taking firm always accept the market price. So far its average revenue, marginal revenue and market price is equal. By totaling all the marginal revenues, total, revenues can be calculated.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-5

Question 11.
What will happen if the price prevailing in the market is.
(a) Above the equilibrium price?
(b) Below the equilibrium price?
Answer:
(a) In this case, many more firms will enter the market realizing that they can earn higher profit here than elsewhere. As a result, at prevailing price there will be excess supply in the market. This excess supply will lower the market price and the market price will be equal to equilibrium price.

(b) In this case many firms who are incurring losses will exit the industry. As a result, at a prevailing price, there will be excess demand. The excess demand will raise the market price and the market price will be equal to equilibrium price.

Question 12.
Suppose the demand and supply curves of a commodity X in a perfectly competition market are given by,
qd = 700 – P
qs = 500 + 3P for P ≥ 15
= 0 for 0 ≤ P ≤ 15.
Assume that the market consists of identical firms. Identify the reason behind the market supply of commodity X being zero at any price less than ₹ 15. What will be the equilibrium price for this commodity? At equilibrium, what quantity of X will be produced?
Answer:
In the question qd and qs denote the demand and supply respectively and P denotes the price of commodity X. From the market supply curve, we come to know that below ₹ 15 the market supply is zero. This means that no producer produces commodity X, when its price is below ₹ 15. We know that the firm produces positive quantity of output only when the price of the goods is at least equal to minimum average variable cost of the firms. When the price is below minimum AVC, they produce nothing. Therefore, the minimum average cost of producing commodity X is ₹ 15.
Here, the price is ₹ 15. At equilibrium from the supply curve we get quantity of supply. At equilibrium price,
qd = qs
700 – P = 500 + 3p
– 4 P = – 200
P = 50
Hence, equilibrium price = ₹ 50
Equilibrium quantity = 700 – P
= 700 – 50 = 650

Question 13.
Suppose, the demand and supply curves of salt are given by;
qd = 1000 – p
qs = 700 + 2p.

(i) Find equilibrium price and quantity.

(ii) Now suppose that the price of an input used to produce salt increases so that the new supply curve is:
Qs = 400 + 2p.
How does an equilibrium price and quantity change?

(iii) Suppose, that the government has imposed a tax of ₹ 3 per unit of sale. How does it affect the equilibrium price and quantity?

Answer:
(i) At equilibrium price: qD -qs
1000 – p = 700 + 2 p
1000 – 700 = 2p + p
3p = 300
or
p = 100
Equilibrium price = ₹ 100
Equilibrium quantity qD = 1000 – p = 1000 -100 = 900 units
qs = 700 + 2p = 700 + (2 x 100) = 900 units

(ii) New supply curve is: qs = 400 + 2p
At equilibrium price qD = qs
1000 – p = 400 + 2p
1000 – 400 = 2p + p
3p = 600
or
p = 200
Equilibrium price = ₹ 200
Equilibrium quantity
qD = 1000 – p = 1000 – 200 = 800 units
qs = 400 – 2p = 400 + (2 x 200) = 800 units

(iii) New supply curve equation after tax of ₹3 per unit on sale is imposed.
qs = 700 + 2 (p – 3) = 700 + 2p – 6 = 694 + 2p
At equilibrium price: qD =qs
1000 – p = 694 + 2p
1000 – 694 = 2+p + p
3p = 306
or p = 102
Equilibrium price has increased from ₹ 100 to ₹ 102.
Equilibrium quantity:
q D = 1000 – p = 1000 – 102 = 898 units
qs = 694 + 2p = 694 + (2 x 102) = 694 + 208 = 898
units Equilibrium quantity has decreased from 900 to 898 units.

MP Board Solutions

Question 14.
Suppose the price at which equilibrium is attained above the minimum average cost of the firms constituting the market. Now if we allow the free entry and exit of firms, how will the market price adjust to it?
Answer:
When equilibrium price at equilibrium quantity is more than the minimum average cost:
When the price at the equilibrium quantity is more then minimum average cost than there will be abnormal profit. In this case, immediately many more firms will enter the market realizing that they can earn higher profit here than elsewhere. As a result at this price there would be excess supply in the market.

This excess supply will lead the firms to lower their prices so that they can sell off their entire output. If at this lowered price, the abnormal profit is still positive more firms will enter the market, but the entry will not stop. The entry of new firms will continue as long as the existing firms are earning abnormal profit at the lower price. Entry of new firms will stop when the price is equal to minimum average cost of each firm.

Question 15.
Will a profit maximizing firm in competitive market ever produce a positive level of output in the range where the marginal cost is falling? Give and explanation.
Answer:
A profit maximizing firm in a competitive market will produce a positive level at output in the same where marginal cost is falling. Falling MC means, the cost producing an additional unit of output trends to reduce. Here price is constant as the firm is working in a competitive market in this case, the difference be ween firm’s total revenue and TVC (TVC = Σ MC) tends to increase. It means firm’s profit increases with the increase in the level of output. Then a competitive firm increases output when gross profit is rising.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-6

Question 16.
Explain the role of time in determining the price.
Answer:
To get balance between demand and supply. Time is very important. On the basis of time market is divided into four types:
1. Very short period market:
This is also called daily market where supply is very limited. Supply cannot adjust demand. This means demand of the commodity determines price. This market is of perishable commodities like milk, green vegetables, meat, fish, curd, egg etc.

2. Short period market:
The duration of short period market is more than very short period and supply can be increased to some extent. This means that use of factors of production can be increased or decreased.

3. Long period market:
Long period market is a market where, there is sufficient time to increase the supply. In other words, the producer have enough time to increase his production capacity as well as he can employ new factors of production. And he can also decrease the supply. So, supply plays a major role in price determination.

4. Very long period market:
This is a market where there is maximum change in demand supply. In demand side, there may be changes due to increase in population change in taste, preference or fashion. There can be a drastic change in demand due to these factors. Similarly, supply can be changed due to changes in technique of production.

MP Board Solutions

Form of Market and price Determination Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the main features of perfect competition?
Answer:
Following are the main features of perfect competition:
1. Large numbers of buyers and sellers:
In perfect competition, the number of buyers and sellers are very large so that none of the individual buyers or sellers are able to influence the price output policy of the industry (Price prevailing in the market).

2. Homogeneous product:
The second characteristics of a perfectly competitive market is that the product produced by each firm of the industry is homogeneous i. e., all the units of that product produced by different firms are perfect substitutes to each others. Salt, cotton, coal and wheat are homogeneous and the different sellers dealing in such goods cannot increase their prices as the customers (buyer) will leave him and would buy from the other sellers, selling at a lower price. As the goods are identical in all the respects, it is immaterial to the buyer as to who has produced it and he does not have any preference for the product of an individual seller.

3. Uniform price:
Under perfect competition all the units of a commodity are sold at the same price.If a producer tries to sell his products at a higher price than the ruling market price then he will not succeed. This is so, due to the condition of homogeneity of the products, and buyers will not be willing to pay a higher price for this products. They will buy that product from some other producer, who is willing to sell his products at the ruling market price.

4. Free entry or exit of firms:
There must be full freedom for the entrance of the firm. If the industry is gaining profit, the new firms can enter that industry. On the other hand, if the industry is incurring losses, some firms can freely leave the industry, thus enabling other firms to make normal profits.

5. Normal profit:
Under perfect competition all the firms get normal profit only. The marginal cost of the firms equals the marginal revenue. Thus, in the long run a perfectly competitive market gains only normal profit.

6. Uniformity in quality, shape and weight: There should be uniformity in the commodities to be sold in the market. There should not be any change in shape, color, quality and weight of the commodities. If the uniformity will be there, then only same price will be determined for the same type of units.

Question 2.
Explain determination of equilibrium price with the help of an example.
Answer:
Equilibrium price:
Under perfect competition price is determined by the interaction of demand and supply. The price at which both buyer and seller is ready to do the transaction of goods, that price is known as equilibrium price. At this price both demand and supply are equal, neither there is excess demand neither excess supply.
This can be explained with the help of an example.
The price at which the demand and supply remains same is called equilibrium price.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-7
In the diagram, DD is the demand curve and SS is the supply curve. P is the point where price is determined. It is the equilibrium point, where demand and supply are equal. It is known as equilibrium price. Under perfect competition, the market price of a commodity is determined at a point where the demand and supply of the commodity are equal.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-8

Question 3.
What is market price? Explain the effect of short period market in determining the price?
Answer:
Meaning of market price:
Market price is also known as short period price. This is the period in which the supply cannot be increased due to lack of time, So, this is the price which is determined by temporary interaction of demand and supply.

Price determination in the short period:
Market price is short period price of goods. In it the price will be determined by temporary equilibrium of demand and supply. That is why it is also known as temporary price. The reason is that the supply is fixed in short period. So, no change can be made in it. In this situation if demand increases price will go up and its vice versa. Hence, it can be said that the market price of perishable goods.like rice, tomato, fish, and other vegetables. In this period no adjustment is made between demand supply. In this way in it the role of demand is important. It can be shown with the help of a diagram.

In this figure SS is supply curve which is inelastic. It means there will be no effect of supply in the determination of the price. In this figure quantity is OS. From the figure it is evident that when the demand is DD Price is P or N. But when demand increases from DD to D1 D1 It means the price will increase i.e., from P or N to P1 or N1. Similarly
again when the demand falls from DD to D2 D 2 the price comes down from P or N to P2 or N2. It means the Price varies with the variation in demand. So, it can be said that in short period price only demand is active and supply is passive.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-9

Question 4.
With the help of diagram explain price determination under perfect competition.
Or
Explain price determination under perfect competition on the basis of following points:

  1. Demand for a commodity
  2. Supply of a commodity
  3. Equilibrium of demand and supply.

Answer:
Dr. Marshall has explained price determination under perfect competition in a systematic way. He said that prices in perfect competition are neither determined by cost nor by utility, but the interaction of both. There are two factors necessary for determined price of a commodity. There are demand for the goods and supply of goods. The demand for goods is from consumer.

On the other hand supply of a commodity is through the purchasers and sellers. Every producer or sellers desires to sell this commodity over and above its cost. If he sells it below the marginal cost it would not be profitable for him. Therefore, marginal cost will be the minimum limit of the produce goods. Marshall’s theory can be divided into three parts:

  1. Demand for commodity
  2. Supply of commodity
  3. Equilibrium of demand and supply.

1. Demand for commodity:
Demand for a commodity is done by consumers. The consumer pays the price according to the utility he gets from the commodity. But it is too a fact that with every increase in quantity, the utility diminishes. So, the consumer will pay the maximum price for a commodity equals to its marginal utility. In the words of Dr. Marshall “Marginal utility is utility derived from the last unit consumed.”

In a perfect competition the price will always be equal to its marginal utility.This is the maximum price which a consumer will pay for a commodity. This is the upper hand or maximum limit which will be determined by the demand side. Dr. Marshall has compared it with the upper blade of a scissor. So, demand determines the maximum limit of the price. It is a upper hand or maximum point of the demand..

2. Supply of commodity:
Supply of the commodity is done by producer. Production is done with the help of factors. They get their remuneration. It makes the cost. No producer will be ready to sell its products less than the price. Hence, supply side is determined by the manufacturing cost of the product of the commodity.

3. Equilibrium of demand and supply:
From the above analysis of demand and supply it is clear that in perfect competition price is determined by the interaction of demand and supply. At one place the demand and supply will be equal at a particular price. This point is known as equilibrium point. At this equilibrium price the demand and supply quantity will be equal. This can be explained with the help of a figure.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-10
In the figure along the X-axis demand and supply is shown and along Y-axis prices is shown. SS is the supply curve and DD is the demand curve. Both the curves intersect each other at P. This is the equilibrium point. At this point OQ quantity is demand at OP price. The tendency of the demand curve is that it slopes from left to right that is as price increases demand will fall. On the other hand, supply curve slopes from left to right. It shows that every fall in price will cause increase in supply and vice – versa. This is how price is determined by the interaction of demand and supply at a point of intersection which is called Equilibrium price.

MP Board Solutions

Question 5.
Define perfect competition. Is perfect competition a myth?
Or
“Perfect competition is an imaginary concept” Explain.
Or
“Is perfect competition imaginable “. State the main reason.
Answer:
Mrs. J. Robinson “Perfect competition prevails when the demand for output of each producer is perfectly elastic. This entails first, that the number of sellers is so large so that the output of anyone seller is a negligible, small proportion of the total output of the commodity and second that buyers are alike in respect of their choice of rival sellers so that the market is perfect”.

In real life, we do not find either free competition or full knowledge in markets. So, perfect competition is just an imaginary condition. In practice, perfect competition is a myth and it cannot be seen anywhere. In agricultural products, such as wheat, rice, cotton it can be seen to some extent. Many farmers cultivate wheat, rice etc. in their farms, similarly a number of buyers come to the mantis to purchase goods. But other things and conditions are not found in practice. So, perfect competition is a myth. It is due to the following reasons:

  1. Firstly, for the perfect competition huge number of sellers and buyers are needed. But in practice there are limited number of sellers and buyers. Especially market is ruled by the sellers.
  2. Secondly, there is lack of perfect competition between sellers and buyers. It is because and only a few sellers. Further market is always dominated by the sellers.
  3. Thirdly, the availability of substitution goods are another obstacle in the way of perfect competition. As soon as price increases people change their consumption due to substitution.
  4. Lastly, sometimes the prices of essential goods are determined by the Government of the nations. So, the free operation of law of demand and supply does not play its role in the market.
  5. Expenditure is done transport and advertisement when in perfect competition.such type of expenditure should not occur.
  6. Buyers are not aware of market and so they have not full knowledge of product and its price. On the basis of the above points it is true to say that perfect competition is imaginary and is not easy to be located.
    It is theoretical and only on certain assumptions we can assume it. In our daily life we never see the perfection in the market. That is why economists have called it myth.

Question 6.
How is price determined under perfect competition in the long period? Explain.
Answer:
Long period:
Long period is a period of time in which, there is sufficient time to increase the supply. The producer has enough time to increase his production capacity as well as he can employ new factors of production. He can also decrease the supply. Under long period, there is an adequate time and so the supply of a commodity can be adjusted according to its demand. There is no scope for abnormal profit or loss. The price will be determined by the equilibrium of marginal cost, marginal revenue, average cost and average revenue.This can be explained with the help of the figure.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-11
In the figure demand and supply of a firm determines OP price at point E, and OQ quantity of goods are bought and sold. OP price is accepted by the firm. This price is long term price where average cost (LAC) and Marginal Cost (LMC) is same. Firm is in equilibrium at point E where firm sells Ok quantity and produces OR quantity at minimum average cost. Firm earns normal profit. Here, P = LAC = LMC = LAR = LMR. In this period price depends on production cost, which is itself based on laws of production.
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-12

Question 7.
What is the effect of change in demand on equilibrium price?
Answer:
Increase in demand:
As we know, the demand for a commodity changes not only due to change in its own price but also due to change in other factors, such as consumer’s income, tastes and preferences, price of related goods, etc. When the demand changes on account of the factors other than change in price, there will be a shift in the demand curve. This situation is termed as change in demand.

Demand curve may shift either rightwards or leftwards. When, due to change in factors other than price, there is reduction in demand, it is called decrease in demand. Demand curve in such a case will shift left wards, conversely, when, due to change in factors other than price of the commodity, more quantity of the commodity is demanded, it is technically called increase in demand. The demand curve will shift upwards to the right. These types of changes in demand have been shown below diagrammatically.

Increase in demand:
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-13
Fig. represents the situation of increase in demand. This shows how more quantity of the commodity is demanded even at the same price. OPis the original price at which quantity p demanded was OQ. Now due to increase in demand 8 (as reflected by demand curve D1 D1), demand p increases to OQ1 at the same price of OP. The increase in demand.

Decrease in demand:
MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions Unit 4 Form of Market and price Determination img-14
In the figure, DD is the original demand curve. OP and OQ are the original price and quantity demanded respectively. Now Quantity Demanded demand decreases (as indicated by leftward shift in the demand curve D1, D1 a given quantity of demand i.e„ OQ is demanded only at a price lower than OP. In other words, consumers buy the same amount of the commodity (OQ) only at a lower price, i. e., OP1 The fall in price (from OP to OP)1 for the same quantity of demand here is due to decrease in demand.

MP Board Class 12th Economics Important Questions

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Question Answer Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 16 MP Board

Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 16 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Questions and Answers

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 16 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Class 12th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Many words in their noun and verb forms remain the same. answer (noun) I could not check your answer, answer (verb) Please answer the question in short.
Now use the following words as noun and verb in meaningful sentences: care, honour, question, respect, wonder, praise, offer, hope.
Answer:

  • care [N]—Take care of your health.
    care [V]—Care your child properly.
  • Honour [N]—We feel honour for our nation.
    Honour [V]—Honour your elders properly.
  • Question [N]—This question is out of course.
    Question [V]—The interviewer questioned me typically.
  • Respect [N]—You should pay respect to your teacher.
    Respect [V]—Respect the views of your friends also.
  • Wonder [N]—It is no wonder, he won the race.
    Wonder [V]—I wonder at his success.
  • Praise [N]—He sent me a letter of praise at my result.
    Praise [V]—You should praise the child’s talent.
  • Offer [N]—I have an offer of a good job abroad.
    Offer [V]—He offered me a help.
  • Hope [N]—There is no hope of his survival.
    Hope [V]—I hope, I shall get a good position.

B. Many words are almost similar in pronunciation, but different in meaning or spelling. They are called homophones.
main—(chief): The main clause in the sentence is in the past.
mane—(long hair on the neck of a horse or lion): Mane is a lion’s pride.
Given below are some homophones. The first word in each pair is from the text. Give their meanings and use them in meaningful sentences:
soul, sole; die, dye; course, Coarse; quite, quiet; mail, male; break, brake.
Answer:

  • Soul—(spirit)—Our soul is immortal.
    Sole—(only)—He is the sole owner of this property.
  • Die—(to become lifeless)—He died of cancer.
    Dye—(to colour artificially)—Don’t dye your hair.
  • Course—(syllabus)—This book is not prescribed in course.
    Coarse—(rough)—Mother Teresa used to wear coarse handloom sari.
  • Quite—(up to an extent)—I feel quite nervous at this news.
    Quiet—(peaceful)—Keep quiet in the class.
  • Mail—(postal)—It is a mail coach.
    Male—(muscular)—I have bought a male elephant.
  • Break—(to be in piece)—Break this bundle of sticks.
    Brake—(a stopping device)—The brake of this car is loose.

C. Find the words in the text for the following expressions:

(a) A person in political party having conservative outlook or leaning.
(b) A person who is in favour of bringing a great and generally, violent change.
(c) A person who has had much or long experience, especially as an army man6;
(d) occurring or coming every year.
(e) A statement that orders someone to do something and threatens to punish or attack them if they do not.
(f) Use of a trick or device in the war to deceive the enemy.
Answer:
(a) rightist
(b) revolutionary
(c) seasoned
(d) annual
(e) command
(f) stratagem

MP Board Solutions

Comprehension

A. Choose the correct alternative:

Question 1.
In the lesson the word ‘East’ has been used for Japan. What is the word used for England and other European countries:
(a) The South
(b) The North-West
(c) The West
(d) The South-East
Answer:
(c) The West

Question 2.
In the sentence “The Old revolutionary quietly replied” the word ‘Old revolutionary’ is used for:
(a) Ne.taji Subhas Chandra Bose
(b) Col. G.S. Dhillon
(c) Prime Minister Tojo
(d) Rash Behari Bose.
Answer:
(d) Rash Behari Bose.

Question 3.
When General Tojo was the Prime Minister of Japan?
(a) During World War I
(b) When the writer visited Japan in 1974
(c) After World War II
(d) Before World War II.
Answer:
(b) When the writer visited Japan in 1974

Question 4.
‘Netaji practised what he preached’ means:
(a) There was perfect co-ordination and uniformity in his words and actions.
(b) First he preached and then he practised.
(c) He was a man of practice and not a preacher.
(d) What he practised, he used to preach.
Answer:
(a) There was perfect co-ordination and uniformity in his words and actions.

Question 5.
In the sentence “The enemy officers used to mock at the statement”, who are referred ‘ to’as “enemy officers”?
(a) The British officers
(b) The Japanese officers
(c) The Burmese officers
(d) The enemy officers in the INA.
Answer:
(a) The British officers

MP Board Solutions

B. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why did Netaji cross the seas and go to a foreign land? .
Answer:
Netaji crossed the sea and went to a foreign land to find a solution for India’s foreign rule.

Question 2.
When Netaji went to Japan, Indians were subject people. How are we today?
Answer:
Today, we are free arid sovereign people.

Question 3.
Who was second-in-command of the Japanese Imperial Army General Staff?
Answer:
General Seizo Arisue was second-in-command of the Japanese Imperial Army General Staff.

Question 4.
What did Netaji do before dealing with a situation?
Answer:
Before dealing with a situation, Netaji used to read well and do his horriework to observe and understand the task well.

Question 5.
How did Netaji improve his ment by punishing or by counselling them?
(M.P. Board 2015)
Answer:
Netaji improved his men by counselling them both individually and collectively.

Question 6.
What was Netaji’s proposal during the annual session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:
Netaji proposed that the congress should at once send an ultimatum to the British government demanding independence within six months or prepare immediately for a national struggle.

Question 7.
What did the British rulers think Indian people would do if the I.N.A. Trials were held?
Answer:
The British rulers thought that the Indian people specially the soldiers would appreciate the British action against the INA office. .

Question 8.
What was guaranteed to the people in the proclamation of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind?
Answer:
It guaranteed religious liberty as well as equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens.

MP Board Solutions

C. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each:

Question 1.
What did GeneralSeizo Arisue inform Rash Bihari Bose and what was Rash Bihari’s reaction? (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
During the INA crisis, once Rash Bihari Bose was invited by General Seizo Arisue who was second-in-command of the Japanese Imperial Army General Staff. Seizo invited him in order to know his mind about Netaji’s coming. He asked Mr. Bose discreetly, if Netaji was desirous of coming there and he wondered how Mr. Bose would treat Netaji. Rash Bihari Bose, the old revolutionary quietly replied that Netaji was a born leader and he (Bose) would of course, be quite pleased to ask him (Netaji) to take over from him.

Question 2.
Narrate the author’s meeting and conversation with General Fujiwara during his Japan visit in 1947.
Answer:
The author narrates his meeting and conversation with General Fujiwara during his visit
to Japan in the autumn of 1974. They were passing along General Tojo’s house, reminiscing of the war days. The author asked the General about Prime Minister Tojo’s opinion about Netaji. Fujiwara replied that general Tojo was very much impressed with Netaji. He even said, “If there exists a man of the century, he is one whom I met today.” Fujiwara believed that if Netaji had arrived in the East a year earlier, they would have won the war.

Question 3.
How did Netaji give expression to his compassion for his men? Give one example.
Answer:
Netaji was a highly caring leader. He cared not only for the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers but also respected their feelings. He had a compassionate nature. His soldiers were overwhelmed with his concerns for them. Some of the examples of his compassionate behaviour were like sending a pair of boots to a sepoy with instructions to Regimental Commander to see personally that it fitted the man and report back to Netaji, helping his own staff officers to wash hands by pouring water and offering his own towel to scrub hands. There are many other examples.

Question 4.
How can you say that Netaji had a gift of judging the character of his men?
Answer:
Netaji was extraordinarily a rare leader. His men felt happy, proud and lucky to do and die under his command. He had a gift of judging the character of the man which served him to put the right man at the right place at the right time and on the right job. He picked up some of the soldiers from the dust and made heroes out of them.

Question 5.
What was Netaji’s way of dealing with defaulters? (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
Netaji had a tremendous power of judging a man’s character. So, he always chose the right man for a right job. He never failed to appreciate when appreciation was due. A good word from him made the soldiers to strive to do their job well. He had a very kind heart. He never punished anybody. He always gave a defaulter an advice, in a way that the defaulter may get a chance to improve himself.

Question 6.
How did Netaji’s love and appreciation bring a change in his men?
Answer:
Netaji was an ideal leader. He took care of all his sub-ordinates with compassion. He appreciated when appreciation was due. He never punished anyone. Instead, he advised them to realise their weakness and improve them. His men were so much impressed with him that they were ready to do anything for him’under his command. His appreciation made them feel proud.

Question 7.
Give an example of Netaji’s power of observation and prediction of some future events in war.
Answer:
Netaji had a remarkable power of observation and could predict on the forthcoming situation eventfully and correctly. In order to highlight this quality, the author gives an example. Once, Netaji wrote a small note to the author on the margin of the routine order. It was scribbled in his own hand. He told the author that as the mail was getting ready to be dispatched, he waited to advise him that instead of expecting the enemy at a particular point, he should watch at a certain other point. He gave 6-figured map reference. The note was written about 5,000 kilometers away from the author but it was accurate.

Question 8.
What was Netaji’s firm faith about the freedom of India and what did the British officers think about that?
Answer:
Netaji was very much confident that India would get freedom. He used to say often, “There is no power on earth that can keep India enslaved. India shall be free and before long.” The enemy officers used to mock at the statement. They thought it just illusory and a face’saving device. Actually, Netaji had a plan which was beyond the comprehension of professional soldiers.

Question 9.
How did the high spirits of the INA bring a change in the minds and actions of the Indian soldiers in the British forces?
Answer:
Netaji always worked with far-sightedness. He kept the INA on the field even in the face of defeat. He wanted his soldiers to pay the price of liberty not only when they were on the advance but also during the retreat while going away from India not to win a territory but to continue fighting against the British forces who were holding India in perpetual bondage. These forces consisted of a greater number of the Indian soldiers who paused and pondered as to why the INA with their poor strength and poorer equipment, yet higher spirit were fighting against the British. It created a psychological revolution. The war ended and with it ended the slavish mentality of the Indian soldiers. Such was the vision and plan of action of Netaji.

Question 10.
The author says that “Netaji had a compassionate nature”. Prove the truth of the statement by giving some examples from the lesson.
Answer:
Netaji was a highly caring leader. He cared not only for the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers but also respected their feelings. He had a compassionate nature. His soldiers were overwhelmed with his concerns for them. Some of the examples of his compassionate behaviour were like sending a pair of boots to a sepoy with instructions to Regimental Commander to see personally that it fitted the man and report back to Netaji, helping his own staff officers to wash hands by pouring water and offering his own towel to scrub hands. There are many other examples.

MP Board Solutions

D. Answer the following questions in about 75-100 words each:

(i) How did Netaji act in the following situations and with what result?
(a) When he had to meet somebody.
(b) In making the best use of the abilities of his men.
Answer:
Netaji was a seasoned man. He was polite, courteous and well behaved. He had the capacity to manage every situation in his favour. He had the tremendous power to judge a man. Before dealing with anyone or any situation, he used to read and do homework about that situation. He was always careful about the man to whom he had to meet. He took care of the honour and position of the man.

He had a compassionate nature. He always respected other’s feelings. He had a gift of judging the character of a man which served him to put the right man at the right place, at the right time and on the right track. He never failed to appreciate when appreciation was due.

Question 2.
Narrate the episode which surprised the author at the accuracy of Netaji’s power of judgement regarding an eventuality.
Answer:
Netaji had a tremendous power of judgement regarding an eventuality. He could observe and predict accurately. Once the author was surprised when Nejtaji wrote a small note on – the margin of a routine order. He had advised him that instead of expecting the enemy at the particular point, he should also watch at certain other point. He gave 6 figured map reference. The note was written in Rangoon about 5,000 kilometers away from the author. When the author received Netaji’s note, he was surprised at the accuracy of Netaji’s judgement. The author was already facing the enemy where Netaji had pointed out to watch. This was a measure of Netaji’s skill at generalship.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Netaji’s military foresight.
Answer:
Netaji’s power of observation was remarkable. He had a tremendous military foresight. He was always accurate in his predictions or guess. There are many incidents that the author talks about here in order to prove his military foresight. One such incident was that Netaji during the annual session of the Indian National Congress at Tripuri in Jabalpur in 1939 made a proposal to send an ultimatum to the British government, demanding independence within six months or they would prepare immediately for a national struggle. His proposal, though opposed, was based on his appreciation of the European situation which was something beyond the understanding of the political leaders but the prediction turned to be correct. The war did break out within 6 months on 3rd September, 1939.

Question 4.
How did the Indian people and the Indian soldiers in British army react when the INA Trials of the three great INA heroes began?
Answer:
The INA trial of the three military officers in India was a memorable event which brought about many changes in the Indian mass and the soldiers. When the British started this trial at the Red Fort, they thought that the Indian people especially the soldiers would appreciate the British action against the INA officers. However, just the reverse happened.

As soon as the first INA trial of the three front-line commanders started on 5th November, 1945, within a week disturbances broke out in Lahore followed by that in Lucknow and then Kolkata where hundreds of demonstrators were injured and twenty killed in police firing. Even after the first trial in which the three accused officers were released by the commander-in-chief, the public demand to stop the future INA trials continued. It gave rise to anti-British sentiments culminating in the mutiny in various regiments all over India. The days of the British Raj in India were close to their end.

Question 5.
Write a note on the secular character of Netaji and his Provisional Government of Azad Hind.
Answer:
Netaji was a man of great qualities. He was a great humanist, a seasoned commander, a compassionate leader, a perfect visionary and a staunch secularist. The author had full confidence that they would get absolute justice from him a. id his government the forerunner of our government today. The complete personality and all embracing ideas are distilled in the last but one para of the Proclamation provisional Government of Azad Hind.

In that Proclamation, Netaji said that the Provisional Government is entitled to and hereby claim the allegiance of every Indian. It guarantees religious liberty as well as equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens. It declared its firm resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally and transcending all the differences cunningly fostered by alien government in the past. It was a complete vision of Netaji.

Question 6.
There is a contradiction in the statement “Netaji’s power of generalship.,..turned the defeat of the INA into the defeat of the British Raj”. Prove the truth of the statement on the basis of the text.
Answer:
This statement highlights the far-sightedness and military observation of Netaji. As he had a tremendous power of calculating the future situation, his guess and predictions were always accurate. When he proposed for sending an ultimatum to British government demanding independence within six months he was waging the future events. The war broke out within six months. He had a plan which was beyond the comprehension of professional soldiers.

He kept the INA in the field even in the face of defeat. It created a psychological revolution. The war ended and with it ended the slavish mentality of the Indian army. It gave rise to anti-Raj activity all over India even in the military camps of Bombay, Karachi and Jabalpur. Netaji’s plan of action had transformed the British Indian army into the Indian army. His powers of generalship turned the defeat of the INA into the defeat of the British Raj.

MP Board Solutions

Question 7.
In what respect can Netaji’s Provisional Government of Azad Hind be called the forerunner of our Government today?
Answer:
Netaji was a great visionary. He had the power of accurate analysis of any situation. In order to find a solution to Indian freedom, he crossed the sea and organised his own army. His approach to Indian freedom was not supported by the rightist leaders in India. It was his quality that the author was first confident about to get absolute justice from him and his government the forerunner of the government today. The Indian Constitution after the freedom accepted the high ideal of equality, justice, secularism which were the vision of Netaji.

Question 8.
Make a general assessment of Netaji as:
(a) a man of brave but kind heart, and
(b) a man of keen insight and foresight.
Answer:
(a) Netaji was a complete man. He practised what he preached. He cared not only for the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers but also respected their feelings. He had a compassionate nature. His soldiers were overwhelmed with his concerns individually and collectively, like sending a pair of boots to a sepoy with instructions to Regimental Commander to see personally that it fitted the man and report back to Netaji, helping his own staff officers to wash hands by pouring water and offering his own towel to scrub hands, shedding tears with a lump in his throat on hearing about the difficulties of his soldiers and taking immediate steps to supply relief. He was a rare leader of men in war.

(b) He had power of observation. He was gifted with insight and foresight and whatever he did was accurate in result. He did whatever he could for the freedom of India. By putting INA in war, he proved how a defeating soldier can win a greater victory. The defeat in war of the British Indian Army gave a new identity to the Indian Army. It transformed the whole scene. So, what he did was beyond comprehension of a professional soldier.

Question 9.
Explain the spirit of the last but one para of the Proclamation of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind.
Answer:
Netaji’s complete personality is revealed in the distilled form in the last but one para of the Proclamation of Provisional Government of Azad Hind. In this proclamatory para, he talks about the ideas of his government. A political loyalty is claimed on the part of the government, for it guarantees religious liberty as well as equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens. It declares its firm resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all parts, cherishing all the children of the nation equally and transcending all the differences cunningly fostered by alien government in the past. In short, Netaji wished for a welfare and complete democratic government.

Grammar

Note the use of verbs in bold in the following sentences from the text:
(a) I wonder how you would treat him.
(b) May I know how long will it take me to get into touch with the enemy?
(c) They at least will not forget him as long as they live, but I hope those who will come after them will also gratefully remember this magnificent man.

The verbs wonder, know, forget, hope and remember have a typical character. These verbs cannot be used in continuous tense, even when they are describing the real present. It is because of the fact that they are related to a condition, behaviour or action which is not In speaker’s conscious control. They occur or take place whether the speaker likes it or not. Take a very common example:

I see a man outside. He is looking at me. You see if your eyes are open, but you look at
something when attention is added to the action. Other verbs of this category are: hear, have (=to possess), be (except passive), notice, recognize, smell and taste (when used without an object), believe, feel (that), think (that), know, understand, remember, forget, mean, want, wish, forgive, refuse, love, hate, like, dislike, seem, belong to, consist of, own, possess, etc.

But when such verbs are used with ‘always’ or ‘for ever’ in the sense of ‘all the times, especially at present’ they can be used in present continuous tense: He is always seeing dreams of wonderlands. Exception to such verb is: I am seeing the Minister tomorrow (in the sense of meeting).

MP Board Solutions

A. Now make the correct use of the verb given in brackets. (Present simple or continuous)

1. I ………….. (think) of moving out of this house.
2. I ………… (know) him very well.
3. They …………. (meet) me tomorrow in the office.
4. He ……………. (always, see) ghosts in the dark.
5. You ……………. (suppose) you shall be spared?
6. I ………………. (just, think) that you might come.
7. I ……………… (see) a bird in the tree, It (sing).
8. I ……………… (think) that now I (know) how to use the verbs of perception.
9. My mother …………….. (always, feel) sick when she sees a dirty place.
10. I …………….. (certainly, forget) your face.
Answers:

  1. am thinking
  2. know
  3. are meeting
  4. always sees
  5. Do—suppose
  6. am just thinking
  7. See – is singing
  8. am thinking -Know
  9. always feels
  10. am certainly forgetting

B. Correct the following sentences:

1. She is refusing to go out in the cold.
2. I am not remembering what you said.
3. This boy is now understanding the present continuous tense.
4. The judge now hears the arguments.
5. When do you see him? On Monday?
6. I see him tomorrow morning.
7. I do not feel well today.
8. I am hearing a noise outside.
9. I am having a lot of books.
10. Don’t disturb him. He thinks deeply.
Answers:

  1. She refuses to go out In the cold/She refuse d to go out In the cold.
  2. I don’t remember what you said.
  3. This boy now understands the present continuous tense.
  4. The judge is now hearing the arguments.
  5. When are you seeing him? On Monday? When will you see him? On Monday?
  6. I will see him tomorrow morning.
  7. I am not feeling well today.
  8. I hear a noise outside.
  9. I have a lot of books.
  10. Don’t disturb him. He is thinking deeply

Read the following sentences from the text and mark the uses of ’it’in them.

  • It was this relationship which kept up our morale.
  • It was scribbled in his own hand.
  • How long will it take me to get into touch with the enemy?

In these sentences. ‘it’has different connotations.

  • In the first sentence, it is use is anticipatory which refers to the following words-
    ‘this relationship’.
  • In the second sentence, ‘it’ is used as a pronoun for the words ‘the note’ in the previous sentence in the text.
  • In the third sentence ‘it’ is used as an introductory ‘It’ to know the length of time.

The following are the ways in which one can use ‘it’ in a sentence:

  • As a pronoun for something lifeless or for animals in general sense:
    e.g.: The cat is a domestic animal. It mews.
  • As a pronoun for a baby where gender is not known:
    e.g.: The baby is sleeping. It has been fed.
  • Anticipatory use of it refers to a phrase or a statement in the sentence:
    e.g.: It is better to go home early.
  • In place of a noun clause in a complex sentence:
    e.g.: It is not known who did it (Who did it is not known).
  • To tell the time by watch and to talk about weather or season. It is 9.30 by my watch.
    e.g.: It is very cold today. It is winter now.
  • To tell a distance or length of time:
    e.g.: It will take 6 hours to reach the destination. It Is 6 miles from here. You should hire a taxi.
  • To emphasize a certain part of a sentence (a word or a phrase)
    e.g.: It was at 9.00 pm that he arrived here.
    e.g.: It was Mohan who did it.
  • In some traditional expressions: It does not matter.
    e.g.: it is all right.
    e.g.: it is of no use.
    Who is there? it is me over here.

A. Now reframe the sentences with anticipatory ‘it’.

(i) That the earth and atmosphere are getting warm is clear to all.
(ii) Who stole the book is not clear.
(iii) That we are losing our morals is a matter bf great concern.
(iv) What is the fate of a man is known to God only.
(v) When they wilt come has not been intimated to us.
Answers:
(i) It is clear to all that the earth and atmosphere are getting warm.
(ii) It is not clear who stole the book.
(iii) It is a matter of great concern that we are losing our morals.
(iv) It is known to God only what is the fate of a man.
(v) It has not been intimated to us when they will come.

MP Board Solutions

B. Begin the sentences with introductory ‘it’.
(i) To die for the nation is a glorious act.
(ii) To yawn before others,is bad manners.
(iii) To travel in a bullock cart is a pleasure.
(iv) To think and ponder upon is essential.
(y) To err is human.
(vi) To forgive is divine.
Answers:
(i) It is a glorious act to die for the nation.
(ii) It is bad manners to yawn before others.
(iii) It is a pleasure to travel in a bullock cart.
(iv) It s essential to think and ponder.
(v) It is human to err.
(vi) It is divine to forgiver

Speaking Activity

After a careful study of the lesson, you must have reached the conclusion that Netaji was a man of action, During the Independence Movement, he favoured Direct action and told, “You give me blood; I shall give you freedom”.

In this background, arrange the class (as in assembly hail) into two groups on the right, “Ayes” who will support the proposal, and on the left, the “Nays” who will sit in the opposition. The teacher will act as the speaker of the House. He will put forward the proposal for discussion and get it passed. The proposal will be:
“Not words but only deeds can make a nation great and strong”.
After the discussion for an hour, the Speaker will arrange for voting in favour of or against the proposal, On the basis of the majority vote, the proposal he declared passed or rejected.
Answer:
Arrange this discussion class under the guidance of your teacher. In the text, there occurs a sentence, “those who will come after then will also grateful remember this management man .who lived and died so that India could be great”.

During the 1857 War of Indian Independence, Rani Lami Bai of Jhansi was the one who
fought for the Suraj’ (Swarajya) and died fighting for her motherland. Given below are some outlines. On the basis of these, compose a short biographical sketch of the
Rani of Jhansi.

  • born 19th November 1835 at Bithoor near Kanpur; childhood name.Manu,
  • father—Moropant; playmates .Tantya Tope, Nana Saheb
  • married to Gangadhar Rao, the king of Jhansi; A son born, died soon.
  • adopted Damodar Rao, son of a near relative; husband died, 21st Nos’. 1853.
  • proposal to British Governor General to recognize the adopted son as Successor to
    the throne; proposal rejected.
  • Jhansi was attacked by Col. Rose on 23rd March, 1857; fierce battle.
  • Rani said, “I shall not give up my Jhansi.”
  • Fort of Jhansj fell. Reached Gwallor, captured Gwallor fort.
  • died fighting on 18th June 1857

Answer:
Rani Laxmi Bai was born 19th November 1835 at Bithoor near Kanpur. Her childhood name was Manu. She was the daughter of Moropant and her playmates were Tantya
Tope and Nana Saheb. She was married o Gangadhar Rao the king of Jhansi. She gave birth to a son who died soon. Later, they adopted Damodar Rao the son of a relative. Her husband died on 21st November. 1853. Her proposal for recognition of her adopted son as a successor was rejected by the British government. It grew in rivalry with the government and she was attacked by Col. Roce on 23rd March 1857. There was a fierce battle, As, she was commit-ted to Jhansi, she was in no way reluctant to give It up. A part of Jhansi fort fell and she reached Gwalior, which was captured by the government. She died fighting on 18th June. 1857. She was a great warrior and a dedicated freedom fighter.

Think it Over

Had Netaji been amongst us today. how had he been a source of inspiration to you? Think over it and discuss among others.
Answer:
Do It yourself.

Things to Do

A. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. Rash Bihari Bose, Mahatma Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru and many other great freedom fighters inspired thousands of young men and women to take part in the Indian Independence Movement. You might have some freedom fighters in your locality or adjoining town or city. Divide your class into 4 or 5 groups and organize a week-end programme for holding interviews with them.

Record your impressions on the following points:
(i) What or who inspired them?
(ii) What were the conditions prevailing in the society those days?
(iii) How did they protest against the British Rule?
(iv) What tortures had they to suffer?
(v) What were their feelings when India became free?
(vi) Did their hopes of a free India come true?
Answer:
Do it yourself.

MP Board Solutions

B. Compose an appeal, to be circulated among your fellow-students and others,for voluntary blood donation, focusing on the following points:

  • It is an act of charity.
  • It saves lives.
  • Thousands of new-born and sick die due to lack of blood.
  • Blood donation does not leave any adverse effect on the body.
  • Facilities for donation are available at of district hospitals.
  • Blood-banks preserve it for emergency requirements.
  • Only healthy blood is accepted.
  • Request all people to he God on Earths.

Answer:

Donate Blood Make The World Live
Participate Generously For Pious Reasons:

  • Act of charity
  • Save lives
  • No adverse effect
  • Facilities every where
  • Only healthy blood accepted
  • Be God on earth

Live And Let Live

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose by Col. G.S. Dhillon Introduction

It is an excerpt of From My Bones—Memoirs of Col. Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon of the Indian Natio nal Army. This essay records some of the unique qualities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Summary in English

It is an excerpt of (From my Bones Memoirs of Col. Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon of the Indian National Army.) This essay records some of the unique qualities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. The writer says that Subhas Chandra Bose will always be remembered for his stamina which led him across the sea in search of the answer for India’s freedom. He was a multi faceted personality. Leaders of his time remembered him for his qualities. Rabindra Nath Tagore called him Deshnayak Leader of the Country.

Netaji practised what he preached. He was always deeply concerned with the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers and respected their feelings. He had a compassionate nature. He overwhelmed the soldiers with his concern for them individually and collectively. His soldiers were ready to anything for him. It was this relationship that kept their morale high, in spite of all their difficulties and deficiencies.

Netaji was a seasoned army man. He used to read a lot and do his homework on the subject, he had to deal with. He was gifted with a quality of judging the character of the man which served him, to put the right man at the right place at the right time and on the right job. He never failed to appreciate when appreciation was due. He was so kind-hearted that he never punished anybody. He always gave a chance and advice to a defaulter to improve himself. He had a remarkable power of observation and could predict an eventuality correctly. The author remembers many such incidents.

Netaji had a keen military foresight. Once in March, 1939 during the annual session of the Indian National Congress at Tripuri in Jabalpur, he proposed to send an ultimatum to the British government to free India within six months or they should prepare themselves for national struggle. He was opposed by the right wing but what Netaji predicted came true. He had a belief that no power on earth can keep India enslaved. The army officers used to mock at this belief, which they thought was illusory and a face saving device.

Actually, Netaji had a plan which was beyond the comprehension of professional soldiers. Netaji’s stratagem had transformed the British Indian Army into the Indian Army. The days of the British Raj in India were close to their end. Netaji was a staunch secularist. The author believed that they were sure to get absolute justice through him and his government. He was really a great man.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Summary in Hindi

यह पाठ My Bones-Memoirs of Col. Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon of the Indian National Army का एक अंश है। इसमें नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस के कुछ गुणों की चर्चा की गई है।

लेखक कहता है कि सुभाष चंद्र बोस हमेशा अपने जुझारूपन के लिए याद किए जाएँगे जो उन्हें भारत की आज़ादी का समाधान ढूँढ़ने के लिए समुद्रपार विदेश की धरती पर ले गया। वे एक बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के व्यक्ति थे। उनके समय के नेता लोग उनके गुणों को याद करते थे। रविन्द्रनाथ टैगोर ने उन्हें ‘देशनायक’-देश का नेता कहा था।

नेताजी वही करते थे जो कहते थे। वे हमेशा अपने सिपाहियों की प्रतिष्ठा, उनके कल्याण और सुविधा के प्रति सजग थे और उनकी भावनाओं का आदर करते थे। उनका स्वभाव सद्भावपूर्ण था। वे सिपाहियों को उनके प्रति अपनी सजगता से व्यक्तिगत एवं सामूहिक रूप से भाव-विहल कर देते थे। उनके सिपाही उनके लिए कुछ भी करने को तैयार थे। यही संबंध था जो किसी भी कठिनाई और अभाव के बावजूद उनके मनोबल को ऊँचा रखता था।

नेताजी एक अनभवी सेनानायक थे। वे किसी भी परिस्थिति का पहले गहन अध्ययन करते थे। उनमें किसी भी व्यक्ति को परखने की देवी क्षमता थी जो उन्हें सही व्यक्ति को सही जगह, सही समय और सही काम में लगाने में मदद करती थी। जहाँ प्रशंसा की ज़रूरत होती वहाँ कभी भी प्रशंसा करने में वे चूकते नहीं थे। वे इतने दयालु थे कि कभी भी किसी को उन्होंने दण्ड नहीं दिया। ये हमेशा गलती करने वाले को अबसर और सुधरने की सलाह देते थे। उनमें सूक्ष्म अवलोकन की गजब शक्ति थी और वे किसी भी आकस्मिक घटना का बिल्कुल सही आकलन कर लेते थे। लेखक बहुत-सी ऐसी घटनाओं को याद करता
नेताजी में सूक्ष्म सैन्य दूरदर्शिता थी।

एक बार मार्च, 1999 में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के वार्षिक अधिवेशन के दौरान उन्होंने प्रस्ताव रखा कि अंग्रेज सरकार को चेतावनी भेजी जाए। छहः महीने के अंदर वे तुरंत भारत को आजाद करें अन्यथा उन्हें राष्ट्रीय संघर्ष के लिए तैयार होना चाहिए। कट्टरवादियों द्वारा इसका विरोध किया गया लेकिन नेताजी ने जो कहा वह सच हुआ। उनका विश्वास था कि कोई भी ताकत भारत को गुलाम नहीं रख सकती। अंग्रेज अधिकारी इस बात का मज़ाक उड़ाते थे और उन्हें लगता था यह भ्रामक विचार है और मुँह छिपाने का बहाना है। वास्तव में नेताजी के मन में ऐसी योजना थी जो सामान्य सैनिक के समझ से परे थी। नेताजी की नीतियों ने ब्रिटिश शासन की नींद उड़ा दी। नेताजी कट्टर धर्म-निरपेक्ष थे। लेखक को विश्वास था कि उनके या उनकी सरकार में सभी को पूर्ण न्याय मिलेगा। वे निस्संदेह महान व्यक्ति थे।

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Word Meanings

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 16 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose img 1
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 16 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose img 2

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Important Pronunciations

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 16 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose img 3

Read f he following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

MP Board Solutions

‘The question to all of us is then: Will Subhas be remembered by the generations to come? I.think he will. At least it was for this recompense that his restless soul traversed oceans and foreign lands in search of an answer to India’s freedom. It is too horrible to think that he is no longer amongst us. To his colleagues, he will remain ever alive, ever green and immortal.

He imposed on them his vivid personality so well and they at least will not forget him as long as they live, but I hope those who will come after them will also gratefully remember this magnificent man, born to be a ‘grand signeur’ who lived and died, so that India could be great and so that men and women of our race may not have to be born into this world with the stigma of being a subject people and not free and independent as we are today.’ (Page 115)

Questions:
(i) Which question haunted the author?
(ii) Find the word from the above passage which is similar In meaning to ‘terrible’?
(iii) Give noun form of ‘Imposed’.
(iv) Find a word in the passage which is opposite to ‘ordinary’?
Answers:
(i) The question that haunted the author was that if Netaji would be remembered by
the generations to come.
(ii) ‘Horrible’ has similar meaning to ‘terrible’.
(iii) ‘Imposition’ is the noun form of ‘imposed’.
(iv) ‘Magnificent’ is opposite to ‘ordinary’.

2. Netaji cared not only for the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers but also respected their feelings. He had a compassionate nature. He overwhelmed us with his concern for us individually and collectively, like sending a pair of boots to a sepoy with instructions to Regimental Commander to see personally that it fitted the man and report back to Netaji, helping his own staff officers to wash hands by pouring water and offering his own towel to scrub hands, shedding tears with a lump in his throat on hearing about our difficulties and taking immediate steps to supply relief.

Such spontaneous feelings coming out of his heart, made him extraordinarily a rare leader of men in war. His men felt happy, proud and lucky to do and die under his command. It was this relationship which kept up our morale in spite of all our difficulties and deficiencies. (Page 116)

MP Board Solutions

Questions:
(i) What did Netaji care for?
(ii) Find the word similar in meaning to ‘excited’.
(iii) Give noun form of ‘compassionate’.
(iv) Find a word opposite in meaning to ‘deliberate’.
Answers:
(i) Netaji cared for the honour, welfare and comfort of his soldiers but valued their ^ feelings as well.
(ii) ‘Overwhelmed’ has similar meaning to’excited’.
(iii) ‘Compassion’ is the noun form of ‘compassionate’.
(iv) ‘Spontaneous’ has opposite meaning to ‘deliberate’.

3. Netaji’s guess was accurate. I took my command in mid November 1944.1 got to grips with the enemy early in February 1945. Another example of Netaji’s military foresight is when in March 1939, during the annual session of the Indian National Congress at Tripuri in Jabalpur (M.P.), he proposed that the Congress should at once send an ultimatum to the British Government demanding independence within six months and should prepare immediately for a national struggle. The proposal was opposed by the rightist leaders. Netaji’s proposal was based on his appreciation of the European situation which was something beyond the understanding of our political leaders. But Netaji’s prediction turned out to be correct. (Page 117) (M.P. Board 2012)

Questions:
(i) Which proposal was opposed by the rightist leaders?
(ii) The author took command in:
(a) Mid November 1944.
(b) Mid February 1945.
(c) March 1939.
(d) November 1945.
(iii) One word from passage for “telling in advance what is going to happen in future” is:
(a) ultimate.
(b) tuned.
(c) predict.
(d) proposed.
(iv) The annual session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1939 at
Answers:
(i) Netaji’s proposal of sending an ultimatum to British Government demanding independence was opposed by the rightist leaders.
(ii) (a) Mid November 1944.
(iii) (c) predict.
(iv) Tripuri in Jabalpur (M.P.)

4. It created a psychological revolution. The war ended and with it ended the slavish mentality of the Indian soldier. When the British started INA trials in the Red Fort, they thought that the Indian people especially the soldiers would appreciate the British action against the INA officers. Reverse was the case. As soon as the first INA trial of the three front-line commanders started on 5th November 1945, within a week, disturbances broke out in Lahore, then in Lucknow and in Calcutta (now Kolkata) where hundreds of demonstrators were injured and twenty killed in police firing. Even after the first INA trial in which the three accused officers were released by the Commander-in-Chief, the public demand to stop the future INA trials continued. Anti-British Raj feelings kept on ‘ rising unabated. (Page 117)

Questions:
(i) What was the result of the war? What change did it bring to Indian soldiers?
(ii) Give a word opposite in meaning to ‘forward’.
(iii) Give a word similar in meaning to ‘obstacle’.
(iv) Make noun with the word ‘created’.
Answers:
(i) The war resulted in defeat. It ended the slavish mentality of Indian soldiers. It also gave rise to anti-British Raj feelings.
(ii) ‘Reverse’ is opposite to ‘forward’.
(iii) ‘Disturbance’ has similar meaning to ‘obstacle’.
(iv) ‘Creation’ is the noun form of ‘created’.

MP Board Solutions

5. Having shown Netaji’s powers of generalship which turned the defeat of the INA into the defeat of the British Raj, let me record that another great asset in Netaji’s being was that he was a staunch secularist. Whatever our religion and the area or the station of our birth, we had full confidence that we would get absolute justice from him and his Government the forerunner of our Government today. To show how his mind worked in this direction, his brief but an all embracing idea of independence is shown in distilled form in the last but one para of the proclamation of Provisional Government of Azad Hind. (Page 118)

Questions:
(i) What quality of Netaji is talked about here? What did the author feel about Netaji?
(ii) Give adverb form of ‘absolute’.
(iii) Give a word similar in meaning to ‘complete’.
(iv) Give opposite in meaning to ‘quote’.
Answers:
(i) His quality of being a secularist is talked about here. The author felt sure to get absolute justice from Netaji and his government.
(ii) ‘Absolutely’ is the adverb form of ‘absolute’.
(iii) ‘Absolute’ is similar in meaning.
(iv) ‘Unquote’ is the opposite to ‘quote’ to ‘complete’

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Textbook (Fiction and Drama)

The Abominable Snowman Question Answer Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 18 MP Board

Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman Questions and Answers

Students can also download MP Board 12th Model Papers to help you to revise the complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

The Abominable Snowman Class 12th Question Answer

Word Power

A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below: .
(tracks, lunatic, outlaws, forestalled, sarcasm, affirm, trivial, inconceivable, delicious,
trodden)

1. The police are looking for a band of who are involved in yesterday’s bank robbery.
2. Bank robbery is not a offence.
3. The expedition took us to places where no one had before.
4. The police reached the culprits by following the left by their car in the mud.
5. He wanted to retire early but hisplan was by unforeseen events.
6. The food at the restaurant we visited last night was
7. He praised me for my efforts but there was a hint of in his praise.
8. She worked hard but still failed. It was
9. The police charged the man of theft but he continued to that he was innocent.
10. The man was mentally ill. They said he was a
Answer:

  1. outlaws
  2. trivial
  3. trodden
  4. tracks
  5. forestalled
  6. delicious
  7. sarcasm
  8. inconceivable
  9. affirm
  10. lunatic.

MP Board Solutions

B. Finish the following crossword puzzle:
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 1

Across:

1. A young person with unusual or remarkable qualities or abilities (7)
3. A report sent quickly by one military officer to another (8)
8. The care and treatment of hands and nails (8)
9. Enter(42)
10. A person who has done something illegal and avoiding arrest (6)
11. Small in quantity and poor in quality (6)
12. Concerning society (6)
13. Ordinary and simple (5)
14. Large in amount, value and importance (11)
15. We make omelette from this (3)
19. Fully mature (4)
20. Present something as a gift to somebody (6)
22. Naked (4)
23. Wrong (5)
24. Belonging to a particular place or district (5)

Down:

1. Of an early stage of social development (9)
2. Delightful (9)
3. Not wet(3)
4. A way of using words that are opposite of what you mean in order to make fun of
them (7)
5. Extremeiy unpleasant and causing disgust (10)
6. Baptism; a ceremony in which somebody is given a name (11)
7. A wildly foolish person (7)
14. Thin card made of twisted thread (6)
15. Any creature with two feet (5)
16. State confidently that something Is true (6)
17. Marks left by a person, an animal or a moving vehicle (6)
18. Not native (6)
20. Ask for money, food etc. as a gift or as charity (3)
21. A low point between two higher points in a mountain range (3)
Answers:
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 2
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 3

Comprehension

A. Complete the following sentences choosing the correct alternatives:

Question 1.
When his porters said that the tracks were made by the wild man, Colonel Howard Bury
(a) believed it
(b) ignored it
(c) took cognizance of it
(d) mocked at it.
Answer:
(d) mocked at it.

Question 2.
When scientists rejected the idea of the footprints as those of monkeys, people said that they may be those of
(a) Cinderella
(b) an ascetic
(c) Giant Panda or Snow Bear
(d) langue monkeys.
Answer:
(c) Giant Panda or Snow Bear

Question 3.
Mr. Smythe sighted the tracks in
(a) Garhwal
(b) Sikkim
(c) Lapkha la
(d) Zemu Gap.
Answer:
(a) Garhwal

MP Board Solutions

Question 4.
The first European who had seen the Snowman was
(a) Dr. Odell
(b) Mr. Tombazi
(c) Mr. Tilman
(d) Mr. Smythe.
Answer:
(a) Dr. Odell

Question 5.
Mr. Tilman concludes that we must believe that the tracks were made by the , Abominable Snowman until……………….
(a) sighting of the tracks is stopped
(b) proofs about better claimant are found
(c) more traeks are found
(d) the Snowman is photographed
Answer:
(b) proofs about better claimant are found

B. Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What did the first Mount Everest party come across on the mountains?
Answer:
The first Mount Everest party came across the footprints closely resembling those of human being on the mountain.

Question 2.
Why did the author put three exclamation marks after the statement in his dispatch?
Answer:
The author put three exclamation marks after the statement in his dispatch because it was ridiculous for him.

Question 3.
What was Mr. Newman’s theory about the footprints?
Answer:
Newman’s theory about the footprints was that they belonged either to the outlaws or to the ascetics.

Question 4.
Why could the footprints not be those of Langur monkeys?
Ans.
The footprints could not be those of Langur monkeys because he didn’t find or hear about monkeys there.

Question 5.
How did Mr. Smythe react when the zoologist’s verdict came out?
Answer:
Mr. Smythe reacted after the zoologist’s verdict came out by. calling their theory a nonsense.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
What did the author inquire about on reaching Darjeeling?
Answer:
The author inquired about the lunatic on reaching Darjeeling.

Question 7.
What was the author’s theory about the shape of the footprints? (M.P Board 2015)
Answer:
The author saw footprints resembling large boots and similar in shape to those of man about six or seven inch long.

Question 8.
What type of footprints of the Snowman did Mr. Tombazi find?
Answer:
They were similar in shape to those of man but only six or seven inches long.

Question 9.
What could Mr. Tombazi assert with certainty?
Answer:
Mr. Tombazi could assert with certainty that the silhouette of the mysterious being was – identical with the outline of a human figure.

Question 10.
What does the author affirm at the end?
Answer:
The author at the end affirms that tracks for which no adequate explanation is forthcoming, have been seen and will no doubt continue to be seen in the Himalayas and until the better claimant is found. We may as well attribute them to their rightful owner, The Abominable Snowman.

C. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each:

Question 1.
What analogy has the author used for proving the existence of the Snowman? (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
In this article, the author makes an effort to unfold the mystery of the Abominable Snowman who has long been undiscovered with authenticity. He takes the footprints as evidence of the existence of Snowman. The analogy that he takes to prove it is that if fingerprints can decide the hanging of a man, why cannot footprints establish the existence of one.

Question 2.
How did the author justify his contribution to the sum of knowledge about the Abominable Snowman?
Answer:
The author were able to justify the contribution to the sum of knowledge about the Abominable Snowman because he had studied the views and findings of all his predecessors who had escaped many a facts. The author with the help of the Sherpas had collected practical views.

Question 3.
Why did the author want to start his inquiry with the Mount Everest?
Answer:
The author wanted to start his inquiry with Mount Everest because it is still untrodden and has been mysterious, for long strange things happen there.

Question 4.
More evidence was provided by two persons about the existence of the Snowman in 1936. What was it and who were they?
Answer:
In 1936, one Mr. Ronald Kaulback travelled in the Upper Salween and reported having seen at 16,000 feet five sets.of tracks, taking exactly as though made by a bare-footed man. He added that there were no bears. More evidence was tendered by Wing Commander Beauman who reported similar tracks from the Central Himalayas.

Question 5.
How did Mr. Kaulback react when people suggested that the footprints could be those of the Giant Panda or Snow Bear?
Answer:
When Mr. Kaulback said that the tracks which he saw were exactly made by biped, he was contradicted with the view that they were made by the Giant Panda or Snow Bear. At this, he reacted that he was ashamed that he had not thought of it himself but he had not heard of Pandas in those parts nor were there bamboo shoots.

MP Board Solutions

Question 6.
What does the author mean by “the season of 1937 was an active one in the Himalayas”?
Answer:
The author means to say that in this season a number of efforts were made to find out the facts behind the footprints. A combined authority of ‘The Times’ and ‘Mr. Smythe’ gave a theory of the extinction of those species but the two correspondents were not ready to support it and they gave another views.

Question 7.
How did Mr. Tombazi happen to see the Snowman?
Answer:
Mr. Tombazi writes that “an intense glare prevented him seeing anything for the first few seconds, but soon he spotted the object referred to, two or three yards away down the valley. It was exactly like human beings walking upright and wore no clothing.

Question 8.
Why did the author compare Mr. Tombazi with the old Lady at the Zoo?
Answer:
The author compared Mr. Tombazi with the old lady at the zoo because Tombazi had witnessed the existence of Snowman still he didn’t accept it with great certainty. He was still confused.

D. Answer the following questions in about 75-100 words each:

Question 1.
Do you think that Sherlock Holmes’ Monograph and Darwin’s Treatise were important
contributions to the sum of knowledge? Justify your answer.
Answer:
The author has a broad view. It is true that science explores a new fact on the basis of speculation. Science welcomes specialisation. Speculation gives birth to new ideas. When one works on those ideas one can formulate new achievement. For example/one can say had Newton not thought over the fact, why the apple fell down to earth, he had not been given to such a great discovery because falling of an apple was not the first incident. Many people almost all might have seen falling of an apple from a tree. In the same way, gherlock Holmes Monograph and Darwin’s Treatise were important contributions to the sum of knowledge.

Question 2.
How did Mr. Smythe strengthen his claim that the footprints were those of a ‘biped’? Why did he later retract his claim and say that the tracks were made by a bear?
Answer:
Mr. Smythe was an explorer in the Himalayas. He found the evidences of the footprints. They were huge, apparently of a biped. Photographs and measurements were taken. Then in order to clinch the thing he got the Sherpa’s signatures on a written statement to the effect that the tracks were those of a Metch Kangami.

They added that although they had never seen one, because anyone who does, dies or is killed, they had seen pictures of his tracks in Tibetan monasteries. Later, when Smythe submitted his evidence, that retreated his claim, and said that the tracks were made by a bear. He did so because he was not sure about the Sherpas who were frightened men and could withdraw at any moment. More than that, there was no way to measure and prove the tracks and print.

Question 3.
Describe H.W. Tilman’s sighting of tracks in Sikkim.
Answer:
The author, H.W. Tillman, had an open mind on the subject. In 1938, during the course of his exploration, he was in Sikkim when he saw tracks. Along with two Sherpas, he was crossing the Zemu Gap, a 19,000 feet pass between Kanchenjimga and Simbu. The weather was thick, the snow soft, and they plodded up a long, easy snow slope, and they saw by their side a single line of footsteps. In view of the prevailing weather, it could not be of many days old. Both the Sherpas and Tillman had been forestalled in the crossing of the Gap and when they gained the col they craned their neck over the other side which was extremely steep, to see which line that solitary climber had taken. The tracks having reached the col, had disappeared on some rocks on the Simvu side.

Question 4.
How did the author confirm that the tracks that he had observed were not made by human beings?
Answer:
The author was trying to get to a conclusion about the identity of the track he had seen. When he reached Darjeeling, he knew that no party had gone on the mountains recently. The last visit was made by Brigadier John Hunt but even Mr. Hunt had been there in November. So, it got confirmed that the tracks were not made by the human beings.

MP Board Solutions

Question 5.
What reasons does the author ascribe to the round shape of the footprints?
Answer:
The tracks seen by the two previous witnesses were circular while those seen by Hunt and the author himself resembled those made by large boots. The author concluded that they were not necessarily of a brute beast, but an erect thing who might have come down from his tree even earlier than they did. He thinks that even beavers, bees, ants, birds are not without constructive ability therefore those tracks could be attributed to a Snowman.

Question 6.
Describe in your own words the sight ML Tombazi witnessed when he was called
from his tent by his porters?
Answer:
Mr. Tombazi, having been called from his tent, saw an intense glare which prevented his seeing for the first few seconds. However soon, he could spot the object two or three hundred yards away down the valley. The figure, no doubt, in outline was exactly like a human being, walking upright, and stopping occasionally to uproot some dwarf rhododendron. It showed dark against the snow and wore no clothing. Within the next minute or so it had moved into some thick scrub and disappeared. He examined the
footprints, which were similar in shape to those of a man but only six or seven inches long.

Grammar

A. Look at the sentences below:
Now complete the following sentences in which only if (when) clauses have been given:
If finger prints can hang a man I see no reason why foot prints should not establish the existence of one. We can say the same thing in this way also.

If fingerprints can hang a man, why should footprints not establish the existence of one? In such sentences ‘if’ can be replaced bis, when and they are not conditional sentences:

1. If you can go there why ……
2. If the gate is locked how ……
3. If they don’t let you in what ……
4. If you don’t know the answer why ……
5. If you lose your way in the forest what ……
6. If you are nervous at this stage how ……
7. If there is a storm tonight what ……
8. If you are asked to choose one of them which one ……
9. What if they.don’t come on time?……
10. What if you don’t pay the bill? ……
Answer:

  1. would they not welcome you.
  2. would one enter the campus.
  3. would you do to them.
  4. wouldn’t you ask your teacher.
  5. would you do.
  6. would you succeed.
  7. would we do to face it.
  8. would you like.
  9. would you do.
  10. would they do.

B. Look at the following sentence again:

Nearly all the evidence I have collected on behalf of his existence consists of footprints, but if fingerprints can hang a man I see no reason why footprints should not establish the existence of one.  The sentence has the following clauses:

  • nearly all the evidence consists Of footprints.
  • I have collected on behalf of his existence.
  • but if fingerprints can hang a man.
  • I see no reason.
  • why footprints should not establish the existence of one.

There are several sentences of such type in the lesson. As shown above find out the clauses in the following sentences:

Question 1.
It is fitting that the starting point of our journey should be Mount Everest a mountain whose summit is still untrodden, which was for long itself mysterious, and upon which strange things have happened.
Answer:
The clauses in these sentences are given below:

  • It is fitting.
  • that the starting point of our journey should be Mount Everest—a mountain.
  • whose summit is still untrodden.
  • which was for long itself mysterious.
  • and upon which strange things have happened.

MP Board Solutions

Question 2.
Large langur monkeys were suggested, to which Mr. Kaulback replied that he had neither seen nor heat’d of any monkeys there and that the tracks were 3,000 feet above’the tree line.
Answer:

  • Large langur monkeys were suggested.
  • to which Mr. Kaulback replied.
  • that he had neither seen nor heard of any monkeys there.
  • and that the tracks were 3,000 feet above the tree line.

Question 3.
The suggestion was considered a shrewd one and Mr. Kaulback wrote to say he was ashamed he had not thought of it himself.
Answer:

  • The suggestion was considered a shrewd one.
  • and Mr. Kaulback wrote to say.
  • he was ashamed.
  • he had not thought of it himself.

Question 4.
But may be there was a hint of sarcasm, for he added that he had never heard of pandas in those parts nor were there any bamboo shootsa sine qua non for pandas, without which they languish and die.
Answer:

  • But may be there was a hint of sarcasm.
  • for he added.
  • that he had never heard of pandas in those parts nor were there any bamboo shootsa sine qua non for pandas.
  • without which they languish and die.

Question 5.
They added that although they had never seen one, because anyone who does, dies or is killed, they had seen pictures of his tracks in Tibetan monasteries.
Answer:

  • They added.
  • that although they had never seen one.
  • because anyone who does, dies or is killed.
  • they had seen pictures of his tracks in Tibetan monasteries.

Speaking Activity

A. Divide the class into two groups. Arrange a debate whether ‘the Snowman’ exists or not. One group – will speak in favour of’its’existence and the other will speak against it.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Writing Activity

A. Write an essay in about 250 words on “Mountaineering in the Himalayas” on the basis of the following points:

  • Why people prefer the Himalayas for mountaineering.
  • Precautions to be taken before setting out.
  • Help of local sherpas.
  • Precautions during climbing.
  • Good and bad effects of mountaineering on the local population and the eco-system.

Answer:
Mountaineering is an adventurous activity that one undertakes to explore mysteries underlying in regions of high mountains. People prefer the Himalayas for mountaineering because it is full of mysteries of the widest ranges. It is the largest region to explore. People have been trying to unrave its regions but there is still a lot more to do.

Before undertaking a climb to a mountain, one must be careful and aware of the impending dangers. One must study well the regions that one opts for. All the necessary equipment must be arranged. One must know the direction, height, curves, etc. of the regions.

The local Sherpas are of much help for a mountaineer. They know all the facts of the regions. They can lead one to particular direction. They can provide all sorts of local help if one falls in danger. During mountaineering, one must be particular about the team and tools, oxygen, food and direction. One should be helpful to each other.

Mountaineering provides livelihood to local people. They get new access to jobs. They can flourish their business. However in some respect, mountaineering affects the local eco-system due to the rush of people from outside regions. They change the face of the natural life of the people.

Think It Over

Mystery shrouds the existence of ‘the Abominable Snowtnan’. Think about the ways of solving this mystery.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Things to Do

Collect material that you can find on ‘Abominable Snowman or ‘Yeti’ (as he is called in Hindi) and Unidentified Flying Objects (U.F.O.) and exhibit it in the classroom.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

The Abominable Snowman Summary in English

The writer in this chapter tries to unfold the mystery of the Abominable Snowman or as we call it, ‘Yeti’. In 1921 Col. Howard Bury who was the leader of the first Mount Everest Party traced the footprints resembling those of a human being on the Lakhpa La, a 22,000 foot pass northeast of the mountain. For him, the belief of his porters that the tracks were made by the wild men of the snows, was ridiculous.

He feels science welcomes all speculations and on that basis the scientist traces to add something new to that knowledge. If fingerprints can decide the fate of a man, why can the footprints not establish the existence of one. So, the writer begins his effort to find out the facts behind the abominable snowman. Mr. Henry Newman interviewed the porters and got a full description of the wild men who were called Metch Kangmi—Kangmi meaning snowmen and Metch as Newman happily translated abominable.

Mr Newman thought the tracks were made by men who were either outlaws or ascetics striving to obtain magical powers by cutting themselves off from mankind and refusing to wash. The abominable snowman has remained a mystery for a long time. In 1936, Mr. Ronald Kaulbaclwhile travelling iii the upper Saiween, reported having seen at 16,000 feet five sets of tracks which looked exactly as though made by a bare-footed man. The report was contradicted by various views but he confirmed that he did not find any monkey or langur in the region.

However, he did not reject the idea about giant panda and snow bear. In an article in The Times Mr. Smythe described how in Garhwal in the central Himalayas at 6,50 feet he and his Sherpa porters found the imprints of a huge foot apparently of a biped. Photographs and measurements were taken and to clinch the things the Sherpas were induced to sign a statement to the effect that the tracks were those of a Metch Kangmi. Later, the prints were submitted to the zoological pundits and were pronounced by them to be those of a bear.

In short, any tracks seen in the high snows then or therefore might safely be ascribed to bears and nothing else which of course is nonsense. The author in 1938 too saw tracks which could not be explained away by shouting bear any more than those seen by Kaulback, Eleauman, Bhale, and others. The author was in Sikkim and with two Sherpas, he was crossing the Gemu saps in 19,000 feel pass between Kanchenjunga and Simbu. He was told that to; last visit to those parts had been made by Brigadier Johen Hunt.

MP Board Solutions

There is discrepancy between the tracks seen by Hunt and, that of the writer. Finally, the writer came to his last and more substantial evidence found by A.N. Tombazi who examined the footprints which were similar in case to those of a man but only six or seven inches long. Marks of five toes and instep were clear but trace of heel indistinct. The prints were undoubtedly those of a biped.

Tombazi reiterated with a sufficient degree of certainty that the silhouette of the mysterious being was identical with the outline of a human figure. The writer finds Mr. Tombazi with his fantastic legends and delicious fairy tales evidently an unwitting witness and all the more valuable on that account. He concludes with his affirmation that tracks for which no adequate explanation is forthcoming have been seen and will, no doubt, continue to be seen in the Himalayas. We shall attribute them to the Abominable Snowman until the other strong claimant appears.

The Abominable Snowman Summary in Hindi

प्रस्तुत अध्याय में लेखक ने घृणास्पद बर्फीले मानव जिसे हम ‘यती’ कहते हैं के रहस्यों को उजागर करने का प्रयास किया है। Howard Bury, जो प्रथम माउन्ट एवरेस्ट दल के नेता थे ने लखपा ला, उत्तर-पूर्वी पहाड़ों के एक 22000 फीट दर्रे में मानवीय पदचिन्हों से मिलता-जुलता पदचिन्ह देखा। उसके लिए उनके कुलियों का यह विश्वास कि रास्ते बर्फीले जंगली मानवों द्वारा बनाए गये थे बिल्कुल हास्यास्पद था। जैसा वह महसूस करता है कि, विज्ञान अनुमानों का स्वागत करता है और उसके आध पर पर वैज्ञानिक कुछ नयी जानकारियों देने का प्रयास करते हैं।

यदि अंगुलियों के निशान किसी व्यक्ति के जीवन का अन्त तय कर सकता है तो परों के निशान किसी के अस्तित्व को क्यों नहीं तय कर सकते। इसलिए लेखक घृणास्पद बफोले मानव के बारे में प्रचलित तथ्यों की खोज करने का प्रयास करता है। Henry Newman ने कुलियों से पूछताछ की और जंगली मानवों के बारे में पूरा विवरण जाना जिन्हें MetchKangmi (मच्छ कंगमी)-कंगमी का अर्थ है बर्फीला मानव और मच्छ जैसा कि Newman ने इसका अर्थ निकाला ‘घृणास्पद’ | Newman ने सोचा कि रास्तों का निर्माण उन लोगों द्वारा किया गया होगा जो कानून से भागे हुए लोग थे या उन योगियों द्वारा जो जादूई शक्तियों की प्राप्ति के लिए समाज से अपने को दूर रखते थे और स्नान नहीं करते थे।

घृणास्पद बर्फीले मानव काफी लम्बे समय से रहस्य बने हुए हैं। 1996 में Ronald Kaulback ने ऊपरी सालवान की यात्रा के दौरान 16,000 फीट पर रास्तों का पाँच सेट देखने के बाद यह तथ्य प्रकाशित किया जो बिल्कुल नंगे पाँव वाले मानवों द्वारा बनाए गये लगते थे। इस रिपोर्ट का कई विचारों द्वारा खंडन किया गया परन्तु उसने यह निश्चित किया कि उसने उस क्षेत्र में कहीं कोई बंदर या लंगूर नहीं देखा। लेकिन उसने विशाल पेड़ों और भालू के तथ्य से इनकार नहीं किया।

The Times में एक लेख में Mr. Smythe ने वर्णन किया कि कैसे मध्य हिमालय के गढ़वाल में 16,500 फीट पर उसने और उसके शेरपा कुली ने देखा कि बड़े-बड़े पाँवों के निशान स्पष्टतः दोपाये (दो पैर वाले) के थे। तस्वीरें व माप लिए गए और शेरपाओं से इसके लिखित दस्तावेज पर दस्तख़त लिए गए कि वे रास्ते मच्छ कंगामी द्वारा बनाए गए थे। बाद में ये तथ्य जैविकीय पंडितों को सौंपा गया जिन्होंने इसे भालू का बताया। संक्षेप में ऊँचे बर्फ में पाया जाने वाला उस समय या उसके बाद कोई भी पदचिन्ह भालू का बताया जाने लगा जो बिल्कुल बकवास था। 1938 में लेखक ने भी रास्तों को देखा जो सिर्फ भालू के नाम नहीं किया जा सकता था फिर जैसा Kaulback, Beauman, Bhalue आदि के द्वारा देखा गया। लेखक सिक्किम में था और उसके साथ दो शेरपा गेमू दर्रे से गुज़र रहे

MP Board Solutions

थे-कंचनजंगा और शिंभ के बीच 19000 फट दरे के बीच। उसे बताया गया था कि उस भाग में अंतिम बार Brigadies John Hunt आये थे। Hunt और लेखक द्वारा देखे गए पदचिन्हों में अन्तर है। अन्ततः लेखक अपने अन्तिम और महत्त्वपूर्ण साक्ष्य पर पहुंचा, जो A.N. Tombazi ने जिन्होंने उन पदचिन्हों को मानवी पदचिन्हों के समान पाया लेकिन वे सिर्फ छः या सात इंच लम्बे थे। पाँच पंजों और तलवों के निशान साफ थे लेकिन एड़ियों के निशान अस्पष्ट थे। निशान स्पष्टतः दोपायों के थे। Tombazi ने निश्चितता के प्रमाणों के आधार पर निष्कर्ष दिया कि निशान रहस्यपूर्ण थे क्योंकि बाहरी किनारों से ये मानवीय थे।

लेकिन Tombazi अपने अद्भुत कहानियों और चटपटी परिकथाओं के साथ तथ्यपरक और कुछ अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण लगे। वह निष्कर्ष इन्हें स्वीकार करते हुए निकालता है क्योंकि अबतक कोई अन्य विवरण देखने को नहीं मिला और निरसंदेह हिमालयों में देखा जाएगा। हम उन पदचिन्हों को घृणास्पद हिममानवों को सांपते हैं जबतक कि कोई अन्य ज़ोरदार दावेदार नहीं आता।

The Abominable Snowman Word Meaning

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 4
MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 5

The Abominable Snowman Important Pronunciations

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 18 The Abominable Snowman img 6

The Abominable Snowman Passages for Comprehension

Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:

In 1921, Colonel Howard Bury, leader of the first Mount Everest party came upon footprints closely resembling those of a human being on the Lakhpa La, a 22,000-foot pass, north-east of the mountain. In a dispatch telegraphed home he mentioned this and also the belief of his porters that the tracks were made by the Wild Men of the Snows. In order to show his opinion of such a laughable idea, he put no fewer than three exclamation marks after the statement, but in spite of this news was accorded its full value, and Colonel Howard Bury learnt, no doubt, how hard it is to be funny by telegraph. (Page 135)

Questions:
(i) Who was Col. Howard Bury? What did he see in the Mountain?
(ii) Find the word opposite in meaning to ‘distantly’.
(iii) Give the noun form of the word ‘resembling’.
(iv) Give a word similar in meaning to ‘identical’.
Answers:
(i) Col. Howard Bury was the leader of the first Mount Everest party in 1921. He saw footprints closely resembling those of human beings in mountain.
(ii) ‘Closely’ is the word opposite to ‘distantly’.
(iii) ‘Resemblance’ is the noun form of ‘resembling’.
(iv) ‘Resembling’ is similar in meaning to ‘identical’.

2. Intense glare prevented my seeing anything for the first few seconds, but I soon spotted the object referred to. two or three hundred yards away down the valle Unquestionably the figure in outline was exactly like a humati being, walking upright and stooping occasionally to uproot some dwarf rhododendron. It showed dark against the snow and wore no clothing. Within the next minute or so It had moved into some thick scrub and disappeared. I examined the footprints which were similar in shape to those of a man but only 6 or 7 inches long. Marks of five toes and instep were clear but trace of heel indistinct. The prints were undoubtedly those of a biped. (Page 138)

Questions:
(i) What did he see in the pass? What did they look alike?
(ii) Find a word similar in meaning to ‘vanished’.
(iii) Make the noun form of ‘prevented’.
(iv) Give the opposite of ‘indistinct’.
Answers:
(i) He saw an object with intense light, resembling a human being.
(ii) ‘Disappeared’ has a similar meaning to ‘vanished’. .
(iii) ‘Prevention’ is the noun form of ‘prevented’.
(iv) ‘Distiict’ is the opposite of ‘indistinct’.

MP Board Solutions

3. Chesterton has remarked on the loving care and skill bestowed by them on building up Pithecarithropus a bit of skull here, a few teeth there, and a thigh bone from somewhere else until at last they produce a detailed drawing carefully shaded to show that the very hairs of his head were numbered. I am at a loss to express a definite opinion. I merely affirm that tracks for which no adequate explanation is forthcoming have been seen and will, no doubt, continue to be seen in the Himalayas, and until the better claimant is found we may as well attribute them to their rightful owner, the Abominable Snowman.  (Page 139)

Questions:
(i) What does the author conclude?
(ii) Give a word similar in meaning to ‘elaborated’.
(iii) Give the adverb form of ‘adequate’.
(iv) Give a word opposite in meaning to ‘inadequate’.
Answers:
(i) The author concludes to attribute the footprints to the Abominable Snowman until
the better claimant is found.
(ii) Detailed is a word similar in meaning to ‘elaborated’.
(iii) The adverb form of ‘adequate’ is ‘adequately’.
(iv) A word opposite in meaning to ‘inadequate’ is ‘adequate’.

MP Board Class 12th English Solutions

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Textbook (Fiction and Drama)

Dream-Children: A Reverie Question Answer Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 4 MP Board

Class 12 English A Voyage Chapter 4 Dream-Children: A Reverie Questions and Answers

In this article, we will share MP Board Class 12th English Solutions Chapter 4 Dream-Children: A Reverie Pdf, These solutions are solved subject experts from the latest edition books.

Dream-Children: A Reverie Class 12th Question Answer

Vocabulary

A. Frame sentences to explain the meaning of the following:
Carve (something) out, pull (something) down, keep up, carry away, set up, stick up, mop about, take off, go on,
Answer:

  • Carve out : He has carved a fine figure of Goddess Durga out of marble stone.
  • Pull down : The independents pulled the government down to election.
  • Keep up : You should keep up your result.
  • Carry away : There is no one to carry away it.
  • Set up : My father set up a college in our village.
  • Stick up : Do not stick up any bill to my boundary wall.
  • Mop about : The thieves mopped about the house.
  • Take off : This one will take off at 5 pm.
  • Goon : Go on with your project.

B. Give Synonyms of the following Worlds
conception, up-braid, adjoining, awkward, courageous.
Answer:

  • conception – ideas
  • adjoining – neighbouring
  • courageous – bold
  • awkward – odd
  • up-braid – plaited

MP Board Solutions

C. Give antonyms of t he following:
ever, midnight, particular, empty, admiration.
Answer:

  • Ever — never
  • Midnight – midday
  • Particular — common
  • Empty — full
  • Admiration — condemnation.

D. In the essay, you read an example of oxymoron ‘busy-idle’. Another example can be ‘deafening silence’. Give five more examples of oxymoron.
Answer:
Some examples of oxymoron are: tragi—comedy, forbidden—fruit, lame—footed.

Comprehension

A. Pick the correct alternatives from the following:

Question 1.
Who are Alice and John?
(a) lamb’s real children
(b) Lamb’s imaginary children
(c) Mary’s children
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Lamb’s imaginary children

Question 2.
What sort of relations had Iamb with his brother?
(a) He disliked his brother.
(b) He loved his brother.
(c) He was indifferent towards his brother.
(d) He had differences with his brother.
Answer:
(b) He loved his brother.

Question 3.
What is Lethe?
(a) a river of England
(b) a river of India
(c) a river in Hades
(d) a river in Heaven.
Answer:
(c) a river in Hades

Question 4.
What was the immediate cause of the composition of the essay “Dréam Children:
A Reverie”?
(a) The death of his brother.
(b) The death of his grandmother.
(c) The death of his mother.
(d) The death of his father.
Answer:
(a) The death of his brother.

Question 5.
Which of the following fruits is not mentioned by Lamb that grew in the garden , in the Norfolk House?
(a) peach
(b) nectarine
(c) orange
(d) apple.
Answer:
(d) apple.

Question 6.
Who according to Lamb, was the best dancer during her youth?
(a) Alice, the daughter
(b) Alice, the mother
(c) Mrs. Field
(d) Bridget.
Answer:
(c) Mrs. Field

MP Board Solutions

B. Answer the following questions in about 60 words each:

Question 1
Write a character sketch of Lamb’s grandmother. (M.P. Board 2009)
Answer:
Lamb’s grandmother had a pleasing personality. She was highly religious. She was beloved and respected by everybody. She was very particular and prompt in her duties. She was fond of children and always enjoyed to be with them during holidays. She was tall, upright and graceful. She was a good dancer and was so popular among the commoner that her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry of the neighbourhood from miles away.

Question 2.
What sort of a person was John Lamb? How did Lamb admire him?
Answer:
John Lamb had some good sort of personality. He was extremely handsome and spirited young man. All the children loved him and he loved them too. He was kind and helpful. He usually helped the writer by carrying him on his back. He was careful about the big house and the garden. Later, in his life, he was in great pain, still he lived with enthusiasm.

Question 3.
What are the similarities between Alice, the mother and Alice, the daughter?
Answer:
As the writer was in dream about his family, he was lost in thought. Alice was his daughter and John was his son, in fact imaginary. He observed some similarities between Alice the daughter and Alice the mother, the representation of her eye and her bright hair are similar.

Question 4.
Describe the cremation of grandmother Field.
Answer:
Field was a graceful lady with all generosity and kindness. She was loved and respected by all. She was highly religious, so she was very popular among people. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor, some of the gentry also came and make their presence. They all came from neighbourhood from many miles away to show their respect in her memory.

MP Board Solutions

Question 5.
Describe how Lamb used to move about in the garden of the great house. (M.P. Board 2016)
Answer:
Lamb was a peculair child. He never liked to be in a company. So, he usually spent his time alone. He used to roam in the big mansion. He also walked along the big, spacious old-fashioned garden, where he sometimes met with the solitary man, gardening, who never liked him roam in the garden or allowed him pluck any flower or fruit.

Question 6.
Who did grandmother Field love the best among the Lamb brothers and why?
Answer:
Grandmother Field was a graceful lady. She loved all the children. She always wished to be with all their grand-children in the great house in holidays but she had special love,and attention for John. Lamb, because he was very handsome and spirited young man.He also moped about in solitary comers and cared the great garden of the great house.

Question 7.
Why does Lamb say that though grandmother Field was not the owner of the house ‘yet in some respect she might be said to be the mistress of it too’?
Answer:
Lamb’s grandmother Field was a very popular lady living in a great house in Norfolk. She was highly attached with the house. Lamb says that she was not, the mistress of the house. She was only in charge of it, because she was committed to it by its owner who preferred living in a newer house. Still she lived in it, in a manner as if it was her own. She maintained the dignity of the house.

C. Answer the following questions in about 75-100 words each:

Question 1.
Justify the statement that’Dream Children: A Reverie’ is a lyric in prose.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie is an outburst of a flow of imagination of Charles Lamb. Lamb was said to be the Prince of English essayists. He wrote this essay when he was ” nearing his fifties. As his life was not at all happy and comfortable, he towards the end of his life, has expressed his dreams which couldn’t be fulfilled during his lifetime. He had suffered a lot in his life. He himself was lame. His elder brother whom he loved so much died in great pain.

He missed him because he usually carried him on his back when he could not walk. In his youth, Lamb had a disappointing love-affair with a girl who afterwards married another man. He was a bachelor. He lived in utter loneliness. Though he wanted a family and children but they were denied to him in his actual life. In this essay, he is dreaming for having two children, on both of his sides behaving like real . children. Although the story has created a moving life situation which has all the elements of a lyric. This is a flow which makes one completely engrossed with the story.

MP Board Solutions

Question 2.
In ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’ Lamb has woven fiction around certain facts of his life. Illustrate this statement from the essay.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie is a typical essay written by Charles Lamb. The main theme of the essay is woven around certain facts of Lamb’s life. His life was very pathetic. He was a lame and suffered a lot. He was very much attached with his elder brother John who also became lame in his later life. He was in great pain when he died. The writer was deeply distressed with this incident. He always wished for a family. Once he was in love with a girl but afterwards she denied to marry him. He lived a bachelor life. He also wanted children but he was denied of a family and children. This story is an imagination that he could never see as being fulfilled.

Question 3.
Discuss the element of pathos in the essay ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’.
Answer:
Dream Children: A Reverie presents an unfulfilled desire of the essayist, Charles Lamb. Lamb’s life was a tragic one. He was physically not sound. He earnestly wished for a family and children. But he could not get any. He loved his elder brother very much who also suffered great pain. Lamb was in great pain to see his elder brother dying slowly in great pain. Everywhere in the essay, Lamb has tried to reveal the real tragedy of his life. It is really a very touching essay.

Question 4.
Write a summary of the essay ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’ in your own words.
Answer:
This is a story of a dream of a life which the writer couldn’t have. Children are usually fond of listening to the stories of their ancestors. The writer’s children (in fact imaginary) came closer to him to know about their great grandmother Field who lived in a great house in Norfolk. The writer continued to say interesting facts about Field. Field was a highly religious lady loved and respected by all. She was in fact not the mistress of the great house but just a caretaker of it, still she lived with dignity. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry too, of the neighborhood. They came from many miles to show their respect in her memory.

Further, the writer said that Field was tall, upright and graceful. She was an esteemed dancer in her youth. Later she suffered from the deadly disease, cancer which put her in pain. But she was still upright, as she was so good and religious.

Field used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great house. She usually believed that two infants used to glide up and down the great staircase near where she slept during midnight. The writer was scared for he never saw any infant. However, Field was always very good to all her grand children. She liked to have all the children with her in the house during holidays. The writer enjoyed his loneliness even there. He was always alone in himself even there in the house of the grandmother.

Then the writer told John and Alice, the two children who were taking much interest in the story that the grandmother loved all the grand children with joy but she had special attention to John L. John L was very handsome and spirited youth. He loved the great house and took care of the garden. He used to carry the writer on his back, for he was a bit older than the writer.

It was because the writer was lame and couldn’t walk long. Later, he himself became lame and was in great pain. His painful death haunted the writer for long. The writer missed him much; for he had loved him too. He missed his brother’s kindness, closeness and wished him to be alive again to be quarrelling with him.

The children cried to listen to the stories about their pretty dead mother. The writer continued that he courted the fair Alice W-N, but when he explained how he was denied of the marriage, what pain had to suffer the children great emotional. They thought and realized that they were not real children born of the writer and Alice W-N. They were nearly dreams. The writer was awakened and there was no one around him neither John nor Alice.

Question 5.
Justify the title of the essay, ‘Dream Children: A Reverie’. (M.P. Board 2010)
Answer:
The title of the essay, Dream Children: A Reverie is very appropriate in the context of its
theme. The writer tries to unfold his unfulfilled desire. For this, he creates the images of two children who act in a real manner. He tells them all his memories of life. He utterly desired to have a family and children which was never fulfilled. The situation of the essay appears to be a real life situation. He shows similarity between Alice the Mother and Alice the daughter. He also shows similarity of fair hair between the two and through the children he reveals and satisfies the realities of his life.

D. Explain the following:

Question 1.
Children love to listen to stories about their elders, when they were children; to stretch their imagination to the conception of a traditionary great-uncle, grandame, whom they never saw.
Answer:
These lines are the exposition of a common phenomena. The writer reveals that children are fond of listening to adventurous tales and tales about old generation. These stories thrill them. They are also curious to know about their own ancestors. It is a way that they wish to be familiar with their own past glory, prestige, etc.

Question 2.
I missed his kindness and I missed his crossness, and wished him to be alive again, to ‘ be quarrelling with him (for we quarrelled sometimes), rather than not have him again, and was as uneasy without, him, as he their poor uncle must have been when the doctor took off his limb.
Answer:
Through this, Lamb is blurring the line of fiction and reality. The uncle in the story coincides with the brother of Lamb. Here Lamb reveals his feeling about his elder brother. His elder brother was a handsome youth and a love some figure. He was always helpful to the writer. He used to carry Lamb on his back as Lamb was unable to walk long for being lame. Sometimes, he got angry and quarrelled with him. Still he was helpful. He was a man of all good qualities. So, Lamb missed him much. Fiction gets woven around facts,

MP Board Solutions

Question 3.
‘We are not of Alice, nor of thee, nor are we children at all. The children of Alice called Bartrum, father. We are nothing; less than nothing, and dreams. We are only what might have been, and must wait upon the tedious shores of Lethe millions of ages before we have existence and a name’.
Answer:
These lines reveal the realities of this story. In the whole story, Lamb has created such a realisite atmosphere that everything appears to be happening in life. In fact, it is mere fantasy. He has exposed his desires through imagination. He neither had a family nor children. John and Alice are his dream children. When in the end, Lamb tells them that he could never get married the children are made to feel that they are creation of Lamb’s imagination. In the meantime, the writer is awaken and everything is finished.

Grammar

Look at the following sentences:

  • Children love to listen to stories about their elders.
  • Then I went on to say…
  • I had more pleasure in strolling.

In the above sentences the words in bold are non-finites. Now, fill in the blanks in the following sentences with proper forms of non-finites:
1. She refused ………… with me.
2. They offered ………… after our children when we were away.
3. Not many people can afford …………….a car.
4. She appeared …………….. done the deed.
5. She is difficult ………..
6. He Came specially…..me.
7. I have never known him ………….his temper.
8. She was heard ………….
9. She was ill. I advised her ……….. a doctor.
10. She decided ………… a nurse.
Answer:

  1. to stay
  2. to look
  3. to buy
  4. to have
  5. to manage
  6. to see
  7. to lose
  8. shouting
  9. to consult
  10. to be.

Speaking Activity

Every student in the class should speak ten sentences about their parents, brothers, sisters, and cousins. The information should be based on facts and not fiction as Lamb has done in his essay.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Writing Activity

Write a letter to your pen-friend informing about your family, parents, siblings and cousins.
Answer:
ABC Road
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India
January 22, 20xx Dear John
Thanks for your reply. It was fascinating to know about your life in New York and your family and friends. It’s my turn to intimate you about my life here. I live-in a joint family and not in a nuclear family as is common in your country. My family includes my parents and siblings, my father’s elder brother and his family, my grandparents, myself and my dog, Timmy. I have an elder sister and a brother younger to me. My father is a dentist and mother is a housewife. We are lucky to have our grandparents always advising us with their wisdom and experience. My cousins are older to me and I love their company. I am sending you a photograph of this very happy and united family of mine. It’s nice to have a pen-friend in the U.S. A. I will wait your reply and expect you to tell me something about your city.
Your dear friend
Ali.

Think It Over

A. Reverie is pleasant thought that make you forget what you are doing or what is happening around you. Have you undergone similar experiences?
Answer:
Pleasant thoughts that make us forget, what we are doing or what is happening around
us. Once I had pleasant experience. I was sitting in my room. Suddenly, I began behaving in a strange manner. I called my mother and said that I have become the Prime Minister and in an hour I am flying to the Parliament. My mother called the other members of the house. They were laughing and got a bit serious. For almost an hour, I was elated and preparing myself for taking oath. Then my father came and as I saw him, all my elation disappeared and I was in my senses.

B. Memories not only give us pleasure-they also make us sad as we miss the bygone days. Do-you think Lamb’s reminiscences here are a blend of humour and pathos?
Answer:
Yes. Lamb’s reminiscences here are a blend of humour and pathos. He has dealt with the theme in a very realistic manner. Sometimes, the behaviour of grandmother creates humour while the memory of his brother creates pathos.

Things to Do

Study the style of Lamb. Among the modern essayists E.V. Lucas has written essays in the style of Lamb. Try to read the following essays by Lucas:
‘On Finding Things’ and ‘The Rope Trick’.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Dream – Children: A Reverie by Charles Lamb Introduction

Dream-Children: A Reverie is an outburst of a flow of imagination of Charles Lamb He write this assay when he was nearing his fifties. His life was not at all happy He wanted a family and children but they were denied to him in his actual life. The essay makes us aware of his deepening touching in life.

Dream – Children: A Reverie Summary in English

This is a story of a dream of a life which the writer couldn’t have. Children are usually fond of listening to the stories of their ancestors. The writer’s children (in fact imaginary) came closer to him to know about their great grandmother Field who lived in a great house in Norfolk. The writer continued to say interesting facts about Field. Field was a highly religious lady loved and respected by all. She was in fact not the mistress of the great house but just a caretaker of it, still she lived with dignity. When she died, her funeral was attended by a concourse of all the poor and some of the gentry too, of the neighborhood. They came from many miles to show their respect in her memory.

Further, the writer said that Field was tall, upright and graceful. She was an esteemed dancer in her youth. Later she suffered from the deadly disease, cancer which put her in pain. But she was still upright, as she was so good and religious.

Field used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great house. She usually believed that two infants used to glide up and down the great staircase near where she slept during midnight. The writer was scared for he never saw any infant. However, Field was always very good to all her grand children. She liked to have all the children with her in the house during holidays. The writer enjoyed his loneliness even there. He was always alone in himself even there in the house of the grandmother.

Then the writer told John and Alice, the two children who were taking much interest in the story that the grandmother loved all the grand children with joy but she had special attention to John L. John L was very handsome and spirited youth. He loved the great house and took care of the garden. He used to carry the writer on his back, for he was a bit older than the writer.

It was because the writer was lame and couldn’t walk long. Later, he himself became lame and was in great pain. His painful death haunted the writer for long. The writer missed him much; for he had loved him too. He missed his brother’s kindness, closeness and wished him to be alive again to be quarrelling with him.

The children cried to listen to the stories about their pretty dead mother. The writer continued that he courted the fair Alice W-N, but when he explained how he was denied of the marriage, what pain had to suffer the children great emotional. They thought and realized that they were not real children born of the writer and Alice W-N. They were nearly dreams. The writer was awakened and there was no one around him neither John nor Alice.

Dream – Children: A Reverie Summary in Hindi

यह एक जीवन के सपने की कहानी है जिसमें लेखक कभी साकार न हो सका। बच्चे प्रायः अपने पूर्वजों के बारे में जानने को उत्सुक रहते हैं। लेखक के बच्चे (दरअसल काल्पनिक) उसके पास आए और अपनी दादी Field के बारे में जानना चाहते थे जो Norfolk के बड़े-से घर में रहती थी। लेखक मजेदार बातों के साथ Field के बारे में बताना शुरू किया कि Field महान् धार्मिक महिला थी जिसे सभी लोग प्यार और इज्जत देते थे। दरअसल वह उस विशाल घर की मालकिन नहीं थी बल्कि इसकी संरक्षिका थी। फिर भी वह काफी प्रतिष्ठा के साथ वहाँ रहती थी। जब उसकी मृत्यु हुई तो उसके अन्तिम संस्कार में काफी संख्या में गरीबों का समूह और कुछ पड़ोसी मध्यमवर्गीय लोग शामिल हुए। वे दूर-दूर से उसके प्रति अपनी आदर की भावना का प्रदर्शन करने आए थे।

आगे लेखक ने बताया कि Field लम्बी, अनुशासित एवं कोमल महिला थी। वह अपने युवाकाल में एक अच्छी नर्तकी थी। बाद में उसे कैंसर जैसी भयानक बीमारी हो गई जिसने उसे भीषण दर्द में डाल दिया। फिर भी वह सख्त थी और उतनी ही धार्मिक और अच्छी। . Field बड़े घर के एक अकेले कमरे में सोती थी। उसे प्रायः ऐसा लगता था कि दो बच्चे हवा में लहराते हुए उस नीचे

सीढ़ी पर आते थे जहाँ वह सोती थी। लेखक को इससे भय लगता था क्योंकि उसे कोई बच्चा दिखाई नहीं दिया। हालाँकि Field अपने पोतों के साथ बहुत अच्छा व्यवहार रखती थी। वह छुट्टियों में सभी बच्चों को एक साथ उस बड़े धर में देखनाचाहती थी। लेखक अपने अकेलेपन में ही वहाँ भी खोया रहता था। वह दादी माँ के बड़े घर में भी अपने आप में अकेला होता था।

फिर लेखक ने John और Alice दोनों बच्चों जो उसकी कहानी में विशेष दिलचस्पी दिखा रहे थे, को बताया कि दादी माँ सभी बच्चों को बेहद प्यार करती थी, परन्तु उसे John L से विशेष लगाव था। John L बहुत ही सुन्दर और उत्साही युवक था। वह घर को प्यार करता था और बगीचे की देखभाल भी करता था। वह लेखक को अपनी पीठ पर ढोया करता था, क्योंकि वह लेखक से बड़ा था। वह ऐसा इसलिए करता था कि लेखक पाँव से लंगड़ा था और ज्यादा दूर चल नहीं पाता था। बाद में वह खुद भी लँगड़ा हो गया और बहुत ही दर्द में था। उसकी दर्दनाक मौत हमेशा लेखक को कचोटता था।

लेखक को उसकी कमी महसूस होती थी, क्योंकि वह उसे बहुत प्यार करता था। अपने भाई केपण्या, और गुस्से को याद करता था और चाहता था कि वह फिर से जिंदा हो जाए और उससे झगड़े। बच्चों ने अपनी सुन्दर माँ की कहानी सुनने के लिए शोर मचाया। लेखक ने बताया कि उसने Alice W-N. से मंगनी तय की लेकिन जब उसने बताया कैसे उसे शादी के लिए नकार दिया गया और उसे कैसे दर्द से गुजरना पड़ा, तो बच्चे भावुक हो गए। उन्होंने सोचा और महसूस किया वे लेखक और Alice W.N. के बच्चे नहीं थे। वे दरअसल एक सपना थे। लेखक की नींद खुल गई और वहाँ कोई नहीं था, न John न ही Alice..

Dream-Children: A Reverie Word Meanings

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 4 Dream-Children A Reverie img 1

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 4 Dream-Children A Reverie img 2

Dream-Children: A Reverie Important Pronunciations

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Solutions Chapter 4 Dream-Children A Reverie img 3

Dream-Children: A Reverie Passage for Comprehension

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow them:

1. Children love to listen to stories about their elders, when they were children; to stretch their imagination to the conception of a traditionally great-uncle, or grandame, whom they never saw. It was in this spirit that my little ones crept about me the other evening to hear about their great-grandmother Field, who lived in a great house in Norfolk (a hundred times bigger than that in which they and papa lived) which had been the scene- so at least it was generally believed in that part of the country-of the tragic incidents which they had lately become familiar with from the ballad of the Children in the Wood.(Page 22)

Questions:
(i) What do children love to listen?
(ii) Give noun form of the word ‘traditionary’.
(iii) Find a word from the passage meaning same as the word ‘spread’.
(iv) Give a word opposite in meaning of ‘strange’.
Answers:
(i) Children love to listen to the stories about their ancestors like grandmother, great- uncle etc.
(ii) ‘Tradition’ is the noun form of the word ‘traditionary’
(iii) Stretch is similar in meaning to ‘spread’.
(iv) Familiar has opposite meaning to ‘strange’.

2. Here little Alice spread her hands. Then I told what a tall, upright, graceful person their great-grandmother Field once was; and how in her youth she was esteemed the best dancer-here Alice’s little right foot played an involuntary movement ’till’ upon my looking grave, it desisted-the best dancer, I was saying, in the country, till a cruel disease, called a cancer ‘came’ and bowed her down with pain; but it could never bend her good spirits, or make them stoop, they were still upright, because she was so good and religious.

Then I told how she was used to sleep by herself in a lone chamber of the great lone ‘ house; and how she believed that an apparition of two infants was to be seen at midnight ; gliding up and down the great staircase near where she slept, but she said; “those innocents would do her no harm” and how frightened I used to be, though in those days I had my maid to sleep with me, because I was never half so good or religious as she and yet I never saw the infants. (Faye 23)

Questions:
(i) What did she suffer from? How did it affect her?
(ii) Give adjective form of ‘frightened’.
(iii) Find a word from the passage which has opposite meaning to ‘guilty’?
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means same as ‘scared’?
Answers: .
(i) She later in her life, suffered from cancer but her spirit was still upright for she was so good and religious.
(ii) ‘Frightening’ is the adjective form of ‘brightened’.
(iii)’ ‘Innocent’ is the opposite meaning to’guilty’.
(iv) Frightened is similar in meaning to ‘scared’.

MP Board Solutions

3. Then in somewhat a more heightened tone, I told how, though their great-grandmother Field loved all her grand-children, yet in an especial manner she might be said to love their uncle, John Lamb, because he was so handsome and spirited youth, and a king to the rest of us; and, instead of moping about in solitary corners, like some of us, he would mount the most mettlesome horse he could get, when but an imp no bigger than themselves, and make it carry him half over the county in a morning, and join the hunters when there were any out and yet he loved the old great house and gardens too, but had too much spirit to be always pent up within their boundaries and how their uncle grew up to man’s estate as brave as he was handsome, to the admiration of everybody, but of their great-grandmother Field, most especially.
(Page 24)

Questions:
(i) Whom did the grandmother love in a special manner? Why?
(ii) Give noun form of the word ‘spirited’.
(iii) Give a word meaning same as ‘lonely’.
(iv) Find a word from the passage which means opposite to ‘condemn’?
Answers:
(i) The grandmother loved John Lamb, the elder brother of the writer in a special manner because he was very handsome and spirited.
(ii) ‘Spirit’is the noun form of word’spirited’.
(iii) ‘Solitary’ is similar in meaning to ‘lonely’.
(iv) ‘Admire’ is opposite to ‘condemn’.

MP Board Class 12th English A Voyage Textbook (Fiction and Drama)